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Dawit H, Lam E, McInnes MDF, van der Pol CB, Bashir MR, Salameh JP, Levis B, Sirlin CB, Chernyak V, Choi SH, Kim SY, Fraum TJ, Tang A, Jiang H, Song B, Wang J, Wilson SR, Kwon H, Kierans AS, Joo I, Ronot M, Song JS, Podgórska J, Rosiak G, Kang Z, Allen BC, Costa AF. LI-RADS CT and MRI Ancillary Feature Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Malignancy: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2024; 310:e231501. [PMID: 38376399 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Background The independent contribution of each Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) CT or MRI ancillary feature (AF) has not been established. Purpose To evaluate the association of LI-RADS AFs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and malignancy while adjusting for LI-RADS major features through an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus were searched from January 2014 to January 2022 for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI for HCC using LI-RADS version 2014, 2017, or 2018. Using a one-step approach, IPD across studies were pooled. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were derived from multivariable logistic regression models of each AF combined with major features except threshold growth (excluded because of infrequent reporting). Liver observation clustering was addressed at the study and participant levels through random intercepts. Risk of bias was assessed using a composite reference standard and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Results Twenty studies comprising 3091 observations (2456 adult participants; mean age, 59 years ± 11 [SD]; 1849 [75.3%] men) were included. In total, 89% (eight of nine) of AFs favoring malignancy were associated with malignancy and/or HCC, 80% (four of five) of AFs favoring HCC were associated with HCC, and 57% (four of seven) of AFs favoring benignity were negatively associated with HCC and/or malignancy. Nonenhancing capsule (OR = 3.50 [95% CI: 1.53, 8.01]) had the strongest association with HCC. Diffusion restriction (OR = 14.45 [95% CI: 9.82, 21.27]) and mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity (OR = 10.18 [95% CI: 7.17, 14.44]) had the strongest association with malignancy. The strongest negative associations with HCC were parallels blood pool enhancement (OR = 0.07 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.49]) and marked T2 hyperintensity (OR = 0.18 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.45]). Seventeen studies (85%) had a high risk of bias. Conclusion Most LI-RADS AFs were independently associated with HCC, malignancy, or benignity as intended when adjusting for major features. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Crivellaro in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haben Dawit
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Eric Lam
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Brooke Levis
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Bin Song
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Stephanie R Wilson
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Heejin Kwon
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Ijin Joo
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Zhen Kang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Andreu F Costa
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
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Goins SM, Jiang H, van der Pol CB, Salameh JP, Lam E, Adamo RG, McInnes MDF, Costa AF, Clarke C, Choi SH, Fraum TJ, Ludwig DR, Song B, Joo I, Kierans AS, Kim SY, Kwon H, Podgórska J, Rosiak G, Bashir MR. Comparative Performance of 2018 LI-RADS versus Modified LIRADS (mLI-RADS): An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 38038346 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LI-RADS version 2018 (v2018) is used for non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A recently proposed modification (known as mLI-RADS) demonstrated improved sensitivity while maintaining specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of LI-RADS category 5 (definite HCC) for HCC. However, mLI-RADS requires multicenter validation. PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of v2018 and mLI-RADS for liver lesions in a large, heterogeneous, multi-national cohort of patients at risk for HCC. STUDY TYPE Systematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD) [Study Protocol: https://osf.io/duys4]. POPULATION 2223 observations from 1817 patients (includes all LI-RADS categories; females = 448, males = 1361, not reported = 8) at elevated risk for developing HCC (based on LI-RADS population criteria) from 12 retrospective studies. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T and 3T; complete liver MRI with gadoxetate disodium, including axial T2w images and dynamic axial fat-suppressed T1w images precontrast and in the arterial, portal venous, transitional, and hepatobiliary phases. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used when available. ASSESSMENT Liver observations were categorized using v2018 and mLI-RADS. The diagnostic performance of each system's category 5 (LR-5 and mLR-5) for HCC were compared. STATISTICAL TESTS The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 (QUADAS-2 was applied to determine risk of bias and applicability. Diagnostic performances were assessed using the likelihood ratio test for sensitivity and specificity and the Wald test for PPV. The significance level was P < 0.05. RESULTS 17% (2/12) of the studies were considered low risk of bias (244 liver observations; 164 patients). When compared to v2018, mLR-5 demonstrated higher sensitivity (61.3% vs. 46.5%, P < 0.001), similar PPV (85.3% vs. 86.3%, P = 0.89), and similar specificity (85.8% vs. 90.8%, P = 0.16) for HCC. DATA CONCLUSION This study confirms mLR-5 has higher sensitivity than LR-5 for HCC identification, while maintaining similar PPV and specificity, validating the mLI-RADS proposal in a heterogeneous, international cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Goins
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Lam
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert G Adamo
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology uOttawa, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christopher Clarke
- Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel R Ludwig
