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Erenso D, Tran L, Abualrob I, Bushra M, Hengstenberg J, Muhammed E, Endale I, Endale N, Endale E, Mayhut S, Torres N, Sheffield P, Vazquez C, Crogman H, Nichols C, Dang T, Hach EE. Observation of magnet-induced star-like radiation of a plasma created from cancer cells in a laser trap. Eur Biophys J 2024; 53:123-131. [PMID: 38451329 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-024-01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We present a new phenomenon resulting from the interaction of magnetic beads with cancer cells in a laser trap formed on a slide containing a depression 16.5 mm in diameter and 0.78 mm of maximum depth. This phenomenon includes the apparent formation and expansion of a dark bubble that attracts and incinerates surrounding matter when it explodes, which leads to a plasma emitting intense radiation that has the appearance of a star on a microscopic scale. We have observed the star-like phenomenon for more than 4 years, and the intensity depends on the laser's power. Measuring the laser power of the dark bubble shows the entrapment of electromagnetic energy as it expands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Erenso
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
| | - L Tran
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - I Abualrob
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - M Bushra
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - J Hengstenberg
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - E Muhammed
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - I Endale
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - N Endale
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - E Endale
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - S Mayhut
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - N Torres
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - P Sheffield
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - C Vazquez
- Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - H Crogman
- Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - C Nichols
- Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - T Dang
- Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - E E Hach
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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2
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Patel H, Tran L, Feldman SR. Overview of Dermatological Manifestations Associated with the COVID-19 Infection. Skin Therapy Lett 2024; 29:7-9. [PMID: 38574264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that is characterized by respiratory symptoms, fever, and chills.[1] While these systemic symptoms are widely known and well understood, there have also been reports of dermatological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. These manifestations include chilblain-like lesions, maculopapular lesions, urticarial lesions, necrosis, and other varicella-like exanthems.[2] The pathogenesis of these lesions are not well understood, but the procoagulant and pro-inflammatory state induced by COVID-19 infections may be contributing to varied cutaneous manifestations.[3] Drug interactions and concurrent hypersensitivity reactions have also been postulated.[4] This review aims to compile and analyze various retrospective studies and case reports to summarize the clinical presentation of dermatological lesions associated with COVID-19 infections and suggest further areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Patel
- Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Alied M, Salam A, Sediqi SM, Kwaah PA, Tran L, Huy NT. Disaster after disaster: the outbreak of infectious diseases in Pakistan in the wake of 2022 floods. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:891-898. [PMID: 38333326 PMCID: PMC10849431 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In June 2022, Pakistan witnessed catastrophic floods, affecting millions of people. The ensuing epidemics of cholera, cryptosporidiosis, rotavirus infections, generalized diarrhoea, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, as well as the frequency of vector-borne diseases including malaria and dengue fever, are studied in this investigation. It also explores the latest outbreak of poliomyelitis and the frequency of respiratory diseases such COVID-19, diphtheria, and tuberculosis, as well as how floods have contributed to skin and eye problems. The report also describes the obstacles governments must overcome in order to manage these health emergencies and offers possible solutions for reducing the effects of ongoing and anticipated epidemics. This flood emphasizes the pressing need for international action and acts as an alarming indicator of the significant impact of climate change. It emphasizes how crucial it is to have effective flood response and preparation strategies in developing nations that are vulnerable to natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Alied
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org)
| | - Abdus Salam
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org)
- General Surgery department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Mansoor Sediqi
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org)
- NOOR Eye Training Center, International Asistance Mission, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Patrick Amanning Kwaah
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale-Waterbury Internal Medicine Program, Waterbury, Connecticut
| | - Linh Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org)
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
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Atanasoff KE, Brambilla L, Adelsberg DC, Kowdle S, Stevens CS, Slamanig S, Hung CT, Fu Y, Lim R, Tran L, Allen R, Sun W, Duty JA, Bajic G, Lee B, Tortorella D. An in vitro experimental pipeline to characterize the epitope of a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. mBio 2024; 15:e0247723. [PMID: 38054729 PMCID: PMC10870823 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02477-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant public health concern for the global population; the development and characterization of therapeutics, especially ones that are broadly effective, will continue to be essential as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants emerge. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies remain an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent virus infection and spread so long as they recognize and interact with circulating variants. The epitope and binding specificity of a neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain antibody clone against many SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were characterized by generating antibody-resistant virions coupled with cryo-EM structural analysis and VSV-spike neutralization studies. This workflow can serve to predict the efficacy of antibody therapeutics against emerging variants and inform the design of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Atanasoff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Brambilla
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C. Adelsberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian S. Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Slamanig
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chuan-Tien Hung
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanwen Fu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Reyna Lim
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert Allen
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. Andrew Duty
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Goran Bajic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Tran L, Tu VL, Dadam MN, Aziz JMA, Duy TLD, Ahmed HHH, Kwaah PA, Quoc HN, Van Dat T, Mizuta S, Hirayama K, Huy NT. Antimalarial activities of benzothiazole analogs: A systematic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38146774 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzothiazole derivatives have been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities, including antimalarial activity. This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the antimalarial activities of benzothiazole analogs. METHODS We conducted an electronic search using nine databases in October 2017 and subsequently updated in September 2022. We included all original in vitro and in vivo studies that documented the antimalarial activities of compounds containing benzothiazole analogs with no restriction. The risk of bias of each included study was assessed by ToxRTool. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included in our study, which are in vitro, in vivo, or both. Of these, 232 substances were identified to have potent antiplasmodial activity against various strains of the malaria parasite. Benzothiazole analogs show different antimalarial mechanisms, including inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum enzymes in in vitro studies and inhibition of blood parasites in in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS Benzothiazole derivatives are promising substances for treating malaria. The structure-activity relationship studies suggest that the substitution pattern of the benzothiazole scaffold plays a crucial role in determining the antimalarial activity of the analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Vo Linh Tu
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Najm Dadam
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Geriatrics, Helios Klinikum Schwelm, Schwelm, Germany
| | - Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz
- Biomedical Science Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Baxshin Research Center, Baxshin Hospital, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Tran Le Dinh Duy
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hajer Hatim Hassan Ahmed
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Patrick Amanning Kwaah
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale-Waterbury Internal Medicine Program, Waterbury, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hoang Nghia Quoc
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truong Van Dat
- Ministry of Health Cabinet, Ministry of Health, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Satoshi Mizuta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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6
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Bianchi A, Agosteo S, Bortot D, Cirrone GAP, Colautti P, La Tessa C, Mazzucconi D, Missiaggia M, Petringa G, Rosenfeld AB, Selva A, Tran L, Verona C, Verona Rinati G, Conte V. Microdosimetry of a 62-MeV clinical proton beam with five detectors. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:1968-1972. [PMID: 37819306 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In proton therapy, most treatment planning systems (TPS) use a fixed relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 all along the depth-dose profile. Innovative TPS are now investigated considering the variability of RBE with radiation quality. New TPS need an experimental verification in the quality assurance (QA) routine in clinics, but RBE data are usually obtained with radiobiological measurements that are time consuming and not suitable for daily QA. Microdosimetry is a useful tool based on physical measurements which can monitor the radiation quality. Several microdosimeters are available in different research institutions, which could potentially be used for the QA in TPS. In this study, the response functions of five detectors in the same 62-MeV proton Spread Out Bragg Peak is compared in terms of spectral distributions and their average values and microdosimetric RBE. Their different response function has been commented and must be considered in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Agosteo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, 20156 Milano, Italy
- INFN-Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Bortot
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, 20156 Milano, Italy
- INFN-Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G A P Cirrone
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P Colautti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - C La Tessa
- University of Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute of Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Mazzucconi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, 20156 Milano, Italy
- INFN-Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Missiaggia
- University of Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute of Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Petringa
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95125 Catania, Italy
- ELI Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - A B Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, Australia
| | - A Selva
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Tran
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, Australia
| | - C Verona
- INFN-Roma2, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Verona Rinati
- INFN-Roma2, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V Conte
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Thackray AM, McNulty EE, Nalls AV, Cardova A, Tran L, Telling G, Benestad SL, Gilch S, Mathiason CK, Bujdoso R. Genetic modulation of CWD prion propagation in cervid PrP Drosophila. Biochem J 2023; 480:1485-1501. [PMID: 37747806 PMCID: PMC10586768 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease is a fatal prion condition of cervids such as deer, elk, moose and reindeer. Secretion and excretion of prion infectivity from North American cervids with this condition causes environmental contamination and subsequent efficient lateral transmission in free-ranging and farmed cervids. Variants of cervid PrP exist that affect host susceptibility to chronic wasting disease. Cervid breeding programmes aimed at increasing the frequency of PrP variants associated with resistance to chronic wasting disease may reduce the burden of this condition in animals and lower the risk of zoonotic disease. This strategy requires a relatively rapid and economically viable model system to characterise and support selection of prion disease-modifying cervid PrP variants. Here, we generated cervid PrP transgenic Drosophila to fulfil this purpose. We have generated Drosophila transgenic for S138 wild type cervid PrP, or the N138 variant associated with resistance to chronic wasting disease. We show that cervid PrP Drosophila accumulate bona fide prion infectivity after exposure to cervid prions. Furthermore, S138 and N138 PrP fly lines are susceptible to cervid prion isolates from either North America or Europe when assessed phenotypically by accelerated loss of locomotor ability or survival, or biochemically by accumulation of prion seeding activity. However, after exposure to European reindeer prions, N138 PrP Drosophila accumulated prion seeding activity with slower kinetics than the S138 fly line. These novel data show that prion susceptibility characteristics of cervid PrP variants are maintained when expressed in Drosophila, which highlights this novel invertebrate host in modelling chronic wasting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M. Thackray
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
| | - Erin E. McNulty
- Prion Research Center (PRC) and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
| | - Amy V. Nalls
- Prion Research Center (PRC) and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
| | - Alzbeta Cardova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), National Veterinary Institute, Postboks 64, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Glenn Telling
- Prion Research Center (PRC) and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
| | - Sylvie L. Benestad
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), National Veterinary Institute, Postboks 64, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Candace K. Mathiason
- Prion Research Center (PRC) and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
| | - Raymond Bujdoso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
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8
