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Dimitrov I, Stankova T, Angelova P, Boyadjiev N, Georgieva K, Dimov I, Bivolarska A, Draganova M, Gerginska F, Daskalova E, Gramatikov V, Delchev S. Diet-Induced Early Inflammatory Response of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1184. [PMID: 38674875 PMCID: PMC11053711 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to abnormal growth of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increased macrophage infiltration, and altered secretion of biologically active molecules. This is considered as a precondition for the development of obesity, inflammation, and obesity-related disorders. Therefore, we studied HFD-induced changes in the tissue levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, and interleukin-4 in healthy male Wistar rats. The animals were first divided at random into two groups subjected to either a standard or a high-fat diet. The initial effect of the diet was evaluated after fourteen weeks. In order to study the diet duration effect, the standard diet was given to twelve animals from the HFD group, while the remaining continued with the HFD for an additional four weeks. Our results showed that the HFD barely affected body mass index, conicity, relative fat mass, and Lee indices, whereas it provoked adipocyte hypertrophy and gradually increased the levels of both the pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. The switch from the high-fat to the standard diet resulted in the comparatively fast restoration of the baseline levels of the studied molecules. Although, the prolonged consumption of an HFD causes adipocyte hypertrophy in healthy male animals, the inflammatory process in VAT is well-coordinated, time-dependent, and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Dimitrov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Penka Angelova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (K.G.)
| | - Nikolay Boyadjiev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (K.G.)
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (K.G.)
| | - Ivica Dimov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Milena Draganova
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fanka Gerginska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.G.); (E.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Daskalova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.G.); (E.D.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Slavi Delchev
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.G.); (E.D.); (S.D.)
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Gyuzeleva D, Benina M, Ivanova V, Vatov E, Alseekh S, Mladenova T, Mladenov R, Todorov K, Bivolarska A, Stoyanov P. Metabolome Profiling of Marrubium peregrinum L. and Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss Reveals Their Potential as Sources of Plant-Based Pharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17035. [PMID: 38069358 PMCID: PMC10707198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Marrubium species have been used since ancient times as food additives and curative treatments. Their phytochemical composition and various pharmacological activities were the focus of a number of scientific investigations but no comprehensive metabolome profiling to identify the numerous primary and secondary metabolites has been performed so far. This study aimed to generate a comprehensive picture of the total metabolite content of two Marrubium species-M. peregrinum and M. friwaldskyanum-to provide detailed information about the main primary and secondary metabolites. In addition, the elemental composition was also evaluated. For this purpose, non-targeted metabolomic analyses were conducted using GC-MS, UPLC-MS/MS and ICP-MS approaches. Nearly 500 compounds and 12 elements were detected and described. The results showed a strong presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and their glucosides, which are generally of great interest due to their various pharmacological activities. Furthermore, tissue-specific analyses for M. friwaldskyanum stem, leaves and flowers were carried out in order to outline the sources of potentially important bioactive molecules. The results generated from this study depict the Marrubium metabolome and reveal its dual scientific importance-from one side, providing information about the metabolites that is fundamental and vital for the survival of these species, and from the other side, defining the large diversity of secondary substances that are a potential source of phytotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donika Gyuzeleva
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Sveti Kniaz Boris I Pokrastitel Str., 4023 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina Ivanova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Sveti Kniaz Boris I Pokrastitel Str., 4023 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Emil Vatov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Sveti Kniaz Boris I Pokrastitel Str., 4023 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Sveti Kniaz Boris I Pokrastitel Str., 4023 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 1, Am Mühlenberg, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tsvetelina Mladenova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Rumen Mladenov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.G.); (T.M.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Todorov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Stoyanov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.G.); (T.M.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Kuskunov T, Tilkiyan E, Doykov D, Boyanov K, Bivolarska A, Hristov B. The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Uremic Toxins, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients-Results of an Uncontrolled Prospective Single-Arm Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1383. [PMID: 37629672 PMCID: PMC10456308 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Numerous studies to date have shown that the development of dysbiotic gut microbiota is a characteristic finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD). A number of uremic toxins progressively accumulate in the course of CKD, some of them generated by the intestinal microbiome, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS). They are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain complications of uremic syndrome, including low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to research the serum concentration of IS and p-CS in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing conventional hemodialysis, as well as to study the possibilities of influencing some markers of inflammation and oxidative stress after taking a synbiotic. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis treatment who were taking a synbiotic in the form of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 2 × 1011 (CFU)/g and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides were included in the study. Serum levels of total IS, total p-CS, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Results. The baseline values of the four investigated indicators in the patients were significantly higher-p-CS (29.26 ± 58.32 pg/mL), IS (212.89 ± 208.59 ng/mL), IL-6 (13.84 ± 2.02 pg/mL), and MDA (1430.33 ± 583.42 pg/mL), compared to the results obtained after 8 weeks of intake, as we found a significant decrease in the parameters compared to the baseline-p-CS (6.40 ± 0.79 pg/mL, p = 0.041), IS (47.08 ± 3.24 ng/mL, p < 0.001), IL-6 (9.14 ± 1.67 pg/mL, p < 0.001), and MDA (1003.47 ± 518.37 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The current study found that the restoration of the intestinal microbiota in patients with CKD significantly decreases the level of certain uremic toxins. It is likely that this favorably affects certain aspects of CKD, such as persistent low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Kuskunov
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Hemodialysis Unit, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Eduard Tilkiyan
- Second Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Nephrology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Nephrology Clinic, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Doykov
- Second Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Gastroenterology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Boyanov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Bozhidar Hristov
- Second Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Gastroenterology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Delcheva G, Stankova T, Stefanova K, Bivolarska A. Assessment of health status and cardiovascular risk factors in a Roma population sample from South Bulgaria. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:115-119. [PMID: 37451244 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Roma population is one of the major ethnic groups in the Central and Eastern Europe, having high rates of chronic diseases and associated risk factors related to their poor social conditions, unhealthy lifestyle and low educational level. The purpose of our study was to assess the health status of Roma from South Bulgaria by means of blood indicators and determine the prevalence of some cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the Roma population sample. METHODS The study group consisted of 60 Roma (23 men and 37 women), mean age 53.7 ± 15.9 years, and the control group consisted of 68 non-Roma from the majority population (29 men and 38 women), mean age 45.8 ± 12.2 years. The data were collected via questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and venous blood samples analyses after an overnight fasting. RESULTS The Roma population subjects were slightly but significantly older compared to the non-Roma group and both study groups included more women. The fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in Roma compared to the control non-Roma group. The values of cardiovascular risk markers such as TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lipoprotein combine index (LCI) were significantly higher in Roma compared to non-Roma subjects. The prevalence of obesity in Roma was 35%, diabetes mellitus was recorded in 16.7% of the entire Roma sample, and hyperglycaemia in non-diabetics was recorded in 32%. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in 90% and hypertriglyceridaemia was found in 88.3%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was high and was encountered in 71.7% of the Roma participants and most of the subjects (96.7%) reported family history of CVD. The studied population showed high smoking rates with 33.3% active smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed high prevalence of CV risk factors among Roma population, such as abnormal lipid profile parameters, obesity and heavy smoking and very high cardiovascular morbidity rate. Therefore, adequate measures and healthcare programmes aiming at the early identification, treatment and prevention of CVD risks among Roma are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginka Delcheva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Katya Stefanova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Atanasova T, Stankova T, Bivolarska A, Vlaykova T. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Health-Special Attention on MMP-8. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1514. [PMID: 37371608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of Ca2+ and Zn2+ dependent proteolytic enzymes, able to cleave the various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as a range of other regulatory molecules. Several reports have proven the important role of both MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors, TIPMs, in oral health, the initial development of the tooth, and during enamel maturation. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize the literature information about the functions of MMPs, paying more attention to MMP-8 (collagenase-2 or neutrophil collagenase) in the development and progression of periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and carious lesions. We also emphasize the role of particular gene variants in MMP8 as predisposing factors for some oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Atanasova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Dimov I, Mollova D, Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Nikolova M, Bivolarska A, Iliev I. Metabolic profiling of probiotic strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus L14 cultivated in presence of prebiotic oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in simulating in vitro gastrointestinal tract system. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2178825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Dimov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Mollova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tonka Vasileva
