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Dander E, Vinci P, Vetrano S, Recordati C, Piazza R, Fazio G, Bardelli D, Bugatti M, Sozio F, Piontini A, Bonanomi S, Bertola L, Tassistro E, Valsecchi MG, Calza S, Vermi W, Biondi A, Del Prete A, Sozzani S, D'Amico G. The chemerin/CMKLR1 axis regulates intestinal graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:154440. [PMID: 36883565 PMCID: PMC10077469 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Chemerin is a chemotactic protein that recruits leukocytes to inflamed tissues by interacting with ChemR23/CMKLR1, a chemotactic receptor expressed by leukocytes, including macrophages. During acute GvHD, chemerin plasma levels were strongly increased in allo-BM-transplanted mice. The role of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in GvHD was investigated using Cmklr1-KO mice. WT mice transplanted with an allogeneic graft from Cmklr1-KO donors (t-KO) had worse survival and more severe GvHD. Histological analysis demonstrated that the gastrointestinal tract was the organ mostly affected by GvHD in t-KO mice. The severe colitis of t-KO mice was characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage associated with bacterial translocation and exacerbated inflammation. Similarly, Cmklr1-KO recipient mice showed increased intestinal pathology in both allogeneic transplant and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Notably, the adoptive transfer of WT monocytes into t-KO mice mitigated GvHD manifestations by decreasing gut inflammation and T cell activation. In patients, higher chemerin serum levels were predictive of GvHD development. Overall, these results suggest that CMKLR1/chemerin may be a protective pathway for the control of intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Dander
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Vinci
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Unimi, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology Division and Bone Marrow Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Bardelli
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonanomi
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Bertola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Unimi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassistro
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.,Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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2
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Petti L, Rizzo G, Rubbino F, Elangovan S, Colombo P, Restelli S, Piontini A, Arena V, Carvello M, Romano B, Cavalleri T, Anselmo A, Ungaro F, D'Alessio S, Spinelli A, Stifter S, Grizzi F, Sgambato A, Danese S, Laghi L, Malesci A, Vetrano S. Unveiling role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 as a brake of epithelial stem cell proliferation and a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:253. [PMID: 33225975 PMCID: PMC7682101 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) mediates pleiotropic functions encompassing cell proliferation, survival, and migration, which become collectively de-regulated in cancer. Information on whether S1PR2 participates in colorectal carcinogenesis/cancer is scanty, and we set out to fill the gap. Methods We screened expression changes of S1PR2 in human CRC and matched normal mucosa specimens [N = 76]. We compared CRC arising in inflammation-driven and genetically engineered models in wild-type (S1PR2+/+) and S1PR2 deficient (S1PR2−/−) mice. We reconstituted S1PR2 expression in RKO cells and assessed their growth in xenografts. Functionally, we mimicked the ablation of S1PR2 in normal mucosa by treating S1PR2+/+ organoids with JTE013 and characterized intestinal epithelial stem cells isolated from S1PR2−/−Lgr5-EGFP- mice. Results S1PR2 expression was lost in 33% of CRC; in 55%, it was significantly decreased, only 12% retaining expression comparable to normal mucosa. Both colitis-induced and genetic Apc+/min mouse models of CRC showed a higher incidence in size and number of carcinomas and/or high-grade adenomas, with increased cell proliferation in S1PR2−/− mice compared to S1PR2+/+ controls. Loss of S1PR2 impaired mucosal regeneration, ultimately promoting the expansion of intestinal stem cells. Whereas its overexpression attenuated cell cycle progression, it reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and augmented the levels of PTEN. Conclusions In normal colonic crypts, S1PR2 gains expression along with intestinal epithelial cells differentiation, but not in intestinal stem cells, and contrasts intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial differentiation, preventing the expansion of stem cells and braking their malignant transformation. Targeting of S1PR2 may be of therapeutic benefit for CRC expressing high Lgr5. Graphical Abstract. Schematic drawing of the role of S1PR2 in normal mucosa and colorectal cancer. In the normal mucosa, S1PR2 is highly expressed by differentiated cells at the upper region of both colon and intestinal crypts (S1PR2 ON), but not by the undifferentiated stem cell at the base of the crypts (S1PR2 OFF), in which acts as a negative proliferative regulator promoting epithelial differentiation. Its loss leads to the expansion of stem cells and reduced levels of PTEN and Axin-2, two negative regulators respectively of PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling that control β-catenin signaling. The translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus promotes the transcription of target genes involved in the proliferation and malignant transformation. Thereby, S1PR2 works in the intestine as a tumor suppressor ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01740-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Petti
