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Crosby A. Rethinking housing insecurity: Property relations and domicide in settler colonial Canada. Can Rev Sociol 2023; 60:172-178. [PMID: 36693794 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Crosby
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Cameron J, Crosby A, Paszkowski C, Bayne E. Visual spectrogram scanning paired with an observation–confirmation occupancy model improves the efficiency and accuracy of bioacoustic anuran data. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring using autonomous recording units has improved anuran amphibian call survey data collection. A challenge associated with this approach is the time required for audio data processing. Our objective was to develop a more efficient method of processing and analyzing acoustic data through visual spectrogram scanning and the application of an observation–confirmation occupancy model. We compared detection rates between methods of standard recording listening and visually scanning spectrogram images using different spectrogram parameters. Relative to listening, we found that 1 min spectrograms in two 30 s frames yield the best time efficiency–accuracy trade-off. A standard occupancy model applied to visual scanning data underestimated occupancy estimates relative to listening data for three species and overestimated occupancy for one species. The observation–confirmation model used a subset of listening data to improve the estimates of detection probability from visual scanning and therefore reduced bias in occupancy estimates when compared with using visual scanning data alone. Overall, the combination of the visual scanning method and the observation–confirmation model allowed us to maintain the accuracy of occupancy estimates while greatly increasing the efficiency of anuran data processing. These methods are widely applicable and can increase sample size and precision for acoustic monitoring programs using autonomous recording units.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cameron
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - A. Crosby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - C. Paszkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - E. Bayne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Garland L, Crosby A, Hedley R, Boutin S, Bayne E. Acoustic vs. photographic monitoring of gray wolves (Canis lupus): a methodological comparison of two passive monitoring techniques. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Remote camera traps are often used in large-mammal research and monitoring programs because they are cost-effective, allow for repeat surveys, and can be deployed for long time periods. Statistical advancements in calculating population densities from camera-trap data have increased the popularity of camera usage in mammal studies. However, drawbacks to camera traps include their limited sampling area and tendency for animals to notice the devices. In contrast, autonomous recording units (ARUs) record the sounds of animals with a much larger sampling area but are dependent on animals producing detectable vocalizations. In this study, we compared estimates of occupancy and detectability between ARUs and remote cameras for gray wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) in northern Alberta, Canada. We found ARUs to be comparable with cameras in their detectability and occupancy of wolves, despite only operating for 3% of the time that cameras were active. However, combining cameras and ARUs resulted in the highest detection probabilities for wolves. These advances in survey technology and statistical methods provide innovative avenues for large-mammal monitoring that, when combined, can be applied to a broad spectrum of conservation and management questions, provided assumptions for these methods are rigorously tested and met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Andrew Crosby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Richard Hedley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Erin Bayne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Brady AF, Jamieson CR, van der Burgt I, Crosby A, van Reen M, Kremer H, Mariman E, Patton MA, Jeffery S. Further Delineation of the Critical Region for Noonan Syndrome on the Long Arm of Chromosome 12. Eur J Hum Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000484786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Barker DC, Wang S, Merriman D, Crosby A, Resnick EA, Chaloupka FJ. Estimating cigarette tax avoidance and evasion: evidence from a national sample of littered packs. Tob Control 2018; 25:i38-i43. [PMID: 27697946 PMCID: PMC5099225 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of recent studies document the proportion of all cigarette packs that are 'contraband' using discarded packs to measure tax avoidance and evasion, which we call tax non-compliance. To date, academic studies using discarded packs focused on relatively small geographical areas such as a city or a neighbourhood. METHODS We visited 160 communities across 38 US states in 2012 and collected data from littered cigarette packs as part of the State and Community Tobacco Control (SCTC) Research Initiative and the Bridging the Gap Community Obesity Measures Project (BTG-COMP). Data collectors were trained in a previously tested littered pack data collection protocol. RESULTS Field teams collected 2116 packs with