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Parnia S, Keshavarz Shirazi T, Patel J, Tran L, Sinha N, O'Neill C, Roellke E, Mengotto A, Findlay S, McBrine M, Spiegel R, Tarpey T, Huppert E, Jaffe I, Gonzales AM, Xu J, Koopman E, Perkins GD, Vuylsteke A, Bloom BM, Jarman H, Nam Tong H, Chan L, Lyaker M, Thomas M, Velchev V, Cairns CB, Sharma R, Kulstad E, Scherer E, O'Keeffe T, Foroozesh M, Abe O, Ogedegbe C, Girgis A, Pradhan D, Deakin CD. AWAreness during REsuscitation - II: A multi-center study of consciousness and awareness in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2023; 191:109903. [PMID: 37423492 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive activity and awareness during cardiac arrest (CA) are reported but ill understood. This first of a kind study examined consciousness and its underlying electrocortical biomarkers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS In a prospective 25-site in-hospital study, we incorporated a) independent audiovisual testing of awareness, including explicit and implicit learning using a computer and headphones, with b) continuous real-time electroencephalography(EEG) and cerebral oxygenation(rSO2) monitoring into CPR during in-hospital CA (IHCA). Survivors underwent interviews to examine for recall of awareness and cognitive experiences. A complementary cross-sectional community CA study provided added insights regarding survivors' experiences. RESULTS Of 567 IHCA, 53(9.3%) survived, 28 of these (52.8%) completed interviews, and 11(39.3%) reported CA memories/perceptions suggestive of consciousness. Four categories of experiences emerged: 1) emergence from coma during CPR (CPR-induced consciousness [CPRIC]) 2/28(7.1%), or 2) in the post-resuscitation period 2/28(7.1%), 3) dream-like experiences 3/28(10.7%), 4) transcendent recalled experience of death (RED) 6/28(21.4%). In the cross-sectional arm, 126 community CA survivors' experiences reinforced these categories and identified another: delusions (misattribution of medical events). Low survival limited the ability to examine for implicit learning. Nobody identified the visual image, 1/28(3.5%) identified the auditory stimulus. Despite marked cerebral ischemia (Mean rSO2 = 43%) normal EEG activity (delta, theta and alpha) consistent with consciousness emerged as long as 35-60 minutes into CPR. CONCLUSIONS Consciousness. awareness and cognitive processes may occur during CA. The emergence of normal EEG may reflect a resumption of a network-level of cognitive activity, and a biomarker of consciousness, lucidity and RED (authentic "near-death" experiences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Parnia
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tara Keshavarz Shirazi
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jignesh Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - Niraj Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin O'Neill
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Roellke
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shannon Findlay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael McBrine
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Spiegel
- Stony Brook Level 4 Epilepsy Center at the School of Medicine Stony Brook University, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - Thaddeus Tarpey
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elise Huppert
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Jaffe
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anelly M Gonzales
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmeline Koopman
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Critical Care Unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Alain Vuylsteke
- Department of Surgery, Transplant and Anaesthetics, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foudnation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin M Bloom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Department of Emergency Medicine, Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Department of Emergency Medicine, Newham Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Heather Jarman
- Emergency Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Hiu Nam Tong
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn, UK
| | - Louisa Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Intensive Care, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK
| | - Michael Lyaker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Veselin Velchev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anna University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Charles B Cairns
- Department of Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik Kulstad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Scherer
- Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terence O'Keeffe
- Division of Trauma/Surgical Critical Care/General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mahtab Foroozesh
- Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Olumayowa Abe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chinwe Ogedegbe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Amira Girgis
- Department of Anesthetics and Acute Pain, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- Critical Care and Resuscitation Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles D Deakin
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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9
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Harpaz E, Vuong TT, Tran L, Tranulis MA, Benestad SL, Ersdal C. Inter- and intra-species conversion efficacies of Norwegian prion isolates estimated by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Vet Res 2023; 54:84. [PMID: 37773068 PMCID: PMC10542671 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of cellular prion proteins. CWD is known to spread among captive and free-ranging deer in North America. In 2016, an outbreak of contagious CWD was detected among wild reindeer in Norway, marking the first occurrence of the disease in Europe. Additionally, new sporadic forms of CWD have been discovered in red deer in Norway and moose in Fennoscandia. We used serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification to study the ability of Norwegian prion isolates from reindeer, red deer, and moose (two isolates), as well as experimental classical scrapie from sheep, to convert a panel of 16 brain homogenates (substrates) from six different species with various prion protein genotypes. The reindeer CWD isolate successfully converted substrates from all species except goats. The red deer isolate failed to convert sheep and goat substrates but exhibited amplification in all cervid substrates. The two moose isolates demonstrated lower conversion efficacies. The wild type isolate propagated in all moose substrates and in the wild type red deer substrate, while the other isolate only converted two of the moose substrates. The experimental classical scrapie isolate was successfully propagated in substrates from all species tested. Thus, reindeer CWD and classical sheep scrapie isolates were similarly propagated in substrates from different species, suggesting the potential for spillover of these contagious diseases. Furthermore, the roe deer substrate supported conversion of three isolates suggesting that this species may be vulnerable to prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Harpaz
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Tram Thu Vuong
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Michael Andreas Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Sylvie L Benestad
- Department of Biohazard and Pathology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
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10
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Sola D, Tran L, Våge J, Madslien K, Vuong TT, Korpenfelt SL, Ågren EO, Averhed G, Nöremark M, Sörén K, Isaksson M, Acín C, Badiola JJ, Gavier-Widén D, Benestad SL. Heterogeneity of pathological prion protein accumulation in the brain of moose (Alces alces) from Norway, Sweden and Finland with chronic wasting disease. Vet Res 2023; 54:74. [PMID: 37684668 PMCID: PMC10492377 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative, transmissible, and fatal disorders that affect several animal species. They are characterized by the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathological prion protein (PrPSc). In 2016, chronic wasting disease (CWD) gained great importance at European level due to the first disease detection in a wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway. The subsequent intensive CWD surveillance launched in cervids resulted in the detection of CWD in moose (Alces alces), with 11 cases in Norway, 3 in Finland and 4 in Sweden. These moose cases differ considerably from CWD cases in North American and reindeer in Norway, as PrPSc was detectable in the brain but not in lymphoid tissues. These facts suggest the occurrence of a new type of CWD. Here, we show some immunohistochemical features that are clearly different from CWD cases in North American and Norwegian reindeer. Further, the different types of PrPSc deposits found among moose demonstrate strong variations between the cases, supporting the postulation that these cases could carry multiple strains of CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Linh Tran
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørn Våge
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | - Tram T Vuong
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Erik O Ågren
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Averhed
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Nöremark
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Sörén
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Isaksson
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cristina Acín
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías Y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sylvie L Benestad
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for CWD (SLB), Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Postboks 64, 1431, Ås, Ås, Norway
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11
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Mazza M, Tran L, Loprevite D, Cavarretta MC, Meloni D, Dell’Atti L, Våge J, Madslien K, Vuong TT, Bozzetta E, Benestad SL. Are rapid tests and confirmatory western blot used for cattle and small ruminants TSEs reliable tools for the diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease in Europe? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286266. [PMID: 37647272 PMCID: PMC10468065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The first case of CWD in Europe was detected in a Norwegian reindeer in 2016, followed later by two CWD cases in Norwegian moose. To prevent the potential spread of CWD to the EU, the European Commission (Regulation EU 2017_1972) implemented a CWD surveillance programme in cervids in the six countries having reindeer and or moose (Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). Each country had to test a minimum of 3000 cervids for CWD using diagnostic rapid tests approved by the EC Regulation. Experimental transmission studies in rodents have demonstrated that the CWD strains found in Norwegian reindeer are different from those found in moose and that these European strains are all different from the North American ones. Data on the performances of authorised rapid tests are limited for CWD (from North America) and are currently minimal for CWD from Europe, due to the paucity of positive material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of three of the so-called "rapid" tests, commercially available and approved for TSE diagnosis in cattle and small ruminants, to detect the CWD strains circulating in Europe. The performances of these three tests were also compared to two different confirmatory western blot methods. Using parallel testing on the same panel of available samples, we evaluated here the analytical sensitivity of these methods for TSE diagnosis of CWD in Norwegian cervids tissues. Our results show that all the methods applied were able to detect the CWD positive samples even if differences in analytical sensitivity were clearly observed. Although this study could not assess the test accuracy, due to the small number of samples available, it is conceivable that the rapid and confirmatory diagnostic systems applied for CWD surveillance in Northern Europe are reliable tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazza
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Linh Tran
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela Loprevite
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria C. Cavarretta
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Luana Dell’Atti
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Jørn Våge
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tram T. Vuong
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- European Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - Italian Reference Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Sylvie L. Benestad
- World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) - Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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12
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González VV, Sadeghi S, Tran L, Blaisdell AP. The conjunction fallacy in rats. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:1564-1574. [PMID: 36795245 PMCID: PMC10482799 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Humans and other animals are capable of reasoning. However, there are overwhelming examples of errors or anomalies in reasoning. In two experiments, we studied if rats, like humans, estimate the conjunction of two events as more likely than each event independently, a phenomenon that has been called conjunction fallacy. In both experiments, rats learned through food reinforcement to press a lever under some cue conditions but not others. Sound B was rewarded whereas Sound A was not. However, when B was presented with the visual cue Y was not rewarded, whereas AX was rewarded (i.e., A-, AX+, B+, BY-). Both visual cues were presented in the same bulb. After training, rats received test sessions in which A and B were presented with the bulb explicitly off or occluded by a metal piece. Thus, on the occluded condition, it was ambiguous whether the trials were of the elements alone (A or B) or of the compounds (AX or BY). Rats responded on the occluded condition as if the compound cues were most likely present. The second experiment investigated if this error in probability estimation in Experiment 1, could be due to a conjunction fallacy, and if this could be attenuated by increasing the ratio of element/compound trials from the original 50-50 to 70-30 and 90-10. Only the 90-10 condition (where 90% of the training trials were of just A or just B) did not show a conjunction fallacy, though it emerged in all groups with additional training. These findings open new avenues for exploring the mechanisms behind the conjunction fallacy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V González
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | - Sowgol Sadeghi
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Aaron P Blaisdell
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
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13
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Atanasoff KE, Brambilla L, Adelsberg DC, Kowdle S, Stevens CS, Hung CT, Fu Y, Lim R, Tran L, Allen R, Andrew Duty J, Bajic G, Lee B, Tortorella D. An in vitro experimental pipeline to characterize the binding specificity of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.20.537738. [PMID: 37131698 PMCID: PMC10153249 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to over 760 million cases and >6.8 million deaths worldwide. We developed a panel of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein using Harbour H2L2 transgenic mice immunized with Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) (1). Representative antibodies from genetically-distinct families were evaluated for inhibition of replication-competent VSV expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike (rcVSV-S) in place of VSV-G. One mAb (denoted FG-10A3) inhibited infection of all rcVSV-S variants; its therapeutically-modified version, STI-9167, inhibited infection of all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, and limited virus proliferation in vivo (1). To characterize the binding specificity and epitope of FG-10A3, we generated mAb-resistant rcVSV-S virions and performed structural analysis of the antibody/antigen complex using cryo-EM. FG-10A3/STI-9167 is a Class 1 antibody that prevents Spike-ACE2 binding by engaging a region within the Spike receptor binding motif (RBM). Sequencing of mAb-resistant rcVSV-S virions identified F486 as a critical residue for mAb neutralization, with structural analysis revealing that both the variable heavy and light chains of STI-9167 bound the disulfide-stabilized 470-490 loop at the Spike RBD tip. Interestingly, substitutions at position 486 were later observed in emerging variants of concern BA.2.75.2 and XBB. This work provides a predictive modeling strategy to define the neutralizing capacity and limitations of mAb therapeutics against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Importance The COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant public health concern for the global population; development and characterization of therapeutics, especially ones that are broadly effective, will continue to be essential as SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies remain an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent virus infection and spread with the caveat that they interact with the circulating variants. The epitope and binding specificity of a broadly neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD antibody clone against many SARS-CoV-2 VOC was characterized by generating antibody-resistant virions coupled with cryo-EM structural analysis. This workflow can serve to predict the efficacy of antibody therapeutics against emerging variants and inform the design of therapeutics and vaccines.