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Sudharshan Elangovan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical, and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Restelli
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carvello
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cavalleri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sanja Stifter
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
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D'Artista L, Bisso A, Piontini A, Doni M, Verrecchia A, Kress TR, Morelli MJ, Del Sal G, Amati B, Campaner S. Pin1 is required for sustained B cell proliferation upon oncogenic activation of Myc. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21786-98. [PMID: 26943576 PMCID: PMC5008323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-myc proto-oncogene is activated by translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma and substitutions in codon 58 stabilize the Myc protein or augment its oncogenic potential. In wild-type Myc, phosphorylation of Ser 62 and Thr 58 provides a landing pad for the peptidyl prolyl-isomerase Pin1, which in turn promotes Ser 62 dephosphorylation and Myc degradation. However, the role of Pin1 in Myc-induced lymphomagenesis remains unknown. We show here that genetic ablation of Pin1 reduces lymphomagenesis in Eμ-myc transgenic mice. In both Pin1-deficient B-cells and MEFs, the proliferative response to oncogenic Myc was selectively impaired, with no alterations in Myc-induced apoptosis or mitogen-induced cell cycle entry. This proliferative defect wasn't attributable to alterations in either Ser 62 phosphorylation or Myc-regulated transcription, but instead relied on the activity of the ARF-p53 pathway. Pin1 silencing in lymphomas retarded disease progression in mice, making Pin1 an attractive therapeutic target in Myc-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana D'Artista
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bisso
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Doni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Verrecchia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Theresia R Kress
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
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Ungaro F, Tacconi C, Massimino L, Corsetto PA, Correale C, Fonteyne P, Piontini A, Garzarelli V, Calcaterra F, Della Bella S, Spinelli A, Carvello M, Rizzo AM, Vetrano S, Petti L, Fiorino G, Furfaro F, Mavilio D, Maddipati KR, Malesci A, Peyrin-Biroulet L, D'Alessio S, Danese S. MFSD2A Promotes Endothelial Generation of Inflammation-Resolving Lipid Mediators and Reduces Colitis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1363-1377.e6. [PMID: 28827082 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in signaling pathways that regulate resolution of inflammation (resolving pathways) contribute to pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The resolution process is regulated by lipid mediators, such as those derived from the ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whose esterified form is transported by the major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (MFSD2A) through the endothelium of brain, retina, and placenta. We investigated if and how MFSD2A regulates lipid metabolism of gut endothelial cells to promote resolution of intestinal inflammation. METHODS We performed lipidomic and functional analyses of MFSD2A in mucosal biopsies and primary human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) isolated from surgical specimens from patients with active, resolving UC and healthy individuals without UC (controls). MFSD2A was knocked down in HIMECs with small hairpin RNAs or overexpressed from a lentiviral vector. Human circulating endothelial progenitor cells that overexpress MFSD2A were transferred to CD1 nude mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, with or without oral administration of DHA. RESULTS Colonic biopsies from patients with UC had reduced levels of inflammation-resolving DHA-derived epoxy metabolites compared to healthy colon tissues or tissues with resolution of inflammation. Production of these metabolites by HIMECs required MFSD2A, which is required for DHA retention and metabolism in the gut vasculature. In mice with colitis, transplanted endothelial progenitor cells that overexpressed MFSD2A not only localized to the inflamed mucosa but also restored the ability of the endothelium to resolve intestinal inflammation, compared with mice with colitis that did not receive MFSD2A-overexpressing endothelial progenitors. CONCLUSIONS Levels of DHA-derived epoxides are lower in colon tissues from patients with UC than healthy and resolving mucosa. Production of these metabolites by gut endothelium requires MFSD2A; endothelial progenitor cells that overexpress MFSD2A reduce colitis in mice. This pathway might be induced to resolve intestinal inflammation in patients with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ungaro