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Goins SM, Jiang H, van der Pol CB, Salameh JP, Lam E, Adamo RG, McInnes MDF, Costa AF, Tang A, Alhasan AS, Allen BC, Reiner CS, Clarke C, Cerny M, Wang J, Choi SH, Fraum TJ, Ludwig DR, Song B, Joo I, Kang Z, Kierans AS, Kim SY, Kwon H, Ronot M, Podgórska J, Rosiak G, Song JS, Bashir MR. Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of LR-5 in LI-RADS Version 2018 versus Revised LI-RADS for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis. Radiology 2023; 309:e231656. [PMID: 38112549 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background A simplification of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018 (v2018), revised LI-RADS (rLI-RADS), has been proposed for imaging-based diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Single-site data suggest that rLI-RADS category 5 (rLR-5) improves sensitivity while maintaining positive predictive value (PPV) of the LI-RADS v2018 category 5 (LR-5), which indicates definite HCC. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS v2018 and rLI-RADS in a multicenter data set of patients at risk for HCC by performing an individual patient data meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Multiple databases were searched for studies published from January 2014 to January 2022 that evaluated the diagnostic performance of any version of LI-RADS at CT or MRI for diagnosing HCC. An individual patient data meta-analysis method was applied to observations from the identified studies. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 was applied to determine study risk of bias. Observations were categorized according to major features and either LI-RADS v2018 or rLI-RADS assignments. Diagnostic accuracies of category 5 for each system were calculated using generalized linear mixed models and compared using the likelihood ratio test for sensitivity and the Wald test for PPV. Results Twenty-four studies, including 3840 patients and 4727 observations, were analyzed. The median observation size was 19 mm (IQR, 11-30 mm). rLR-5 showed higher sensitivity compared with LR-5 (70.6% [95% CI: 60.7, 78.9] vs 61.3% [95% CI: 45.9, 74.7]; P < .001), with similar PPV (90.7% vs 92.3%; P = .55). In studies with low risk of bias (n = 4; 1031 observations), rLR-5 also achieved a higher sensitivity than LR-5 (72.3% [95% CI: 63.9, 80.1] vs 66.9% [95% CI: 58.2, 74.5]; P = .02), with similar PPV (83.1% vs 88.7%; P = .47). Conclusion rLR-5 achieved a higher sensitivity for identifying HCC than LR-5 while maintaining a comparable PPV at 90% or more, matching the results presented in the original rLI-RADS study. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Sirlin and Chernyak in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Goins
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Eric Lam
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Robert G Adamo
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Andreu F Costa
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Ayman S Alhasan
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Caecilia S Reiner
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Christopher Clarke
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Milena Cerny
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Daniel R Ludwig
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Bin Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Ijin Joo
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Zhen Kang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Heejin Kwon
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
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van der Pol CB, McInnes MDF, Salameh JP, Levis B, Chernyak V, Sirlin CB, Bashir MR, Allen BC, Burke LMB, Choi JY, Choi SH, Forner A, Fraum TJ, Giamperoli A, Jiang H, Joo I, Kang Z, Kierans AS, Kang HJ, Khatri G, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Kim YY, Kwon H, Lee JM, Lewis SC, McGinty KA, Mulazzani L, Park MS, Piscaglia F, Podgórska J, Reiner CS, Ronot M, Rosiak G, Song B, Song JS, Tang A, Terzi E, Wang J, Wang W, Wilson SR, Yokoo T. CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS Major Features Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2023; 307:e239005. [PMID: 36972185 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.239005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Kierans AS, Chernyak V, Mendiratta-Lala M, Sirlin CB, Hecht EM, Fowler KJ. The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network hepatocellular carcinoma classification: Alignment with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, current gaps, and future direction. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:206-216. [PMID: 37160075 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) updated its allocation policy for liver transplantation to align with the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LI-RADS computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging algorithm had achieved congruency with the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) HCC Practice Guidance in 2018, and therefore, alignment of OPTN, LI-RADS, and AASLD unifies HCC diagnostic approaches. The two changes to the OPTN HCC classification are adoption of LI-RADS terminology or lexicon for HCC major imaging features as well as the modification of OPTN Class-5A through the adoption of LI-RADS-5 criteria. However, despite this significant milestone, the OPTN allocation policy may benefit from further refinements such as adoption of treatment response assessment criteria after locoregional therapy and categorization criteria for lesions with atypical imaging appearances that are not specific for HCC. In this review, we detail the changes to the OPTN HCC classification to achieve alignment with LI-RADS, discuss current limitations of the OPTN classification, and explore future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York , USA
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Claude B Sirlin
- Department of Radiology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California , USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York , USA
| | - Kathryn J Fowler
- Department of Radiology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California , USA