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14
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Tran L, Ahmad T, Haslund A, Nguyen PNT. Hjerne med kors. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023; 143:22-0325. [PMID: 36987903 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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15
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Tam DNH, Nam NH, Cuong NTK, Hung DT, Soa DT, Altom A, Tran L, Elhadad H, Huy NT. Compound K: A systematic review of its anticancer properties and probable mechanisms. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36691721 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a common natural product, which is well-known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities in cancer. Its metabolite, compound K (CK), has been reported to have anticancer activity. We aimed to systematically review the literature for evidence of anticancer effects of CK. We conducted a systematic search in eight databases. We included all in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the anticancer effects of CK with no restrictions. Quality assessment was applied by ToxRTool. Fifty-four articles were included in our study. The purity of CK in our included studies was at least 95%. The in vitro studies reported that CK had a potential anticancer activity on several cell lines including human lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC-9), nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (Hk-1), liver cancer cell line (BEL 7402), and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (Kasumi-1, MV4-11). The in vivo studies reported a significant decrease in tumor volume in mice treated with CK. CK is a potential supplementary treatment in cancer chemotherapies. The safety and further clinical trials of CK should be explored for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Ngoc Hien Tam
- Asia Shine Trading & Service Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nguyen The Ky Cuong
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Oncology Department, Thu Duc City Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang The Hung
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Soa
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinh Medical University, Nghe An, 43000-44000, Vietnam
| | - Ahmad Altom
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Linh Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Heba Elhadad
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club (https://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health (TMGH), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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16
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Tao NPH, Nguyen D, Sediqi SM, Tran L, Huy NT. Healthcare collapse in Afghanistan due to political crises, natural catastrophes, and dearth of international aid post-COVID. J Glob Health 2023; 13:03003. [PMID: 36625097 PMCID: PMC9830451 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sayed Mansoor Sediqi
- Medicine faculty, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Linh Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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17
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Dang NM, Cao HX, Tran L. BATAGE-BFNP: A High-Performance Hybrid Branch Predictor with Data-Dependent Branches Speculative Pre-execution for RISC-V Processors. Arab J Sci Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Tran L, Klainguti G, Hoeckele N, Kaeser PF. Torsional strabismus and vertical rectus muscle surgery in thyroid eye disease. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:49-56. [PMID: 36496294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the torsional component in patients with vertical strabismus due to thyroid eye disease (TED) and its course after vertical rectus muscle surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing vertical strabismus surgery for TED between 1998 and 2017, having undergone pre- and postoperative Harms tangent screen examination. RESULTS Forty patients (27 women) were identified. A torsional component was present in all patients. Thirty-three patients had a mean excyclotorsion of 4.5° in primary position, increasing to 8.2° in upgaze, associated with restricted elevation. Inferior rectus muscle recession (n=29) reduced the excyclotorsion in all cases. A 4.4° mean incyclotorsion was present in primary position in 7 cases, increasing to 7.1° in downgaze. Superior rectus muscle recession reduced the incyclotorsion in 5/6 cases. The torsional surgical dose-effect relationship was correlated with the amount of preoperative torsion. The field of binocular single vision improved from 6.5% preoperatively to 71.1% after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Ocular torsion is common in vertical strabismus secondary to TED and is significantly improved by vertical rectus muscle surgery alone. Surgery should be planned according to vertical deviation and motility limitation, and vertical rectus muscles surgery should be considered the first line of treatment, with selective oblique muscle surgery as a second-line option, which was unnecessary in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tran
- Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, service d'ophtalmologie de l'université de Lausanne, 15, avenue de France, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Klainguti
- Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, service d'ophtalmologie de l'université de Lausanne, 15, avenue de France, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Hoeckele
- Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, service d'ophtalmologie de l'université de Lausanne, 15, avenue de France, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P-F Kaeser
- Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, service d'ophtalmologie de l'université de Lausanne, 15, avenue de France, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Gakis GP, Krikas A, Neofytou P, Tran L, Charitidis C. Modelling the biodistribution of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rats with interspecies extrapolation to humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116322. [PMID: 36414120 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing intentional and non-intentional exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) has raised the interest concerning their fate and biodistribution in the body of animals and humans after inhalation. In this context, Physiologically Based (pharmaco)Kinetic (PBK) modelling has emerged as an in silico approach that simulates the biodistribution kinetics of NPs in the body using mathematical equations. Due to restrictions in data availability, such models are first developed for rats or mice. In this work, we present the interspecies extrapolation of a PBK model initially developed for rats, in order to estimate the biodistribution of inhaled gold NPs (AuNPs) in humans. The extrapolation framework is validated by comparing the model results with experimental data from a clinical study performed on humans for inhaled AuNPs of two different sizes, namely 34 nm and 4 nm. The novelty of this work lies in the extrapolation of a PBK model for inhaled AuNPs to humans and comparison with clinical data. The extrapolated model is in good agreement with the experimental data, and provides insights for the mechanisms of inhaled AuNP translocation to the blood circulation, after inhalation. Finally, the biodistribution of the two sizes of AuNPs in the human body after 28 days post-exposure is estimated by the model and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Gakis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Krikas
- Thermal Hydraulics and Multiphase Flow Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - P Neofytou
- Thermal Hydraulics and Multiphase Flow Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - L Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Shah UA, Maclachlan KH, Derkach A, Salcedo M, Barnett K, Caple J, Blaslov J, Tran L, Ciardiello A, Burge M, Shekarkhand T, Adintori P, Cross J, Pianko MJ, Hosszu K, McAvoy D, Mailankody S, Korde N, Hultcrantz M, Hassoun H, Tan CR, Lu SX, Patel D, Diamond B, Shah G, Scordo M, Lahoud O, Chung DJ, Landau H, Usmani SZ, Giralt S, Taur Y, Landgren CO, Block G, Block T, Peled JU, van den Brink MRM, Lesokhin AM. Sustained Minimal Residual Disease Negativity in Multiple Myeloma is Associated with Stool Butyrate and Healthier Plant-Based Diets. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5149-5155. [PMID: 36170461 PMCID: PMC9722533 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sustained minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity is associated with long-term survival in multiple myeloma. The gut microbiome is affected by diet, and in turn can modulate host immunity, for example through production of short-chain fatty acids including butyrate. We hypothesized that dietary factors affect the microbiome (abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria or stool butyrate concentration) and may be associated with multiple myeloma outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the relationship of dietary factors (via a food frequency questionnaire), stool metabolites (via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and the stool microbiome (via 16S sequencing - α-diversity and relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria) with sustained MRD negativity (via flow cytometry at two timepoints 1 year apart) in myeloma patients on lenalidomide maintenance. The Healthy Eating Index 2015 score and flavonoid nutrient values were calculated from the food frequency questionnaire. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to evaluate associations with two-sided P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS At 3 months, higher stool butyrate concentration (P = 0.037), butyrate producers (P = 0.025), and α-diversity (P = 0.0035) were associated with sustained MRD negativity. Healthier dietary proteins, (from seafood and plants), correlated with butyrate at 3 months (P = 0.009) and sustained MRD negativity (P = 0.05). Consumption of dietary flavonoids, plant nutrients with antioxidant effects, correlated with stool butyrate concentration (anthocyanidins P = 0.01, flavones P = 0.01, and flavanols P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate an association between a plant-based dietary pattern, stool butyrate production, and sustained MRD negativity in multiple myeloma, providing rationale to evaluate a prospective dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi A Shah
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kylee H Maclachlan
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Meghan Salcedo
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelly Barnett
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Julia Caple
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jenna Blaslov
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Linh Tran
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amanda Ciardiello
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Miranda Burge
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tala Shekarkhand
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Adintori
- Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Matthew J Pianko
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kinga Hosszu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Devin McAvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Neha Korde
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Malin Hultcrantz
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hani Hassoun
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Carlyn R Tan
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sydney X Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Diamond
- Myeloma Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Gunjan Shah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael Scordo
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Oscar Lahoud
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David J Chung
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Heather Landau
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - C Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Jonathan U Peled
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander M Lesokhin
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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21
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Gardner K, Uddin MM, Tran L, Pham T, Vanapalli S, Li W. Deep learning detector for high precision monitoring of cell encapsulation statistics in microfluidic droplets. Lab Chip 2022; 22:4067-4080. [PMID: 36214344 PMCID: PMC9706597 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00462c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of cells inside microfluidic droplets is central to several applications involving cellular analysis. Although, theoretically the encapsulation statistics are expected to follow a Poisson distribution, experimentally this may not be achieved due to lack of full control of the experimental variables and conditions. Therefore, there is a need for automatic detection of droplets and cell count enumeration within droplets so a process control feedback to adjust experimental conditions can be implemented. In this study, we use a deep learning object detector called You Only Look Once (YOLO), an influential class of object detectors with several benefits over traditional methods. This paper investigates the application of both YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 object detectors in the development of an automated droplet and cell detector. Experimental data was obtained from a microfluidic flow focusing device with a dispersed phase of cancer cells. The microfluidic device contained an expansion chamber downstream of the droplet generator, allowing for visualization and recording of cell-encapsulated droplet images. In the procedure, a droplet bounding box is predicted, then cropped from the original image for the individual cells to be detected through a separate model for further examination. The system includes a production set for additional performance analysis with Poisson statistics while providing an experimental workflow with both droplet and cell models. The training set is collected and preprocessed before labeling and applying image augmentations, allowing for a generalizable object detector. Precision and recall were utilized as a validation and test set metric, resulting in a high mean average precision (mAP) metric for an accurate droplet detector. To examine model limitations, the predictions were compared to ground truth labels, illustrating that the YOLO predictions closely matched with the droplet and cell labels. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that droplet enumeration from the YOLOv5 model is consistent with hand counted ratios and the Poisson distribution, confirming that the platform can be used in real-time experiments for cell encapsulation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gardner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| | - Md Mezbah Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| | - Thanh Pham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| | - Siva Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 807 Canton Ave, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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22
