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Ophey A, Brijoux T, Conrad A, Folkerts AK, Zank S, Kalbe E. Cognition in People Aged 80 Years and Older: Determinants and Predictors of Change from a Population-Based Representative Study in Germany. J Frailty Aging 2023; 12:189-197. [PMID: 37493379 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2023.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people aged 80 years and older (80+) will increase drastically in the upcoming decades. The preservation of cognitive functions will contribute to their quality of life and independence. OBJECTIVES To identify determinants of cognition and predictors of change in cognitive performance in the population 80+. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based on the representative NRW80+ survey. SETTING Randomly drawn cases of people aged 80+ from the municipal registration offices, including people living in private homes and institutional settings. PARTICIPANTS The participants in the cross-sectional sample (N=1503, 65.5%female) were 84.7 years old (95%CI[84.5,85.0]) and had 12.3 years of education (95%CI[12.1,12.4]). The participants in the longitudinal sample (N=840, 62.5%female) were 84.9 years old (95%CI[84.6,85.2]) and had 12.3 years of education (95%CI[12.0,12.5]). MEASUREMENTS The cognitive screening DemTect, age, sex, education, and social, physical, and cognitive lifestyle activities, as well as subjective general health status and depressive symptoms, were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. RESULTS Younger age, more years of education, and more cognitive lifestyle activities were identified as the most consistent determinants of both better cognitive performance and preservation of cognitive performance for both global cognition as well as the DemTect subtests on memory and executive functions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that commonly investigated determinants of, and change in, cognitive performance are valid for the people 80+ and highlight the importance of cognitive lifestyle activities for cognitive health. The maintenance of cognitive functions is a key aspect of healthy aging in terms of preserving independence in people 80+.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ophey
- Dr. Anja Ophey, Kerpener Str. 68, 50937 Cologne, Germany, phone +49 221 478-32976, fax +49 221 478-3420,
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Srivastava RK, Ruiz de Azua I, Conrad A, Purrio M, Lutz B. Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Deletion from Catecholaminergic Neurons Protects from Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012635. [PMID: 36293486 PMCID: PMC9604114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-calorie diets and chronic stress are major contributors to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. These two risk factors regulate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The present study showed a key role of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in dopamine β-hydroxylase (dbh)-expressing cells in the regulation of SNS activity. In a diet-induced obesity model, CB1 deletion from these cells protected mice from diet-induced weight gain by increasing sympathetic drive, resulting in reduced adipogenesis in white adipose tissue and enhanced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. The deletion of CB1 from catecholaminergic neurons increased the plasma norepinephrine levels, norepinephrine turnover, and sympathetic activity in the visceral fat, which coincided with lowered neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in the visceral fat of the mutant mice compared with the controls. Furthermore, the mutant mice showed decreased plasma corticosterone levels. Our study provided new insight into the mechanisms underlying the roles of the endocannabinoid system in regulating energy balance, where the CB1 deletion in dbh-positive cells protected from diet-induced weight gain via multiple mechanisms, such as increased SNS activity, reduced NPY activity, and decreased basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur 484887, India
| | - Inigo Ruiz de Azua
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Purrio
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Ferry T, Conrad A, Senneville E, Roux S, Dupieux-Chabert C, Dinh A, Lustig S, Goutelle S, Pham T, Valour F. Sécurité du tédizolide en tant que thérapie antimicrobienne suppressive pour les patients souffrant d’une infection ostéo-articulaire complexe sur implant à Gram-positif multirésistants : résultats de l’étude de cohorte TediSAT. Infect Dis Now 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Solsrud E, Conrad A, Westermann R, Brown T, Pearlman A. 073 Evaluation of Hip Pathology in Men Presenting with Chronic Scrotal Content Pain. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Landré S, Conrad A, Mouton W, Compagnon C, Boisselier L, Brengel-Pesce K, Casalegno J, Viel S, Trouillet-Assant S, Ader F. Évaluation de l’efficacité du vaccin antigrippal par des tests d’immunité fonctionnelle dans une cohorte de receveurs d’allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Med Mal Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Benech N, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Valour F, Conrad A, Roux S, Ferry T, Ader F, Perpoint T, Lina B, Chidiac C. La négativité persistante des prélèvements nasopharyngés est-elle fiable pour éliminer une pneumonie au SARS-CoV-2 chez un patient en quarantaine post-exposition ? Med Mal Infect 2020. [PMCID: PMC7442062 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Gousseff M, Botelho-Nevers E, Conrad A, Gallay L, Goehringer F, Lemaignen A, Lescure F, Penot P, Salmon D, Pozzetto B. Récurrences symptomatiques de COVID-19 confirmées après guérison clinique d’un premier épisode : rechute, réinfection ou rebond inflammatoire ? Med Mal Infect 2020. [PMCID: PMC7442014 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Bien que, par analogie aux autres coronavirus, la maladie COVID-19 induite par SARS-CoV-2 ait été initialement supposée monophasique et transitoirement immunisante, de rares publications rapportent des patients avec 2e épisode. L’objectif de cette étude est de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques, la séquence moléculaire de détection virale, et le devenir de patients présentant 2 épisodes distincts de COVID-19. Matériels et méthodes Une étude nationale multicentrique rétrospective observationnelle a recensé les patients présentant un 2e épisode aigu symptomatique de COVID-19, défini par au moins un signe clinique majeur typique, et une PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive dans les voies aériennes, après : – au moins 21 jours du début du 1er épisode ; – une phase de guérison clinique (retour à l’état antérieur, ou sortie de soins aigus sans oxygène), sans diagnostic différentiel infectieux, thromboembolique ou inflammatoire. Résultats Onze patients présentant un 2e épisode de COVID-19 après une guérison clinique médiane [étendue] de 10 [3–27] jours ont été recensés, et 2 groupes ont été individualisés. Dans le 1er, 4 soignants sans comorbidités, d’âge médian 32,5 [19–43] ans, potentiellement re-exposés au SARS-CoV- (3 dans des unités de soins COVID, 1 au domicile), ont présenté aux 2 épisodes une maladie modérée suivie en ambulatoire. Dans le 2e groupe, 7 patients comorbides (dont 2 sous chimiothérapie), d’âges médian 73 [54–91] ans, ont été hospitalisés en soins aigus à chaque épisode. Au 1er, 3 patients ont reçu des corticoïdes. Aucune réexposition au SARS-CoV-2 n’a été documentée, et 3 patients sont décédés, dont 2 de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë sans autre cause que le SARS-CoV-2. Au 2e épisode, tous les scanners montraient des signes aigus de COVID-19, 4/9 PCR avaient des « cycle threshold » (CT) < 30, et 1 sur 2 cultures virales pratiquées était positive. La sérologie SARS-CoV-2 après j21 était positive pour 6 patients, et négative pour 3 (du 2e groupe). Conclusion Cette étude exploratoire confirme la possibilité de récurrences de symptômes après guérison clinique d’un premier épisode de COVID-19. La positivité des PCR aux 2e épisodes (de plusieurs gènes ou avec CT bas) et au moins une culture virale positive, sans diagnostic différentiel identifié, sont en faveur d’une origine virale à ces récurrences. Les caractéristiques des 2 groupes de patients suggèrent soit des réinfections, soit des réactivations virales. Un déficit immunitaire relatif cellulaire ou humoral (par épuisement professionnel ou immuno-senescence, ou traitements immunosuppresseurs), pourraient entraver la clairance virale ou l’efficacité immunitaire antivirale contre les réinfections à SARS-CoV-2. De plus larges études épidémiologiques, et immuno-virologiques sont nécessaires pour comprendre la fréquence et le(s) mécanisme(s) de ces récurrences.