cellophane across 132 communities. We estimate a national tax non-compliance rate of 18.5% with considerable variation across regions. Suburban areas had lower non-compliance than urban areas as well as areas with high and low median household income areas compared with middle income areas. DISCUSSION We present the first academic national study of tax non-compliance using littered cigarette packs. We demonstrate the feasibility of meaningful large-scale data collection using this methodology and document considerable variation in tax non-compliance across areas, suggesting that both policy differences and geography may be important in control of illicit tobacco use. Given the geography of open borders among countries with varying tax rates, this simple methodology may be appropriate to estimate tax non-compliance in countries that use tax stamps or other pack markings, such as health warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne C Barker
- Barker Bi-Coastal Health Consultants, Inc, Calabasas, California, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Political Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David Merriman
- University of Illinois, Institute of Government and Public Affairs, Chicago, Illinois, USA Department of Public Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Crosby
- Department of Public Administration, Pace University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elissa A Resnick
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank J Chaloupka
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Soon E, Crosby A, Southwood M, Moore S, Ron D, Marciniak S, Morrell NW. S83 Investigating the role of GCN2 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Crosby A, Soon E, Southwood M, Dunmore BJ, Toshner M, Morrell NW. S82 Bone marrow transplantation reduces susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension in BMPR2 deficient mice. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Garfield B, Shao D, Crosby A, Yang P, Morrell N, Polkey M, Kemp P, Wort SJ. P268 The role of growth and differentiation factor 15 in smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shao D, Garfied BE, Crosby A, Young P, Perros F, Humbert M, Adcock IM, Morrell N, Wort SJ. S6 The profiles of JMJD3, UTX and H3K27me3 expression in pulmonary vasculature in rat MCT model of PAH and human iPAH: implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jinks RN, Puffenberger EG, Baple E, Harding B, Crino P, Fogo AB, Wenger O, Xin B, Koehler AE, McGlincy MH, Provencher MM, Smith JD, Tran L, Al Turki S, Chioza BA, Cross H, Harlalka GV, Hurles ME, Maroofian R, Heaps AD, Morton MC, Stempak L, Hildebrandt F, Sadowski CE, Zaritsky J, Campellone K, Morton DH, Wang H, Crosby A, Strauss KA. Recessive nephrocerebellar syndrome on the Galloway-Mowat syndrome spectrum is caused by homozygous protein-truncating mutations of WDR73. Brain 2015; 138:2173-90. [PMID: 26070982 PMCID: PMC4511861 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, nephrosis, and profound intellectual disability. Jinks et al. extend the GMS spectrum by identifying a novel nephrocerebellar syndrome with selective striatal cholinergic interneuron loss and complete lateral geniculate nucleus delamination, caused by a frameshift mutation in WDR73. We describe a novel nephrocerebellar syndrome on the Galloway-Mowat syndrome spectrum among 30 children (ages 1.0 to 28 years) from diverse Amish demes. Children with nephrocerebellar syndrome had progressive microcephaly, visual impairment, stagnant psychomotor development, abnormal extrapyramidal movements and nephrosis. Fourteen died between ages 2.7 and 28 years, typically from renal failure. Post-mortem studies revealed (i) micrencephaly without polymicrogyria or heterotopia; (ii) atrophic cerebellar hemispheres with stunted folia, profound granule cell depletion, Bergmann gliosis, and signs of Purkinje cell deafferentation; (iii) selective striatal cholinergic interneuron loss; and (iv) optic atrophy with delamination of the lateral geniculate nuclei. Renal tissue showed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and extensive effacement and microvillus transformation of podocyte foot processes. Nephrocerebellar syndrome mapped to 700 kb on chromosome 15, which contained a single novel homozygous frameshift variant (WDR73 c.888delT; p.Phe296Leufs*26). WDR73 protein is expressed in human cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cultured embryonic kidney cells. It is concentrated at mitotic microtubules and interacts with α-, β-, and γ-tubulin, heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP-70; HSP-90), and the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase multi-enzyme complex. Recombinant WDR73 p.Phe296Leufs*26 and p.Arg256Profs*18 proteins are truncated, unstable, and show increased interaction with α- and β-tubulin and HSP-70/HSP-90. Fibroblasts from patients homozygous for WDR73 p.Phe296Leufs*26 proliferate poorly in primary culture and senesce early. Our data suggest that in humans, WDR73 interacts with mitotic microtubules to regulate cell cycle progression, proliferation and survival in brain and kidney. We extend the Galloway-Mowat syndrome spectrum with the first description of diencephalic and striatal neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Jinks
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Erik G Puffenberger
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA