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Wadsworth JDF, Joiner S, Linehan JM, Jack K, Al-Doujaily H, Costa H, Ingold T, Taema M, Zhang F, Sandberg MK, Brandner S, Tran L, Vikøren T, Våge J, Madslien K, Ytrehus B, Benestad SL, Asante EA, Collinge J. Humanized Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chronic Wasting Disease Prions From Norwegian Reindeer and Moose. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:933-937. [PMID: 33502474 PMCID: PMC9470110 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease affecting cervids. In 2016, the first cases of CWD were reported in Europe in Norwegian wild reindeer and moose. The origin and zoonotic potential of these new prion isolates remain unknown. In this study to investigate zoonotic potential we inoculated brain tissue from CWD-infected Norwegian reindeer and moose into transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein. After prolonged postinoculation survival periods no evidence for prion transmission was seen, suggesting that the zoonotic potential of these isolates is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D F Wadsworth
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Joiner
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M Linehan
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kezia Jack
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huda Al-Doujaily
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Costa
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thea Ingold
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maged Taema
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malin K Sandberg
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linh Tran
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jørn Våge
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuel A Asante
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Collinge
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at University College London, University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Krikas A, Neofytou P, Gakis GP, Xiarchos I, Charitidis C, Tran L. Modeling of clearance, retention, and translocation of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:361-379. [PMID: 36053230 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The increasing exposure to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their wide range of applications, has led to the need for thorough understanding of their biodistribution, following exposure. The objective of this paper is to develop a PBK model in order to study the clearance, retention and translocation of inhaled gold nanoparticles in rats, providing a basis for the understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) mechanisms of AuNPs in various organs.Materials and methods: A rat PBK computational model was developed, connected to a detailed respiratory model, including the olfactory, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. This model was coupled with a Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model to appropriately simulate the exposure to AuNPs. Three existing in vivo experimental datasets from scientific literature for the biodistribution of inhaled AuNPs for different AuNP sizes and exposure scenarios were utilized for model calibration and validation.Results and Discussion: The model was calibrated using two individual datasets for nose only inhaled and intratracheally instilled AuNPs, while an independent dataset for nose only inhaled AuNPs was used as external validation. The overall fitting over the three datasets was proved acceptable as shown by the relevant statistical metrics. The influence of several physiological parameters is also studied via a sensitivity analysis, providing useful insights into the mechanisms of NP pharmacokinetics. The key aspects of the inhaled AuNPs biodistribution are discussed, revealing the key mechanisms for the AuNPs absorption routes, the AuNP uptake by secondary organs and the influence of the AuNP size on the translocation from the lungs to blood circulation.Conclusions: The model results together with the model sensitivity analysis clarified the key mechanisms for the inhaled AuNPs biodistribution to secondary organs. It was observed that nose-only inhaled AuNPs of smaller size can enter the blood circulation through secondary routes, such as absorption through the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen, showing that such translocations should not be underestimated in biodistribution modelling. Finally, the computational framework presented in this study can be used as a basis for a more wide investigation of inhaled nanoparticles biodistribution, including interspecies extrapolation of the resulting PBK model for the inhalation and subsequent biodistribution of AuNPs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krikas
- Thermal Hydraulics and Multiphase Flow Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - P Neofytou
- Thermal Hydraulics and Multiphase Flow Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - G P Gakis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Xiarchos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - L Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Jung J, Carlin C, Feldman R, Tran L. Implementation of resource use measures in Medicare Advantage. Health Serv Res 2022; 57:957-962. [PMID: 35411550 PMCID: PMC10501335 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To complement the previously illustrated method to measure resource use in Medicare Advantage (MA) using Encounter data and provide technical details and SAS code to validate Encounter data and implement resource use measures in MA. DATA SOURCES 2015-2018 MA Encounter, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR), Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information System (HEDIS), and Traditional Medicare (TM) claims data. STUDY DESIGN Secondary data analysis. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS We select MA contracts with high data completeness (≤10% missing hospital stays in Encounter data and ≤±10% difference in ambulatory and emergency department visits between Encounter and HEDIS data). We randomly sample TM beneficiaries with a similar geographic distribution as MA enrollees in the selected contracts. We develop standardized prices of services using TM payments, and we measure MA resource use for inpatient, outpatient, Part D, and hospice services. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report identifiers/names of contracts with high data completeness. We provide SAS code to manage Encounter data, develop standardized prices, and measure MA resource use. CONCLUSIONS Greater use and validation of Encounter data can help improve data quality. Our results can be used to inform studies using Encounter data to learn about MA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeah Jung
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human DevelopmentPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Caroline Carlin
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Roger Feldman
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human DevelopmentPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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25
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Joubert L, Hampson R, Acuto R, Powell L, Latiff MNLA, Tran L, Cumming S, Dunn P, Crehan S, Flewellen R, Boddenberg E, Ng WS, Simpson G. Resilience and adaptability of social workers in health care settings during COVID-19 in Australia. Soc Work Health Care 2022; 61:199-217. [PMID: 35838128 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2096170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Australia. During the pandemic, as essential workers, hospital-based social workers have been on the frontline. This cross-sectional study examines the resilience of social workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, how the pandemic impacted on social work and lessons learnt. Hospital social workers working in three states, namely Victoria, Queensland, and New South Wales were invited to participate in an online web-based survey, providing non-identifiable demographic details and information a) relating to their proximity to COVID-19, b) their degree of resilience (CD-RISC-2), c) professional quality of life, d) perceived social support, e) physical health, f) professional and personal growth during the pandemic, and g) impacts of COVID-19 on their practice. Basic descriptive statistics were computed for variables of interest. Within group, comparisons were made using paired t-tests or one-way ANOVAs for continuous variables as appropriate to investigate possible interstate differences. Regression analyses were conducted to determine which factors contribute to resilience. Social workers, during the pandemic, whether working under the constraints of lockdown or not, demonstrated high levels of resilience. These levels were similar across the three states, unaffected by the degree of infection in the community, indicating that as a group, social workers have high innate levels of resilience. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on hospital social workers, the long-term impact of the pandemic on social work practice, and potentially useful lessons learnt for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Joubert
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph Hampson
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Acuto
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Powell
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Linh Tran
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Cumming
- Department of Health, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick Dunn
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Crehan
- South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, St George Hospital, Sydney Australia
| | - Rashid Flewellen
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emeil Boddenberg
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wing Sum Ng
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grahame Simpson
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
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26
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Tran L, Tuan NM, Tam DNH, Alshareef A, Emad E, Khalifa AM, Hieu TH, Khan ZA, Jun LW, Hirayama K, Huy NT. The timing setting in kinetic dengue studies: a systematic review. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Bui V, Hsu L, Sun A, Tran L, Shanbhag S, Chang L, Zhou W, Mehta N, Chen M. 401 Deepheartct: A Fully Automatic Hybrid Structure Segmentation Framework Based On Atlas, Reverse Ranking, And Convolutional Neural Network For Computed Tomography Angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Kumar S, Komati R, Shaik S, Bratton M, Tran L, Sam R, Johnson-Henderson E, Graham B, WIlliams C, Sridhar J. Abstract 343: New derivatives of 1,3-dioxoisoindoline: Potential breast cancer therapeutics that are S6K1 inhibitors. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Currently, more than 3.8 million women in the United States are diagnosed with breast cancer which is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The correlation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activity and breast cancer is evident from the amplification of S6K1 localized chromosomal region 17q23 in 20% of primary breast cancers. S6K1 is a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, is the principal kinase effector downstream of the PI3K/mTOR regulatory signaling pathway. Over-expression of S6K1 has been associated with cell transformation and elevated proliferation rates in tumors, poor prognosis and an increased risk of local recurrence. S6K1 has been found to play an important role in the progression of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer and node-negative premenopausal breast cancer. Inhibition of this kinase can prove to be beneficial for the treatment of several types of breast cancer. Our group has identified new molecules that are derivatives of 6-amido-4-aminoisoindoline-1,3-dione core structure as S6K1 inhibitors with low micromolar inhibition potency (IC50 = 2-5 μM). These compounds also inhibited the growth of HER2+ (SKBR3 and HER2Δ16), ER+ and triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) with a range of EC50 values (2 - 2000 μM). The EC50 values of growth inhibition of these compounds varied by the type of breast cancer cells and were in direct correlation with the expression levels of S6K1 in those cell lines. These results clearly indicate that high efficacy S6K1 inhibitors can function as potential therapeutics for multiple types of breast cancer. Future work involves in-vivo studies to understand the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the three compounds.