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Kierans AS, Lafata KJ, Ludwig DR, Burke LMB, Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Fraum TJ, McGinty KA, McInnes MDF, Mendiratta-Lala M, Cunha GM, Allen BC, Hecht EM, Jaffe TA, Kalisz KR, Ranathunga DS, Wildman-Tobriner B, Cardona DM, Aslam A, Gaur S, Bashir MR. Comparing Survival Outcomes of Patients With LI-RADS-M Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:308-317. [PMID: 35512243 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a sparsity of data evaluating outcomes of patients with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) (LR)-M lesions. PURPOSE To compare overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) meeting LR-M criteria and to evaluate factors associated with prognosis. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Patients at risk for HCC with at least one LR-M lesion with histologic diagnosis, from 8 academic centers, yielding 120 patients with 120 LR-M lesions (84 men [mean age 62 years] and 36 women [mean age 66 years]). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 1.5 and 3.0 T/3D T1 -weighted gradient echo, T2 -weighted fast spin-echo. ASSESSMENT The imaging categorization of each lesion as LR-M was made clinically by a single radiologist at each site and patient outcome measures were collected. STATISTICAL TESTS OS, PFS, and potential independent predictors were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard model. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 120 patients with 120 LR-M lesions were included; on histology 65 were HCC and 55 were iCCA. There was similar median OS for patients with LR-M HCC compared to patients with iCCA (738 days vs. 769 days, P = 0.576). There were no significant differences between patients with HCC and iCCA in terms of sex (47:18 vs. 37:18, P = 0.549), age (63.0 ± 8.4 vs. 63.4 ± 7.8, P = 0.847), etiology of liver disease (P = 0.202), presence of cirrhosis (100% vs. 100%, P = 1.000), tumor size (4.73 ± 3.28 vs. 4.75 ± 2.58, P = 0.980), method of lesion histologic diagnosis (P = 0.646), and proportion of patients who underwent locoregional therapy (60.0% vs. 38.2%, P = 0.100) or surgery (134.8 ± 165.5 vs. 142.5 ± 205.6, P = 0.913). Using multivariable analysis, nonsurgical compared to surgical management (HR, 4.58), larger tumor size (HR, 1.19), and higher MELD score (HR, 1.12) were independently associated with worse OS. DATA CONCLUSION There was similar OS in patients with LR-M HCC and LR-M iCCA, suggesting that LR-M imaging features may more closely reflect patient outcomes than histology. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle J Lafata
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Ludwig
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren M B Burke
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn J Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katrina A McGinty
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- Department of Radiology, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian C Allen
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracy A Jaffe
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin R Kalisz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anum Aslam
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sonia Gaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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van der Pol CB, McInnes MDF, Salameh JP, Levis B, Chernyak V, Sirlin CB, Bashir MR, Allen BC, Burke LMB, Choi JY, Choi SH, Forner A, Fraum TJ, Giamperoli A, Jiang H, Joo I, Kang Z, Kierans AS, Kang HJ, Khatri G, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Kim YY, Kwon H, Lee JM, Lewis SC, McGinty KA, Mulazzani L, Park MS, Piscaglia F, Podgórska J, Reiner CS, Ronot M, Rosiak G, Song B, Song JS, Tang A, Terzi E, Wang J, Wang W, Wilson SR, Yokoo T. CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS Major Features Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2022; 302:326-335. [PMID: 34783596 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021211244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) assigns a risk category for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to imaging observations. Establishing the contributions of major features can inform the diagnostic algorithm. Purpose To perform a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to establish the probability of HCC for each LI-RADS major feature using CT/MRI and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) LI-RADS in patients at high risk for HCC. Materials and Methods Multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus) were searched for studies from January 2014 to September 2019 that evaluated the accuracy of CT, MRI, and CEUS for HCC detection using LI-RADS (CT/MRI LI-RADS, versions 2014, 2017, and 2018; CEUS LI-RADS, versions 2016 and 2017). Data were centralized. Clustering was addressed at the study and patient levels using mixed models. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were determined for each major feature using multivariable stepwise logistic regression. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42020164486). Results A total of 32 studies were included, with 1170 CT observations, 3341 MRI observations, and 853 CEUS observations. At multivariable analysis of CT/MRI LI-RADS, all major features were associated with HCC, except threshold growth (OR, 1.6; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.6; P = .07). Nonperipheral washout (OR, 13.2; 95% CI: 9.0, 19.2; P = .01) and nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) (OR, 10.3; 95% CI: 6.7, 15.6; P = .01) had stronger associations with HCC than enhancing capsule (OR, 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.5; P = .03). On CEUS images, APHE (OR, 7.3; 95% CI: 4.6, 11.5; P = .01), late and mild washout (OR, 4.1; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.6; P = .01), and size of at least 20 mm (OR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.5; P = .04) were associated with HCC. Twenty-five studies (78%) had high risk of bias due to reporting ambiguity or study design flaws. Conclusion Most Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System major features had different independent associations with hepatocellular carcinoma; for CT/MRI, arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout had the strongest associations, whereas threshold growth had no association. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B van der Pol
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Brooke Levis
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Lauren M B Burke
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Alejandro Forner
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Alice Giamperoli
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Ijin Joo
