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Moon WS, Song JS, Yu HC, Kim KM, Ahn AR. Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma With Ductal Plate Malformation Pattern: A Case Report With Molecular Analysis. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:160-164. [PMID: 37128663 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231168966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with a ductal plate malformation pattern is an extremely rare entity with unelucidated pathogenesis. We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient who underwent a sectionectomy for pre-operative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on clinical and image findings. Gross examination of the specimen revealed a well-defined tumor with cystic change measuring 6.7 × 6.2 cm. Microscopically, the lesion had classical features of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma exhibited neoplastic glands with irregular-sized dilated lumens, resembling a ductal plate malformation. Postoperative diagnosis was combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with ductal plate malformation pattern. Next-generation sequencing revealed genomic alteration in 15 genes: CDKN2A, CHD4, CYP2D6, ERBB3, KIR3DL1, KRAS, MDM2, PIM1, STAT6, TPMT amplification, FANCD2, FAT1, FLT4, RASA1, and TP53 point mutation. This is the first case report of molecular alteration in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with ductal plate malformation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sung Moon
- Departments of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Departments of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Departments of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Ahn
- Departments of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Dawit H, Lam E, McInnes MDF, van der Pol CB, Bashir MR, Salameh JP, Levis B, Sirlin CB, Chernyak V, Choi SH, Kim SY, Fraum TJ, Tang A, Jiang H, Song B, Wang J, Wilson SR, Kwon H, Kierans AS, Joo I, Ronot M, Song JS, Podgórska J, Rosiak G, Kang Z, Allen BC, Costa AF. LI-RADS CT and MRI Ancillary Feature Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Malignancy: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2024; 310:e231501. [PMID: 38376399 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Background The independent contribution of each Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) CT or MRI ancillary feature (AF) has not been established. Purpose To evaluate the association of LI-RADS AFs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and malignancy while adjusting for LI-RADS major features through an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus were searched from January 2014 to January 2022 for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI for HCC using LI-RADS version 2014, 2017, or 2018. Using a one-step approach, IPD across studies were pooled. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were derived from multivariable logistic regression models of each AF combined with major features except threshold growth (excluded because of infrequent reporting). Liver observation clustering was addressed at the study and participant levels through random intercepts. Risk of bias was assessed using a composite reference standard and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Results Twenty studies comprising 3091 observations (2456 adult participants; mean age, 59 years ± 11 [SD]; 1849 [75.3%] men) were included. In total, 89% (eight of nine) of AFs favoring malignancy were associated with malignancy and/or HCC, 80% (four of five) of AFs favoring HCC were associated with HCC, and 57% (four of seven) of AFs favoring benignity were negatively associated with HCC and/or malignancy. Nonenhancing capsule (OR = 3.50 [95% CI: 1.53, 8.01]) had the strongest association with HCC. Diffusion restriction (OR = 14.45 [95% CI: 9.82, 21.27]) and mild-moderate T2 hyperintensity (OR = 10.18 [95% CI: 7.17, 14.44]) had the strongest association with malignancy. The strongest negative associations with HCC were parallels blood pool enhancement (OR = 0.07 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.49]) and marked T2 hyperintensity (OR = 0.18 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.45]). Seventeen studies (85%) had a high risk of bias. Conclusion Most LI-RADS AFs were independently associated with HCC, malignancy, or benignity as intended when adjusting for major features. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Crivellaro in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haben Dawit
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Eric Lam
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Brooke Levis
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Bin Song
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Stephanie R Wilson
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Heejin Kwon
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Ijin Joo
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Zhen Kang
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
| | - Andreu F Costa
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.D.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (H.D., M.D.F.M., J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (B.L.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.H.C., S.Y.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.R.W.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (H.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nord, Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea (J.S.S.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd Fl, 1276 S Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2Y9 (A.F.C.)
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Goins SM, Jiang H, van der Pol CB, Salameh JP, Lam E, Adamo RG, McInnes MDF, Costa AF, Tang A, Alhasan AS, Allen BC, Reiner CS, Clarke C, Cerny M, Wang J, Choi SH, Fraum TJ, Ludwig DR, Song B, Joo I, Kang Z, Kierans AS, Kim SY, Kwon H, Ronot M, Podgórska J, Rosiak G, Song JS, Bashir MR. Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of LR-5 in LI-RADS Version 2018 versus Revised LI-RADS for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis. Radiology 2023; 309:e231656. [PMID: 38112549 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background A simplification of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018 (v2018), revised LI-RADS (rLI-RADS), has been proposed for imaging-based diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Single-site data suggest that rLI-RADS category 5 (rLR-5) improves sensitivity while maintaining positive predictive value (PPV) of the LI-RADS v2018 category 5 (LR-5), which indicates definite HCC. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS v2018 and rLI-RADS in a multicenter data set of patients at risk for HCC by performing an individual patient data meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Multiple databases were searched for studies published from January 2014 to January 2022 that evaluated the diagnostic performance of any version of LI-RADS at CT or MRI for diagnosing HCC. An individual patient data meta-analysis method was applied to observations from the identified studies. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 was applied to determine study risk of bias. Observations were categorized according to major features and either LI-RADS v2018 or rLI-RADS assignments. Diagnostic accuracies of category 5 for each system were calculated using generalized linear mixed models and compared using the likelihood ratio test for sensitivity and the Wald test for PPV. Results Twenty-four studies, including 3840 patients and 4727 observations, were analyzed. The median observation size was 19 mm (IQR, 11-30 mm). rLR-5 showed higher sensitivity compared with LR-5 (70.6% [95% CI: 60.7, 78.9] vs 61.3% [95% CI: 45.9, 74.7]; P < .001), with similar PPV (90.7% vs 92.3%; P = .55). In studies with low risk of bias (n = 4; 1031 observations), rLR-5 also achieved a higher sensitivity than LR-5 (72.3% [95% CI: 63.9, 80.1] vs 66.9% [95% CI: 58.2, 74.5]; P = .02), with similar PPV (83.1% vs 88.7%; P = .47). Conclusion rLR-5 achieved a higher sensitivity for identifying HCC than LR-5 while maintaining a comparable PPV at 90% or more, matching the results presented in the original rLI-RADS study. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Sirlin and Chernyak in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M Goins
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Christian B van der Pol
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Eric Lam
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Robert G Adamo
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Andreu F Costa
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Ayman S Alhasan
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Caecilia S Reiner
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Christopher Clarke
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Milena Cerny
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Daniel R Ludwig
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Bin Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Ijin Joo
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Zhen Kang
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Heejin Kwon
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (S.M.G.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J., B.S.); Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.P.S.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.L.); Faculty of Medicine at The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.G.A.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (A.F.C.); Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (A.T.); Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Medina, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.C.A.); Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Department of Radiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (C.C.); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (M.C.); Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.W.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.H.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F., D.R.L.); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea (I.J.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea (S.Y.K.); Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea (H.K.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy and Université Paris Cité, CRI UMR 1149, Paris, France (M.R.); Second Radiology Department, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea (J.S.S.); Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC, 27710 (M.R.B.); Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B.)
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Yang X, Park S, Lee S, Han K, Lee MR, Song JS, Yu HC, Do Yang J. Estimation of right lobe graft weight for living donor liver transplantation using deep learning-based fully automatic computed tomographic volumetry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17746. [PMID: 37853228 PMCID: PMC10584880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at developing a fully automatic technique for right lobe graft weight estimation using deep learning algorithms. The proposed method consists of segmentation of the full liver region from computed tomography (CT) images, classification of the entire liver region into the right and left lobes, and estimation of the right lobe graft weight from the CT-measured right lobe graft volume using a volume-to-weight conversion formula. The first two steps were performed with a transformer-based deep learning model. To train and evaluate the model, a total of 248 CT datasets (188 for training, 40 for validation, and 20 for testing and clinical evaluation) were used. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD), and the 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) were used for evaluating the segmentation accuracy of the full liver region and the right liver lobe. The correlation coefficient (CC), percentage error (PE), and percentage absolute error (PAE) were used for the clinical evaluation of the estimated right lobe graft weight. The proposed method achieved high accuracy in segmentation for DSC, MSD, and HD95 (95.9% ± 1.0%, 1.2 ± 0.4 mm, and 5.2 ± 1.9 mm for the entire liver region; 92.4% ± 2.7%, 2.0 ± 0.7 mm, and 8.8 ± 2.9 mm for the right lobe) and in clinical evaluation for CC, PE, and PAE (0.859, - 1.8% ± 9.6%, and 8.6% ± 4.7%). For the right lobe graft weight estimation, the present study underestimated the graft weight by - 1.8% on average. A mean difference of - 21.3 g (95% confidence interval: - 55.7 to 13.1, p = 0.211) between the estimated graft weight and the actual graft weight was achieved in this study. The proposed method is effective for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- School of Global Entrepreneurship and Information Communication Technology, Handong Global University, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyeong Park
- School of Global Entrepreneurship and Information Communication Technology, Handong Global University, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoo Lee
- School of Global Entrepreneurship and Information Communication Technology, Handong Global University, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyujin Han
- School of Global Entrepreneurship and Information Communication Technology, Handong Global University, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Rin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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Jang W, Jo S, Song JS, Hwang HP, Kim SH. Correction to: Comparison of diffusion‑weighted imaging and MR elastography in staging liver fibrosis: a meta‑analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2763-2768. [PMID: 37231220 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weon Jang
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Korea
| | - Seongil Jo
- Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Korea.