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Pietropaoli C, Cavalli Z, Jouanneau E, Tristan A, Conrad A, Ader F, Guyotat J, Chidiac C, Ferry T. Cerebral empyema and abscesses due to Cutibacterium acnes. Med Mal Infect 2019; 50:274-279. [PMID: 31668987 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium of the skin, frequently reported in prosthetic shoulder or spinal implant infections, but rarely in cranial and intracranial infections. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with intracranial samples positive to Cutibacterium acnes managed in the neurosurgical units of our hospital of Lyon, France, between 2008-2016. RESULTS We included 29 patients, of whom 23 had empyema (with or without abscess), 17 had cranial osteomyelitis, and six only had abscess. Prior neurosurgery was reported in 28 patients, and the remaining patient had four spontaneous abscesses. Twelve patients had polymicrobial infections, including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus in 11 cases. The clinical diagnosis was difficult because of indolent and delayed symptoms: a CT scan or MRI was required. Thirteen patients (52%) had material at the infection site. All patients with bone flap implant or bones from biological banks had a bone flap-associated infection. Drainage was surgically performed in 25 cases or by CT scan-guided aspiration in four cases. All patients received an adapted antibiotic therapy (from three weeks to six months). The outcome was favorable in 28 patients. Three patients relapsed during the antibiotic therapy, requiring further surgery. CONCLUSION Cutibacterium acnes can be responsible for postoperative empyema and cerebral abscesses, with particular indolent forms, which make their diagnosis difficult. They are often polymicrobial and associated with bone flap osteomyelitis. Their outcome is favorable after drainage and adapted antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pietropaoli
- Department of Internal Medecine and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Center of Villefranche sur Saône, Hôpital Nord-Ouest, 39, plateau d'Ouilly-Gleizé, 69655 Villefranche-sur-Saône, France.
| | - Z Cavalli
- Department of Internal Medecine, Regional Hospital Center of Metz-Thionville, Metz, France
| | - E Jouanneau
- Department of Neurosurgery, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Bron, France
| | - A Tristan
- Department of Bacteriology, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - A Conrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - F Ader
- Department of Infectious Diseases, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - J Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Bron, France
| | - C Chidiac
- Department of Infectious Diseases, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - T Ferry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
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Hedrich J, Angamo EA, Conrad A, Lutz B, Luhmann HJ. Cell type specific impact of cannabinoid receptor signaling in somatosensory barrel map formation in mice. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:3-13. [PMID: 31226222 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids and their receptors are highly abundant in the developing cerebral cortex and play major roles in early developmental processes, for example, neuronal proliferation, migration, and axonal guidance as well as postnatal plasticity. To investigate the role of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in the formation of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex, the topographic representation of the whiskers in the primary somatosensory cortex (barrel field) of adult mice with different cell type specific genetic deletion of CB1 was studied. A constitutive absence of CB1 (CB1-KO) significantly decreased the total area of the somatosensory cortical map, affecting barrel, and septal areas. Cell specific CB1 deletion in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons only (Glu-CB1-KO) or in both glutamatergic and forebrain GABAergic neurons (Glu/GABA-CB1-KO) resulted in an increased septa area in the barrel field map. No significant modifications in area parameters could be observed in GABA-CB1-KO mice. These data demonstrate that CB1 signaling especially in cortical glutamatergic neurons is essential for the development of topographic maps in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hedrich
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eskedar A Angamo
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Bricca R, Valour F, Conrad A, Braun E, Jaby P, Bachelet J, Breton P, Gleizal A, Chidiac C, Ferry T. Ostéonécrose de la mâchoire induite par le dénosumab : une infection ostéoarticulaire complexe émergente ? Med Mal Infect 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.04.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aparisi Rey A, Karaulanov E, Sharopov S, Arab K, Schäfer A, Gierl M, Guggenhuber S, Brandes C, Pennella L, Gruhn WH, Jelinek R, Maul C, Conrad A, Kilb W, Luhmann HJ, Niehrs C, Lutz B. Gadd45α modulates aversive learning through post-transcriptional regulation of memory-related mRNAs. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846022. [PMID: 30948457 PMCID: PMC6549022 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning is essential for survival and is controlled by complex molecular mechanisms including regulation of newly synthesized mRNAs that are required to modify synaptic functions. Despite the well‐known role of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in mRNA functionality, their detailed regulation during memory consolidation is poorly understood. This study focuses on the brain function of the RBP Gadd45α (growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein 45 alpha, encoded by the Gadd45a gene). Here, we find that hippocampal memory and long‐term potentiation are strongly impaired in Gadd45a‐deficient mice, a phenotype accompanied by reduced levels of memory‐related mRNAs. The majority of the Gadd45α‐regulated transcripts show unusually long 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) that are destabilized in Gadd45a‐deficient mice via a transcription‐independent mechanism, leading to reduced levels of the corresponding proteins in synaptosomes. Moreover, Gadd45α can bind specifically to these memory‐related mRNAs. Our study reveals a new function for extended 3′UTRs in memory consolidation and identifies Gadd45α as a novel regulator of mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aparisi Rey
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Salim Sharopov
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Guggenhuber
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Brandes
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luigi Pennella
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Jelinek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Maul