| | - Emma Baple
- 3 RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK 4 Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK 5 Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Brian Harding
- 6 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Crino
- 7 Shriners Hospital Paediatric Research Centre, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- 8 Division of Renal Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olivia Wenger
- 9 New Leaf Clinic for Special Children, Mount Eaton, OH 44659, USA 10 Department of Paediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH 44302, USA
| | - Baozhong Xin
- 11 DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH 44062, USA
| | - Alanna E Koehler
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Madeleine H McGlincy
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Margaret M Provencher
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Smith
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Saeed Al Turki
- 12 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Barry A Chioza
- 13 Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Harold Cross
- 14 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- 13 Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- 12 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- 13 Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Adam D Heaps
- 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA
| | - Mary C Morton
- 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA
| | - Lisa Stempak
- 15 Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 16 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- 17 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA 18 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolin E Sadowski
- 18 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Zaritsky
- 19 Department of Paediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Kenneth Campellone
- 20 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - D Holmes Morton
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA 21 Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- 11 DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH 44062, USA 22 Department of Paediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrew Crosby
- 3 RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kevin A Strauss
- 1 Department of Biology and Biological Foundations of Behaviour Program, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA 2 Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA 17579, USA 21 Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA 17602, USA
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Crosby A, Soon E, Jones F, Southwood M, Haghighat L, Toshner M, Raine T, Horan I, Yang P, Davenport A, Moore S, Wright P, Dunne D, Morrell N. S34 Bmpr-ii Deficiency Leads To An Increase In Lung Egg Deposition, Pulmonary Vascular Remodelling And An Abnormal Liver Vasculature In Mice Chronically Infected With S. Mansoni. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Crosby A, Soon E, Jones F, Southwood M, Haghighat L, Toshner M, Raine T, Horan I, Yang P, Davenport A, Dunne DW, Morrell NW. S140 BMPR-II deficiency leads to an increase in egg deposition and cytokine release in the lungs of mice chronically infected with schistosomiasis. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dunmore BJ, Howard G, Crosby A, Nichols BJ, Morrell NW. S138 Blood outgrowth endothelial cells isolated from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension possess less caveolae and reduced cavin-2 expression. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ingram G, Barwick K, McEntagart M, Crosby A, Hartley L, Llewelyn G, Morris H. DISTAL SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY WITH VOCAL PARESIS: FROM THE WELSH CHOIR TO GENES. J Neurol Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306573.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ababneh FK, AlSwaid A, Youssef T, Al Azzawi M, Crosby A, AlBalwi MA. Hereditary deletion of the entire FAM20C gene in a patient with Raine syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3155-60. [PMID: 24039075 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Raine syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the FAM20C gene that is characterized by generalized osteosclerosis with periosteal new bone formation and distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism. We report on a child who is homozygous for a 487-kb deletion in 7p22.3 that contains FAM20C. Both parents were heterozygous for the deletion. Our patient had the common craniofacial features as well as, uncommon features such as protruding tongue, short stature, and hypoplastic distal phalanges. In addition, he had wormian bones and pyriform aperture stenosis, features that are usually under diagnosed. It is clear that Raine syndrome has a wide range of expression and may not be lethal in the neonatal period. Furthermore, Raine cases due to whole gene deletion do not seem to have a major difference in the phenotype over those caused by various mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouq K Ababneh