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Jang W, Song JS. Non-Invasive Imaging Methods to Evaluate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Fat Quantification: A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111852. [PMID: 37296703 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis without specific causes (e.g., viral infection, alcohol abuse, etc.) is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and NASH-related cirrhosis. Despite the usefulness of the standard grading system, liver biopsy has several limitations. In addition, patient acceptability and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility are also concerns. Due to the prevalence of NAFLD and limitations of liver biopsies, non-invasive imaging methods such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can reliably diagnose hepatic steatosis have developed rapidly. US is widely available and radiation-free but cannot examine the entire liver. CT is readily available and helpful for detection and risk classification, significantly when analyzed using artificial intelligence; however, it exposes users to radiation. Although expensive and time-consuming, MRI can measure liver fat percentage with magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). Specifically, chemical shift-encoded (CSE)-MRI is the best imaging indicator for early liver fat detection. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of each imaging modality with an emphasis on the recent progress and current status of liver fat quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Jang
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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van der Pol CB, McInnes MDF, Salameh JP, Levis B, Chernyak V, Sirlin CB, Bashir MR, Allen BC, Burke LMB, Choi JY, Choi SH, Forner A, Fraum TJ, Giamperoli A, Jiang H, Joo I, Kang Z, Kierans AS, Kang HJ, Khatri G, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Kim YY, Kwon H, Lee JM, Lewis SC, McGinty KA, Mulazzani L, Park MS, Piscaglia F, Podgórska J, Reiner CS, Ronot M, Rosiak G, Song B, Song JS, Tang A, Terzi E, Wang J, Wang W, Wilson SR, Yokoo T. CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS Major Features Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2023; 307:e239005. [PMID: 36972185 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.239005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Bae DJ, Yang ES, Park WS, Lee HK, Song JS, Kim TH, Yoon KH. Reproducibility of MRI-derived liver surface nodularity score: analysis of patients with repeated MRI in various scanners. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:590-600. [PMID: 36416904 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess trans-regional differences, reproducibility across different MRI scanners, and interobserver agreement of liver surface nodularity (LSN) score from routine liver MRI and to evaluate the correlation between LSN score and liver stiffness (LS) value on MR elastography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI twice using different MRI scanners within a year were evaluated. On axial hepatobiliary phase images, right anterior (LSNRT_ANT), right posterior (LSNRT_POST), and left anterior hepatic surface (LSNLT) were chosen for the quantification of LSN score. Repeated-measures ANOVA, paired t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS LSN scores from high to low were LSNRT_POST, LSNRT_ANT, and LSNLT, representing trans-regional differences (p < 0.001). Reproducibility of LSN measurement across different MRI scanners was high to excellent (ICC = 0.838-0.921). The mean difference between first and second examinations in LSNRT_ANT, LSNRT_POST, and LSNLT were 0.032 (p = 0.013), 0.002 (p = 0.910), and 0.010 (p = 0.285) for reader 1 and 0.051 (p = 0.004), 0.061 (p = 0.002), and 0.023 (p = 0.005) for reader 2. The first and second examinations were highly correlated in all hepatic regions (r = 0.712-0.839, p < 0.001). There was a low to moderate correlation between LSN score and LS value (r = 0.364-0.592, p ≤ 0.001), which was higher in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) group than in the non-CHB group in all hepatic regions. CONCLUSIONS In our study, LSN measurement on liver MRI showed trans-regional differences and excellent reproducibility across different MRI scanners. To use LSN score more widely, standardization of quantification software and selected hepatic regions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Jin Bae
- Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-Ro, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-Ro, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
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Hahn S, Song JS, Choi EJ, Cha JG, Choi Y, Ju Song Y, Kim I, Park EH. Can Bone Erosion in Axial Spondyloarthropathy be Detected by Ultrashort Echo Time Imaging? A Comparison With Computed Tomography in the Sacroiliac Joint. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1580-1590. [PMID: 35247216 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural lesion evaluation in axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA) can improve accuracy of diagnosis. However, structural lesions (bone erosions) are difficult to be assessed using conventional MRI compared to computed tomography (CT). PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrashort echo time (UTE) for detecting bone erosion in axial SpA compared to T1WI and three-dimensional double-echo steady-state (3D DESS) imaging using CT as the reference standard. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Fourteen patients (eight females, 57.1%) and 14 healthy controls (seven females, 50.0%) who underwent sacroiliac (SI) joint MRI and CT. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; TSE T1WI, 3D DESS, 2D UTE. ASSESSMENT The bilateral SI joints were assessed for bone erosion. Three observers scored bone erosion for all three sequences of MRI. CT was used as the gold standard. Diagnostic confidence in axial SpA was measured based on a four-point confidence score. STATISTICAL TESTS Correlation of erosion scores between CT and MRI were evaluated using Spearman's correlation test. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive-negative predictive values were calculated. Confidence scores were compared using the Wilcoxon sum rank test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Compared with erosion scores of CT, the correlation coefficients for each MRI sequence showed significant low-to-high positive correlations (0.39-0.72). UTE imaging showed the highest correlation coefficients for all observers (0.70, 0.72, and 0.67, respectively). The specificity of UTE imaging was equal or higher than those of T1WI and 3D DESS for all observers (0.86 vs. 0.71 vs. 0.57; 0.93 vs. 0.71 vs. 0.57; 0.79 vs. 0.79 vs. 0.43). All observers had the highest confidence in interpreting UTE imaging for detecting bone erosion among the three sequences (3.5, 3.4, and 3.3 for UTE; 3.1, 3.0, and 2.6 for T1WI; and 3.2, 2.7, and 2.4 for DESS). DATA CONCLUSION UTE imaging can detect bone erosions in patients with axial SpA and show higher specificity than conventional T1WI and 3D DESS. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Gyu Cha
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - InSeong Kim
- Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hae Park
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Im WH, Song JS, Jang W. Noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis: review of current quantitative CT and MRI-based techniques. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:3051-3067. [PMID: 34228199 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis features excessive protein accumulation in the liver interstitial space resulting from repeated tissue injury due to chronic liver disease. Liver fibrosis eventually proceeds to cirrhosis and associated complications. So, early diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis are of vital importance for clinical treatment. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosing and staging of fibrosis, but it is suboptimal due to various limitations. Recently, efforts have been made to migrate toward noninvasive techniques for assessing liver fibrosis. CT is relatively easy to perform, relatively standardized for different scanners, and does not require additional hardware in liver fibrosis staging. MRI is frequently performed to characterize indeterminate liver lesions. Because it does not use ionizing radiation and features high image contrast, its role has increased in the staging of liver fibrosis. More recently, several studies on liver fibrosis staging using deep learning algorithms in CT or MRI have been proposed and have shown meaningful results. In this review, we summarize the basic concept, diagnostic performance, and advantages and limitations of each technique to noninvasively stage liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyeong Im
- Department of Radiology, The 3rd Flying Training Wing, Sacheon, 52516, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Weon Jang
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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11
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Jang W, Song JS, Kim TH, Yoon KH. Intraindividual comparison of MRI-derived liver surface nodularity score at 1.5 T and 3 T. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:1053-1060. [PMID: 35064351 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the MRI-derived liver surface nodularity (LSN) scores acquired on both 1.5 T and 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty chronic liver disease patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at both 1.5 and 3 T were included. Axial hepatobiliary phase images with the same voxel size were used to calculate the LSN score in both liver lobes with a quantitative software. Rank correlation, Wilcoxon test, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There was a weak correlation between the right and left liver lobe on 1.5 T (rs = 0.331, p = 0.037) and 3 T (rs = 0.381, p = 0.015). The correlation between 1.5 T and 3 T on both liver lobes showed a very strong correlation (right, rs = 0.927, p < 0.001; left, rs = 0.845, p < 0.001). LSN scores differed significantly between both lobes on 1.5 T (median, 1.201 vs. 0.674, right vs. left) and 3 T (1.076 vs. 0.592) (all p < 0.001). LSN scores differed significantly between 1.5 T and 3 T on both lobes (all p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plot comparing 1.5 T and 3 T on right and left liver lobes showed a systemic bias of 0.08 and 0.07, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LSN scores differed significantly on 1.5 T vs. 3 T and right vs. left liver lobe. Caution should be made when comparing LSN scores derived from different field strengths or the hepatic lobe. Interplatform, interlobar reproducibility should be resolved to use LSN scores, which is relatively easy to perform without additional hardware or images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Jang
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
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12