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Zhen Kang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Kang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Gaurav Khatri
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Myeong-Jin Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Yeun-Yoon Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Heejin Kwon
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Sara C Lewis
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Katrina A McGinty
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Lorenzo Mulazzani
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Mi-Suk Park
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Caecilia S Reiner
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Bin Song
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Eleonora Terzi
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Stephanie R Wilson
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
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Borhani AA, Elsayes KM, Catania R, Kambadakone A, Furlan A, Kierans AS, Kamath A, Harmath C, Horvat N, Humar A, Kielar AZ. Imaging Evaluation of Living Liver Donor Candidates: Techniques, Protocols, and Anatomy. Radiographics 2021; 41:1572-1591. [PMID: 34597229 PMCID: PMC9478886 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The need for liver transplants is increasing because the prevalence of liver diseases and the indications for transplants are growing. In response to the shortage of grafts from deceased donors, more transplants are being performed worldwide with grafts from living donors. Radiologic evaluation is an integral component in the assessment of donor candidates to ensure their eligibility and to choose the most appropriate surgical approach. MRI is the preferred modality for evaluation of the liver parenchyma and biliary tree. In most centers, a combination of MRI and CT is used to take advantage of the higher spatial resolution of CT for evaluation of arteries. However, MRI-only assessment is feasible. In addition to assessment of the liver parenchyma for abnormalities such as steatosis, a detailed evaluation of the hepatic vascular and biliary system for pertinent anatomic variants is crucial, because these variants can affect surgical techniques and outcomes in both recipients and donors. In this pictorial article, after a brief review of the most common surgical techniques and postsurgical liver anatomy, the biliary and vascular anatomy are discussed, with specific attention paid to the variants that are pertinent to this surgical procedure. The roles of liver segmentation and volumetric assessment and current imaging techniques and protocols are also discussed. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Borhani
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Khaled M. Elsayes
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Roberta Catania
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Andrea S. Kierans
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Amita Kamath
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Carla Harmath
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Natally Horvat
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Abhinav Humar
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
| | - Ania Z. Kielar
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, 676 N Saint Clair St, Arkes Family Pavilion, Suite 800,
Chicago, IL 60611 (A.A.B., R.C.); Departments of Radiology (A.A.B., A.F.) and
Surgery (A.H.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa;
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Kambadakone); Department of
Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of
Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A. Kamath);
Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
(C.H.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, NY, and Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil (N.H.); and Department of Radiology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.)
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9
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Kierans AS, Najjar M, Dutruel SP, Gavlin A, Chen C, Lee MJ, Askin G, Halazun KJ. Evaluation of the LI-RADS treatment response algorithm in hepatocellular carcinoma after trans-arterial chemoembolization. Clin Imaging 2021; 80:117-122. [PMID: 34303189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS treatment response algorithm (LR-TRA) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) for the detection of viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on MRI after trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study includes cirrhotic patients that underwent trans-arterial chemoembolization prior to liver transplantation from 2013 to 2017 with a pre- and post-treatment MRI available. Three blinded readers assigned a LR-TRA and mRECIST category to each lesion. Lesions on MRI and explant pathology were matched and characterized as complete (100% necrosis) or incomplete necrosis (≤99% necrosis). Diagnostic performance of LR-TRA and mRECIST were calculated with a generalized estimating equation. RESULTS A total of 52 patients with 71 lesions were included, 47 with incomplete and 24 with complete necrosis. In consensus, 45 lesions were categorized as LR-TR Nonviable, of which 62.2% (28/45) had incomplete and 37.8% (17/45) had complete necrosis. Six lesions were categorized as LR-TR Equivocal, of which 33.3% (2/6) had incomplete and 66.7% (4/6) had complete necrosis. Twenty lesions were categorized as LR-TR Viable of which 85.0% (17/20) had incomplete and 15.0% (3/20) had complete necrosis. The sensitivity of LR-TR Viable for detecting incompletely necrotic tumor when LR-TR Equivocal was considered as viable, in consensus was 40.4%; specificity 70.8%; accuracy 50.7%. The sensitivity of mRECIST for detecting incompletely necrotic tumor was 37.0%; specificity 79.2%; accuracy 51.4%. There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance between mRECIST and LR-TRA (p = 0.14-0.33). Agreement for LR-TRA category was moderate (k = 0.53 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.67]). CONCLUSION LI-RADS treatment response algorithm demonstrates high specificity and low to moderate sensitivity for the detection of viable HCC after TACE in a North American cirrhotic cohort, without significant difference in diagnostic performance between LR-TRA and mRECIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Radiology, United States of America.