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Soon E, Crosby A, Southwood M, Pepke-Zaba J, Upton P, Morrell NW. T4 Mutations in BMPR-II Promote Inflammation Via Altered Superoxide Signalling: Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Upton PD, Davies RJ, Tajsic T, Long L, Crosby A, Morrell NW. S38 TGF-Beta1 Negatively Regulates BMP4 Signalling in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Via A Smad3-Dependent Mechanism. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Howard LS, Crosby A, Vaughan P, Sobolewski A, Southwood M, Foster ML, Chilvers ER, Morrell NW. Distinct responses to hypoxia in subpopulations of distal pulmonary artery cells contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in emphysema. Pulm Circ 2012; 2:241-9. [PMID: 22837865 PMCID: PMC3401878 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.97616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that hypoxia inhibits the growth of distal human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) isolated under standard normoxic conditions (PASMC(norm)). By contrast, a subpopulation of PASMC, isolated through survival selection under hypoxia was found to proliferate in response to hypoxia (PASMC(hyp)). We sought to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in these differential responses and to assess the relationship between HIF, proliferation, apoptosis, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in emphysema. PASMC were derived from lobar resections for lung cancer. Hypoxia induced apoptosis in PASMC(norm) (as assessed by TUNEL) and mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2, and induced proliferation in PASMC(hyp) (as assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation). Both observations were mimicked by dimethyloxallyl glycine, a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor used to stabilize HIF under normoxia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling was graded in lung samples taken from patients undergoing lung volume reduction surgery for severe heterogenous emphysema. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression in the medial compartment was used as a surrogate of medial hypoxia and HIF stabilization and increased with increasing vascular remodeling. In addition, a mixture of proliferation, assessed by proliferating-cell nuclear antigen, and apoptosis, assessed by active caspase 3 staining, were both higher in more severely remodeled vessels. Hypoxia drives apoptosis and proliferation via HIF in distinct subpopulations of distal PASMC. These differential responses may be important in the pulmonary vascular remodeling seen in emphysema and further support the key role of HIF in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service (London), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Soon E, Crosby A, Southwood M, Pepke-Zaba J, Upton P, Morrell NW. S101 Heterozygous loss of BMPR-II predisposes to inflammatory cytokine secretion and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Crosby A, Soon E, Jones F, Southwood M, Dunmore B, Dunne D, Morrell NW. S98 BMPR-II mutations do not predispose to pulmonary arterial hypertension in a mouse model of schistosomiasis. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dunmore BJ, Long L, Yang XD, Crosby A, Morrell NW. S99 The anti-malarial drug and lysosomal inhibitor, chloroquine, increases cell surface expression of BMPR-II. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Crosby A, Jones FM, Kakolos E, Southwood M, Purvis I, Butrous G, Dunne DW, Morrell N. S101 Praziquantel prevents progression and reverses pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodelling in a mouse model of Schistosomiasis. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150946.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goizet C, Boukhris A, Durr A, Beetz C, Truchetto J, Tesson C, Tsaousidou M, Forlani S, Guyant-Maréchal L, Fontaine B, Guimarães J, Isidor B, Chazouillères O, Wendum D, Grid D, Chevy F, Chinnery PF, Coutinho P, Azulay JP, Feki I, Mochel F, Wolf C, Mhiri C, Crosby A, Brice A, Stevanin G. CYP7B1 mutations in pure and complex forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. Brain 2009; 132:1589-600. [PMID: 19439420 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-four different loci for hereditary spastic paraplegias have been mapped, and 16 responsible genes have been identified. Autosomal recessive forms of spastic paraplegias usually have clinically complex phenotypes but the SPG5, SPG24 and SPG28 loci are considered to be associated with 'pure' forms of the disease. Very recently, five mutations in the CYP7B1 gene, encoding a cytochrome P450 oxysterol 7-alpha hydroxylase and expressed in brain and liver, have been found in SPG5 families. We analysed the coding region and exon-intron boundaries of the CYP7B1 gene by direct sequencing in a series of 82 unrelated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia index patients, manifesting either a pure (n = 52) or a complex form (n = 30) of the disease, and in 90 unrelated index patients with sporadic pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. We identified eight, including six novel, mutations in CYP7B1 segregating in nine families. Three of these mutations were nonsense (p.R63X, p.R112X, p.Y275X) and five were missense mutations (p.T297A, p.R417H, p.R417C, p.F470I, p.R486C), the last four clustering in exon 6 at the C-terminal end of the protein. Residue R417 appeared as a mutational hot-spot. The mean age at onset in 16 patients was 16.4 +/- 12.1 years (range 4-47 years). After a mean disease duration of 28.3 +/- 13.4 years (10-58), spasticity and functional handicap were moderate to severe in all