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany .,Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Bosch A, Valour F, Dumitrescu O, Dumortier J, Radenne S, Pages-Ecochard M, Chidiac C, Ferry T, Perpoint T, Miailhes P, Conrad A, Goutelle S, Ader F. A practical approach to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in liver transplant recipients in a low-prevalence area. Med Mal Infect 2018; 49:231-240. [PMID: 30591271 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant candidates/recipients are at risk of mycobacterial infections. Although guidelines on the management of latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis are available for solid organ transplant recipients, limited guidance focuses on end-stage liver disease or liver transplant recipients who require management in a referral center. Therapeutic challenges arise from direct antituberculosis drug-related hepatotoxicity, and substantial metabolic interactions between immunosuppressive and antituberculosis drugs. Another issue is the optimal timing of therapy with regards to the time of transplantation. This review focuses on the importance of tuberculosis screening with immunological tests, challenges in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis, as well as risk assessment for active tuberculosis in the critical peri-liver transplantation period. We detail therapeutic adjustments required for the management of antituberculosis drugs in latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis, particularly when concomitantly using rifampicin and immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosch
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - F Valour
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm, U1111, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - O Dumitrescu
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm, U1111, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Institut des agents infectieux, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - J Dumortier
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie et de transplantation hépatique, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, hospices civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - S Radenne
- Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie et de transplantation hépatique, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - M Pages-Ecochard
- Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie et de transplantation hépatique, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - C Chidiac
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm, U1111, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - T Ferry
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm, U1111, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - T Perpoint
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - P Miailhes
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - A Conrad
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm, U1111, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - S Goutelle
- Service de pharmaceutique, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; UMR, CNRS 5558, laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, ISPB, faculté de pharmacie, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - F Ader
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm, U1111, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
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Bajic D, Monory K, Conrad A, Maul C, Schmid RM, Wotjak CT, Stein-Thoeringer CK. Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 in the Brain Regulates the Affective Component of Visceral Pain in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 384:397-405. [PMID: 29885522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids acting through cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) are major modulators of peripheral somatic and visceral nociception. Although only partially studied, some evidence suggests a particular role of CB1 within the brain in nociceptive processes. As the endocannabinoid system regulates affect and emotional behaviors, we hypothesized that cerebral CB1 influences affective processing of visceral pain-related behaviors in laboratory animals. To study nocifensive responses modulated by supraspinal CB1, we used conditional knock-out mice lacking CB1 either in cortical glutamatergic neurons (Glu-CB1-KO), or in forebrain GABAergic neurons (GABA-CB1-KO), or in principal neurons of the forebrain (CaMK-CB1-KO). These mutant mice and mice treated with the CB1 antagonist SR141716 were tested for different pain-related behaviors. In an acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test, supraspinal CB1 deletions did not affect nocifensive responses. In the cerulein-model of acute pancreatitis, mechanical allodynia or hyperalgesia were not changed, but Glu-CB1- and CaMK-CB1-KO mice showed significantly increased facial grimacing scores indicating increased affective responses to this noxious visceral stimulus. Similarly, these brain-specific CB1 KO mice also showed significantly changed thermal nociception in a hot-plate test. These results reveal a novel, and important role of CB1 expressed by cortical glutamatergic neurons in the affective component of visceral nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Bajic
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krisztina Monory
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Maul
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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14
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Clerc A, Becker A, Conrad A, Batailler C, Valour F, Laurent F, Lustig S, Fessy M, Chidiac C, Ferry T. Infection de prothèse et changement en 1 temps : prétraitement par antibiothérapie ciblée chez des patients à risque. Med Mal Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Triffault-Fillit C, Ferry T, Laurent F, Pradat P, Dupieux C, Conrad A, Becker A, Lustig S, Fessy MH, Chidiac C, Valour F. Microbiologic epidemiology depending on time to occurrence of prosthetic joint infection: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:353-358. [PMID: 29803842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The high microbiologic diversity encountered in prosthetic joint infection (PJI) makes the choice of empirical antimicrobial therapies challenging, especially in cases of implant retention or one-stage exchange. Despite the risk of dysbiosis and toxicity, the combination of vancomycin with a broad-spectrum β-lactam is currently recommended in all cases, even if Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) might be less represented in late PJI. In this context, this study aimed to describe the microbiologic epidemiology of PJI according to the chronology of infection. METHODS This prospective cohort study (2011-2016) evaluated the microbiologic aetiology of 567 PJI according to time of occurrence from prosthesis implantation-early (<3 months), delayed (3-12 months) and late (>12 months)-as well as mechanism of acquisition. RESULTS Initial microbiologic documentation (n = 511; 90.1%) disclosed 164 (28.9%) Staphylococcus aureus (including 26 (16.1%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus), 162 (28.6%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (including 81 (59.1%) methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci), 80 (14.1%) Enterobacteriaceae, 74 (13.1%) streptococci and 60 (10.6%) Cutibacterium acnes. Considering nonhaematogenous late PJI (n = 182), Enterobacteriaceae (n = 7; 3.8%) were less represented than in the first year after implantation (n = 56; 17.2%; p <0.001), without difference regarding nonfermenting GNB (4.6% and 2.7%, respectively). The prevalence of anaerobes (n = 40; 21.9%; including 32 (80.0%) C. acnes) was higher in late PJI (p <0.001). Consequently, a broad-spectrum β-lactam might be useful in 12 patients (6.6%) with late PJI only compared to 66 patients (20.3%) with early/delayed PJI (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Considering the minority amount of GNB in late postoperative PJI, the empirical use of a broad-spectrum β-lactam should be reconsidered, especially when a two-stage exchange is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Triffault-Fillit
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.