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van der Pol CB, McInnes MDF, Salameh JP, Levis B, Chernyak V, Sirlin CB, Bashir MR, Allen BC, Burke LMB, Choi JY, Choi SH, Forner A, Fraum TJ, Giamperoli A, Jiang H, Joo I, Kang Z, Kierans AS, Kang HJ, Khatri G, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Kim YY, Kwon H, Lee JM, Lewis SC, McGinty KA, Mulazzani L, Park MS, Piscaglia F, Podgórska J, Reiner CS, Ronot M, Rosiak G, Song B, Song JS, Tang A, Terzi E, Wang J, Wang W, Wilson SR, Yokoo T. CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS Major Features Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2022; 302:326-335. [PMID: 34783596 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021211244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) assigns a risk category for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to imaging observations. Establishing the contributions of major features can inform the diagnostic algorithm. Purpose To perform a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to establish the probability of HCC for each LI-RADS major feature using CT/MRI and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) LI-RADS in patients at high risk for HCC. Materials and Methods Multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus) were searched for studies from January 2014 to September 2019 that evaluated the accuracy of CT, MRI, and CEUS for HCC detection using LI-RADS (CT/MRI LI-RADS, versions 2014, 2017, and 2018; CEUS LI-RADS, versions 2016 and 2017). Data were centralized. Clustering was addressed at the study and patient levels using mixed models. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were determined for each major feature using multivariable stepwise logistic regression. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42020164486). Results A total of 32 studies were included, with 1170 CT observations, 3341 MRI observations, and 853 CEUS observations. At multivariable analysis of CT/MRI LI-RADS, all major features were associated with HCC, except threshold growth (OR, 1.6; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.6; P = .07). Nonperipheral washout (OR, 13.2; 95% CI: 9.0, 19.2; P = .01) and nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) (OR, 10.3; 95% CI: 6.7, 15.6; P = .01) had stronger associations with HCC than enhancing capsule (OR, 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.5; P = .03). On CEUS images, APHE (OR, 7.3; 95% CI: 4.6, 11.5; P = .01), late and mild washout (OR, 4.1; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.6; P = .01), and size of at least 20 mm (OR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.5; P = .04) were associated with HCC. Twenty-five studies (78%) had high risk of bias due to reporting ambiguity or study design flaws. Conclusion Most Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System major features had different independent associations with hepatocellular carcinoma; for CT/MRI, arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout had the strongest associations, whereas threshold growth had no association. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B van der Pol
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Brooke Levis
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Brian C Allen
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Lauren M B Burke
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Alejandro Forner
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Tyler J Fraum
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Alice Giamperoli
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Ijin Joo
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Zhen Kang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Andrea S Kierans
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Kang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Gaurav Khatri
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Myeong-Jin Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Yeun-Yoon Kim
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Heejin Kwon
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Sara C Lewis
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Katrina A McGinty
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Lorenzo Mulazzani
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Mi-Suk Park
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Joanna Podgórska
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Caecilia S Reiner
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Rosiak
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Bin Song
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Eleonora Terzi
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Stephanie R Wilson
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- From the Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Juravinski Hosp and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada (C.B.v.d.P.); Dept of Radiology and Epidemiology, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.); Ottawa Hosp Research Inst Clinical Epidemiology Program, Dept of Medical Imaging, the Ottawa Hosp-Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Room c-159, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1E 4Y9 (M.D.F.M.); Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Univ, Kingston, Canada (J.P.S.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hosp Research Inst, Ottawa, Canada (J.P.S.); Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele Univ, Staffordshire, UK (B.L.); Dept of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Ctr, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Liver Imaging Group, Dept of Radiology, Univ of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Depts of Radiology (M.R.B., B.C.A.) and Medicine (M.R.B.) and Ctr for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B.), Duke Univ Medical Ctr, Durham, NC; Dept of Radiology, Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R.B., L.M.B.B., K.A.M.); Dept of Radiology, Research Inst of Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.Y.C., M.J.K., Y.Y.K., M.S.P.); Asan Medical Ctr, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.H.C.); BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hosp Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Univ of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.F.); Mallinckrodt Inst of Radiology, Washington Univ School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.J.F.); Div of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases (A.G., F.P., E.T.), and Emergency Dept, Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso (L.M.), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Dept of Radiology (I.J., H.J.K., J.H.K., J.M.L.) and Inst of Radiation Medicine (J.H.K., J.M.L.), Seoul National Univ Hosp, Seoul, Korea; Dept of Radiology, Seoul National Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (I.J., J.H.K., J.M.L.); Dept of Radiology, Tongji Hosp, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Huazhong Univ of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.K.); Dept of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Ctr, New York, NY (A.S.K.); Dept of Radiology (G.K., T.Y.) and Advanced Imaging Research Ctr (T.Y.), Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr, Dallas, Tex; Dept of Radiology and Research Inst of Radiology, Univ of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Ctr, Seoul, Korea (S.Y.K.); Dept of Radiology, Dong-A Univ Hosp, Dong-A Univ College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (H.K.); Dept of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.C.L.); 2nd Radiology Dept, Warsaw Medical Univ, Warsaw, Poland (J.P., G.R.); Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Univ Hosp Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.S.R.); Dept of Radiology, Beaujon Hosp, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.R.); Dept of Radiology, West China Hosp, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, China (B.S.); Dept of Radiology, Jeonbuk National Univ Medical School and Hosp, Jeonju, Korea (J.S.S.); Dept of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.T.); Dept of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hosp, Sun Yat-sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (J.W.); Dept of Medical Ultrasonics, Inst of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou, China (W.W.); Depts of Radiology and Medicine, Div of Gastroenterology, Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.); and Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada (S.R.W.)
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Liu YL, Song JS, Wang WW, Tang YT. The relationship between adverse outcomes and a full spectrum of ejection fraction in patients without acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is insufficient study evaluating how the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes varies across the full range of LVEF in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A more comprehensive evaluation could provide further understanding of prognosis and support the management of these patients.
Purpose
The present study aimed to assess the association between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery diseases undergoing PCI.
Methods
A consecutive series of 9475 patients without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing PCI were enrolled into the study and followed up for a median 2.4 years. Patients were stratified into 8 groups by 5% intervals: under 40%, 40–45%, 45–50%, 50–55%, 55–60%, 60–65%, 65–70%, and over 70%. MACE, consisting of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and revascularization, was evaluated as the outcome.
Results
MACE occurred in 594 (6.3%) patients. The MACE rates decreased before LVEF under 65% while increased after LVEF over 70%, showing a U-shaped pattern. The 65–70% group showed the lowest rate of MACE (4.5%). Consistently, in the Cox regression, the association between LVEF and MACE presented as a U-shaped pattern regardless of different age and sex groups, and after adjusted for clinical and procedural covariables. The LVEF categories lower than 65% or higher than 70% were independent predictors of MACE, compared with 65–70% group (Hazard ratios 1.311 to 2.657, all P value >0.05). Similar trend was also observed in restricted mean survival time analysis.
Conclusions
LVEF and MACE displayed a U-shaped association and patients with LVEF of 65–70% showed the lowest risk of MACE. The present study provided an insight into how the MACE risk changed in a wide spectrum of LVEF in patients without AMI undergoing PCI, which might improve preprocedural evaluation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Department of cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - J S Song
- Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Department of cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - W W Wang
- Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Department of cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Y T Tang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of cardiology, Beijing, China
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Jang W, Song JS. [Uterine Cervical Cancer: Emphasis on Revised FIGO Staging 2018 and MRI]. Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi 2021; 82:1083-1102. [PMID: 36238389 PMCID: PMC9432380 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2021.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine cervical cancer is a common gynecological cancer prevalent in Korea. Early detection, precise diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can affect its prognosis. Imaging approaches play an important role in staging, treatment planning, and follow-up. MRI specifically provides the advantage of assessing tumor size and disease severity with high soft tissue contrast. The revised version of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system has been introduced in 2018, which incorporates subdivided primary tumor size and lymph node metastasis. In this review, the staging of uterine cervical cancer based on previous studies, the recently revised FIGO staging, and various post-treatment images are primarily described using MRI.