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacogenomics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Massimino
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Correale
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Garzarelli
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carvello
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Petti
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Furfaro
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipdomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U954 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, France
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Mion F, Vetrano S, Tonon S, Valeri V, Piontini A, Burocchi A, Petti L, Frossi B, Gulino A, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Pucillo CE. Reciprocal influence of B cells and tumor macro and microenvironments in the ApcMin/+ model of colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1336593. [PMID: 28919998 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1336593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of the immune system is its dynamism, meant as the ability to change and readapt according to the organism needs. Following an insult, we assist to the spontaneous organization of different immune cells which cooperate, locally and at distance, to build up an appropriate response. Throughout tumor progression, adaptations within the systemic tumor environment, or macroenvironment, result in the promotion of tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis to distal organs, but also to dramatic changes in the activity and composition of the immune system. In this work, we show the changes of the B-cell arm of the immune system following tumor progression in the ApcMin/+ model of colorectal cancer. Tumor macroenvironment leads to an increased proportion of total and IL-10-competent B cells in draining LNs while activates a differentiation route that leads to the expansion of IgA+ lymphocytes in the spleen and peritoneum. Importantly, serum IgA levels were significantly higher in ApcMin/+ than Wt mice. The peculiar involvement of IgA response in the adenomatous transformation had correlates in the gut-mucosal compartment where IgA-positive elements increased from normal mucosa to areas of low grade dysplasia while decreasing upon overt carcinomatous transformation. Altogether, our findings provide a snapshot of the tumor education of B lymphocytes in the ApcMin/+ model of colorectal cancer. Understanding how tumor macroenvironment affects the differentiation, function and distribution of B lymphocytes is pivotal to the generation of specific therapies, targeted to switching B cells to an anti-, rather than pro-, tumoral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mion
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Tonon
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Viviana Valeri
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Burocchi
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciana Petti
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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6
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Genua M, Ingangi V, Fonteyne P, Piontini A, Yousif AM, Merlino F, Grieco P, Malesci A, Carriero MV, Danese S. Treatment with a Urokinase Receptor-derived Cyclized Peptide Improves Experimental Colitis by Preventing Monocyte Recruitment and Macrophage Polarization. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2390-401. [PMID: 27537052 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte migration across the blood barrier and into tissues represents a key process in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. The urokinase receptor (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor) is a master regulator of leukocyte recruitment. We recently found that cyclization of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-derived peptide Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-Tyr [SRSRY] inhibits transendothelial migration of monocytes. Now, we have explored the effects of [SRSRY] administration during experimental colitis. METHODS The effects of [SRSRY] on cytokine profile, cytoskeletal organization, and cell migration were investigated using phorbol-12-myristate acetate-differentiated THP-1 cells exposed to polarizing stimuli. In vivo, [SRSRY] was intraperitoneally administered during dextran sodium sulfate- or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in wild-type or urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor knockout mice. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory monocytes in mucosal infiltrates were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS [SRSRY] prevents M0 to M1 transition and migration of M1 polarized macrophages. In vivo, [SRSRY] reduces intestinal inflammation diminishing body weight loss and disease activity index. These beneficial effects are accompanied by a reduction of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, an increase of interleukin 10, and an abridged recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to the inflamed tissue. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings indicate that [SRSRY] may be considered as a new drug useful for the pharmacological treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Genua
