1
|
Sbaraglia F, Cuomo C, Della Sala F, Festa R, Garra R, Maiellare F, Micci DM, Posa D, Pizzo CM, Pusateri A, Spano MM, Lucente M, Rossi M. State of the Art in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Narrative Review about the Use of Preoperative Time. J Pers Med 2024; 14:182. [PMID: 38392615 PMCID: PMC10890671 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the challenge of pediatric anesthesia, underscoring the necessity for tailored perioperative approaches due to children's distinctive anatomical and physiological characteristics. Because of the vulnerability of pediatric patients to critical incidents during anesthesia, provider skills are of primary importance. Yet, almost equal importance must be granted to the adoption of a careful preanesthetic mindset toward patients and their families that recognizes the interwoven relationship between children and parents. In this paper, the preoperative evaluation process is thoroughly examined, from the first interaction with the child to the operating day. This evaluation process includes a detailed exploration of the medical history of the patient, physical examination, optimization of preoperative therapy, and adherence to updated fasting management guidelines. This process extends to considering pharmacological or drug-free premedication, focusing on the importance of preanesthesia re-evaluation. Structural resources play a critical role in pediatric anesthesia; components of this role include emphasizing the creation of child-friendly environments and ensuring appropriate support facilities. The results of this paper support the need for standardized protocols and guidelines and encourage the centralization of practices to enhance clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sbaraglia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Cuomo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Della Sala
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossano Festa
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Garra
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Maiellare
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Micci
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Posa
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Maria Pizzo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pusateri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mario Spano
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Lucente
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garra R, Pusateri A, Festa R, Visocchi M, Tosi F. The Role of the Anesthesiologist and the Modern Intraoperative Echography in Ventriculoatrial Shunt for Hydrocephalus: From Hakim to Nowadays. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2023; 135:167-169. [PMID: 38153466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36084-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of US-guided venipuncture in clinical practice has greatly facilitated the surgical approach to patients with hydrocephalus. Especially in infants and children, where it results in a lower technical failure rate, less time and fewer complications than the traditional referral method, this technique has become a clinical protocol. This dynamic or "real time" technique has become one of the anesthetist's tools. This allowed the anesthesiologists to be part of the surgical team, so they not only dedicate themselves to inducing and maintaining general anesthesia but also to performing venipuncture of the central vein of the neck and to locating the tip of the catheter.The anesthetist's tools have made it possible to perform a simple and safe method, and the anesthesiologists have become an active part of the surgical team, charged with a specific role during the positioning of the ventricular atrial shunt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Garra
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Pusateri
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Festa
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - F Tosi
- Institute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, A. Gemelli University Polyclinic, IRCCS and Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Festa R, Tosi F, Pusateri A, Mensi S, Garra R, Mancino A, Frassanito P, Rossi M. The scalp block for postoperative pain control in craniosynostosis surgery: a case control study. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:3063-3070. [PMID: 32418049 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative analgesia after corrective surgery of pediatric craniosynostosis is crucial in terms of short- and long-term outcomes. The objective of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an analgesic technique based on the scalp block versus traditional pharmacological approach. METHODS Thirteen patients, aged between 3 months and 2 years, undergoing surgical correction of craniosynostosis, received scalp nerve block before awakening (scalp block group). This group of patients was compared to a second group of 13 patients, retrieved from our database, treated with the traditional pharmacological approach (control group). Pain scores, need of rescue therapy, resumption of oral nutrition, degree of parent satisfaction at discharge, and length of stay in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and in the hospital were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Objective Pain Score values were significantly lower in patients treated with scalp block at 30 min and at 8 h after extubation. The number of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of pain in PICU was significantly higher in Control group. Children in Scalp block group started earlier oral feeding than in Control group, both for clear fluids and milk. Length of stay in PICU was longer in Scalp block group than in Control group, though the difference between the mean data in the two groups is about 3 . This difference does not seem significant from a clinical standpoint, since it seems more related to logistic issues (e.g., availability of bed in the Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, presence of a parent), rather than clinical problems contraindicating the discharge from PICU. Indeed, the overall hospital length of stay was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION Scalp nerve block was effective for immediate postoperative pain control in patients younger than 2 years who underwent cranioplasty for craniosynostosis. The best pain control compared to conventional therapy allowed to limit the need for rescue analgesics in PICU and an earlier recovery time. ClinicalTrials.gov Identification: NCT04133467.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossano Festa
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pusateri
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Mensi
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Garra
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Mancino
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Frassanito
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Roma, Italy.