Citation Format: Satyendra Kumar, Rajesh Komati, Shahensha Shaik, Melyssa Bratton, Linh Tran, Rion Sam, Elijah Johnson-Henderson, Breyanah Graham, Christopher WIlliams, Jayalakshmi Sridhar. New derivatives of 1,3-dioxoisoindoline: Potential breast cancer therapeutics that are S6K1 inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 343.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linh Tran
- 1Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
| | - Rion Sam
- 1Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
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29
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Harpaz E, Salvesen Ø, Rauset GR, Mahmood A, Tran L, Ytrehus B, Benestad SL, Tranulis MA, Espenes A, Ersdal C. No evidence of uptake or propagation of reindeer CWD prions in environmentally exposed sheep. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:13. [PMID: 35668456 PMCID: PMC9169292 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of cervids first reported in North America in the 1960s. In Europe, CWD was first diagnosed in 2016 in a wild reindeer in Norway. Detection of two more cases in the same mountain area led to the complete culling of this partially confined reindeer population of about 2400 animals. A total of 19 CWD positive animals were identified. The affected area is extensively used for the grazing of sheep during summers. There are many mineral licks intended for sheep in the area, but these have also been used by reindeer. This overlap in area use raised concerns for cross-species prion transmission between reindeer and sheep. In this study, we have used global positioning system (GPS) data from sheep and reindeer, including tracking one of the CWD positive reindeer, to investigate spatial and time-relevant overlaps between these two species. Since prions can accumulate in lymphoid follicles following oral uptake, samples of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) from 425 lambs and 78 adult sheep, which had grazed in the region during the relevant timeframe, were analyzed for the presence of prions. The recto-anal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) from all the animals were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) from a subsample of 37 lambs were examined by histology and IHC, for the detection of prions. RESULTS GPS data showed an overlap in area use between the infected reindeer herd and the sheep. In addition, the GPS positions of an infected reindeer and some of the sampled sheep showed temporospatial overlap. No prions were detected in the GALT of the investigated sheep even though the mean lymphoid follicle number in RAMALT and IPP samples were high. CONCLUSION The absence of prions in the GALT of sheep that have shared pasture with CWD-infected reindeer, may suggest that transmission of this novel CWD strain to sheep does not easily occur under the conditions found in these mountains. We document that the lymphoid follicle rich RAMALT could be a useful tool to screen for prions in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Harpaz
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien, 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien, 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Geir Rune Rauset
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, P.O. Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aqsa Mahmood
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien, 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Linh Tran
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Ytrehus
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, P.O. Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Andreas Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien, 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
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Lisberg AE, Liu B, Salehi-Rad R, Lee JM, Tran L, Krysan K, Lim R, Dumitras C, Jiang Z, Abtin F, Suh R, Genshaft S, Oh S, Fishbein GA, O'Higgins CM, Ashouri S, Goldman JW, Elashoff D, Garon EB, Dubinett SM. Phase I trial of in situ vaccination with autologous CCL21-modified dendritic cells (CCL21-DC) combined with pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.tps9154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS9154 Background: Effective immunotherapy options are lacking for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progress on a programmed cell death-(ligand)1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitor and for those that are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement positive after progression on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. One potential approach to improve immune checkpoint efficacy in these patient populations is to promote cytolytic T cell infiltration into tumors. This can be accomplished via in situ vaccination with functional antigen presenting cells (APCs) which can take advantage of the full repertoire of tumor antigens and convert the tumor into a lymph node-like environment promoting both local and systemic T cell activation. The chemokine CCL21 promotes co-localization of naive T cells and antigen-experienced dendritic cells (DCs) to facilitate T cell activation. Our preclinical studies and phase I trial of intratumoral (IT) administration of DC genetically modified to overexpress CCL21 (CCL21-DC) revealed augmentation of tumor antigen presentation in situ, resulting in systemic antitumor immunity. However, increased PD-L1 expression was observed in some patient tumors, suggesting that tumor-mediated impairment of T cell function may be forestalling a more robust CCL21-DC mediated antitumor response. Similarly, improved PD-(L)1 inhibitor efficacy may be possible with enhanced T cell infiltration and augmented APC function following IT CCL21-DC. Therefore, we are conducting a phase I trial, combining IT CCL21-DC with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced NSCLC that are either (1) EGFR/ALK wild-type after progression on a PD-(L)1 inhibitor or (2) EGFR/ALK mutant after progression on TKI therapy. Methods: Phase I, dose-escalating, multi-cohort trial followed by dose expansion. Maximum of 24 patients (9-12 escalation + 12 expansion) with stage IV NSCLC will be evaluated who have tumors accessible for IT injection and are either (1) EGFR/ALK wild-type after progression on a PD-(L)1 inhibitor or (2) EGFR/ALK mutant after progression on TKI therapy. Three IT injections of autologous CCL21-DC (days 0, 21, 42) will be concurrently administered with pembrolizumab, followed by q3wk pembrolizumab up to 1 year. Primary objective of dose escalation is safety and determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IT CCL21-DC (5x106, 1x107, or 3x107) when combined with pembrolizumab. Primary objective of dose expansion is objective response rate at MTD. Secondary objectives include adverse event profiling and determination of drug target activity by immune monitoring studies. This trial is currently open for enrollment. Clinical trial information: NCT03546361.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Liu
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jay M. Lee
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Linh Tran
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Raymond Lim
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Zhe Jiang
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fereidoun Abtin
- Univercity of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert Suh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Scott Oh
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Shay Ashouri
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Westlake Village, CA
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Tran L, Meng S, Wang P, Pan I, Yi T, Wang R, Jiao Z, Bai H. Abstract No. 240 Automated outcome prediction in mechanical thrombectomy for acute large vessel ischemic stroke using 3D convolutional neural networks applied to CT angiography. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nguyen H, Tran L. Design of Polynomial NTT and INTT Accelerator for Post-Quantum Cryptography CRYSTALS-Kyber. Arab J Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Parker LE, Wallace K, Thevathasan A, Funk E, Pratt M, Thamby J, Tran L, Prange L, Uchitel J, Boggs A, Minton M, Jasien J, Nagao KJ, Richards A, Cruse B, De-Lisle Dear G, Landstrom AP, Mikati MA. Characterization of sedation and anesthesia complications in patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 38:47-52. [PMID: 35390560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) pathophysiology suggests predisposition to sedation and anesthesia complications. GOALS Hypotheses: 1) AHC patients experience high rates of sedation-anesthesia complications. 2) ATP1A3 mutation genotype positivity, age, and AHC severity correlate with more severe complications. 3) Prior short QTc correlates with cardiac rhythm complications. METHODS Analysis of 34 consecutive AHC patients who underwent sedation or anesthesia. Classification of complications: mild (not requiring intervention), moderate (intervention), severe (intervention, risk for permanent injury or potential life-threatening emergency). STATISTICS Fisher Exact test, Spearman correlations. RESULTS These patients underwent 129 procedures (3.79 ± 2.75 procedures/patient). Twelve (35%) experienced complications during at least one procedure. Fourteen/129 procedures (11%) manifested one or more complications (2.3% mild, 7% moderate, 1.6% severe). Of the total 20 observed complications, six (33.3%) were severe: apneas (2), seizures (2), bradycardia (1), ventricular fibrillation that responded to resuscitation (1). Moderate complications: non-life-threatening bradycardias, apneas, AHC spells or seizures. Complications occurred during sedation or anesthesia and during procedures or recovery periods. Patients with disease-associated ATP1A3 variants were more likely to have moderate or severe complications. There was no correlation between complications and age or AHC severity. Presence of prior short QTc correlated with cardiac rhythm complications. After this series was analyzed, another patient had severe recurrent laryngeal dystonia requiring tracheostomy following anesthesia with intubation. CONCLUSIONS During sedation or anesthesia, AHC patients, particularly those with ATP1A3 variants and prior short QTc, are at risk for complications consistent with AHC pathophysiology. Increased awareness is warranted during planning, performance, and recovery from such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Keri Wallace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Arthur Thevathasan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Funk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Milton Pratt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Julie Thamby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lyndsey Prange
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Julie Uchitel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - April Boggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Melissa Minton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joan Jasien
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kanae Jennifer Nagao
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Richards
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Cruse
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Dentistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guy De-Lisle Dear
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
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Tran L, Jung J, Feldman R, Riley T. Disparities in the quality of care for chronic hepatitis C among Medicare beneficiaries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263913. [PMID: 35271617 PMCID: PMC8912154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health concern. Limited information exists on disparities in the quality of HCV care. We examine disparities in genotype or quantitative HCV ribonucleic acid testing before and after starting HCV treatment, and screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCV patients with cirrhosis.