- *IBD Center, Humanitas Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy; †Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; ‡Neoplastic Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale," Naples, Italy; §SUN, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; ‖Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy; and ¶Hunimed-Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Tonelli C, Morelli MJ, Sabò A, Piontini A, Pelizzola M, Campaner S, Amati B. Abstract B10: Genome-wide analysis of p53 transcriptional programs in Myc-induced lymphomas. Mol Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.myc15-b10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of Myc induces cellular transformation and hyper-proliferation, while it activates intrinsic tumor surveillance pathways aimed at restraining the expansion of pre-cancerous cells. All these Myc-induced tumor suppressive mechanisms converge on p53, and loss of p53 activity is the major selected event in lymphomagenesis. Yet, the genetic programs triggered by p53 in tumor suppression have been only partially clarified. Using whole genome mapping of p53 binding and gene expression profiling, we investigated the transcriptional circuitry employed by p53 in suppressing cancer development. We studied the progression of Myc-induced lymphomas in Eµ-myc transgenic mice, as well as the regression of these lymphomas following restoration of p53 function, by either pharmacological or genetic means. We thus identified a set of p53 target genes that are strong candidates for mediating tumor suppression. Currently, we are testing the impact of these new components of the p53 transcriptional program on tumorigenesis with an RNA interference (RNAi)-based functional genetic screen. Altogether our data expand our understanding of the p53 response to Myc-induced oncogenic stress and will hopefully highlight new tumor suppressive mechanisms, paving the way for their therapeutic application.
Citation Format: Claudia Tonelli, Marco J. Morelli, Arianna Sabò, Andrea Piontini, Mattia Pelizzola, Stefano Campaner, Bruno Amati. Genome-wide analysis of p53 transcriptional programs in Myc-induced lymphomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arianna Sabò
- 2Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Milan, Italy,
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D'Artista L, Piontini A, Kress T, Morelli M, Verrecchia A, Doni M, Campaner S, Amati B. Abstract B03: Pin1 is required for sustained B cell proliferation upon oncogenic activation of Myc. Mol Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.myc15-b03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The c-myc proto-oncogene is activated by translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma, where it is also frequently subject to secondary mutations. Substitutions in codon 58, in particular, stabilize the Myc protein and augment its oncogenic potential. In wild-type Myc, phosphorylation of Ser 62 primes phosphorylation of Thr 58, providing a landing pad for the peptidyl prolyl-isomerase Pin1, which in turn promotes Ser 62 dephosphorylation and Myc degradation. However, genetic data are missing to address whether Pin1 influences Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Here, we show that genetic ablation of Pin1 in Eµ-myc transgenic mice starkly reduced lymphoma onset and penetrance. In pre-malignant Pin1 deficient B cells, the proliferative response to Myc was selectively impaired, while Myc-induced apoptosis was intact. This phenotype was not the result of deregulated levels of Ser 62 phosphorylation in the Pin1-/- background. Similar results were observed in Pin1-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), where prolonged Myc activation inhibited proliferation. In either B cells or MEFs, loss of Pin1 did not affect mitogen-induced cell cycle entry, an effect that relies on endogenous Myc activity. Thus, our data unravel the existence of a synthetic-lethal interaction between deletion of Pin1 and oncogenic activation of Myc. Myc-induced oncogenic stress is linked to the induction of the Arf/p53 pathway, which is critical for tumor suppression in Eµ-myc mice. The selective pressure to inactivate Arf/p53 axis was preserved in Eµ-myc Pin1-/- lymphomas. In the absence of Arf or p53, the Pin1 deletion no longer reduced Myc-induced tumorigenesis or proliferation. Thus the proliferative arrest of pre-tumoral Eµ-myc Pin1-/- B cells required an active ARF-p53 dependent cytostatic response. Our data demonstrate that Pin1 is required to support the oncogenic activity of Myc in B cells and warrant further assessment of Pin1 as a therapeutic target in Myc-dependent malignancies.