| | - T Ferry
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Laurent
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service de microbiologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Pradat
- INSERM U1052, Center for Clinical Research, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - C Dupieux
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service de microbiologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Conrad
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Becker
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - S Lustig
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M H Fessy
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Chidiac
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Valour
- Centre de référence interrégional pour la prise en charge des infections ostéo-articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Lyon, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
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16
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Ruiz de Azua I, Mancini G, Srivastava RK, Rey AA, Cardinal P, Tedesco L, Zingaretti CM, Sassmann A, Quarta C, Schwitter C, Conrad A, Wettschureck N, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Hartwig J, Mendez-Lago M, Bindila L, Monory K, Giordano A, Cinti S, Marsicano G, Offermanns S, Nisoli E, Pagotto U, Cota D, Lutz B. Adipocyte cannabinoid receptor CB1 regulates energy homeostasis and alternatively activated macrophages. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4148-4162. [PMID: 29035280 DOI: 10.1172/jci83626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated adipocyte physiology leads to imbalanced energy storage, obesity, and associated diseases, imposing a costly burden on current health care. Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) plays a crucial role in controlling energy metabolism through central and peripheral mechanisms. In this work, adipocyte-specific inducible deletion of the CB1 gene (Ati-CB1-KO) was sufficient to protect adult mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic alterations and to reverse the phenotype in already obese mice. Compared with controls, Ati-CB1-KO mice showed decreased body weight, reduced total adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced energy expenditure, and fat depot-specific cellular remodeling toward lowered energy storage capacity and browning of white adipocytes. These changes were associated with an increase in alternatively activated macrophages concomitant with enhanced sympathetic tone in adipose tissue. Remarkably, these alterations preceded the appearance of differences in body weight, highlighting the causal relation between the loss of CB1 and the triggering of metabolic reprogramming in adipose tissues. Finally, the lean phenotype of Ati-CB1-KO mice and the increase in alternatively activated macrophages in adipose tissue were also present at thermoneutral conditions. Our data provide compelling evidence for a crosstalk among adipocytes, immune cells, and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), wherein CB1 plays a key regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Ruiz de Azua
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giacomo Mancini
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alejandro Aparisi Rey
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pierre Cardinal
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Tedesco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Maria Zingaretti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonia Sassmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Schwitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - V Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jens Hartwig
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krisztina Monory
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Resilience Center, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Schwedler G, Conrad A, Rucic E, Rüther M, Apel P, Kolossa-Gehring M. Beiträge des Human-Biomonitorings zu einer evidenzbasierten Umwelt- und Gesundheitspolitik. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Schwedler
- Umweltbundesamt, Toxikologie, gesundheitsbezogene Umweltbeobachtung, Berlin
| | - A Conrad
- Umweltbundesamt, Toxikologie, gesundheitsbezogene Umweltbeobachtung, Berlin
| | - E Rucic
- Umweltbundesamt, Toxikologie, gesundheitsbezogene Umweltbeobachtung, Berlin
| | - M Rüther
- Umweltbundesamt, Toxikologie, gesundheitsbezogene Umweltbeobachtung, Berlin
| | - P Apel
- Umweltbundesamt, Toxikologie, gesundheitsbezogene Umweltbeobachtung, Berlin
| | - M Kolossa-Gehring
- Umweltbundesamt, Toxikologie, gesundheitsbezogene Umweltbeobachtung, Berlin
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18
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Langlois M, Conrad A, Ducastelle-Lepretre S, Barraco F, Salles G, Roure-Sobas C, Laurent F, Chidiac C, Valour F, Ader F. Importance des caractéristiques hématologiques sur l’immunogénicité vaccinale après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Med Mal Infect 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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de Kleer K, Skrutskie M, Leisenring J, Davies AG, Conrad A, de Pater I, Resnick A, Bailey V, Defrère D, Hinz P, Skemer A, Spalding E, Vaz A, Veillet C, Woodward CE. Multi-phase volcanic resurfacing at Loki Patera on Io. Nature 2017; 545:199-202. [PMID: 28492251 DOI: 10.1038/nature22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Jovian moon Io hosts the most powerful persistently active volcano in the Solar System, Loki Patera. The interior of this volcanic, caldera-like feature is composed of a warm, dark floor covering 21,500 square kilometres surrounding a much cooler central 'island'. The temperature gradient seen across areas of the patera indicates a systematic resurfacing process, which has been seen to occur typically every one to three years since the 1980s. Analysis of past data has indicated that the resurfacing progressed around the patera in an anti-clockwise direction at a rate of one to two kilometres per day, and that it is caused either by episodic eruptions that emplace voluminous lava flows or by a cyclically overturning lava lake contained within the patera. However, spacecraft and telescope observations have been unable to map the emission from the entire patera floor at sufficient spatial resolution to establish the physical processes at play. Here we report temperature and lava cooling age maps of the entire patera floor at a spatial sampling of about two kilometres, derived from ground-based interferometric imaging of thermal emission from Loki Patera obtained on 8 March 2015 ut as the limb of Europa occulted Io. Our results indicate that Loki Patera is resurfaced by a multi-phase process in which two waves propagate and converge around the central island. The different velocities and start times of the waves indicate a non-uniformity in the lava gas content and/or crust bulk density across the patera.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de Kleer
- Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - M Skrutskie
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - J Leisenring
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A G Davies
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - A Conrad
- The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - I de Pater
- Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - A Resnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - V Bailey
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - D Defrère
- Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - P Hinz
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A Skemer
- PBSci-Astronomy and Astrophysics Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - E Spalding
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A Vaz
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - C Veillet
- The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - C E Woodward
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Manning-Geist B, Murphy B, Comeau D, Conrad A, Chao S, Desalegn D, Goedken J. Predictors of medical outcome in 1,712 Ethiopian survivors of