cases. Interestingly, hereditary spastic paraplegia was pure in seven SPG5 families but complex in two. In addition, white matter hyperintensities were observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging in three patients issued from two of the seven pure families. Lastly, the index case of one family had a chronic autoimmune hepatitis while his eldest brother died from cirrhosis and liver failure. Whether this association is fortuitous remains unsolved, however. The frequency of CYP7B1 mutations were 7.3% (n = 6/82) in our series of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia families and 3.3% (n = 3/90) in our series of sporadic pure spastic paraplegia. The recent identification of CYP7B1 as the gene responsible for SPG5 highlights a novel molecular mechanism involved in hereditary spastic paraplegia determinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Goizet
- INSERM/UPMC UMR_S 975 (ex U679), CRicm, Bat. Pharmacie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris Cedex 13, France
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Abstract
Motivated by experimental results, we present numerical and analytical calculations of the capillary force exerted by a capillary bridge spanning the gap between two parallel flat plates of asymmetric wettability. Depending on whether the sum of the two contact angles is smaller or larger than 180 degrees, the capillary force is either attractive or repulsive at small separations D between the plates. In either cases the magnitude of the force diverges as D approaches zero. The leading order of this divergence is captured by an analytical expression deduced from the geometry of the meniscus of a flat capillary bridge. The results for substrates with different wettability reveal an interesting behavior: with the sum of the contact angles fixed, the magnitude of the capillary force and the rupture separation decreases as the asymmetry in contact angles is increased. In addition, we present the rupture separation, i.e., the maximal extension of a capillary bridge, as a function of the contact angles. Our results provide an extensive picture of surface wettability effects on capillary adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J De Souza
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstrasse 3, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Norman M, Simpson M, Mogensen J, Shaw A, Hughes S, Syrris P, Sen-Chowdhry S, Rowland E, Crosby A, McKenna WJ. Novel mutation in desmoplakin causes arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2006; 112:636-42. [PMID: 16061754 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.104.532234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a familial heart muscle disease characterized by structural, electrical, and pathological abnormalities of the right ventricle (RV). Several disease loci have been identified. Mutations in desmoplakin have recently been isolated in both autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive forms of ARVC. Primary left ventricular (LV) variants of the disease are increasingly recognized. We report on a large family with autosomal-dominant left-sided ARVC. METHODS AND RESULTS The proband presented with sudden cardiac death and fibrofatty replacement of the LV myocardium. The family was evaluated. Diagnosis was based on modified diagnostic criteria for ARVC. Seven had inferior and/or lateral T-wave inversion on ECG, LV dilatation, and ventricular arrhythmia, predominantly extrasystoles of LV origin. Three had sustained ventricular tachycardia; 7 had late potentials on signal-averaged ECG. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in 4 patients revealed wall-motion abnormalities of the RV and patchy, late gadolinium enhancement in the LV, suggestive of fibrosis. Linkage confirmed cosegregation to the desmoplakin intragenic marker D6S2975. A heterozygous, single adenine insertion (2034insA) in the desmoplakin gene was identified in affected individuals only. A frameshift introducing a premature stop codon with truncation of the rod and carboxy terminus of desmoplakin was confirmed by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS We have described a new dominant mutation in desmoplakin that causes left-sided ARVC, with arrhythmias of LV origin, lateral T-wave inversion, and late gadolinium enhancement in the LV on magnetic resonance images. Truncation of the carboxy terminus of desmoplakin and consequent disruption of intermediate filament binding may account for the predominant LV phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Norman
- Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, England
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide poisoning is the commonest cause of death by poisoning in the UK and chronic exposure is thought to be a frequently missed diagnosis. Early recognition of carbon monoxide poisoning is vital to institute prompt treatment and to prevent exposure to others. An incident of mass exposure to carbon monoxide is presented where euphoria, lasting several hours, was the only symptom reported in approximately one quarter of the casualties. This has not been reported previously and we believe that mild carbon monoxide intoxication should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of inappropriate euphoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F J Clarke
- Division of Chemical Hazards and Poisons, Health Protection Agency, London, SE14 5ER, UK.