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Bivolarski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Nikolova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Choneva M, Shishmanova-Doseva M, Dimov I, Boyanov K, Dimitrov I, Vlaykova T, Georgieva K, Hrischev P, Bivolarska A. Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1632-1644. [PMID: 36329786 PMCID: PMC9579861 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized with decreased microbial diversity. Gut microbiota is essential for the normal physiological functioning of many organs, especially the brain. Prebiotics are selectively fermentable oligosaccharides [xylooligosaccharides (XOS), galactooligosaccharides, etc.] that promote the growth and activity of gut microbes and influence the gut-brain axis. Aerobic exercise is a non-pharmacological approach for the control of diabetes and could improve cognitive functions. The potential beneficial effect of XOS and/or aerobic training on cognition, the lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of experimental rats were evaluated in this study. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups and a control group. Some of the rats, either on a XOS treatment or a standard diet, underwent aerobic training. The results showed that the aerobic training independently lowered the total cholesterol levels compared to the sedentary diabetic rats (p = 0.032), while XOS lowers the malondialdehyde levels in the trained diabetic rats (p = 0.034). What is more the exercise, independently or in combination with XOS beneficially affected all parameters of the behavioral tests. We conclude that aerobic exercises alone or in a combination with the prebiotic XOS could ameliorate the dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and cognitive abilities in experimental type 1 diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Choneva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Michaela Shishmanova-Doseva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Ivica Dimov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Boyanov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Dimitrov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Hrischev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
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Mladenova T, Batsalova T, Dzhambazov B, Mladenov R, Teneva I, Stoyanov P, Bivolarska A. Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Properties of the Bulgarian Endemic Plant Betonica bulgarica Degen et Neič. (Lamiaceae). Plants 2022; 11:plants11131689. [PMID: 35807641 PMCID: PMC9268963 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Extracts obtained from different Betonica species have been shown to possess important biological properties. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, antitumor and immunomodulatory potential of the endemic plant Betonica bulgarica (Lamiaceae) and thus, reveal new aspects of its biological activity. Methods: Methanolic extract obtained from inflorescences was analyzed for cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. The antitumor potential of the sample was determined using human cervical and lung adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa and A549). Programmed cell death-inducing effects against HeLa cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as immunomodulatory properties of the extract were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results: The research results demonstrated that the extract has significant inhibitory potential against HeLa cells (mean IC50 value 119.2 μg/mL). The sample selectively induced apoptotic death in tumor cells. Cytotoxic effects towards mouse cell lines were detected following treatment with high concentrations of Betonica bulgarica extract (200 and 250 μg/mL). Twenty-four-hour ex vivo incubation of peripheral blood leucocytes in growth medium containing plant extract induced prominent effects in distinct immune cell populations. They included elevated levels of CD25+ and CD56+ T cells’ lymphocytes, particularly CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD56+ cells. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that Betonica bulgarica inflorescence extract possesses potential beneficial antitumor and immunomodulatory activity and could serve as a source of bioactive compounds with biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Mladenova
- Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (T.B.); (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Tsvetelina Batsalova
- Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (T.B.); (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (T.B.); (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Rumen Mladenov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (T.B.); (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.T.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Teneva
- Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (T.B.); (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Plamen Stoyanov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (T.B.); (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.T.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-32-200-695
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Delcheva G, Maneva A, Deneva T, Bivolarska A. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IRON AND THYROID STATUS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. JofIMAB 2022. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2022281.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pregnancy is often complicated by iron deficiency, affecting negatively thyroid gland physiology. The aim of our study is to investigate parameters of iron and thyroid status during І, ІІ and ІІІ trimester of pregnancy in order to establish potential correlations in their dynamics. Materials and methods: The study involved 61 pregnant women and 43 controls. Their iron and thyroid status was determined by measuring hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Results: Significant differences between pregnant women and the control group were found, indicating an iron deficiency risk: sTfR level was higher, while Hb, ferritin and FT4 levels were lower in pregnant women. Thyroxine correlated positively with Hb (p = 0.016) and ferritin (p = 0.003) in pregnant women. In the I trimester, there was a negative association between sTfR and FT4 (p = 0.013), and in the III trimester, there was a positive association between sTfR and TSH (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: sTfR represented the relationship between iron and thyroid status in the I and III trimester. Iron deficiency was expressed in the III trimester with a positive association between sTfR and TSH. The increased maternal iron requirement (sTfR) correlated with increased TSH secretion induced by decreased thyroxine.