Methods
This national study included Medicare beneficiaries with HCV between 2014 and 2017. We used bivariate probit to estimate the probability of receiving recommended tests before and after HCV treatment by patient race/ethnicity, urban/rural residence, and socioeconomic status. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of HCC screening among beneficiaries with cirrhosis by patient factors.
Findings
Of 41,800 Medicare patients with HCV treatment, 93.47% and 84.99% received pre- and post-treatment testing. Patients in racial minority groups had lower probabilities of pre- and post-treatment testing than whites. Rural residents were less likely to receive a post-treatment test (Coef. = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.01). Among HCV patients with cirrhosis, 40% (24,021) received at least one semi-annual HCC screening during the study period. The odds of HCC screening were 14% lower in rural than in urban patients (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.92), lower in African Americans (aOR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96), but higher among Hispanics than in whites (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15). There was no significant association between ZIP-level income or education and HCC screening.
Conclusions
Disparities in the quality of HCV care existed by patient race/ethnicity, urban/rural residence, and socioeconomic status. Continued efforts are needed to improve the quality of care for all HCV patients—especially rural patients and racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Tran
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeah Jung
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roger Feldman
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas Riley
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Harmon A, Stingl C, Rikhi A, Tran L, Pizoli C, Malinzak M, Van Mater H. Pediatric GAD-65 Autoimmune Encephalitis: Assessing Clinical Characteristics and Response to Therapy With a Novel Assessment Scale. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 128:25-32. [PMID: 35032887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) encephalitis is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by a broad range of symptoms including cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, and seizures. Children with this disorder have heterogeneous presentations, and little is known about symptom progression over time and response to immunotherapy. METHODS This study reports 10 pediatric GAD encephalitis cases and symptoms found at presentation and follow-up. In addition, symptom severity was reported utilizing a novel scale evaluating functional outcomes across the domains affected by autoimmune encephalitis including cognition, language, seizures, psychiatric symptoms, sleep, and movement. Retrospective chart review was conducted for 10 patients aged <18 years, diagnosed with GAD encephalitis, and followed for one year or more. Chart review included clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings at time of diagnosis and at six- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS At presentation, cognitive deficits were found in all patients, seizures in six of 10, and language decline in seven of 10. Psychiatric symptoms were prominent for all but one patient with three of nine patients presenting with psychosis. Fatigue, sleep disruption, and movement disorders were less prominent symptoms, occurring in approximately half of the cohort. Cognition and fatigue improved significantly over time when compared with symptom severity, whereas seizures, psychiatric symptoms, and sleep did not. Language and sleep showed improvement only in early stages. Analysis of seizure frequency and type noted variability mirroring trends noted in adult studies of GAD encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the variability of symptom profiles of pediatric GAD encephalitis and benefits of symptom severity scales. Symptom profiles and progression vary in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Harmon
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cory Stingl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aruna Rikhi
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Linh Tran
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carolyn Pizoli
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael Malinzak
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Heather Van Mater
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Rana S, Traneus E, Jackson M, Tran L, Rosenfeld AB. Quantitative analysis of dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET d ) robustness in pencil beam scanning proton lung plans. Med Phys 2022; 49:3444-3456. [PMID: 35194809 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of our study was to perform a quantitative robustness analysis of the dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd ) and related RBE-weighted dose in robustly optimized (in terms of the range and set up uncertainties) pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton lung cancer plans. METHODS In this study, we utilized the 4DCT data set of six anonymized lung patients. PBS lung plans were generated using a robust optimization technique (range uncertainty: ±3.5% and setup errors: ±5 mm) on the CTV for a total dose of 5000 cGy(RBE) in 5 fractions using RBE of 1.1. For each patient, the LETd distributions were calculated for the nominal plan and three groups. Group 1: two plan robustness scenarios for range uncertainties of ±3.5%; Group 2: twelve plan robustness scenarios (range uncertainty (±3.5%) in conjunction with setup errors (±5 mm)); and Group 3: ten different breathing phases of the 4DCT data set. RBE-weighted dose to the OARs was evaluated for all robustness scenarios and breathing phases. The variation (∆) in the mean LETd and mean RBE-weighted dose from each group was recorded. RESULTS The mean LETd in the CTV of nominal PBS lung plans among six patients ranged from 2.2 to 2.6 keV/μm. On average, for the combined range and setup uncertainties, the ∆ in the mean LETd among 12 scenarios of all six patients was 0.6 keV/μm, which is slightly higher than when only the range uncertainties were considered (0.4 keV/μm). The ∆ in the mean LETd in a patient was ≤1.7 keV/μm in the heart and ≤1.2 keV/μm in the esophagus and total lung. The ∆ in the mean RBE-weighted dose in a patient was up to 79 cGy for the total lung, 165 cGy for the heart, and 258 cGy for the esophagus. For ten breathing phases, the ∆ in the mean LETd in a patient was ≤0.3 keV/μm in the CTV, ≤0.5 keV/μm in the heart, ≤0.4 keV/μm in the esophagus, and ≤0.7 keV/μm in the total lung. CONCLUSION The addition of setup errors to the range uncertainties resulted in slightly less homogeneous LETd distributions. The variations in the mean LETd among ten breathing phases were slightly larger in the total lung than in the heart and esophagus. The combination of setup and range uncertainties had a greater impact than the effect of breathing phases on the variations in the mean RBE-weighted dose to the OARs. Overall, the LETd distributions in the CTV were less sensitive than those in the OARs to setup errors, range uncertainties, and breathing phases for robustly optimized PBS proton lung cancer plans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Baptist Health South Florida, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Erik Traneus
- RaySearch Laboratories, Medical Physics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Jackson
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Radiation Oncology, Randwick, Australia
| | - Linh Tran
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anatoly B Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Patel P, Nallandhighal S, Scoville D, Tran L, Cotta B, Udager A, Rao A, Palapattu G, Dadhania V, Pitchiaya S, Salami S. Spatial transcriptomic profiling of prostate cancer reveals zone specific androgen receptor signaling and immune infiltration. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Phuong Huynh T, Tran L, Hoang Nguyen Q, Chi Bui T, Ghozy S, Morsy S, Minh Tieu T, Tien Nguyen H, Thi Que Vu H. Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of dengue virus in Southern Vietnam during 2014-2015. MedPharmRes 2022; 6:1-9. [DOI: 10.32895/ump.mpr.6.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Dengue is an infectious disease that causes a worldwide health and economic burden despite the efforts to eradicate the disease. From 2013 to 2015, dengue epidemic significantly increased from 33,626 to 50,205 cases in Vietnam. This study aims to determine the genotype variations of dengue virus (DENV) circulating in Southern Vietnam during 2014-2015.
Methods: C6/36 cells were infected with twenty-four strains of dengue virus isolated in 2014-2015 and kept frozen. The complete nucleotide sequence of dengue virus genomes was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genome was sequenced in the MiSeq system and analyzed by the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) program. Data from GeneBank was used to create the phylogenetic trees.
Results: Among the 17 analyzed strains from 8 southern provinces, four (23.53%) were DENV-1, three (17.65%) were DENV-2, five (29.41%) were DENV-3, and five (29.41%) DENV-4 were isolated. Four DENV-1 isolates belong to Asia genotype. Three DENV-2 strains were concentrated in a subgroup of Asian 1 genotype. Five DENV-3 isolates were identified as belonged to Asian 2 genotype and five DENV-4 isolates were found as belong to Asia 1 genotype. There were no amino acid mutations and the transition capacity between the nucleotide among four types of DENV serotypes suggested that the probability of conversion from C to T was the highest conversion rate.
Conclusions: These DENV isolates were genetically close to other previous strains isolated from Vietnam and its neighboring countries, including Thailand, China, Cambodia, and Singapore, Brazil, Sri Lanka due to dynamic transmission.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) represent chronic infectious states that are common in elderly adults. Both conditions have independently been associated with an increased risk for dementia. Chronic infections are thought to lead to neurodegenerative changes in the central nervous system possibly by promoting a proinflammatory state. This is consistent with growing literature on the etiological role of infections in dementia. Few studies have previously evaluated the association of periodontal disease with dementia in HCV patients. OBJECTIVE To examine whether periodontal disease increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) among HCV patients in Medicare claims data. METHODS We used Medicare claims data for HCV patients to assess the incidence rate of ADRD with and without exposure to periodontal disease between 2014 and 2017. Cox multivariate regression was used to estimate the association between periodontal disease and development of ADRD, controlling for age, gender, race, ZIP-level income and education, and medical comorbidities. RESULTS Of 439,760 HCV patients, the incidence rate of ADRD was higher in patients with periodontal diseases compared to those without (10.84% versus 9.26%, p < 0.001), and those with periodontal disease developed ADRD earlier compared to those without periodontal disease (13.99 versus 21.60 months, p < 0.001). The hazard of developing ADRD was 1.35 times higher in those with periodontal disease (95% CI, 1.30 to 1.40, p < 0.001) after adjusting for all covariates, including age. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease increased the risk of developing ADRD among HCV patients in a national Medicare claims dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Malone
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeah Jung
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Morsy S, Hieu TH, Ghozy S, Tran L, Huy NT. Mortality in cancer patients with congenital anomalies across different age groups: trend analysis and prognostic risk factors.. [DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.20.21266629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPurposeCongenital anomalies are one of the causes of the high mortality rate in children diagnosed with cancer. However, there is a gap of evidence of the rate of cancer mortality in older patients who had congenital anomalies. The study, therefore, aimed to investigate the epidemiology of cancer mortality in those patients.MethodsData were retrieved for patients with cancer and died due to congenital causes throughout 43 years from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program SEER. The age of patients was divided into nine groups each is formed of 10 years interval. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate the trends of Cancer mortality and Cox proportional hazard ratio to identify the mortality risk factors.ResultsWe have included 2682 patients with death associated with congenital malformation. The mortality of cancer patients due to congenital anomalies greatly enhanced in the last years with the overall average annual percent was 3.8%. Interestingly, congenital anomalies had less mortality risk than other causes reported in SEER. Moreover, age, sex, radiation, chemotherapy, and behavior of tumor were significantly associated with higher survival in patients with congenital anomalies.ConclusionsCancer patients with congenital anomalies had less mortality risk than patients with other diseases reported in SEER. The mortality rates decreased recently, with the most mortality in the bone marrow and prostate tumors.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsCongenital anomalies are considered the least studied diseases in cancer patients. In this study, we studied how congenital anomalies did not increase the risk for cancer. However, our analysis implied the congenital anomalies in the male reproductive system were associated with the highest risk of cancer.