| | - Marco Rossi
- Anesthesia and Intensive care, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze dell'emergenza, anestesiologiche e della rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pagella F, Maiorano E, Matti E, Tinelli C, De Silvestri A, Ugolini S, Lizzio R, Olivieri C, Pusateri A, Spinozzi G. FID Score: an effective tool in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia - related epistaxis. Rhinology 2020; 58:516-521. [PMID: 32584331 DOI: 10.4193/rhin20.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare disease characterized by a multisystemic vascular dysplasia and epistaxis, that is the most common cause of disability and social impairment. Patient management strictly depends on the severity of this symptom; therefore, it is of paramount importance for the clinicians to effectively grade epistaxis severity. The aim of this report was to validate the Frequency, Intensity and Duration score (FID) for grading epistaxis severity in patients with HHT; we studied repeatability and external validity comparing FID score with Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS). METHODS This is a descriptive, observational study that included 264 adult HHT patients with epistaxis. Diagnosis of HHT was established with Curacao criteria or positivity at genetic testing. Nosebleed severity was evaluated according to the FID score and the ESS. The first 30 patients were included in the validation of the FID score, which was graded on days 0, 1, 3 and 7. In the remaining 234 patients, a comparison between the ESS and FID score was performed. RESULTS The statistical analysis performed in order to validate the FID score showed very good agreement between scores calculated on different days; analysis comparing the FID score with the ESS revealed a high correlation between the two grading systems. CONCLUSIONS The FID score is a quick, easy and precise tool for evaluating HHT-related epistaxis and could be a possible alternative to the ESS. The FID score meets the need for an intuitive and smart grading system that is easy to manage in clinicians’ hands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pagella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Maiorano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Matti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Ugolini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Lizzio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Olivieri
- Molecular Medicine Department, General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - A Pusateri
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - G Spinozzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chiaretti A, Pittiruti M, Sassudelli G, Conti G, Rossi M, Pulitanò SM, Mancino A, Pusateri A, Gatto A, Tosi F. Comparison between sedation room and operating room in central venous catheter positioning in children. J Vasc Access 2020; 22:184-188. [PMID: 32564667 DOI: 10.1177/1129729820932415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placement of central venous access devices is a clinical procedure associated with some risk of adverse events and with a relevant cost. Careful choice of the device, appropriate insertion technique, and proper management of the device are well-known strategies commonly adopted to achieve an optimal clinical result. However, the environment where the procedure takes place may have an impact on the overall outcome in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis on pediatric patients scheduled for a major neurosurgical operation, who required a central venous access device in the perioperative period. We divided the patients in two groups: in group A the central venous access device was inserted in the operating room, while in group B the central venous access device was inserted in the sedation room of our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. We compared the two groups in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS We analyzed 47 central venous access devices in 42 children. There were no insertion-related complications. Only one catheter-related bloodstream infection was recorded, in group A. However, the costs related to central venous access device insertion were quite different: €330-€540 in group A versus €105-€135 in group B. CONCLUSION In the pediatric patient candidate to a major neurosurgical operation, preoperative insertion of the central venous access device in the sedation room rather than in the operating room is less expensive and equally safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiaretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sassudelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Pulitanò
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Mancino
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pusateri
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gatto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tosi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thompson MD, Cismowski MJ, Serpico M, Pusateri A, Brigstock DR. Elevation of circulating microRNA levels in obese children compared to healthy controls. Clin Obes 2017; 7:216-221. [PMID: 28397375 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As childhood obesity increases, it is becoming important to understand the complications of obesity in children and develop novel biomarkers. Evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNA) are dys-regulated in obesity and may serve as sensitive and specific circulating biomarkers. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complication of obesity that ultimately requires a liver biopsy to determine disease severity. While studies have been conducted in adults, no study to date has examined circulating miRNAs in children with obesity and NAFLD. The goal of this study was to evaluate a panel of selected circulating miRNAs in obese children compared to healthy controls. We present here an analysis of a pre-selected panel of 20 candidate miRNAs in obese children compared to healthy controls. The miRNAs were chosen based on having been previously reported to be involved in NAFLD. We found that 16 out of 20 miRNAs tested were elevated at least twofold in children with obesity compared to controls. miR-122 and miR-199a showed the greatest increase in children with obesity versus controls. Both also had a high area under the curve when receiver-operator curves were plotted. Several circulating miRNAs correlated with body mass index (BMI) or serum transaminases. This study provides initial evidence that circulating miRNAs can be measured in the paediatric population and provides several diagnostic candidates increased in children with obesity that may be relevant to NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Thompson