rape. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Valour F, Conrad A, Labussière-Wallet H, Barraco F, Balsat M, Thomas X, Roure-Sobas C, Michallet M, Chidiac C, Ader F. VAC-02 - Réponse vaccinale après greffe allogénique de cellules souches hépatopoïétiques : étude de cohorte prospective. Med Mal Infect 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(16)30528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Jackson KA, Stroika S, Katz LS, Beal J, Brandt E, Nadon C, Reimer A, Major B, Conrad A, Tarr C, Jackson BR, Mody RK. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing and Patient Interviews To Link a Case of Sporadic Listeriosis to Consumption of Prepackaged Lettuce. J Food Prot 2016; 79:806-9. [PMID: 27296429 PMCID: PMC4910634 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on a case of listeriosis in a patient who probably consumed a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product recalled for Listeria monocytogenes contamination. Although definitive epidemiological information demonstrating exposure to the specific recalled product was lacking, the patient reported consumption of a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product of either the recalled brand or a different brand. A multinational investigation found that patient and food isolates from the recalled product were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were highly related by whole genome sequencing, differing by four alleles by whole genome multilocus sequence typing and by five high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting a common source. To our knowledge, this is the first time prepackaged lettuce has been identified as a likely source for listeriosis. This investigation highlights the power of whole genome sequencing, as well as the continued need for timely and thorough epidemiological exposure data to identify sources of foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jackson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
| | - S Stroika
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - L S Katz
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - J Beal
- Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - E Brandt
- Ohio Department of Health Laboratory, 8995 East Main Street, Building 22, Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068, USA
| | - C Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - A Reimer
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - B Major
- Greater Toronto Area Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2301 Midland Avenue, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1P 4R7
| | - A Conrad
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Suite 355, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - C Tarr
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - B R Jackson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - R K Mody
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
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23
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Tobollik M, Steckling N, Mertes H, Claßen T, Popp J, Paetzelt G, Conrad A, Plaß D, Hornberg C, Wintermeyer D. Summary of environmental burden of disease and health care costs analyses for policy advising. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv176.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Renom M, Conrad A, Bascuñana H, Cieza A, Galán I, Kesselring J, Coenen M. Content validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for multiple sclerosis from the perspective of speech and language therapists. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2014; 49:672-686. [PMID: 25134658 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a comprehensive framework to structure the information obtained in multidisciplinary clinical settings according to the biopsychosocial perspective of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and to guide the treatment and rehabilitation process accordingly. It is now undergoing validation from the user perspective for which it has been developed in the first place. AIMS To validate the content of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS from the perspective of speech and language therapists (SLTs) involved in the treatment of persons with MS (PwMS). METHODS & PROCEDURES Within a three-round e-mail-based Delphi Study 34 SLTs were asked about PwMS' problems, resources and aspects of the environment treated by SLTs. Responses were linked to ICF categories. Identified ICF categories were compared with those included in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS to examine its content validity. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Thirty-four SLTs named 524 problems and resources, as well as aspects of environment. Statements were linked to 129 ICF categories (60 Body-functions categories, two Body-structures categories, 42 Activities-&-participation categories, and 25 Environmental-factors categories). SLTs confirmed 46 categories in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set. Twenty-one ICF categories were identified as not-yet-included categories. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This study contributes to the content validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS from the perspective of SLTs. Study participants agreed on a few not-yet-included categories that should be further discussed for inclusion in a revised version of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set to strengthen SLTs' perspective in PwMS' neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Renom
- Unitat de Neurorehabilitació and Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEM-Cat), Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Conrad A, Coenen M, Kesselring J, Cieza A. What explains functioning from the perspective of people with multiple sclerosis? J Neurol 2014; 261:2283-95. [PMID: 25209852 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for MS was developed to capture functioning in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This study examined whether categories in the Brief ICF Core Set for MS best capture different levels of functioning in pwMS. We used data of a multicenter cross-sectional study collected from 205 pwMS using the ICF categories of the MS-specific WHO ICF Checklist and the individual rating of functioning. ICF categories to be entered in an initial regression model were selected following a systematic procedure in accordance with the ICF structure. Based on the initial regression model using stepwise Ordinary Least-Squares regression analyses, additional models were designed by substituting the ICF categories in final model. The selected set of categories was compared with the Brief ICF Core Set for MS. Eleven ICF categories were identified that best differentiate among different levels of functioning. Four were part of the Brief ICF Core Set. ICF categories identified in this study may be used as outcome measures in further study, parameters to monitor functioning along the continuum of health care and lifespan, and to define different subgroups of pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conrad
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology-IBE, Pettenkofer School of Public Health (PSPH LMU), Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Musella A, Sepman H, Mandolesi G, Gentile A, Fresegna D, Haji N, Conrad A, Lutz B, Maccarrone M, Centonze D. Pre- and postsynaptic type-1 cannabinoid receptors control the alterations of glutamate transmission in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:567-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Conrad A, Brunet AS, Hervieu V, Chauvet C, Buron F, Collardeau-Frachon S, Rivet C, Cassier P, Testelin S, Lachaux A, Morelon E, Thaunat O. Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors in a composite tissue allograft and a pediatric liver transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2013; 15:E182-6. [PMID: 24034213 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to establish latent infections in B-lymphocytes that can cause lymphoproliferative disorders particularly in immunocompromised patients. More recently, the development of rare EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors has been reported in transplant recipients. We herein describe 2 new cases of EBV-associated post-transplant smooth muscle tumors (EBV-PTSMT), including the first in a facial composite tissue graft recipient. Among the striking features shared by these 2 patients were their young ages, the fact that they were naïve for EBV before the transplantation, that they developed a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder before the diagnosis of EBV-PTSMT, and that they responded favorably to reduction of immunosuppression. Radiological and histologic features of EBV-PTSMT are shown. Finally, pathophysiology and therapeutic management of EBV-PTSMT are discussed based on a comprehensive review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conrad
- Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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Kolossa-Gehring M, Becker K, Seiwert M, Schwedler G, Fiddicke U, Ißleb S, Conrad A, Schröter-Kermani C, Biot P, Casteleyn L, Joas R. Ergebnisse der EU-Human-Biomonitoring-Projekte COPHES und DEMOCOPHES in Deutschland. Gesundheitswesen 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Conrad A, Schröter-Kermani C, Rüther M, Koch H, Kolossa-Gehring M. Die Umweltprobenbank des Bundes: Die Bedeutung physiologischer Parameter für die Bewertung zeitlicher Trends der internen Schadstoffexposition durch Human-Biomonitoring. Gesundheitswesen 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Conrad A, Biehler D, Nobis T, Richter H, Engels I, Biehler K, Frank U. Broad spectrum antibacterial activity of a mixture of isothiocyanates from nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba) and horseradish (Armoraciae rusticanae radix). Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:65-8. [PMID: 23447075 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates have been reported to exert antimicrobial activity. These compounds are found in a licensed native preparation of nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba) and horseradish (Armoraciae rusticanae radix) which is used for treatment of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections. The aim of our investigation was to assess the antimicrobial activity of a mixture of the contained benzyl-, allyl-, and phenylethyl- isothiocyanates against clinically important bacterial and fungal pathogens including antimicrobial resistant isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed by agar-dilution technique. Isothiocyanates were mixed in proportions identical to the licensed drug. Minimum inhibitory- and minimum bactericidal concentrations were assessed. The Minimum inhibitory concentration90 was defined as the concentration which inhibited 90% of the microbial species tested. H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. marcescens, P. vulgaris, and Candida spp. were found to be highly susceptible, with minimum inhibitory concentration90 -values ranging between ≤0.0005% and 0.004% (v/v) of total ITC. Intermediate susceptibilities were observed for S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with Minimum inhibitory concentration90 -values ranging between 0.004% and 0.125% (v/v), but with elevated Minimum bactericidal concentrations90-values (2-7 dilution steps above Minimum inhibitory concentration90). Low susceptibilities were determined for viridans streptococci and enterococci. Interestingly, both resistant and non-resistant bacteria were similarly susceptible to the test preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conrad
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abdulla S, Conrad A, Vielhaber S, Eckhardt R, Abdulla W. Should a percutaneous dilational tracheostomy be guided with a bronchoscope? B-ENT 2013; 9:227-234. [PMID: 24273954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the complications and practicability of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) with and without video endoscopic guidance in critically ill patients. METHODS In a retrospective review of patients admitted to a multidisciplinary ICU, PDT was performed under bronchoscopic control in 74 patients and without bronchoscopic control in 113 patients. Both groups were evaluated in similar technical conditions. RESULTS Complications in both groups were mostly minor. Bleeding or difficult tracheal cannulation occurred in 8 patients in each group. In patients without bronchoscopy, one major bleeding necessitated a switch to open revision, the Murphy eye was punctured (n = 2) and there was one pneumothorax. Furthermore, similar levels of cuff leaks, loss of airway and minor stoma infections were noted in both groups. All tracheostomies were performed bedside with similar manpower. Operation times were shorter in patients without bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION Our data about PDT in critically ill patients do not indicate any clear-cut difference in complication rates or practicability in the absence of bronchoscopic guidance when adequate skills and experience have been acquired and simple but effective precautions at each step are adopted. However, randomisation and long-term laryngotracheal followup should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abdulla
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Nopoulos P, Mathews K, Paulsen J, Epping E, Conrad A, Perlmutter J, Schlaggar B. I02 Effect of CAG length on motor scores of children at risk for huntington's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303524.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nopoulos P, Lee J, Mathews K, Epping E, Paulsen J, Conrad A. K01 Behaviour assessments in children at risk for huntington's disease. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303524.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nopoulos P, Epping E, Conrad A, Mathews K, Perlmutter J, Schlaggar B, Paulsen J, Byars J, Magnotta V. G04 Brain structure in children at risk for Huntington's disease. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303524.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Conrad A, Coenen M, SchmalZ H, Kesselring J, Cieza A. Validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Multiple Sclerosis from the perspective of occupational therapists. Scand J Occup Ther 2012; 19:468-87. [DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2012.665475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Conrad A, Cosic D, Schmoor C, Dettenkofer M. Safety and tolerability of virucidal hand rubs: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239701 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Steckling N, Claßen T, Mekel O, Schümann M, Schillmöller Z, Conrad A, Samson R, Terschüren C, Popp J, Röttger J, Wintermeyer D, Hornberg C. Anwendung des Environmental Burden of Disease-Ansatzes zur Schätzung der verteilungsbasierten umweltbedingten Krankheitslast in Deutschland. Gesundheitswesen 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Halmos B, Fu P, Pennell NA, Otterson GA, Mekhail T, Snell MR, Kuebler JP, Gadgeel SM, Conrad A, Stefanski AT, Dowlati A. Erlotinib beyond progression study: Randomized phase II study comparing chemotherapy plus erlotinib with chemotherapy alone in EGFR TKI-responsive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that subsequently progresses. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Patel K, Jhaveri R, George J, Qiang G, Kenedi C, Brown K, Cates C, Zekry A, Tillmann HL, Elliott L, Kilaru R, Albrecht J, Conrad A, McHutchison JG. Open-label, ascending dose, prospective cohort study evaluating the antiviral efficacy of Rosuvastatin therapy in serum and lipid fractions in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:331-7. [PMID: 20367801 PMCID: PMC3826439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HMG CoA reductase inhibition suppresses in vitro HCV replication through depletion of cellular sterol proteins such as geranylgeraniol. Our aims were to prospectively evaluate the changes in serum and lipid fraction HCV RNA with Rosuvastatin in non-responder (NR) patients with CHC. A total of 11 patients with CHC genotype-1 received Rosuvastatin at 20 mg qd (weeks 0-4), 40 mg qd (weeks 5-12), with 4 week follow up. Lipid fractions were separated by a sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, HCV RNA determined at wks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 in serum, and in selected very low- (VLDF) to high-density (HDF) lipid fractions. A reduction in LDL and total cholesterol (TC) was not accompanied by significant decline in HCV RNA. At baseline, there was an inverse correlation between HDL and HCV RNA (ρ = -0.45, P = 0.036). At 20 mg, there was correlation between change (Δ) in TG and Δ HCV RNA (ρ = 0.75, P = 0.007), Δ ALT and Δ TC (ρ = -0.64, P = 0.03) and Δ LDL (ρ = -0.67, P = 0.02). At 40 mg, Δ TG maintained a positive correlation with Δ HCV RNA (ρ = 0.65, P = 0.03). There was a group difference for HCV RNA in relation to lipid fractions (P = 0.04) but not study time intervals (P = 0.17); mean log HCV RNA was greater in VLDF compared to HDF (5.81 ± 0.59 vs 5.06 ± 0.67, P = 0.0002) with no other differences to study time intervals (P = 0.099). Short-term Rosuvastatin monotherapy is not associated with significant changes in serum or lipid fraction HCV RNA in NR patients. HCV co-localizes with the lowest density lipid fractions in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Patel