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Ahn AR, Song JS, Do Yang J, Moon WS. Pancreatic hamartoma mimicking neuroendocrine tumor. Pathol Int 2021; 71:789-791. [PMID: 34416074 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ae Ri Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Kirthiga M, Muthu MS, Lee JJC, Kayalvizhi G, Mathur VP, Song JS, Shin K, Praveen R. Prevalence and correlation of OXIS contacts using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and photographs. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:520-527. [PMID: 32621346 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contact areas in between primary teeth are broader, flatter, and located further cervically when compared with the contact areas of permanent molars. AIM We investigated the prevalence of interproximal contact area types of primary molars using CBCT images in children aged 3-10 years. Our second objective was to correlate OXIS contact areas when observed with CBCT images and clinical photographs. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed with 367 CBCT images of children, aged 3-10 years, obtained from Children's Dental Centre, South Korea. The type of contacts in between primary molars was scored at various levels, specifically, occlusal, middle, and cervical thirds, according to OXIS criteria. Following this, the same patient's records were checked for the presence of clinical photographs and scored according to the same criteria. Prevalence was stated as percentages along with numbers. Chi-square test was applied to determine association of contact areas across genders and arches. The correlation between the two methods was done by Cohen's Kappa correlation test. RESULTS The prevalence of the OXIS contacts obtained from CBCT images was as follows: I (79.7%), followed by X (10.0%), S (6.6%), and, finally, O (3.7%). The overall score of all the 1343 contact areas matched with the score observed at the occlusal third. All included contacts were of O (open) type at cervical third, and 1,231 contacts were of O (open) type at the middle third. Significant results were observed with respect to arches (P < .001). The correlation between the two methods was found to be 0.958. CONCLUSIONS The contact area observed at the occlusal level determined the overall type of contact based on OXIS criteria. Thus, reports in the literature concluded that contact areas are broad, flat, and extend further gingivally should be revised. The study also concluded almost perfect agreement between CBCT images and clinical photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirthiga
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - G Kayalvizhi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr Syamala Reddy Dental College, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kim Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Busan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - R Praveen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Kim SI, Lee HY, Jung WC, Song JS. EVALUATION OF INTERNAL EXPOSURE TO RADIOACTIVE AEROSOL GENERATED FROM PLASMA MELTING SYSTEM USING THE BIDAS CODE. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 194:9-17. [PMID: 33954746 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The radioactive aerosol generated by the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) decommissioning process can be inhaled by workers and deposited inside the human body, resulting in internal exposure. Because internal exposure, unlike external exposure, is difficult to measure directly, it is all the more necessary to assess the dose workers receive as a result of internal exposure. Precise assessment of the internal exposure necessitates actual measurements in the work environment such as the workers' respiration rate, kind of nuclide and amount of captured nuclide. However, in the event of difficulties in securing these measurements, the internal exposure dose can be estimated based upon the recommended values by the ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) such as the intake fraction and particle size. In this study, 5 μm was selected as the particle size as recommended by the ICRP, and both heavy and light respiratory rates were used in the calculation. With respect to the nuclides contained in the radioactive aerosol and their concentrations, the data captured for the aerosol in the melting facility on the Kozloduy NPP premises in Bulgaria were applied to estimate workers' internal exposure. As a result, each worker was found not to have received more than 20 mSv/yr, which is the maximum annual permissible dose for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Chosun University, Pilmundae-ro 309, Dong-gu, Gwangju KS008, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Chosun University, Pilmundae-ro 309, Dong-gu, Gwangju KS008, Republic of Korea
| | - W C Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (KHNP), 103-16, Bulguk-ro, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk KSxx010, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Song
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Chosun University, Pilmundae-ro 309, Dong-gu, Gwangju KS008, Republic of Korea
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Song JS, Sun JJ, Sun YE, Liu Y, Gu XP, Ma ZL. [Risk factors of massive introperative blood loss in posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:1002-1008. [PMID: 33845538 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200924-02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the risk factors and prognostic impact of massive introperative blood loss in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: Clinical data were collected of 1 896 AIS patients who underwent PSF surgery under general anesthesia in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School from November 2010 to October 2019 and retrospectively analyzed. According to the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the patients were divided into the massive introperative blood loss group [estimated blood loss (EBL)/estimated blood volume (EBV)≥30%] and the non-massive introperative blood loss group (EBL/EBV<30%). The perioperative parameters between the two groups were compared, single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors related to massive introperative blood loss in PSF surgery. Results: A total of 1 896 AIS patients who underwent PSF surgery were included in the study. There were 298 males and 1 598 females, with an age of (14.5±1.7) years. Among them, 633 (33%) experienced massive intraoperative blood loss. The factors significantly related to the massive blood loss during PSF surgery in this study are: sex, body mass index(BMI), preoperative blood platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio(INR), preoperative Cobb angle, duration of operation, the number of fused levels, the number of screws, thoracoplasty, intraoperative use of tranexamic acid and dexmedetomidine; The independent factors included duration of operation longer than 4 hours(OR=4.311,P<0.001), the number of fused levels to be more than 10(OR=4.044,P<0.001), thoracoplasty (OR=2.174,P=0.019), BMI lower than 18.1 kg/m2(OR=2.094,P<0.001), preoperative PLT less than 186.5×109/L(OR=1.480,P=0.009), preoperative INR larger than 1 (OR=1.531,P=0.003) and preoperative Cobb angle larger than 53°(OR=1.306,P=0.036) ;Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid (OR=0.770, P=0.047) and dexmedetomidine (OR=0.653, P=0.008) are protective factors for massive intraoperative blood loss. In addition, in the massive intraoperative blood loss group, length of postoperative hospital stay (P<0.001), volume of postoperative incision drainage (P<0.001), postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion rate (22.7% vs 14.3%, P<0.001), incidence of postoperative hypoalbuminemia (90.3% vs 80.7%, P<0.001) and the number of rescue opioid analgesic requirements after surgery (P=0.006) were significantly higher than those in the non-massive introperative blood loss group. Conclusions: Longer operation duration, higher number of fusion levels, lower BMI, lower preoperative PLT, higher INR, larger preoperative Cobb angle and intraoperative thoraplasty are independent risk factors for massive intraoperative blood loss in AIS patients undergoing PSF surgery. Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid and dexmedetomidine can reduce the risk of massive blood loss in PSF surgery. Massive intraoperative blood loss significantly affects the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - J J Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y E Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - X P Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Z L Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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Jang W, Song JS, Kim SH, Yang JD. Comparison of Compressed Sensing and Gradient and Spin-Echo in Breath-Hold 3D MR Cholangiopancreatography: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040634. [PMID: 33915832 PMCID: PMC8065789 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is routinely used, compressed sensing MRCP (CS-MRCP) and gradient and spin-echo MRCP (GRASE-MRCP) with breath-holding (BH) may allow sufficient image quality with shorter acquisition times. This study qualitatively and quantitatively compared BH-CS-MRCP and BH-GRASE-MRCP and evaluated their clinical effectiveness. Data from 59 consecutive patients who underwent both BH-CS-MRCP and BH-GRASE-MRCP were qualitatively analyzed using a five-point Likert-type scale. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the common bile duct (CBD), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the CBD and liver, and contrast ratio between periductal tissue and the CBD were measured. Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and McNemar’s test were used for statistical analysis. No significant differences were found in overall image quality or duct visualization of the CBD, right and left 1st level intrahepatic duct (IHD), cystic duct, and proximal pancreatic duct (PD). BH-CS-MRCP demonstrated higher background suppression and better visualization of right (p = 0.004) and left 2nd level IHD (p < 0.001), mid PD (p = 0.003), and distal PD (p = 0.041). Image quality degradation was less with BH-GRASE-MRCP than BH-CS-MRCP (p = 0.025). Of 24 patients with communication between a cyst and the PD, 21 (87.5%) and 15 patients (62.5%) demonstrated such communication on BH-CS-MRCP and BH-GRASE-MRCP, respectively. SNR, contrast ratio, and CNR of BH-CS-MRCP were higher than BH-GRASE-MRCP (p < 0.001). Both BH-CS-MRCP and BH-GRASE-MRCP are useful imaging methods with sufficient image quality. Each method has advantages, such as better visualization of small ducts with BH-CS-MRCP and greater time saving with BH-GRASE-MRCP. These differences allow diverse choices for visualization of the pancreaticobiliary tree in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Jang
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (W.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (W.J.); (S.H.K.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-250-1150
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (W.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