| | - Marc Najjar
- Columbia University Medical Center, Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, United States of America
| | - Silvina P Dutruel
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Radiology, United States of America
| | - Alexander Gavlin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Radiology, United States of America
| | - Christine Chen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Radiology, United States of America
| | - Michael J Lee
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, United States of America
| | - Gulce Askin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Population Health Sciences, United States of America
| | - Karim J Halazun
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, United States of America
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10
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Gavlin A, Kierans AS, Chen J, Song C, Guniganti P, Mazzariol FS. Imaging and Treatment of Complications of Abdominal and Pelvic Mesh Repair. Radiographics 2021; 40:432-453. [PMID: 32125951 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020190106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surgical mesh is used most frequently for tension-free repair of abdominal wall hernias in adults, because the rate of hernia recurrence is lower with mesh than with primary soft-tissue repair. Since the introduction of polypropylene mesh in the middle of the 20th century, many mesh materials and configurations for specific surgical procedures have been developed. In addition to abdominal wall hernia repair, mesh may be used for repair of diaphragmatic hernias, urinary incontinence in women (female slings), genitourinary prolapse (vaginal mesh and sacrocolpopexy), rectal prolapse (rectopexy), and postprostatectomy male urinary incontinence (male slings). General mesh repair complications include chronic pain; fluid collections such as seromas, hematomas, and abscesses; adhesions that may lead to intestinal blockage; erosion into solid or hollow viscera including enterocutaneous fistulizing disease; and mesh failure characterized by mesh shrinkage, detachment, and migration with repair malfunction. Several mesh complications are often diagnosed with imaging, primarily with CT and less frequently with MRI and US, despite variable mesh visibility at imaging. This article reviews the common surgical mesh applications in the abdomen and pelvis, discusses imaging of mesh repair complications, and provides complication treatment highlights.©RSNA, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gavlin
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St, Box 141, New York, NY 10065
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St, Box 141, New York, NY 10065
| | - Johnson Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St, Box 141, New York, NY 10065
| | - Christopher Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St, Box 141, New York, NY 10065
| | - Preethi Guniganti
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St, Box 141, New York, NY 10065
| | - Fernanda S Mazzariol
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St, Box 141, New York, NY 10065
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11
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Pittman ME, Kierans AS, Rao D, Yantiss RK, Samstein B, Jessurun J. Portal Cavernoma Cholangiopathy: Histologic Features and Differential Diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:255-262. [PMID: 30357333 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Portal cavernoma cholangiopathy (formerly portal biliopathy) is a type of biliary injury that occurs in association with a portal vein thrombus or cavernoma. Although the radiographic features of portal cavernoma cholangiopathy have been enumerated in the literature, its histologic features have not been described in detail. Methods We describe the histologic findings in liver specimens from three patients with radiologically confirmed portal cavernoma cholangiopathy. Results Of the three patients, one underwent surgical resection due to a clinical suspicion for cholangiocarcinoma, one had a liver biopsy sample obtained for evaluation of possible cirrhosis, and one had a clinically suspicious "hilar mass" at the time of orthotopic liver transplant. Histologic features common among the three liver specimens included portal venous abnormalities, where the portal veins were obliterated or small relative to the portal tract size, and obstructive biliary changes, such as ductular reaction and reactive epithelial atypia accompanied by a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with neutrophils. Conclusions This case series provides clinicopathologic characteristics of portal cavernoma cholangiopathy. Histologic changes are reminiscent of hepatoportal sclerosis and/or bile duct obstruction. Attention to portal veins can provide helpful diagnostic clues, especially when biopsy samples are obtained from patients with a known portal vein thrombus or cavernoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Pittman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Deepthi Rao
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Rhonda K Yantiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin Samstein
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jose Jessurun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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12
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Jafari R, Sheth S, Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Prince MR, Wen Y, Guo Y, Deh K, Liu Z, Margolis D, Brittenham GM, Kierans AS, Wang Y. Rapid automated liver quantitative susceptibility mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:725-732. [PMID: 30637892 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of the liver iron concentration (LIC) is needed to guide iron-chelating therapy for patients with transfusional iron overload. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of automated quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to measure the LIC. PURPOSE To develop a rapid, robust, and automated liver QSM for clinical practice. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION 13 healthy subjects and 22 patients. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 1.5 T and 3 T/3D multiecho gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence. ASSESSMENT Data were acquired using a 3D GRE sequence with an out-of-phase echo spacing with respect to each other. All odd echoes that were in-phase (IP) were used to initialize the fat-water separation and field estimation (T2 *-IDEAL) before performing QSM. Liver QSM was generated through an automated pipeline without manual intervention. This IP echo-based initialization method was compared with an existing graph cuts initialization method (simultaneous phase unwrapping and removal of chemical shift, SPURS) in healthy subjects (n = 5). Reproducibility was assessed over four scanners at two field strengths from two manufacturers using healthy subjects (n = 8). Clinical feasibility was evaluated in patients (n = 22). STATISTICAL TESTS IP and SPURS initialization methods in both healthy subjects and patients were compared using paired t-test and linear regression analysis to assess processing time and region of interest (ROI) measurements. Reproducibility of QSM, R2 *, and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) among the four different scanners was assessed using linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Liver QSM using the IP method was found to be ~5.5 times faster than SPURS (P < 0.05) in initializing T2 *-IDEAL with similar outputs. Liver QSM using the IP method were reproducibly generated in all four scanners (average coefficient of determination 0.95, average slope 0.90, average bias 0.002 ppm, 95% limits of agreement between -0.06 to 0.07 ppm, ICC 0.97). DATA CONCLUSION Use of IP echo-based initialization enables robust water/fat separation and field estimation for automated, rapid, and reproducible liver QSM for clinical applications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:725-732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Jafari
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sujit Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yan Wen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yihao Guo
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Margolis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary M Brittenham
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Kierans AS, Makkar J, Guniganti P, Cornman-Homonoff J, Lee MJ, Pittman M, Askin G, Hecht EM. Validation of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System 2017 (LI-RADS) Criteria for Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:e205-e215. [PMID: 30257054 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is being adapted by many clinical practices. To support continuation of its use, LI-RADS (LR) is in need of multicenter validation studies of recent LI-RADS iterations. Furthermore, while both gadoxetate and extracellular agents have been incorporated into LI-RADS, comparison of the diagnostic performance between the two has yet to be determined. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the rate, diagnostic performance, and interreader reliability (IRR) of LI-RADS 2017 for hepatocellular carcinoma, including LR major and ancillary features, with both gadoxetate and extracellular agent-enhanced MRI against a reference standard of histopathology or imaging follow-up. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 114 patients with 144 observations were included who met LR 2017 criteria for at risk and had at least one hepatic observation on liver MRI performed with either gadoxetate (n = 52) or an extracellular agent (n = 92) between 2010-2016, with histopathology (n = 103) or follow-up imaging (n = 41). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5 and 3.0T/T1 -T2 WI, diffusion-weighted imaging. ASSESSMENT Three radiologists independently assessed major/ancillary features and assigned overall LI-RADS category for every observation. STATISTICAL TESTS Diagnostic performance of LR5/TIV+LR5 for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was compared between contrast agents with a generalized estimating equation. Weighted kappa was performed for interrater reliability. RESULTS The frequency of HCCs among LR1, LR2, LR3, L4, LR5, LRTIV+LR5, and LRM observations were: 0% (all readers), 0-12.5%, 11.4-26.9%, 50-76%, 83.0-95.1%, 83.3-100.0%, and 45.0-65.0%, respectively. Sensitivity of LR5/LRTIV+LR5 for HCC was 59.7-71.4% and specificity 85.0-96.8%. LI-RADS specificity and positive predictive value for observations imaged with gadoxetate was higher than extracellular agent for the most inexperienced reader (R3) (P = 0.009-0.034). IRR for LI-RADS categorization was substantial (k = 0.661). DATA CONCLUSION Increasing numerical LI-RADS 2017 categories demonstrate a greater percentage of HCCs. LR5/TIV+LR5 demonstrates excellent specificity and fair sensitivity for HCC. MRI with gadoxetate in liver transplant candidates may be beneficial for less experienced readers, although further large-scale prospective studies are needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:e205-e215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jasnit Makkar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, City, New York, USA
| | - Preethi Guniganti
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Meredith Pittman
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Gulce Askin
- Department of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, City, New York, USA
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Iranmahboob AK, Kierans AS, Huang C, Ream JM, Rosenkrantz AB. Preliminary investigation of whole-pancreas 3D histogram ADC metrics for predicting progression of acute pancreatitis. Clin Imaging 2017; 42:172-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rosenkrantz AB, Parikh N, Kierans AS, Kong MX, Babb JS, Taneja SS, Ream JM. Prostate Cancer Detection Using Computed Very High b-value Diffusion-weighted Imaging: How High Should We Go? Acad Radiol 2016; 23:704-11. [PMID: 26992738 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess prostate cancer detection using a broad range of computed b-values up to 5000 s/mm(2). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study was approved by an institutional review board with consent waiver. Forty-nine patients (63 ± 8 years) underwent 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging before prostatectomy. Examinations included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with b-values of 50 and 1000 s/mm(2). Seven computed DWI image sets (b-values: 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, and 5000 s/mm(2)) were generated by mono-exponential fit. Two blinded radiologists (R1 [attending], R2 [fellow]) independently evaluated diffusion weighted image sets for image quality and dominant lesion location. A separate unblinded radiologist placed regions of interest to measure tumor-to-peripheral zone (PZ) contrast. Pathologic findings from prostatectomy served as reference standard. Measures were compared between b-values using the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and generalized estimating equations based on logistic regression for correlated data. RESULTS As b-value increased, tumor-to-PZ contrast and benign prostate suppression for both readers increased (r = +0.65 to +0.71, P ≤ 0.001), whereas anatomic clarity, visualization of the capsule, and visualization of peripheral-transition zone edge decreased (r = -0.69 to -0.75, P ≤ 0.003). Sensitivity for tumor was highest for R1 at b1500-3000 (84%-88%) and for R2 at b1500-2500 (70%-76%). Sensitivities for both pathologic outcomes were lower for both readers at both b1000 and the highest computed b-values. Sensitivity for Gleason >6 tumor was highest for R1 at b1500-3000 (90%-93%) and for R2 at 1500-2500 (78%-80%). The positive predictive value for tumor for R1 was similar from b1000 to 4000 (93%-98%) and for R2 was similar from b1500 to 4000 (88%-94%). CONCLUSIONS Computed b-values in the range of 1500-2500 s/mm(2) (but not higher) were optimal for prostate cancer detection; b-values of 1000 or 3000-5000 exhibited overall lower performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Rosenkrantz