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Dimov I, Choneva M, lliev I, Bivolarska A. EFFECT OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES ON ENZYMES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN IN VITRO TREATED ERYTHROCYTES UNDER CONDITIONS OF HYPERGLYCEMIA. JofIMAB 2021. [DOI: 10.5272/jimab.2021274.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effect of different oligosaccharides with proven prebiotic effects on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and the antioxidant protection of erythrocytes in vitro under conditions of hyperglycemia. Materials and methods: This experiment included 10 healthy men (27±3 years of age). The isolated erythrocytes were treated with 1% and 5% solutions of the following oligosaccharides: lactulose, inulin, galactooligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide in the presence of 5mM, 50mM and 100mM glucose. After incubation, for 2 hours at 37 °C, the erythrocytes were lysed, and the supernatant was used for analyses of lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and glutathione reductase. FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) method was used for determining the total antioxidant activity of erythrocytes. Results: Lactate dehydrogenase was decreased in the presence of 5% lactulose in groups with 50mM and 100 mM Glc. An increase in the activity of glutathione reductase under severe hyperglycemia (100mM glucose) was observed after treatment with: 1% lactulose, 1% inulin, 1% galactooligosaccharide, 1% and 5% fructooligosaccharides (p<0.005). A significant difference in the enzymatic activity of hexokinase was found in all groups (p<0.05) and of glutathione reductase only in the control group as well as in the groups treated with 1% lactulose, 1% galactooligosaccharide, 1% and 5% fructooligosaccharides Conclusions: Galactooligosaccharides 1% and fructooligosaccharides 1% and 5% cause a statistically significant increase of the enzymatic activities of hexokinase and glutathione reductase in in vitro hyperglycemia induced by 100 mM glucose, as well as an increase in FRAP.
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Mladenova T, Stoyanov P, Denev P, Dimitrova S, Katsarova M, Teneva D, Todorov K, Bivolarska A. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Balkan Endemic Micromeria frivaldszkyana (Degen) Velen. (Lamiaceae). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10040710. [PMID: 33916903 PMCID: PMC8067600 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates the content of sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Balkan-endemic Micromeria frivaldszkyana. Glucose was the most abundant sugar in the plant (2.77%), followed by fructose (1.18%) and galactose (0.82%). Eight organic acids were detected with quinic acid being in the highest content-556.3 mg/100 g DW. From the individual phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid was found in the most significant amounts (2040.1 ± 1.97 mg/100 g) and hesperidin was the major representative of flavonoids with content 131.2 ± 5.6 mg/100 g DW. The antioxidant activity of the plant was studied by six methods: 2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-286.4 ± 10.43 mM TE/g, 2,2'azinobis (3)-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)-358.4 ± 10.4 mM TE/g, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)-388.0 ± 32.4 mM TE/g, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)-905.6 ± 19.2 mM TE/g, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)-3250.5 ± 208.1 µmol TE/g and Hydroxyl Radical Averting Capacity (HORAC)-306.1 ± 23.5 µmol GAE/g. In vitro antimicrobial activity against nine microorganism was evaluated but the extract displayed antimicrobial activity only against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 with inhibition zone diameter 9 mm and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 10 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Mladenova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (P.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Plamen Stoyanov
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (P.S.); (K.T.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Stela Dimitrova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariana Katsarova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Desislava Teneva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Krasimir Todorov
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (P.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Bivolarska A, Gatseva P, Nikolova J, Argirova M, Atanasova V. Effect of Thiocyanate on Iodine Status of Pregnant Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:101-107. [PMID: 26676231 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the thyroid status of pregnant women on the basis of biochemical indicators and to evaluate the potential risk of developing iodine deficiency as a result of tobacco smoke exposure by assessing the association between urinary thiocyanate levels and the manifestation of iodine deficiency. The study included 219 pregnant women from the town of Plovdiv and Plovdiv District in Southern Bulgaria. The levels of urinary iodine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and urinary thiocyanate as indicators of tobacco smoke exposure were measured. Most of the pregnant women (60.1 %) were found to have iodine deficiency, 10.6 % of them had TSH values greater than 4 mIU/L, and 16.4 % had FT4 below 9 pmol/L. There were negative correlations between urinary iodine levels and thiocyanate/creatinine ratio (R = -0.148, р = 0.034) and between thiocyanate/creatinine ratio and FT4 (R = -0.379, p < 0.0001); thiocyanate/creatinine ratio and serum TSH were positively correlated (R = 0.169, p = 0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women in whom the thiocyanate/creatinine ratio was greater than the median value of 3.57 mg/g had a 3.882-fold higher risk of developing iodine deficiency (urinary iodine <150 μg/L) than the pregnant women with lower thiocyanate levels (OR = 3.882, 95 % CI 1.402-10.751, p = 0.009). Higher levels of urinary thiocyanate were found in women exposed to tobacco smoke, and quantification of these ions in urine provided a fast non-invasive method to monitor thiocyanate load. Due to the competitive inhibition of iodine intake by thiocyanates, their levels should be carefully monitored, especially in cases of severe iodine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 15A Vassil Aprilov Street, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Penka Gatseva
- Department of Hygiene and Eco-medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, 15A Vassil Aprilov Street, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Julia Nikolova
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, 15A Vassil Aprilov Street, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Argirova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 15A Vassil Aprilov Street, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Atanasova
- Department of Hygiene and Eco-medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, 15A Vassil Aprilov Street, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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