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Kim SW, Kim YR, Choi KH, Cho EY, Song JS, Kim JE, Kim TH, Lee YH, Yoon KH. Staging of Liver Fibrosis by Means of Semiautomatic Measurement of Liver Surface Nodularity in MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:624-630. [PMID: 32755157 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of a semiautomatic method of measuring liver surface nodularity (LSN) on contrast-enhanced MR images and to compare the LSN score with pathologic fibrosis stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included patients who had undergone gadoxetate disodium-enhanced liver MRI 6 months before or after histopathologic investigation including percutaneous parenchymal biopsy and surgical biopsy for staging of chronic liver disease between January 2010 and December 2018. Semiautomated LSN quantification software was developed to measure LSN at MRI. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4 index were derived from serum laboratory test results. The reference standard for staging of liver fibrosis was Metavir score. The accuracy of LSN score for staging of liver fibrosis was evaluated with AUC, and the optimal cutoff value was calculated by Youden index. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS. The study included 132 patients (93 men, 39 women). LSN score was evaluated without technical failure. There was high correlation between LSN score and Metavir score (Spearman ρ = 0.713, p < 0.001). The AUCs of LSN score for distinguishing Metavir score were 0.93 for F0-F1 versus F2-F4 (95% CI, 0.88-0.97; p < 0.001), 0.98 for F0-F2 vs F3-F4 (95% CI, 0.95-1.00; p < 0.001), and 0.83 for F0-F3 versus F4 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90; p < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for differentiating F0-F2 from F3-F4 was 0.850 with 100% sensitivity and 85.4% specificity. CONCLUSION. LSN score calculated semiautomatically from MR images of the liver has high accuracy and correlates directly with the pathologic fibrosis stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Youe Ree Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Ha Choi
- Department of Pathology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Choi EJ, Youk JH, Choi H, Song JS. Dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI of invasive breast cancer for the prediction of sentinel lymph node status. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 51:615-626. [PMID: 31313393 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the current standard for identifying lymph metastasis in breast cancer patients, there are complications of SLNB. PURPOSE To evaluate preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of invasive breast cancer for predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 309 patients who underwent clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer surgery FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T, DCE-MRI, DWI. ASSESSMENT We collected clinicopathologic variables (age, histologic and nuclear grade, extensive intraductal carcinoma component, lymphovascular invasion, and immunohistochemical profiles) and preoperative MRI features (tumor size, background parenchymal enhancement, internal enhancement, adjacent vessel sign, whole-breast vascularity, initial enhancement pattern, kinetic curve types, quantitative kinetic parameters, tumoral apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], peritumoral maximal ADC, and peritumoral-tumoral ADC ratio). STATISTICAL TESTS Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine independent variables associated with SLN metastasis, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was analyzed for those variables. RESULTS 41 (13.3%) of the patients showed SLN metastasis. With MRI, tumor size (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.17), heterogeneous (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.71-16.58), and rim (OR, 15.54; 95% CI, 2.12-113.72) enhancement and peritumoral-tumoral ADC ratio (OR, 72.79; 95% CI, 7.15-740.82) were independently associated with SLN metastasis. Clinicopathologic variables independently associated with SLN metastasis included age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) and CD31 (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.04-8.92). The area under the curve (AUC) of MRI features (0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87) was significantly higher than for clinicopathologic variables (0.68; 95% CI, 0.60-0.77; P = 0.048) and was barely below statistical significance for combined MRI features with clinicopathologic variables (0.84; 95% CI 0.78-0.90, P = 0.057). DATA CONCLUSION Preoperative internal enhancement on DCE-MRI and peritumoral-tumoral ADC ratio on DWI might be useful for predicting SLN metastasis in patients with invasive breast cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:615-626.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju City, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Youk
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemi Choi
- Department of Statistics, Research Institute of Applied Statistics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, 54896, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju City, South Korea
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Shin MK, Song JS, Hwang SB, Hwang HP, Kim YJ, Moon WS. Liver Fibrosis Assessment with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Value of Liver Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Normalization Using the Spleen as a Reference Organ. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030107. [PMID: 31466404 PMCID: PMC6787628 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis staging is of great clinical importance because it is used to assess the severity of the underlying chronic liver disease. Among various imaging-based methods, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has the potential to be used as an imaging biomarker for liver fibrosis assessment. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of liver ADC normalization using the spleen as a reference organ in liver fibrosis staging with 66 patients who underwent liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transient elastography (TE), and surgical resection of a hepatic mass. ADC values of the liver (ADCliver) and spleen were analyzed, and the spleen was used for ADCliver normalization (nADCliver). ADCliver showed a weak negative correlation with TE (r = −0.246; p = 0.047) and fibrosis stage (r = −0.269; p = 0.029), while n ADCliver showed a moderate negative correlation with TE (r = −0.504; p < 0.001) and fibrosis stage (r = −0.579; p < 0.001). AUC values for nADCliver (0.777–0.875) were higher than those for ADCliver for each stage of fibrosis (0.596–0.713, p = 0.037–0.157). AUC values for TE (0.726–0.884) and nADCliver were not statistically different. In conclusion, normalized liver ADC can be useful in diagnosing liver fibrosis stage in patients with variable DWI acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ki Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Seung Bae Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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Jeong Y, Cho SC, Cho HJ, Song JS, Kong JS, Park JW, Ku YH. Estrogen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2018; 36:54-58. [PMID: 31620613 PMCID: PMC6784621 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare type of endocrine malignancy with an annual incidence of approximately 1–2 cases per million. The majority of these tumors secrete cortisol, and a few secrete aldosterone or androgen. Estrogen-secreting adrenocortical carcinomas are extremely rare, irrespective of the secretion status of other adrenocortical hormones. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man with a cortisol and estrogen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. The patient presented with gynecomastia and abdominal discomfort. Radiological assessment revealed a tumor measuring 21×15.3×12 cm localized to the retroperitoneum. A hormonal evaluation revealed increased levels of estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol. The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy, and the pathological examination revealed an adrenocortical carcinoma with a Weiss’ score of 6. After surgery, he was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Twenty-one months after treatment, the patient remains alive with no evidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Joon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seog Kong
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Department of Urology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hyi Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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You JH, Song JS, Jang KY, Lee MR. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of metastatic rectal linitis plastica from prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:554-558. [PMID: 30397613 PMCID: PMC6212608 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i12.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Linitis plastica is a rare condition showing circumferentially infiltrating intramural anaplastic carcinoma in a hollow viscus, resulting in a tissue thickening of the involved organ as constricted, inelastic, and rigid. While most secondary rectal linitis plastica (RLP) is caused by metastasis from stomach, breast, gallbladder, or bladder cancer, we report an extremely rare and unique case of secondary RLP due to prostate cancer with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). A 78-year-old man presented with approximately a 2-mo history of constipation and without cancer history. On sigmoidoscopy, there was a luminal narrowing and thickening of rectum with mucosa being grossly normal in its appearance. On contrast-enhanced CT, marked contrast enhancement with wall thickening of rectum was noted. On pelvic MRI, rectal wall thickening showed a target sign on both T2-weighted imaging and DWI. A diffuse infiltrative lesion was suspected in the prostate gland based on low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging and restricted diffusion. A transanal full-thickness excisional biopsy revealed metastasis from a prostate adenocarcinoma invading the submucosa to the muscularis propria consistent with metastatic RLP. We would like to emphasize the CT and MRI findings of metastatic RLP due to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee You
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Min Ro Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Yang HJ, Song JS, Choi EJ, Choi H, Yang JD, Moon WS. Hypovascular hypointense nodules in hepatobiliary phase without T2 hyperintensity: long-term outcomes and added value of DWI in predicting hypervascular transformation. Clin Imaging 2018; 50:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Song JS, Choi EJ, Hwang SB, Hwang HP, Choi H. LI-RADS v2014 categorization of hepatocellular carcinoma: Intraindividual comparison between gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:401-410. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim YN, Song JS, Moon WS, Hwang HP, Kim YK. Intra-individual comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging features on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI, and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:639-648. [PMID: 28825310 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117728534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Gadoxetic acid is being widely used for detection and characterization of hepatic nodules. However, there are no data regarding intra-individual comparison of imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on dynamic computed tomography (CT), gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-DTPA-MRI), and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI). Purpose To evaluate typical imaging features of HCC and capsule appearance with dynamic CT, Gd-DTPA-MRI, and Gd-EOB-MRI. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 56 HCCs in 49 patients. Lesion attenuation/signal intensity was graded using a five-point scale based on dynamic phase and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) imaging. Subjective washout and capsule appearance were evaluated on portal venous phase (PVP) or delayed/transitional phase (DP/TP) imaging. The tumor-to-liver contrast ratio (TLCR) was calculated. Results Gd-DTPA-MRI and Gd-EOB-MRI was graded higher than CT on arterial phase ( P < 0.001). Gd-EOB-MRI was graded lower than Gd-DTPA-MRI on PVP and DP/TP ( P < 0.05). The detection rate of subjective washout and capsule appearance did not differ among the three imaging studies on either PVP or DP/TP. TLCR of Gd-EOB-MRI was lower than CT on PVP ( P = 0.004) and was lower than Gd-DTPA-MRI on DP/TP ( P = 0.001). Conclusion Arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout appearance of HCC were well demonstrated in Gd-EOB-MRI. The detection of capsule appearance using Gd-EOB-MRI was not inferior to Gd-DTPA-MRI or CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan, Republic of Korea
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Song JS, Yu HC, Moon WS. A growing hepatic mass in a cryptogenic cirrhosis patient. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:645-646. [PMID: 29050462 PMCID: PMC5943663 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Moon