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Tartaglia M, Cordeddu V, Chang H, Shaw A, Kalidas K, Crosby A, Patton MA, Sorcini M, van der Burgt I, Jeffery S, Gelb BD. Paternal germline origin and sex-ratio distortion in transmission of PTPN11 mutations in Noonan syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:492-7. [PMID: 15248152 PMCID: PMC1182027 DOI: 10.1086/423493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTPN11--the gene encoding the nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2--represent a major cause of Noonan syndrome (NS), a developmental disorder characterized by short stature and facial dysmorphism, as well as skeletal, hematologic, and congenital heart defects. Like many autosomal dominant disorders, a significant percentage of NS cases appear to arise from de novo mutations. Here, we investigated the parental origin of de novo PTPN11 lesions and explored the effect of paternal age in NS. By analyzing intronic portions that flank the exonic PTPN11 lesions in 49 sporadic NS cases, we traced the parental origin of mutations in 14 families. Our results showed that all mutations were inherited from the father, despite the fact that no substitution affected a CpG dinucleotide. We also report that advanced paternal age was observed among cohorts of sporadic NS cases with and without PTPN11 mutations and that a significant sex-ratio bias favoring transmission to males was present in subjects with sporadic NS caused by PTPN11 mutations, as well as in families inheriting the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tartaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
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29
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Ahmad-Annuar A, Shah P, Hafezparast M, Hummerich H, Witherden AS, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Kirby J, Warner TT, Crosby A, Proukakis C, Wilkinson P, Orrell RW, Bradley L, Martin JE, Fisher EMC. No association with common Caucasian genotypes in exons 8, 13 and 14 of the human cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain gene (DNCHC1) and familial motor neuron disorders. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 2003; 4:150-7. [PMID: 13129801 DOI: 10.1080/14660820310011737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have shown in a mouse model of motor neuron disease, the legs-at-odd-angles (Loa) mutant, and that mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain gene (Dnchc1) cause motor neuron degeneration. Mice exhibiting the Loa phenotype suffer progressive loss of locomotor function and homozygous animals have neuronal inclusion bodies that are positive for SOD1, CDK5, neurofilament and ubiquitin proteins. As this phenotype models some aspects of human motor neuron degeneration disorders, we think there is a reasonable likelihood that dynein may be a causative gene or susceptibility factor in human motor neuron disease. Therefore we have screened exons of this gene in a set of human patients with familial forms of disparate motor neuron degeneration diseases, affecting both upper and lower motor neurons: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and hereditary spastic paraplegia. As part of this study, we have determined that DNCHC1 is a large gene of 78 exons spanning 86 kb genomic length. We have focused on the exons known to be mutated in Loa, and in a very similar mouse mutation, cramping 1 (Cra1); both mutations result in loss of anterior horn cells. The exons studied are highly conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes. We screened our patient samples by sequencing and although we detect single nucleotide polymorphisms, our results show these occur at the same frequency in our patient group as in control samples of unaffected individuals. Therefore we do not find any association between familial motor neuron disease and the genotypes presented here in the exons screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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30
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Tartaglia M, Kalidas K, Shaw A, Song X, Musat DL, van der Burgt I, Brunner HG, Bertola DR, Crosby A, Ion A, Kucherlapati RS, Jeffery S, Patton MA, Gelb BD. PTPN11 mutations in Noonan syndrome: molecular spectrum, genotype-phenotype correlation, and phenotypic heterogeneity. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:1555-63. [PMID: 11992261 PMCID: PMC379142 DOI: 10.1086/340847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2002] [Accepted: 03/21/2002] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphia, short stature, cardiac defects, and skeletal malformations. We recently demonstrated that mutations in PTPN11, the gene encoding the non-receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 (src homology region 2-domain phosphatase-2), cause NS, accounting for approximately 50% of cases of this genetically heterogeneous disorder in a small cohort. All mutations were missense changes and clustered at the interacting portions of the amino-terminal src-homology 2 (N-SH2) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domains. A gain of function was postulated as a mechanism for the disease. Here, we report the spectrum and distribution of PTPN11 mutations in a large, well-characterized cohort with NS. Mutations were found in 54 of 119 (45%) unrelated individuals with sporadic or familial NS. There was a significantly higher prevalence of mutations among familial cases than among sporadic ones. All defects were missense, and several were recurrent. The vast majority of mutations altered amino acid residues located in or around the interacting surfaces of the N-SH2 and PTP domains, but defects also affected residues in the C-SH2 domain, as well as in the peptide linking the N-SH2 and C-SH2 domains. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that pulmonic stenosis was more prevalent among the group of subjects with NS who had PTPN11 mutations than it was in the group without them (70.6% vs. 46.2%; P<.01), whereas hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was less prevalent among those with PTPN11 mutations (5.9% vs. 26.2%; P<.005). The prevalence of other congenital heart malformations, short stature, pectus deformity, cryptorchidism, and developmental delay did not differ between the two groups. A PTPN11 mutation was identified in a family inheriting Noonan-like/multiple giant-cell lesion syndrome, extending the phenotypic range of disease associated with this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tartaglia