Citation Format: Luana D'Artista, Andrea Piontini, Theresia Kress, Marco Morelli, Alessandro Verrecchia, Mirko Doni, Stefano Campaner, Bruno Amati. Pin1 is required for sustained B cell proliferation upon oncogenic activation of Myc. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana D'Artista
- 1Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy,
| | | | - Theresia Kress
- 1Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy,
| | - Marco Morelli
- 1Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy,
| | | | - Mirko Doni
- 2European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy,
| | - Stefano Campaner
- 1Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy,
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Ferraris GMS, Schulte C, Buttiglione V, De Lorenzi V, Piontini A, Galluzzi M, Podestà A, Madsen CD, Sidenius N. The interaction between uPAR and vitronectin triggers ligand-independent adhesion signalling by integrins. EMBO J 2014; 33:2458-72. [PMID: 25168639 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a non-integrin vitronectin (VN) cell adhesion receptor linked to the plasma membrane by a glycolipid anchor. Through structure-function analyses of uPAR, VN and integrins, we document that uPAR-mediated cell adhesion to VN triggers a novel type of integrin signalling that is independent of integrin-matrix engagement. The signalling is fully active on VN mutants deficient in integrin binding site and is also efficiently transduced by integrins deficient in ligand binding. Although integrin ligation is dispensable, signalling is crucially dependent upon an active conformation of the integrin and its association with intracellular adaptors such as talin. This non-canonical integrin signalling is not restricted to uPAR as it poses no structural constraints to the receptor mediating cell attachment. In contrast to canonical integrin signalling, where integrins form direct mechanical links between the ECM and the cytoskeleton, the molecular mechanism enabling the crosstalk between non-integrin adhesion receptors and integrins is dependent upon membrane tension. This suggests that for this type of signalling, the membrane represents a critical component of the molecular clutch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Buttiglione
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chris D Madsen
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolai Sidenius
- Unit of Cell Matrix Signalling, IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Sanchez-Arévalo Lobo VJ, Doni M, Verrecchia A, Sanulli S, Fagà G, Piontini A, Bianchi M, Conacci-Sorrell M, Mazzarol G, Peg V, Losa JH, Ronchi P, Ponzoni M, Eisenman RN, Doglioni C, Amati B. Dual regulation of Myc by Abl. Oncogene 2013; 32:5261-71. [PMID: 23318434 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase c-Abl (or Abl) and the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 cooperatively activate the transcription factor p73 by enhancing recruitment of the acetyltransferase p300. As the transcription factor c-Myc (or Myc) is a known target of Pin1 and p300, we hypothesized that it might be regulated in a similar manner. Consistent with this hypothesis, overexpression of Pin1 augmented the interaction of Myc with p300 and transcriptional activity. The action of Abl, however, was more complex than predicted. On one hand, Abl indirectly enhanced phosphorylation of Myc on Ser 62 and Thr 58, its association with Pin1 and p300 and its acetylation by p300. These effects of Abl were exerted through phosphorylation of substrate(s) other than Myc itself. On the other hand, Abl interacted with the C-terminal domain of Myc and phosphorylated up to five tyrosine residues in its N-terminus, the principal of which was Y74. Indirect immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical staining suggested that the Y74-phosphorylated form of Myc (Myc-pY74) localized to the cytoplasm and coexisted either with active Abl in a subset of mammary carcinomas or with Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia. In all instances, Myc-pY74 constituted a minor fraction of the cellular Myc protein. Thus, our data unravel two potential effects of Abl on Myc: first, Abl signaling can indirectly augment acetylation of Myc by p300, and most likely also its transcriptional activity in the nucleus; second, Abl can directly phosphorylate Myc on tyrosine: the resulting form of Myc appears to be cytoplasmic, and its presence correlates with Abl activation in cancer.
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