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Matrana D, Smith E, Marble M, Tran L, Meddaugh H, Heifner A, McKernan A, Wall L. M159 OMENN SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH DNA LIGASE 1. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tran L, Makram AM, Makram OM, Elfaituri MK, Morsy S, Ghozy S, Zayan AH, Nam NH, Zaki MMM, Allison EL, Hieu TH, Le Quang L, Hung DT, Huy NT. Efficacy of Kinesio Taping Compared to Other Treatment Modalities in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Res Sports Med 2021:1-24. [PMID: 34711091 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1989432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Kinesio taping is widely used in musculoskeletal conditions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of kinesio taping in musculoskeletal disorders compared to other interventions. Twelve electronic databases were used for systemic search and data relevant to pain and disability were extracted. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018087606). Meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of kinesio taping to other modalities of musculoskeletal disorders. As a result, 36 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Kinesio taping was found to provide an improvement of both pain and disability when applied to any region of the body. In the first five days of application, kinesio taping significantly reduced the pain in all body regions (SMD = -0.63, 95%CI: -0.87, -0.39). This was also noted after four-to-six weeks of application (SMD = -0.76, 95%CI: -1.07, -0.45). When kinesio taping was used for disability in low back pain patients, it significantly reduced the disability within five days of application (SMD = -0.70, 95%CI: -1.29, -0.11). Finally, kinesio taping has shown an improvement of the disability in all body regions after four-to-six weeks of application (SMD = -0.59, 95%CI: -0.96, -0.22). Our findings support kinesio taping as an adjuvant to other treatments for musculoskeletal disorders. Abbreviations KT = Kinesio taping; MSK = musculoskeletal; SD = standard deviation; CR = conventional rehabilitation; NDI = Neck Disability Index; NPS = Numerical Pain Scale; CTM = Cervical Thrust Manipulation; PIR = Post-isometric muscle relaxation; NPRS Numerical Pain Rating Scale; OA = osteoarthritis; ROM = Range of motion; VAS = visual analogue scale; VAS-W = visual analogue scale-worst pain; VAS-U = visual analogue scale-usual pain; VAS-R = visual analogue scale-resting pain; VAS-A = visual analogue scale-activity pain; VAS-N = visual analogue scale-night pain; NPDS = Neck Pain Disability Scale; QA = Quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar Mohamed Makram
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Muhammed Khaled Elfaituri
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sara Morsy
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Helmy Zayan
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marwa Mostafa Mohamed Zaki
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth L Allison
- Department of Clinical Sciences, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Truong Hong Hieu
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Le Quang
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang The Hung
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Tran L, Tuite M, Michaela Serpa S, Kunnirickal S, Esposito T, Pfau SE, Shah SM. Developing a multi-disciplinary program for routine acetylcholine vasoreactivity testing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Of the patients who are referred for invasive coronary angiography 30–50% are found to have no obstructive coronary artery disease. Current ESC Guidelines for chronic coronary syndromes have a class IIa recommendation for intracoronary provocative testing with acetylcholine in patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA). However, there is limited guidance for pharmacy and nursing teams for the support of provocative testing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
Purpose
To demonstrate feasibility and safety of acetylcholine vasoreactivity testing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
Methods
The inpatient pharmacy developed an adapted protocol based on available evidence and facilitated a multi-disciplinary operational workflow for the assessment of vasospastic angina. 3mL acetylcholine aliquots of 1mcg/mL, 10 mcg/mL, 25 mcg/mL, 50 mcg/mL, and 100 mcg/mL were prepared by pharmacy following sterile compounding standards. The transition from provider or nursing staff compounding to pharmacy compounding provided quality assurance following United States Pharmacopeia compounding standards for improved sterility and patient safety, especially with a complicated micro-dilution recipe. Pharmacy supported the necessary guidance with optimized clinical decision support in the form of a customized order panel embedded in the electronic health record system and compounding software as another layer of standardization and quality assurance. Syringes were made available to the interventional cardiologist in the cardiac catheterization laboratory suite immediately prior to a scheduled case. Eleven orders of acetylcholine were placed with five dilution syringes per order (total 55 compounded syringes) from the customized acetylcholine provoked coronary vasospasm procedure order panel.
Results
From January 2020 to March 2021, 11 patients underwent acetylcholine vasoreactivity testing for clinical indications. One patient developed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate during provocative testing of the right coronary artery which required elective cardioversion the following day. Of 11 patients, 9 were outpatients and 2 were inpatients. 1 patient received intravenous atropine and ondansetron due to profound bradycardia and nausea after 100mcg acetylcholine administration. No other safety events occurred.
Conclusion(s)
Provocative testing with intracoronary acetylcholine administration is safe and feasible. For clinical assessment, sterile compounding and customized order panels facilitate routine clinical assessment for patients with suspected vasospastic angina. Nursing protocols should include cardiac monitoring, medications to reverse adverse effects, and possible outcomes of provocative testing. We provide a practical description of our workflow for pharmacists, catheterization laboratory staff, and providers for routine acetylcholine provocation for the evaluation of INOCA.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tran
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States of America
| | - M Tuite
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States of America
| | | | - S Kunnirickal
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States of America
| | - T Esposito
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States of America
| | - S E Pfau
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States of America
| | - S M Shah
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States of America
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Lisberg A, Liu B, Salehi-Rad R, Lee J, Tran L, Kostyantyn K, Lim R, Dumitras C, Jing Z, Abtin F, Suh R, Genshaft S, Fishbein G, Kaul A, Kahlon K, Ashouri S, Goldman J, Elashoff D, Garon E, Dubinett S. P11.01 Phase I Trial of in Situ Vaccination With Autologous CCL21-Modified Dendritic Cells (CCL21-DC) Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stanley K, Hostyk J, Tran L, Amengual-Gual M, Dugan P, Clark J, Choi H, Tchapyjnikov D, Perucca P, Fernandes C, Andrade D, Devinsky O, Cavalleri GL, Depondt C, Sen A, O'Brien T, Heinzen E, Loddenkemper T, Goldstein DB, Mikati MA, Delanty N. Genomic analysis of "microphenotypes" in epilepsy. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:138-146. [PMID: 34569149 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Large international consortia examining the genomic architecture of the epilepsies focus on large diagnostic subgroupings such as "all focal epilepsy" and "all genetic generalized epilepsy". In addition, phenotypic data are generally entered into these large discovery databases in a unidirectional manner at one point in time only. However, there are many smaller phenotypic subgroupings in epilepsy, many of which may have unique genomic risk factors. Such a subgrouping or "microphenotype" may be defined as an uncommon or rare phenotype that is well recognized by epileptologists and the epilepsy community, and which may or may not be formally recognized within the International League Against Epilepsy classification system. Here we examine the genetic structure of a number of such microphenotypes and report in particular on two interesting clinical phenotypes, Jeavons syndrome and pediatric status epilepticus. Although no single gene reached exome-wide statistical significance to be associated with any of the diagnostic categories, we observe enrichment of rare damaging variants in established epilepsy genes among Landau-Kleffner patients (GRIN2A) and pediatric status epilepticus patients (MECP2, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Stanley
- Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Hostyk
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marta Amengual-Gual
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia Dugan
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justice Clark
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyunmi Choi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Piero Perucca
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Danielle Andrade
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Arjune Sen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences - Neurology, University of Oxford Nuffield, Oxford, UK
| | - Terence O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin Heinzen
- Pharmacy and Genetics, University of North Carolina System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Gonzalez-Izundegui D, Campos A, Calderon G, Ricardo-Silgado ML, Cifuentes L, Decker PA, Vargas EJ, Tran L, Burton D, Dayyeh BA, Camilleri M, Eckel-Passow JE, Acosta A. Association of gastric emptying with postprandial appetite and satiety sensations in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1497-1507. [PMID: 34313001 PMCID: PMC8722357 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Satiety, defined as the duration of the sensation of fullness, is usually measured by validated visual analog scales (VAS) for appetite. Gastric function plays a key role in food intake regulation. However, the association between gastric emptying (GE) and VAS appetite is unknown. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 134 participants (mean [SEM] age = 39 [0.8] years, mean [SEM] BMI = 38 [0.5] kg/m2 , 67% females) completed simultaneous measurements of GE and VAS appetite. After a 320-kcal meal, GE was measured by scintigraphy and appetite by validated 100-mm VAS for 240 minutes. Satiation was defined as calories consumed to terminate meal and was measured by an ad libitum meal. GE, VAS, and ad libitum meal tests were measured on the same day. Percent of meal retention in the stomach, VAS area under curve (AUC0-240 min ), and overall appetite score (OAS) were calculated. Pearson correlation (ρ) determined the association of GE with VAS appetite and satiation. Appetite components were also analyzed by quartiles based on GE120 min . RESULTS GE120 min was correlated with sensation of VAS hungerAUC(0-240 min) (ρ = 0.24, p = 0.004), fullnessAUC(0-240 min) (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.05), and OASAUC(0-240 min) (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.02). Patients with rapid GE120 min had a mean increase in VAS hungerAUC(0-240 min) by 32 mm/min (15.62%, p = 0.03) compared with normal/slow GE120 min . CONCLUSIONS GE is associated with the sensations of appetite, and rapid GE is associated with increased appetite, which may contribute to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez-Izundegui
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alejandro Campos
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gerardo Calderon
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Maria L Ricardo-Silgado
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eric J. Vargas