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Kamini Kalidas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Adam Shaw
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Dan L. Musat
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ineke van der Burgt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Débora R. Bertola
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Andrew Crosby
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Andra Ion
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Raju S. Kucherlapati
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Steve Jeffery
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Michael A. Patton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Laboratorio di Metabolismo e Biochimica Patologica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Department of Medical Genetics, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London; Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Affiliation(s)
- P W O'Carroll
- Public Health Practice Program Office, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
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32
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McKoy G, Protonotarios N, Crosby A, Tsatsopoulou A, Anastasakis A, Coonar A, Norman M, Baboonian C, Jeffery S, McKenna WJ. Identification of a deletion in plakoglobin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma and woolly hair (Naxos disease). Lancet 2000; 355:2119-24. [PMID: 10902626 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an autosomal dominant heart muscle disorder that causes arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. Previously we mapped the genetic locus for the triad of autosomal recessive ARVC, palmoplantar keratoderma, and woolly hair (Naxos disease) to chromosome 17q21, in which the gene for plakoglobin is encoded. This protein is a key component of desmosomes and adherens junctions, and is important for the tight adhesion of many cell types, including those in the heart and skin. METHODS We studied 19 individuals with Naxos disease, as well as unaffected family members and unrelated individuals from the neighbouring Greek islands of Naxos and Milos. Gene sequence was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR from RNA isolated from the skin of an affected individual and mutations in other cases were confirmed by restriction-enzyme analysis. FINDINGS A homozygous 2 base pair deletion in the plakoglobin gene was identified only in the 19 affected individuals. This deletion caused a frameshift and premature termination of the protein, which was shown by western blot analysis. 29 clinically unaffected family members were heterozygous for the mutation; 20 unrelated individuals from Naxos and 43 autosomal dominant ARVC probands were homozygous for the normal allele. INTERPRETATION The finding of a deletion in plakoglobin in ARVC suggests that the proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion play an important part in maintaining myocyte integrity, and when junctions are disrupted, cell death, and fibrofatty replacement occur. Therefore, the discovery of a mutation in a protein with functions in maintaining cell junction integrity has important implications for other dominant forms of ARVC, related cardiomyopathies, and other cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McKoy
- Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Afzal AR, Rajab A, Fenske C, Crosby A, Lahiri N, Ternes-Pereira E, Murday VA, Houlston R, Patton MA, Jeffery S. Linkage of recessive Robinow syndrome to a 4 cM interval on chromosome 9q22. Hum Genet 2000; 106:351-4. [PMID: 10798366 DOI: 10.1007/s004390051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome is a form of mesomelic dwarfism with multiple rib and vertebral anomalies. Using autozygosity mapping we have identified a genetic locus (RBNW1) for this syndrome at chromosome 9q22 in seven consanguineous families from Oman. Our results indicate that the gene lies within a 4 cM region between markers D9S1836 and D9S1803 (maximum multipoint LOD score 12.3). In addition, we have analysed two non-Omani families with autosomal recessive Robinow and found no genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Afzal
- Medical Genetics Unit, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Jeffery S, Crosby A, Plange-Rhule J, Amoah-Danquah J, Acheampong JW, Eastwood JB, Malik AK. Evidence from a Ghanaian population of known African descent to support the proposition that hemochromatosis is a Caucasian disorder. Genet Test 2000; 3:375-7. [PMID: 10627947 DOI: 10.1089/gte.1999.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the HFE gene on chromosome 6 are believed to cause the iron overload disorder hemochromatosis, the most common single gene disorder in northern Europeans. Two mutations have been described previously: C282Y, with an allele frequency of between 3% and 10% in the caucasian population, and H63D, which has an allele frequency of 16%. Published data shows that C282Y appears to be causative in the homozygous state, while the frequency of H63D/C282Y compound heterozygotes is much greater than expected in patient groups. There also appears to be a slightly elevated risk for H63D homozygotes. Hemochromatosis has been thought to be primarily a caucasian disorder. We have studied 97 healthy, black Ghanaian subjects, whose parents and grandparents were also African, to find the frequency of the two mutations. C282Y was absent, while H63D occurred in 2 individuals. These differences are significant at the 0.05 and 0.001 levels, respectively. The prevalence of H63D homozygotes in this population at 1 in 10,000 is clearly of no use in studying the effect of this genotype on phenotype. However, this study suggests an absence of the C282Y mutation in African populations, and the possibility that other populations might provide different genotypes and hence an analysis of H63D risk. A possible heterozygote advantage for the mutation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeffery
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's Medical School, London, UK.