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Korea
- Correspondence to Woo Sung Moon, M.D. Tel: +82-63-270-3086 Fax: +82-63-270-3135 E-mail:
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Kim BR, Song JS, Choi EJ, Hwang SB, Hwang HP. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Upper Abdominal Organs Acquired with Multiple B-Value Combinations: Value of Normalization Using Spleen as the Reference Organ. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19:389-396. [PMID: 29713216 PMCID: PMC5904465 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the upper abdominal organs acquired with multiple b-value combinations and to investigate usefulness of normalization. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data, including 3T diffusion-weighted images, of 100 patients (56 men, 44 women; mean age, 63.9) that underwent liver magnetic resonance imaging. An ADC map was derived with the following six b-value combinations: b1 = 0, 50, 400, 800; b2 = 0, 800; b3 = 0, 50, 800; b4 = 0, 400, 800; b5 = 50, 800; and b6 = 50, 400, 800 s/mm2. ADC values of the right liver lobe, left liver lobe, spleen, pancreas, right kidney, and left kidney were measured. ADC values of the spleen were used for normalization. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), comparison of dependent ICCs, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients of the original ADC revealed moderate to substantial agreement (0.5145-0.6509), while normalized ADCs revealed almost perfect agreement (0.8014-0.8569). ICC of normalized ADC for all anatomical regions revealed significantly less variability than that of the original ADC (p < 0.05). Coefficient of variance for normalized ADC was significantly lower than that for the original ADC (3.0.3.8% vs. 4.8.8.8%, p < 0.05). Conclusion Normalization of the ADC values of the upper abdominal organs using the spleen as the reference organ significantly decreased variability in ADC measurement acquired with multiple b-value combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Seung Bae Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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Lim B, Hwang M, Song JS, Ryu AJ, Joung B, Shim EB, Ryu H, Pak HN. 1008Effectiveness of atrial fibrillation rotor ablation is dependent on conduction velocity: an in-silico 3-dimensional modeling study. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Lim
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Hwang
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Song
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - A J Ryu
- Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E B Shim
- Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea Republic of
| | - H Ryu
- NVIDIA, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea Republic of
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Yokoo T, Serai SD, Pirasteh A, Bashir MR, Hamilton G, Hernando D, Hu HH, Hetterich H, Kühn JP, Kukuk GM, Loomba R, Middleton MS, Obuchowski NA, Song JS, Tang A, Wu X, Reeder SB, Sirlin CB. Linearity, Bias, and Precision of Hepatic Proton Density Fat Fraction Measurements by Using MR Imaging: A Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2018; 286:486-498. [PMID: 28892458 PMCID: PMC5813433 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the linearity, bias, and precision of hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measurements by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging across different field strengths, imager manufacturers, and reconstruction methods. Materials and Methods This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic literature search identified studies that evaluated the linearity and/or bias of hepatic PDFF measurements by using MR imaging (hereafter, MR imaging-PDFF) against PDFF measurements by using colocalized MR spectroscopy (hereafter, MR spectroscopy-PDFF) or the precision of MR imaging-PDFF. The quality of each study was evaluated by using the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy 2 tool. De-identified original data sets from the selected studies were pooled. Linearity was evaluated by using linear regression between MR imaging-PDFF and MR spectroscopy-PDFF measurements. Bias, defined as the mean difference between MR imaging-PDFF and MR spectroscopy-PDFF measurements, was evaluated by using Bland-Altman analysis. Precision, defined as the agreement between repeated MR imaging-PDFF measurements, was evaluated by using a linear mixed-effects model, with field strength, imager manufacturer, reconstruction method, and region of interest as random effects. Results Twenty-three studies (1679 participants) were selected for linearity and bias analyses and 11 studies (425 participants) were selected for precision analyses. MR imaging-PDFF was linear with MR spectroscopy-PDFF (R2 = 0.96). Regression slope (0.97; P < .001) and mean Bland-Altman bias (-0.13%; 95% limits of agreement: -3.95%, 3.40%) indicated minimal underestimation by using MR imaging-PDFF. MR imaging-PDFF was precise at the region-of-interest level, with repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of 2.99% and 4.12%, respectively. Field strength, imager manufacturer, and reconstruction method each had minimal effects on reproducibility. Conclusion MR imaging-PDFF has excellent linearity, bias, and precision across different field strengths, imager manufacturers, and reconstruction methods. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article. An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on October 2, 2017.
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Choi EJ, Choi H, Park EH, Song JS, Youk JH. Evaluation of an automated breast volume scanner according to the fifth edition of BI-RADS for breast ultrasound compared with hand-held ultrasound. Eur J Radiol 2018; 99:138-145. [PMID: 29362145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) in comparison with hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) according to the fifth edition of BI-RADS ultrasound. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 831 lesions in 786 patients who underwent both HHUS and ABVS were included. Three radiologists independently evaluated the sonographic features of each lesion according to the fifth BI-RADS edition. The kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated for each BI-RADS descriptor and final assessment category. The accuracy of malignancy prediction and diagnostic performance of the BI-RADS descriptors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), respectively. RESULTS ABVS and HHUS showed moderate to good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.53-0.67 and 0.55-0.70, respectively) except in associated features (κ = 0.31 and 0.36, respectively) for BI-RADS lexicons. Irregular shape, a non-circumscribed margin, and posterior features (combined or shadowing) were independently associated with malignancy in both ABVS and HHUS. Calcification presence on ABVS (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.09, 1.11-3.94) and non-parallel orientation on HHUS (OR, 95% CI: 2.04, 1.10-3.78) were independently associated with malignancy. There were no significant differences between ABVS and HHUS in sensitivity (84.2% vs. 84.2%), specificity (80.5% vs. 83.9%), or AUC (0.88 vs. 0.90). CONCLUSIONS According to the fifth BI-RADS edition, ABVS is not statistically significantly different from HHUS with regard to interobserver variability and diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 54907, South Korea.
| | - Hyemi Choi
- Department of Statistics, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute of Applied Statistics, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 54896, South Korea.
| | - Eun Hae Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 54907, South Korea.
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 54907, South Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Youk
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, South Korea.
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Kim YN, Song JS. Cystic metastasis from a mucinous adenocarcinoma of duodenum mimicking type II choledochal cyst: A case report. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 9:492-496. [PMID: 29290919 PMCID: PMC5740089 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v9.i12.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital because of an incidentally detected cystic mass near the common bile duct (CBD). Imaging studies demonstrated a cystic mass that was suspected to communicate with the CBD. Gastroscopy showed irregular mucosal thickening with hyperemic change in the second portion of the duodenum. A type II choledochal cyst combined with duodenal malignancy was suspected. The patient underwent surgical resection and the histological diagnosis was mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with cystic metastasis. Although its incidence is extremely rare, care should be taken to check for other sites of malignancy when a pericholedochal cystic mass is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
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Chen Y, Song JS. [The clinical application status and progression of auditory steady-state evoked response]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:1854-1857. [PMID: 29798404 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.23.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Auditory steady-state evoked response(ASSR) is an objective method to evaluate hearing threshold. Recently, it was reported that CE-Chirp ASSR is more reliable than the conventional ASSR in predicting the behavioral hearing threshold. Many reseaches were conducted to improve the reliability of ASSR threshold and behavioral threshold. This paper reviewed the development, principle, clinical application status, and progress of ASSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - J S Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
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Song JS, Choi EJ, Park EH, Lee JH. Comparison of transient severe motion in gadoxetate disodium and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI: effect of modified breath-holding method. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:1132-1139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Im WH, Song JS, Park EH, Kwak HS. Transient severe motion in the arterial phase during gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging: evaluation of patients with multiple MR examinations. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:2393-2401. [PMID: 28396919 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether patients undergoing multiple gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) examinations who experienced transient severe motion (TSM) in the arterial phase were affected by the TSM noted in the first examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS 214 patients who underwent three or more repeated gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging were retrospectively analyzed. Three radiologists scored all of the examinations demonstrating a motion artifact using a five-point rating scale. Risk factor analysis and comparison of TSM recurrence rates were performed in the whole study population as well as in a subpopulation of patients with TSM. RESULTS The overall incidence of TSM was 5.9% (54/922), which was observed in 40 patients. Thirty-two patients had one episode of TSM, and eight patients had recurrent TSM. Although TSM in the first examination increased the risk of recurrent TSM in the whole population (OR 24.45; P < 0.001), the incidence of recurrent TSM was low (2.4%, 22/922). On subpopulation analysis, TSM in the first examination did not influence recurrent TSM (OR 0.36; P = 0.250). CONCLUSION Patients undergoing multiple gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR examinations who experienced recurrent TSM were not affected by TSM in the first examination. Therefore, a single episode of TSM should not be considered a risk factor of recurrent TSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyeong Im
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.