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
| | - Nainesh Parikh
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Max Xiangtian Kong
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - James S Babb
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Samir S Taneja
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin M Ream
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016
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Rosenkrantz AB, Kang SK, Kierans AS. Response. Radiology 2016; 279:652. [PMID: 27556126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Rosenkrantz AB, Pinnamaneni N, Kierans AS, Ream JM. Hypovascular hepatic nodules at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: whole-lesion hepatobiliary phase histogram metrics for prediction of progression to arterial-enhancing hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:63-70. [PMID: 26830613 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whole-lesion histogram analysis of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) defect in indeterminate hypovascular liver lesions for predicting progression to arterial-enhancing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Twenty patients undergoing gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for HCC screening with 12° and 25° flip angle (FA) HBP acquisitions demonstrating an indeterminate lesion showing HBP hypointensity but no arterial enhancement were included. Volumes-of-interest were placed on HBP defects, from which histogram metrics were obtained. Associations between these metrics and progression to arterial-enhancing HCC on follow-up imaging were investigated. Lesions were also assessed for the presence of a signal abnormality on conventional sequences. RESULTS 40% of lesions progressed to arterial-enhancing HCC; 60% were stable at ≥6 months follow-up. Neither T2-hyperintensity increased diffusion signal nor portal/equilibrium phase washout was different between progressing and nonprogressing lesions (p = 1.0). Among direct signal intensity-based measures (overall mean; mean of bottom 10th, 10-25th, and 25-50th percentiles), area-under-the-curve (AUC) for prediction of progression to arterial-enhancing HCC was consistently higher at 25° (range 0.619-0.657) than at 12° (range 0.512-0.548). However, at both FAs, the four measures with highest AUC were measures related to lesion texture and heterogeneity [standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), skewness, and entropy], having AUC of 0.655-0.750 at 12° and 0.686-0.800 at 25. The metric with highest AUC at 12° was SD (AUC = 0.750) and at 25° was CV (AUC = 0.800). CONCLUSION Whole-lesion histogram HBP measures of indeterminate hypovascular liver lesions may help predict progression to arterial-enhancing HCC by reflecting greater lesion heterogeneity, particularly at higher FA. Larger studies are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Rosenkrantz
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Niveditha Pinnamaneni
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Justin M Ream
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Kierans AS, Kang SK, Rosenkrantz AB. The Diagnostic Performance of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging for Detection of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Measuring Up to 2 cm: A Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2015; 278:82-94. [PMID: 26098460 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the performance of dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of small (≤2-cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify factors that influence this performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline and Embase databases were searched for studies performed from January 2000 to March 2014 in which the performance of MR imaging was reported for the detection of HCC up to 2 cm on either a lesion- or patient-based level, with sufficient data to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables. Diagnostic performance was quantitatively pooled for all studies by using a bivariate random-effects model with exploration involving subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and determination of study heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-two studies with 1387 small HCC lesions in 1908 patients met inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was higher for sensitivity (range, 30%-99%) than specificity (range, 61%-100%). Overall sensitivity was 78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68%, 85%; I(2) = 89%), and overall specificity was 92% (95% CI: 88%, 95%; I(2) = 69%). The primary potential source of bias was use of explant as the reference standard in only 13% of studies, although lower sensitivity in such studies was not significant (59% vs 80%, P = .165). Sensitivities were significantly higher for studies that originated from Asia compared with those that originated elsewhere (89% vs 71%, P = .028), those performed with hepatobiliary phase imaging compared with those without (87% vs 65%, respectively; P = .004), and those in which gadoxetate disodium was used versus an extracellular agent (92% vs 67%, P ≤ .001). Specificity was not significantly different between subgroups (P ≥ .122). At pairwise meta-regression analysis with either study origin from Asia or performance of hepatobiliary phase imaging, only gadoxetate disodium contrast agent showed significant independent association with higher sensitivity (P = .002-.007). CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggest that dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging has moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity in the detection of HCC up to 2 cm. Gadoxetate disodium contrast agent showed the strongest association with increased sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- From the Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016
| | - Stella K Kang
- From the Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016
| | - Andrew B Rosenkrantz
- From the Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016