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - R. Jhaveri
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | - J. George
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - G. Qiang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | - C. Kenedi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - K. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - C. Cates
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A. Zekry
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H. L. Tillmann
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - L. Elliott
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R. Kilaru
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J. Albrecht
- National Genetics Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A. Conrad
- National Genetics Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. G McHutchison
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
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Dehghani F, Sayan M, Conrad A, Evers J, Ghadban C, Blaheta R, Korf HW, Hailer NP. Inhibition of microglial and astrocytic inflammatory responses by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011; 36:598-611. [PMID: 20609108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nucleotide depletion induced by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. It remains unclear whether nucleotide depletion directly counteracts neuronal demise or whether it inhibits microglial or astrocytic activation, thereby resulting in indirect neuroprotection. METHODS Effects of MMF on isolated microglial cells, astrocyte/microglial cell co-cultures and isolated hippocampal neurones were analysed by immunocytochemistry, quantitative morphometry, and elisa. RESULTS We found that: (i) MMF suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial secretion of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide; (ii) MMF suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocytic production of tumour necrosis factor-α but not of nitric oxide; (iii) MMF strongly inhibited proliferation of both microglial cells and astrocytes; (iv) MMF did not protect isolated hippocampal neurones from excitotoxic injury; and (v) effects of MMF on glial cells were reversed after treatment with guanosine. CONCLUSIONS Nucleotide depletion induced by MMF inhibits microglial and astrocytic activation. Microglial and astrocytic proliferation is suppressed by MMF-induced inhibition of the salvage pathway enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The previously observed neuroprotection after MMF treatment seems to be indirectly mediated, making this compound an interesting immunosuppressant in the treatment of acute central nervous system lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dehghani
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Institute of Anatomy 2, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Claßen T, Mekel O, Schümann M, Schillmöller Z, Conrad A, Samson R, Steckling N, Terschüren C, Sierig S, Popp J, Wintermeyer D, Hornberg C. Die umweltbedingte Krankheitslast in Deutschland: Verteilungsbasierte Analyse gesundheitlicher Auswirkungen von Umwelt-Stressoren (VegAS). Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Spetzler D, Pawlowski TL, Tinder T, Kimbrough J, Deng T, Kim J, Moran B, Conrad A, Esmay P, Kuslich C. The molecular evolution of prostate cancer cell line exosomes with passage number. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e21071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kaier K, Frank U, Hagist C, Conrad A, Meyer E. The impact of antimicrobial drug consumption and alcohol-based hand rub use on the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing strains: a time-series analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63:609-14. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Becker K, Conrad A, Kirsch N, Kolossa-Gehring M, Schulz C, Seiwert M, Seifert B. German Environmental Survey (GerES): Human biomonitoring as a tool to identify exposure pathways. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210:267-9. [PMID: 17317311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The German Environmental Survey (GerES) is a representative population study and has been repeatedly carried out since the mid-1980s. The currently run survey (GerES IV) is the first one solely targeted on children. The GerES IV Pilot Study resulted in first insights into major exposure pathways relevant to children. These insights were made possible by the determination of pollutant concentrations in blood and urine and the additional consideration of their occurrence in the indoor environment and by using questionnaire data. The results of the GerES IV Pilot Study are presented according to major exposure pathways such as house dust, food and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). An overview on relevant pilot study results is given. The results of GerES IV will permit the verification and substantiation of the pilot study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Becker
- Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Schulz C, Conrad A, Becker K, Kolossa-Gehring M, Seiwert M, Seifert B. Twenty years of the German Environmental Survey (GerES): Human biomonitoring – Temporal and spatial (West Germany/East Germany) differences in population exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210:271-97. [PMID: 17347043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The German Environmental Surveys (GerESs) are nationwide population studies, which have repeatedly been carried out in Germany since the mid-1980s. The subjects were representatively selected from the regional registration offices with regard to age, gender and community size. The first survey for adults (GerES I) was carried out in 1985/1986 (West Germany) followed by GerES IIa in 1990/1991 (West Germany) and GerES IIb in 1991/1992 (East Germany). In GerES II children were also included to some extent. In 1998, the third GerES for adults was conducted in both parts of Germany (GerES III). The current survey 2003/2006 (GerES IV) is focussing exclusively on children. A 1-year pilot study was conducted in 2001-2002 to collect information on parameters influencing the response rate and to test the suitability of the different instruments intended to be used for the main study. The main goal of the surveys is to analyse and document the extent, distribution and determinants of exposure to environmental pollutants of the German general population. Three main instruments of investigation were comprised in GerES: human biomonitoring (HBM), monitoring of the domestic environment, and collecting information on exposure pathways and living conditions via questionnaires. This paper is focussed on the general design of the GerESs, the trend over time and spatial differences (West Germany and East Germany) for HBM data on arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These substances have been determined in blood and/or morning urine of adults and children. All GerESs have been conducted in close connection with the National Health Interview and Examination Surveys performed by the Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schulz
- Federal Environment Agency, Berlin.