| | - Eun Hae Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
| | - Hyo Sung Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
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Choi JW, Song JS, Lee YJ, Jeong DU. Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep is Associated with Increased Mortality. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:669-673. [PMID: 29042893 PMCID: PMC5639136 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the association between periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and mortality. METHODS Nocturnal polysomnographic recordings of 1,344 subjects obtained from 1995 to 2008 were reviewed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on PLMS and insomnia: reference group (PLMS≤5), insomnia group (PLMS≤5 with insomnia symptoms), 5<PLMS≤15 group, and the PLMS>15 group. We searched each subject's Identification Number in the death records from the Statistics of Korea, the national bureau of statistics, to determine deaths in the cohort that occurred prior to December, 2013. Cox-proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses were used to compare mortality among the four groups. RESULTS Hazard ratios (HRs) in the 5<PLMS≤15 and PLMS>15 groups were significantly higher than that in the reference group before adjusting for age and gender [HR, 3.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.73-6.55; p<0.001; HR, 5.77; 95% CI, 3.24-10.29; p<0.001]. Only the PLMS>15 group had a higher mortality rate than that in the reference group after adjusting for age, gender, and sleep efficiency (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.06-2.21; p=0.033). CONCLUSION These results suggest that PLMS may be associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Biological Basis of Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Un Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song JS, Kwak HS, Byon JH, Jin GY. Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging of upper abdominal organs at different time points: Apparent diffusion coefficient normalization using a reference organ. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 45:1494-1501. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Song
- Department of RadiologyChonbuk National University Medical School and HospitalChonbuk South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National UniversityBiomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University HospitalChonbuk South Korea
| | - Hyo Sung Kwak
- Department of RadiologyChonbuk National University Medical School and HospitalChonbuk South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National UniversityBiomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University HospitalChonbuk South Korea
| | - Jung Hee Byon
- Department of RadiologyChonbuk National University Medical School and HospitalChonbuk South Korea
| | - Gong Yong Jin
- Department of RadiologyChonbuk National University Medical School and HospitalChonbuk South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National UniversityBiomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University HospitalChonbuk South Korea
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Kim YS, Song JS, Kannengiesser S, Seo SY. Comparison of spin-echo echoplanar imaging and gradient recalled echo-based MR elastography at 3 Tesla with and without gadoxetic acid administration. Eur Radiol 2017; 27:4120-4128. [PMID: 28289936 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare spin-echo echoplanar imaging (SE-EPI) and gradient recalled echo (GRE) MR elastography (MRE) at 3 T with and without gadoxetic acid administration. METHODS We included 84 patients who underwent MRE before and after gadoxetic acid administration, each time using SE-EPI and GRE sequences. Diagnostic performance for predicting clinical liver cirrhosis and high-risk oesophageal varices was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). The relationships between T2* and success of MRE, and correlations of liver stiffness (LS) values between the two sequences or before and after gadoxetic acid administration, were investigated. RESULTS SE-EPI-MRE resulted in a significantly lower failure rate than GRE-MRE (1.19% vs. 10.71%, P = 0.018). Increased T2* was related to higher probability of successful LS measurement (odds ratio, 1.426; P = 0.004). The AUC of SE-EPI-MRE was comparable to that of GRE-MRE for the detection of clinical liver cirrhosis (0.938 vs. 0.948, P = 0.235) and high-risk oesophageal varices (0.839 vs. 0.752, P = 0.354). LS values were not significantly different before and after gadoxetic acid administration. CONCLUSION SE-EPI-MRE can substitute for GRE-MRE for the detection of clinical liver cirrhosis and high-risk oesophageal varices. SE-EPI-MRE is particularly useful in patients with iron deposition, with lower failure rates than GRE-MRE. KEY POINTS • LS values are comparable between SE-EPI-MRE and GRE-MRE. • Administration of gadoxetic acid does not influence LS measurement. • The failure rate of SE-EPI-MRE is significantly lower than that of GRE-MRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Seek Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.
| | | | - Seung Young Seo
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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40
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Park DW, Kim SH, Moon JY, Song JS, Choi J, Kwak HJ, Jeong MG, Ro YS, Kim TH, Sohn JW, Shin DH, Park SS, Yoon HJ. The effect of low-volatile organic compounds, water-based paint on aggravation of allergic disease in schoolchildren. Indoor Air 2017; 27:320-328. [PMID: 27007057 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whether indoor painting aggravates preexisting allergic diseases remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of new classroom painting on aggravation of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Studied school was previously painted with conventional water-based paint 20 years ago and had natural ventilation system. We identified a total of 172 children aged 10-12 years with allergic diseases in 17 classrooms, which were allocated to newly painted rooms with low-volatile organic compounds (VOC), water-based paint, or existing rooms. After painting, there was no intervention or internal airflow to influence indoor air environment in both classrooms. We prospectively assessed the symptom severity and serious events of allergic diseases between both classrooms at baseline and after one and eight weeks after painting. At one and eight weeks, there were no significant changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test scores, the fractional nitric oxide levels, lung function in asthmatic children in either classroom. There were also no significant changes in the severity score of AR or AD, or serious events in all allergic diseases. These findings suggest classroom painting with this new paint at the levels encountered in this study might not be a major aggravating factor for school-aged children with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M G Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Ro
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Song JS, Takimoto K, Jeon M, Vadakekalam J, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A. Decellularized Human Dental Pulp as a Scaffold for Regenerative Endodontics. J Dent Res 2017; 96:640-646. [PMID: 28196330 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517693606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth undergo postnatal organogenesis relatively late in life and only complete full maturation a few years after the crown first erupts in the oral cavity. At this stage, development can be arrested if the tooth organ is damaged by either trauma or caries. Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a treatment alternative to conventional root canal treatment for immature teeth. These procedures rely on the transfer of apically positioned stem cells, including stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), into the root canal system. Although clinical success has been reported for these procedures, the predictability of expected outcomes and the organization of the newly formed tissues are affected by the lack of an available suitable scaffold that mimics the complexity of the dental pulp extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we evaluated 3 methods of decellularization of human dental pulp to be used as a potential autograft scaffold. Tooth slices of human healthy extracted third molars were decellularized by 3 different methods. One of the methods generated the maximum observed decellularization with minimal impact on the ECM composition and organization. Furthermore, recellularization of the scaffold supported the proliferation of SCAP throughout the scaffold with differentiation into odontoblast-like cells near the dentinal walls. Thus, this study reports that human dental pulp from healthy extracted teeth can be successfully decellularized, and the resulting scaffold supports the proliferation and differentiation of SCAP. The future application of this form of an autograft in REPs can fulfill a yet unmet need for a suitable scaffold, potentially improving clinical outcomes and ultimately promoting the survival and function of teeth with otherwise poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Song
- 1 Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Takimoto
- 1 Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Jeon
- 3 Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Vadakekalam
- 1 Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - N B Ruparel
- 1 Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Diogenes
- 1 Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Yun JS, Song JS, Choi EJ, Hwang JH, Lee CS, Park EH. Successfully Managed Acute Transverse Myelitis Related to Scrub Typhus and Serial Image Findings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:557-560. [PMID: 28115665 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system involvement manifesting as meningitis or meningoencephalitis is a known complication of scrub typhus, but very few spinal cord lesions such as acute transverse myelitis (ATM) have been reported in association with this disease. Scrub typhus patients with a spinal lesion present with neurologic symptoms including dysuria, motor, and sensory weakness. Herein, we describe a rare case of ATM associated with scrub typhus. Clinical characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid cytology, Orientia tsutsugamushi serum antibody titer, and serial magnetic resonance imaging scans resulted in a diagnosis of ATM associated with scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Yun
- Seoul Regional Military Manpower Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun Hae Park
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Choi JW, Song JS, Lee YJ, Won TB, Jeong DU. Increased Mortality in Relation to Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Korean Patients Studied with Nocturnal Polysomnography. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:49-56. [PMID: 27655449 PMCID: PMC5181613 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To elucidate the links between the two most prevalent sleep disorders, insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and mortality. METHODS We studied 4,225 subjects who were referred to the Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University Hospital, from January 1994 to December 2008. We divided the subjects into five groups: mild OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate OSA (15 ≤ AHI < 30), severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30), insomnia, and a no-sleep-disorder group consisting of subjects without sleep disorders. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR), hazard ratio, and the survival rates of the five groups were calculated and evaluated. RESULTS The SMR of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the severe OSA group than in the general population (1.52, 95% CI 1.23-1.85, p < 0.05). The SMR of cardiovascular mortality increased progressively with the severity of OSA (no-sleep-disorder: 0.09, mild: 0.40, moderate: 0.52, severe: 1.79, p < 0.05). Statistical analyses of the hazard ratios indicated that severe OSA is a risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.03-11.91, p = 0.045) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 17.16, 95% CI 2.29-128.83, p = 0.006). Cardiovascular mortality was also significantly elevated in the insomnia group (HR 8.11, 95% CI 1.03-63.58, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Severe OSA was associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality compared to the no-sleep-disorder group. Insomnia was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality compared to the no-sleep-disorder group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Biological Basis of Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bin Won