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Kierans AS, Bennett GL, Haghighi M, Rosenkrantz AB. Utility of conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI features in distinguishing benign from malignant endometrial lesions. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rosenkrantz AB, Kierans AS. US of Incidental Adnexal Cysts: Adherence of Radiologists to the 2010 Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Guidelines. Radiology 2014; 271:262-71. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13131203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kierans AS, Kirov II, Gonen O, Haemer G, Nisenbaum E, Babb JS, Grossman RI, Lui YW. Myoinositol and glutamate complex neurometabolite abnormality after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2014; 82:521-8. [PMID: 24401686 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain quantitative neurometabolite measurements, specifically myoinositol (mI) and glutamate plus glutamine (Glx), markers of glial and neuronal excitation, in deep gray matter structures after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and to compare these measurements against normal healthy control subjects. METHODS This study approved by the institutional review board is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant. T1-weighted MRI and multi-voxel (1)H-MRS imaging were acquired at 3 tesla from 26 patients with mTBI an average of 22 days postinjury and from 13 age-matched healthy controls. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare patients and controls for mean N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine (Cr), Glx, and mI levels as well as the respective ratios to Cr within the caudate, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus. RESULTS Quantitative putaminal mI was higher in patients with mTBI compared with controls (p = 0.02). Quantitative neurometabolite ratios of putaminal mI and Glx relative to Cr, mI/Cr, and Glx/Cr were also higher among patients with mTBI compared with controls (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). No other differences in neurometabolite levels or ratios were observed in any other brain region evaluated. CONCLUSION Increased putaminal mI, mI/Cr, and Glx/Cr in patients after mTBI compared with control subjects supports the notion of a complex glial and excitatory response to injury without concomitant neuronal loss, evidenced by preserved N-acetylaspartate levels in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY
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Kierans AS, Bennett GL, Mussi TC, Babb JS, Rusinek H, Melamed J, Rosenkrantz AB. Characterization of malignancy of adnexal lesions using ADC entropy: Comparison with mean ADC and qualitative DWI assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Kierans AS, Leonardou P, Hayashi P, Brubaker LM, Elazzazi M, Shaikh F, Semelka RC. MRI findings of rapidly progressive hepatocellular carcinoma. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:790-6. [PMID: 20427139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and patient characteristics in subjects with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that exhibit rapid progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this unblinded retrospective study, initial and follow up MR images were reviewed, before and after rapid progression of HCC, respectively. Rapid progression was defined as a lesion <3 cm which exhibited >3 cm increase in one year or 2 cm increase in 6 months. Patient characteristics and MRI findings were determined using clinical information from the institution clinical information system and records from the Radiology and Pathology Departments, Hepatology Division and Liver Transplant Service of the Department of Medicine. RESULTS Seven individuals were identified with HCC that showed rapid progression. Five of the patients had underlying hepatitis C, one had alcoholic hepatitis, and one had immunosuppression due to liver transplantation. On initial MRI, six patients had early intense ring enhancing lesions, which rapidly progressed in size. Five patients died within 6 months, one within 1 year after progression despite treatment. Six of the seven patients also had multiple other liver nodules on initial MRI; those that showed ring enhancement rapidly progressed but those without, did not show rapid progression. CONCLUSION Patients with rapidly progressive HCC had underlying hepatitis C and intense ring enhancement on initial MRI. This group of patients should be evaluated further to determine if they might benefit from early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Kierans
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
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Hyslop WB, Kierans AS, Leonardou P, Fritchie K, Darling J, Elazazzi M, Semelka RC. Overlap syndrome of autoimmune chronic liver diseases: MRI findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:383-9. [PMID: 20099347 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the MR findings of overlap syndromes of autoimmune chronic liver diseases. METHODS Review of clinical and radiological databases between March 2001 and July 2008 for patients with a clinical diagnosis and liver biopsy features compatible with overlap syndrome who had also undergone an abdominal MRI yielded 15 adult patients. MR features of overlap syndrome were reviewed by two radiologists by consensus. Two radiologists independently reviewed the studies in a blinded fashion for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)-type or non-PSC-type features to assess interobserver agreement. RESULTS PSC-type and non-PSC-type overlap syndrome had distinctive MR features. In the consensus review, all 12 patients with PSC-type overlap syndrome were correctly identified. Imaging findings included central macroregeneration (N = 9), peripheral atrophy (N = 7), biliary duct beading (N = 12), biliary dilation (N = 10), or a combination of all four findings (N = 7). The presence of any of the first three features had 100% specificity for a PSC-type overlap syndrome. Patients with non-PSC-type overlap (N = 3) showed relatively normal liver morphology (N = 3) and minimal biliary ductal dilatation in one patient. There was good interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.76). CONCLUSION Patients with serologic or pathologic evidence of AIH or PBC with imaging features of PSC may have PSC-type overlap syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brian Hyslop
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Leonardou P, Kierans AS, Elazazzi M, Shaikh F, Semelka RC. MR imaging findings of small bowel hemorrhage: Two cases of mural involvement and one of perimural. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:1185-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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