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Schulz C, Wolf U, Becker K, Conrad A, Hünken A, Lüdecke A, Müssig-Zufika M, Riedel S, Seiffert I, Seiwert M, Kolossa-Gehring M. Kinder-Umwelt-Survey (KUS) im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:889-94. [PMID: 17514475 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV) is the environment-related module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) of the Robert Koch Institute and the fourth GerES of the Federal Environment Agency. The main objective of GerESs is to analyse and document the extent, distribution and determinants of exposure to environmental pollutants of the German general population. GerES IV was performed from 2003 to 2006. A total of 1.790 children aged 3-14 years from 150 sampling locations participated in GerES IV. Samples of blood, urine, tap water, house dust and indoor air were analysed. Hearing tests, measurements of traffic noise and interviews to get exposure-related information were conducted. First results indicate a clear decrease of the exposure to arsenic, lead and mercury. Cotinine concentrations in urine can be used to classify the exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke. The examination of the tap water used in the subjects' households indicates that in some households the guideline values of the German Drinking Water Ordinance were not always met. This is the case for nickel, copper and lead which are used as pipe material for domestic plumbing.
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Conrad A, Couderchet M, Biagianti-Risbourg S. Analysis of Terbumeton and its Major Metabolites by SPE and DAD-HPLC in Soil Bulk Water. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Conrad A, Dedourge O, Cherrier R, Couderchet M, Biagianti S. Leaching of terbumeton and terbumeton-desethyl from mini-columns packed with soil aggregates in laboratory conditions. Chemosphere 2006; 65:1600-9. [PMID: 16674993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaching of terbumeton (TER) and terbumeton-desethyl (TED) from mini-columns packed with natural soil aggregates was investigated. Five soil samples from the Champagne area (France) with different physicochemical parameters were used. The soil samples were hand-packed into a 50 mm column in laboratory conditions. An aqueous solution of TER or TED was percolated through the column and collected effluents were analyzed for TER or TED using HPLC-DAD. The leaching experiments showed that TER and TED were moderately mobile. TED was more mobile than TER, possibly because of its higher polarity. The proportion of organic matter affected the mobility of TER and TED through soil columns (r=0.971) and leaching was lowest for soil having the highest organic matter content (5.9%). TER and TED were not significantly influenced by leaching solution composition (deionized water or CaCl(2) solution), but were strongly affected by soil packing. Packing resulted in less rapid release of compounds suggesting that unpacking may have contributed to preferential pathways through the soil columns. Increasing contact time between TER and soils before leaching decreased the mobility of TER and increased its persistence in soils. Indeed, 76% of TER was released when leaching started after a 15 h contact time whereas it was down to 26% after an aging treatment of 360 h. A proportion of TER (from 8% to 32%) and TED (from 8% to 17%) remained in soil. Associated to its high stability in soils this could in part account for a very slow transfer over the years towards the groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conrad
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Toxicologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, URVVC UPRES-EA 2069, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France.
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Schulz C, Becker K, Conrad A, Kolossa-Gehring M, Ullrich D, Seiwert M, Seifert B. German Environmental Survey IV: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Exposure of German Children. Epidemiology 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Conrad A, Cadoret A, Corteel P, Leroy P, Block JC. Adsorption/desorption of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) and azoproteins by/from activated sludge flocs. Chemosphere 2006; 62:53-60. [PMID: 15950257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated the adsorption/desorption by/from activated sludge flocs, dispersed in river water or in diluted wastewater, of organic compounds (C(11)-LAS, azoalbumin and azocasein) at concentrations relevant to environmental conditions. Activated sludge flocs, used as a model of biological aggregates, are characterized by a very heterogeneous matrix able to sorb the three organic compounds tested at 4 degrees C. The adsorbed amount of C(11)-LAS by activated sludge flocs was higher than that of azocasein or azoalbumin, as shown by the Freundlich parameters (K(ads)=8.6+/-1.7, 1.6+/-0.3 and 0.3+/-0.1 micromol(1-1/n)g(-1)l(1/n) for C(11)-LAS, azocasein and azoalbumin, respectively; n=3 sludges). C(11)-LAS sorption from activated sludge appeared to be partially reversible in river water, while a marked hysteresis phenomenon was observed for azocasein and azoalbumin, implying a low degree of reversibility in their exchange between activated sludge and river water. It has also been displayed that the conductivity variation of bulk water (comprised between 214 and 838 microS cm(-1)) exerted no dramatic effect on the C(11)-LAS desorption from activated sludge flocs, while a little effect of it on azocasein desorption was observed. Thus, biological aggregates as activated sludge flocs can serve as an intermediate carrier for C(11)-LAS, while it represents a sink for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conrad
- LCPME, UMR 7564 CNRS-Université Henri Poincaré Nancy 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, Pôle de l'Eau, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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