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Linh Tran
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Duane Burton
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barham Abu Dayyeh
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Bhave P, Ahmed T, Shoushtari A, Zaremba A, Versluis J, Mangana J, Weichenthal M, Si L, Lesimple T, Robert C, Trojaniello C, Wicky A, Heywood R, Tran L, Batty K, Stansfeld A, Lebbe C, Schwarze J, Mooradian M, Carlino M. 1047P Efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in acral melanoma (AM). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bian J, Kim S, Kane SJ, Crowell J, Sun JL, Christiansen J, Saijo E, Moreno JA, DiLisio J, Burnett E, Pritzkow S, Gorski D, Soto C, Kreeger TJ, Balachandran A, Mitchell G, Miller MW, Nonno R, Vikøren T, Våge J, Madslien K, Tran L, Vuong TT, Benestad SL, Telling GC. Adaptive selection of a prion strain conformer corresponding to established North American CWD during propagation of novel emergent Norwegian strains in mice expressing elk or deer prion protein. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009748. [PMID: 34310663 PMCID: PMC8341702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are infectious proteins causing fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of animals and humans. Replication involves template-directed refolding of host encoded prion protein, PrPC, by its infectious conformation, PrPSc. Following its discovery in captive Colorado deer in 1967, uncontrollable contagious transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) led to an expanded geographic range in increasing numbers of free-ranging and captive North American (NA) cervids. Some five decades later, detection of PrPSc in free-ranging Norwegian (NO) reindeer and moose marked the first indication of CWD in Europe. To assess the properties of these emergent NO prions and compare them with NA CWD we used transgenic (Tg) and gene targeted (Gt) mice expressing PrP with glutamine (Q) or glutamate (E) at residue 226, a variation in wild type cervid PrP which influences prion strain selection in NA deer and elk. Transmissions of NO moose and reindeer prions to Tg and Gt mice recapitulated the characteristic features of CWD in natural hosts, revealing novel prion strains with disease kinetics, neuropathological profiles, and capacities to infect lymphoid tissues and cultured cells that were distinct from those causing NA CWD. In support of strain variation, PrPSc conformers comprising emergent NO moose and reindeer CWD were subject to selective effects imposed by variation at residue 226 that were different from those controlling established NA CWD. Transmission of particular NO moose CWD prions in mice expressing E at 226 resulted in selection of a kinetically optimized conformer, subsequent transmission of which revealed properties consistent with NA CWD. These findings illustrate the potential for adaptive selection of strain conformers with improved fitness during propagation of unstable NO prions. Their potential for contagious transmission has implications for risk analyses and management of emergent European CWD. Finally, we found that Gt mice expressing physiologically controlled PrP levels recapitulated the lymphotropic properties of naturally occurring CWD strains resulting in improved susceptibilities to emergent NO reindeer prions compared with over-expressing Tg counterparts. These findings underscore the refined advantages of Gt models for exploring the mechanisms and impacts of strain selection in peripheral compartments during natural prion transmission. Prions cause fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. They are composed of an infectious, neurotoxic protein (PrP) which replicates by imposing pathogenic conformations on its normal, host-encoded counterpart. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious prion disorder threatening increasing numbers of free-ranging and captive North American deer, elk, and moose. While CWD detection in Norwegian reindeer and moose in 2016 marked the advent of disease in Europe, its origins and relationship to North American CWD were initially unclear. Here we show, using mice engineered to express deer or elk PrP, that Norwegian reindeer and moose CWD are caused by novel prion strains with properties distinct from those of North American CWD. We found that selection and propagation of North American and Norwegian CWD strains was controlled by a key amino acid residue in host PrP. We also found that particular Norwegian isolates adapted during their propagation in mice to produce prions with characteristics of the North American strain. Our findings defining the transmission profiles of novel Norwegian prions and their unstable potential to produce adapted strains with improved fitness for contagious transmission have implications for risk analyses and management of emergent European CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Bian
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sehun Kim
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Kane
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jenna Crowell
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Julianna L. Sun
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Christiansen
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eri Saijo
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James DiLisio
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Emily Burnett
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sandra Pritzkow
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Damian Gorski
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Terry J. Kreeger
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Wheatland, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Aru Balachandran
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gordon Mitchell
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael W. Miller
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nutrition and Food Safety, Rome, Italy
| | - Turid Vikøren
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference laboratory for CWD, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn Våge
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference laboratory for CWD, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference laboratory for CWD, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linh Tran
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference laboratory for CWD, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tram Thu Vuong
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference laboratory for CWD, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvie L. Benestad
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, OIE Reference laboratory for CWD, Oslo, Norway
| | - Glenn C. Telling
- Prion Research Center (PRC), the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A highly sensitive immunosensor using streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots (QDs/SA) was developed to detect dengue biomarker of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) at very low concentration, so that it can probe dengue infection even in the early stage. The QDs/SA were first bound to biotinylated NS1 antibody (Ab) and the QDs/SA-Ab conjugates were then used to detect the NS1 antigen (Ag) in the Ag concentration range of 1 pM to 120 nM. The formation of QDs/SA-Ab and QDs/SA-Ab-Ag conjugates was confirmed by the measurements of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FF-SEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta-potential. Fluorescence emission spectra of QDs/SA-Ab-Ag conjugates showed that the magnitude of fluorescence quenching was linearly proportional to the NS1 Ag concentration and it nicely followed the Stern-Volmer (SV) equation in phosphate buffer solution. However, in human plasma serum solution, the fluorescence quenching behavior was negatively deviated from the SV equation presumably due to interference by the serum component biomolecules, and it was well explained by the Lehrer equation. These results suggest that the current approach is promising because it is highly sensitive, fast, simple, and convenient, and thus it has a potential of application for point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Sangkwon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
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50
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Sinjab A, Han G, Treekitkarnmongkol W, Hara K, Brennan P, Dang M, Hao D, Wang R, Dai E, Dejima H, Zhang J, Bogatenkova E, Sanchez-Espiridion B, Chang K, Little DR, Bazzi S, Tran L, Krysan K, Behrens C, Duose D, Parra ER, Raso MG, Solis LM, Fukuoka J, Zhang J, Sepesi B, Cascone T, Byers LA, Gibbons DL, Chen J, Moghaddam SJ, Ostrin EJ, Rosen DG, Heymach JV, Scheet P, Dubinett S, Wistuba II, Fujimoto J, Stevenson CS, Spira AE, Wang L, Kadara H. Abstract 130: Resolving the spatial and cellular architecture of lung adenocarcinoma by multi-region single-cell sequencing. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most commonly diagnosed histological subtype of lung cancer. While earlier work has underscored genomic and immune alterations in LUAD, the roles of individual cell populations in early-stage human LUAD evolution in space remain unknown. Here, we provide a detailed cellular atlas of early-stage LUAD and its spatial ecosystem along the peripheral lung. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 186,916 cells including enriched epithelial fractions from five early-stage LUADs with fourteen multi-region normal lung tissues of defined spatial proximities from the primary LUADs. We show that major epithelial and immune cellular lineages, states, and transcriptomic features geospatially and progressively evolve across normal regions and with increasing LUAD proximity. Analysis of 70,030 lung epithelial cells unraveled diverse lineage trajectories, transcriptional lineage plasticity programs underlying KRAS-mutant cells, and intratumoral heterogeneity within single sites. T regulatory cell programs including multiple immune checkpoints increased in tissues with closer proximity to LUADs, in sharp contrast to signatures of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, antigen presentation by macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells. We found that some spatial signatures (e.g. a B cell signature score) were increased along the pathologic spectrum of normal lung, preneoplastic lesions, and matched invasive LUADs. LUAD cell-cell communication networks were enriched with ligand-receptor interactions involving CD24, LGALS9 and TIM3 immune checkpoints, including crosstalk between CD24 antigen in LUAD epithelial cells and SIGLEC10 in myeloid subsets. CD24 was markedly increased in preneoplasias relative to normal lung and further in LUAD, and its expression was highly positively correlated with immunosuppressive phenotypes. These data provide an atlas of cellular states and phenotypes underlying early-stage LUAD evolution in space, and a scalable resource for identification of targets for early treatment.
Citation Format: Ansam Sinjab, Guangchun Han, Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol, Kieko Hara, Patrick Brennan, Minghao Dang, Dapeng Hao, Ruiping Wang, Enyu Dai, Hitoshi Dejima, Jiexin Zhang, Elena Bogatenkova, Beatriz Sanchez-Espiridion, Kyle Chang, Danielle R. Little, Samer Bazzi, Linh Tran, Kostyantyn Krysan, Carmen Behrens, Dzifa Duose, Edwin R. Parra, Maria Gabriela Raso, Luisa M. Solis, Junya Fukuoka, Jianjun Zhang, Boris Sepesi, Tina Cascone, Lauren A. Byers, Don L. Gibbons, Jichao Chen, Seyed Javad Moghaddam, Edwin J. Ostrin, Daniel G. Rosen, John V. Heymach, Paul Scheet, Steven Dubinett, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Junya Fujimoto, Christopher S. Stevenson, Avrum E. Spira, Linghua Wang, Humam Kadara. Resolving the spatial and cellular architecture of lung adenocarcinoma by multi-region single-cell sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 130.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enyu Dai
- 1MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linh Tran
- 3The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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