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Jeffery S, Saggar Malik AK, Crosby A, Bland M, Eastwood JB, Amoah-Danquah J, Acheampong JW, Plange-Rhule J. A dominant relationship between the ACE D allele and serum ACE levels in a Ghanaian population. J Med Genet 1999; 36:869-70. [PMID: 10636736 PMCID: PMC1734264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Crosby A, Jeffery S, Homfray T, Taylor R, Patton M. Prenatal diagnosis and the subsequent mutation analysis in a family with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome: growing evidence to support founder effects within CDG1 populations. Genet Test 1999; 3:305-7. [PMID: 10495932 DOI: 10.1089/109065799316644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate deficient-glycoprotein syndrome type I (CDG1 or Jaeken Syndrome) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease with severe early involvement of the nervous system. Mutations in the phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) gene have recently been identified in 16 affected individuals. In the current study, we have described a CDG1 family where gene tracking had been used to perform prenatal diagnosis before the isolation of the CDG1 gene. Haplotype analysis indicated that the unborn child had inherited the maternal 'normal' allele, but a critical recombination event meant that it was impossible to determine if the child had inherited the paternal mutation. Single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequence analysis revealed that the mother was a carrier of a C-->A transversion at position 357 (F119L), and that the father was a carrier of a G-->A transition at position 425 (R141H). The unborn child had inherited the paternal R141H mutation. Because only three mutations have previously been reported in UK families, of which F119L and R141H are two, and given that there is evidence of allelic association in CDG1 families, it is possible that a limited number of ancestral mutations have given rise to most cases of CDG1 in any one population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crosby
- Medical Genetics Unit, St. George's Medical School, London, England
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Abstract
CONTEXT The Missouri Department of Health collects hospital inpatient and emergency room records statewide. With mortality data, they make up a population-based surveillance system of firearm-related injuries. Much information is not captured by these data, however. OBJECTIVE During a three-year project we attempted to develop a timely, representative, and sensitive surveillance system of firearms-related injuries and their circumstances. DESIGN The surveillance system consisted of Missouri's hospital and mortality records linked to police records of firearm incidents. SETTING Lack of standardization of police department data precluded a statewide surveillance system; therefore, we concentrated on the two largest urban areas, St. Louis and Kansas City. PARTICIPANTS Firearm-related injuries occurring during crimes in the surveillance area in 1994 were recorded. Wounds inflicted unintentionally or during suicide attempts were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated the system according to its simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, and timeliness. RESULTS The surveillance system was neither timely nor simple. Though estimated to represent 95% of the desired cases, information about the firearms and the circumstances was relatively scant. CONCLUSIONS Police records as they now exist cannot be included in a statewide firearms surveillance system. The cost/benefit ratio does not justify even a regional surveillance system. Standardization of police records would be helpful, but some information will always be lacking unless the perpetrator is arrested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Tuinen
- Bureau of Health Services Statistics, Missouri Department of Health, Jefferson City 65102, USA
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Brady AF, Jamieson CR, van der Burgt I, Crosby A, van Reen M, Kremer H, Mariman E, Patton MA, Jeffery S. Further delineation of the critical region for noonan syndrome on the long arm of chromosome 12. Eur J Hum Genet 1997; 5:336-7. [PMID: 9412792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A F Brady
- Medical Genetics Unit, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
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Abstract
1. The human mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism was found to exist in the Scottish population with similar allele frequencies to those reported previously for Caucasian populations. 2. The mitochondrial malic enzyme variants MEM1, MEM2-1 and MEM2 which form the polymorphism have been separated from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme and partially purified by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. 3. The properties of the three mitochondrial malic enzyme variants were examined. No differences were found between the variants in Km for NADP, Km for pyruvate, Mn2+ and Mg2+ activation, Ki for dicumarol, heat stability, pH or ionic strength optimum.
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