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Un Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The regeneration of structurally/functionally competent tooth root cementum is a critical step for the successful restoration of periodontal attachment. In this study, we tested whether a poly-glutamic acid-rich domain and glutamine-containing transglutaminase substrate can be used to target biologically active peptides to the mineralized root matrix and to bind such peptides covalently to the organic matrix. As a biologically active model molecule, the integrin-binding motif, RGD, was used. The effects of immobilization of such synthetic peptides to the dentin matrix on cementoblastic adhesion in vitro and cementogenesis in vivo were studied. In vitro, cementoblastic adhesion improved significantly when the dentin surface contained covalently bound peptides. In vivo, this bound peptide significantly increased cementum formation compared with that attained in control conditions. Transglutaminase-catalyzed covalent binding of bioactive peptides targeted to mineralized collagenous dentin matrix via the poly-glutamate domain can be readily achieved. This approach offers potential for clinical use in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Song
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Levy Bldg, Rm 423, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Lee HS, Lee JH, Kim SO, Song JS, Kim BI, Kim YJ, Lee JH. Comparison of the oral microbiome of siblings using next-generation sequencing: a pilot study. Oral Dis 2016; 22:549-56. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H-S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - JH Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; College of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - S-O Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - JS Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - BI Kim
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - YJ Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
- Oral Science Research Center; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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Song JS, Hwang SB, Chung GH, Jin GY. Intra-Individual, Inter-Vendor Comparison of Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of Upper Abdominal Organs at 3.0 Tesla with an Emphasis on the Value of Normalization with the Spleen. Korean J Radiol 2016; 17:209-17. [PMID: 26957905 PMCID: PMC4781759 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of upper abdominal organs with 2 different 3.0 tesla MR systems and to investigate the usefulness of normalization using the spleen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one patients were enrolled in this prospective study, of which, 35 patients (M:F, 27:8; mean age ± standard deviation, 62.3 ± 12.3 years) were finally analyzed. In addition to the routine liver MR protocol, single-shot spin-echo echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging using b values of 0, 50, 400, and 800 s/mm(2) in 2 different MR systems was performed. ADC values of the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney and liver lesion (if present) were measured and analyzed. ADC values of the spleen were used for normalization. The Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, paired sample t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Bland-Altman method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS For all anatomical regions and liver lesions, both non-normalized and normalized ADC values from 2 different MR systems showed significant correlations (r = 0.5196-0.8488). Non-normalized ADC values of both MR systems differed significantly in all anatomical regions and liver lesions (p < 0.001). However, the normalized ADC of all anatomical regions and liver lesions did not differ significantly (p = 0.065-0.661), with significantly lower coefficient of variance than that of non-normalized ADC (p < 0.009). CONCLUSION Normalization of the abdominal ADC values using the spleen as a reference organ reduces differences between different MR systems, and could facilitate consistent use of ADC as an imaging biomarker for multi-center or longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Seung Bae Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Gyung Ho Chung
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Gong Yong Jin
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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Kim YS, Song JS, Lee HK, Han YM. Hypovascular hypointense nodules on hepatobiliary phase without T2 hyperintensity on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images in patients with chronic liver disease: long-term outcomes and risk factors for hypervascular transformation. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:3728-36. [PMID: 26670318 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term outcomes and imaging features associated with hypervascularization of hypovascular nodules that show T2 iso-/hypointensity and hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients with chronic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients and 114 nodules, which were hypovascular and iso-/hypointense on T2-weighted images and hypointense on HBP of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, were included. We evaluated the effect of baseline clinical features, baseline MR features and growth rate on subsequent hypervascularization. RESULTS Twenty-seven nodules in 21 patients transformed to hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using multivariate Cox analysis, T1 hyperintensity (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.69, P = 0.021), previous history of HCC (HR = 2.64, P = 0.021), and initial nodule size (HR = 1.09, P = 0.046) were identified to be associated with hypervascularization. The growth rate of nodules was a more powerful determinant of subsequent hypervascularization than baseline clinical and MR features. At long-term follow-up after >3 years, only one nodule with T1 isointensity showed hypervascularization. CONCLUSION Careful follow-up or diagnostic procedures, such as biopsy, should be considered for up to 3 years after detection of hypointense nodules on HBP with T1 hyperintensity or a higher growth rate. KEY POINTS • T1 hyperintensity is a baseline MR predictive factor for subsequent hypervascularization. • A higher growth rate is a more powerful determinant of subsequent hypervascularization. • Management of patients with these predictive factors requires more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Seek Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Chonbuk, 561-712, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Chonbuk, 561-712, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Korea.
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Chonbuk, 561-712, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Chonbuk, 561-712, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk, Korea
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48
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Chun S, Song JS, Yu S, Kim JS, Kwon OJ, Kang ES. Identification of a novel HLA-C*03 variant allele, C*03:280 by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:455-6. [PMID: 26514239 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The new allele, HLA-C*03:280 differs from C*03:04:01 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 35 (CGG→CAG).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O J Kwon
- Biowithus Life Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - E S Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Watanabe YX, Kim YH, Jeong SC, Hirayama Y, Imai N, Ishiyama H, Jung HS, Miyatake H, Choi S, Song JS, Clement E, de France G, Navin A, Rejmund M, Schmitt C, Pollarolo G, Corradi L, Fioretto E, Montanari D, Niikura M, Suzuki D, Nishibata H, Takatsu J. Pathway for the Production of Neutron-Rich Isotopes around the N=126 Shell Closure. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:172503. [PMID: 26551108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.172503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Absolute cross sections for isotopically identified products formed in multinucleon transfer in the (136)Xe+(198)Pt system at ∼8 MeV/nucleon are reported. The isotopic distributions obtained using a large acceptance spectrometer demonstrated the production of the "hard-to-reach" neutron-rich isotopes for Z<78 around the N=126 shell closure far from stability. The main contribution to the formation of these exotic nuclei is shown to arise in collisions with a small kinetic energy dissipation. The present experimental finding corroborates for the first time recent predictions that multinucleon transfer reactions would be the optimum method to populate and characterize neutron-rich isotopes around N=126 which are crucial for understanding both astrophysically relevant processes and the evolution of "magic" numbers far from stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Watanabe
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S C Jeong
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Y Hirayama
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - N Imai
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Ishiyama
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Jung
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Miyatake
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J S Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34047, Korea
| | - E Clement
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - G de France
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - A Navin
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - M Rejmund
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - C Schmitt
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - G Pollarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Università di Torino, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Corradi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - E Fioretto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - D Montanari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Niikura
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire (IPN), IN2P3-CNRS, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Suzuki
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire (IPN), IN2P3-CNRS, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - H Nishibata
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - J Takatsu
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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50
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Kang CM, Kim SH, Shin Y, Lee HS, Lee JH, Kim GT, Song JS. A randomized controlled trial of ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA and RetroMTA for pulpotomy in primary molars. Oral Dis 2015; 21:785-91. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C-M Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Y Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - H-S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Dental school; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - GT Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial radiology; Dental school; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - JS Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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