- Division of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Cismowski
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Serpico
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Pusateri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D R Brigstock
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caimmi D, Matti E, Pelizzo G, Marseglia A, Caimmi S, Labò E, Licari A, Pagella F, Castellazzi AM, Pusateri A, Parigi GB, Marseglia GL. Nasal polyposis in children. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S77-S83. [PMID: 22691254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. It is a relatively common disease, occurring in 1-4 % of the general population, but it is rarely described in the pediatric population. Most of the published series include children presenting with other underlying systemic diseases, mainly cystic fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of the patients suffering from nasal polyposis, evaluated at the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Pavia (Italy) over the last 17 years. 56 consecutive pediatric patients referring to our Pediatric Department had a diagnosis of nasal poyposis over the last 17 years. All children underwent allergy evaluation, nasal endoscopy, CT scan of the paranasal sinus, and Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. The mean age of the present cohort was of 11.8 years and most of the patients were male. 50% of the patients presented with unilateral, polyposis, mostly with a diagnosis of antrochoanal polyp. 4 patients presenting with bilateral polyposis suffered from cystic fibrosis. Main symptoms at diagnosis included nasal obstruction, snoring and rhinorrhea 32% of the patients presented at least a positivity to skin prick test, for major inhalant and food allergens. Nasal polyposis in children could represent an alert sign for other underlying systemic diseases. Nasal endoscopy should therefore be prescribed when a diagnosis is suspected. To properly treat a patient presenting with nasal polyposis, it is necessary to integrate medical and surgical skills through a multidisciplinary approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Caimmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 2-27100 Pavia PV, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Amici M, Ciprandi G, Marseglia A, Licari A, Matti E, Caputo M, Benazzo M, Castellazzi AM, Pusateri A, Pagella F, Marseglia GL. Adenoid hypetrophy: definition of some risk factors. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:S1-S7. [PMID: 22691244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenoids removed for airway obstruction and-or recurrent infections have been studied to identify a possible mechanism to explain chronicity. In this regard, macrophages may play a relevant pathogenic role as well as neutrophils during bacterial infections and eosinophils in allergic inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating some mediators as surrogate markers of inflammation in children who had to undergo to adenoidectomy. Globally, 67 children (25 females, 42 males, mean age 4.9 years), affected by persistent obstruction caused by adenoid hypertrophy were consecutively enrolled into the study. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to determine serum CD163, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ECP. There were significant differences between patients and controls for serum CD163 (p less than 0.0001); MPO (p less than 0.0001); serum ECP (p less than 0.0001). This study demonstrated some risk factors for severe AH: apnoea, recurrent respiratory infections, and high serum CD163 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M De Amici
- Pediatric Unit, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pagella F, Pusateri A, Chu F, Cairello F, Benazzo M, Matti E, Marseglia GL. Adenoid assessment in paediatric patients: the role of flexible nasal endoscopy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:49-54. [PMID: 22032787 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasal obstruction in paediatric patients. Over the years, various methods to assess the adenoid size were proposed such as the posterior rhinoscopy and the radiological examination of the nasopharynx. Nasal endoscopy was introduced for children in the 80's, and nowadays this is a known and diffuse method in routine practice. The purpose of this article is to describe the personal experience in the assessment of the adenoid size in children, with a particular regard to the flexible nasal endoscopy, and to analyse the literature reports. The personal technique is described in performing nasal endoscopy in paediatric patients, reporting advantages and possible disadvantages of the procedure. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6036 children since 1999 to 2010. In most cases children fully collaborated to complete the exam. No major or minor complications (such as nose bleedings or other traumatic injuries) were observed. No topical intranasal decongestant, local or general anaesthesia were used in our series. In our opinion, nasal endoscopy in children is a reliable, safe, accurate, easily tolerated and dynamic diagnostic method to assess the adenoid size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pagella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pagella F, Pusateri A, Canzi P, Caputo M, Marseglia A, Pelizzo G, Matti E. The evolution of the adenoidectomy: analysis of different power-assisted techniques. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:55-9. [PMID: 22032788 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques and instruments for adenoidectomy have considerably changed over the years. With the introduction in Otolaryngology of power-assisted instruments for endoscopic sinus surgery, the classic adenoidectomy performed with curette or adenotome has evolved, with an improved patients' outcome and a better satisfaction of the surgeon. The purpose of this article is to describe and critically analyze the literature reports about different methods of power-assisted adenoidectomy. We performed a literature search (Medline) to identify all available reports. We discussed the surgical techniques and reviewed advantages and disadvantages of each method. The techniques can be schematically divided in non-endoscopic, usually performed with a laryngeal mirror, and endoscopic-assisted. The endoscopic control can be obtained either trans-nasally or trans-orally, as well as the microdebrider can be inserted in the nasal cavity or maneuvered through the oral cavity. Some authors reported the usage of the power-assisted instruments in performing the entire adenoidectomy; while, according with other authors, the microdebrider can be used as a step of the surgical procedure, for a combined adenoidectomy. In conclusion, all the methods seem to be safe and effective, and the personal experience of the surgeon should guide the choice of the instruments. However, we personally consider the endoscopic techniques as the most suitable, and among these the Transoral Endonasal-Controlled Combined Adenoidectomy (TECCA) should be considered as the most ergonomic technique to perform a power-assisted adenoidectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pagella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Errico S, Shohreh R, Barone E, Pusateri A, Mores N, Mancuso C. Heme oxygenase-derived carbon monoxide modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release in immortalized hypothalamic neurons. Neurosci Lett 2010; 471:175-8. [PMID: 20097264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO), the main enzyme deputed to heme metabolism, has been identified as two main isoforms called HO-1 and HO-2 both present in the central nervous system. Heme oxygenase has been shown to regulate the hypothalamic release of neuropeptides such as corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginin-vasopressin. The aim of this study was to investigate and further characterize the presence of HO in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreting hypothalamic neurons, GT1-7 and the role of HO by-products on GnRH secretion. The pulsatile release of GnRH from scattered hypothalamic neurons is the key regulator of mammalian fertility in the central nervous system. GT1-7 cells are immortalized hypothalamic neurons, characterized by spontaneous electrical activity and pulsatile GnRH release, resembling the central control pathway of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis (HPG) in mammals. Hemin, the substrate of HO, significantly stimulated HO activity in static cultures, causing a rapid increase in GnRH release. Neither biliverdin nor bilirubin were able to mimic this rapid stimulatory effect, which was instead caused by carbon monoxide. Evidence of a possible involvement of prostaglandin E(2) in the HO by-product modulated GnRH secretion was reported. The hemin-evoked effect on GT1-7 neurons suggests a direct activity of HO by-products on the hypothalamic neuropeptide secretion, and claims for a possible role of CO in both the modulation of gonadotropin secretion and crosstalk among HPG and stress axis within the mammalian hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Errico
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Francesco Vito, 1-00168 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mores N, Errico S, Pusateri A, Barone E, Mancuso C. Heme oxygenase expression and activity in immortalized hypothalamic neurons GT1–7. Neurosci Lett 2008; 444:106-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Pietrini D, Zanghi F, Pusateri A, Tosi F, Pulitanò S, Piastra M. Anesthesiological and intensive care considerations in children undergoing extensive cerebral excision procedure for congenital epileptogenic lesions. Childs Nerv Syst 2006; 22:844-51. [PMID: 16807725 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-006-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a relatively common condition in childhood with a generally favorable prognosis of the affected population. Nevertheless, a significant minority of the treated children do not respond to the medical treatment so that surgical treatment is necessary. While minor surgical procedures have a negligible incidence of mortality, major ones may carry a significant risk of perioperative complications. The leading cause of mortality is represented by hemorrhagic derangements after high intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, mostly in very young patients. Therefore, restoration of euvolemia, detection and correction of related bleeding disorders represent the major concern for pediatric neuroanesthesiologists and intensivists throughout the perioperative period. The present report is focused on the anesthesia and intensive care management of the surgical epileptic patient. CONCLUSION Authors recommend that these high-risk procedures should be performed in highly experienced centers where pediatric neurosurgery is performed daily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pietrini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University Medical School, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pietrini D, Pusateri A, Tosi F, Scorzoni M, Piastra M. Infectious diseases of childhood and their anesthetic implications. Minerva Anestesiol 2005; 71:385-9. [PMID: 15886606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In western world, infectious diseases in childhood have dramatically decreased in recent years. The first reason is related to the better socio-economic conditions but the highly efficiency of immunizations programs cannot be forgotten. Nevertheless children can be still exposed to infections, as vaccines are not able to completely protect all treated patients. Anesthesiologists should be aware of the basic mechanism of immunization as it is well known that anesthesia and surgery themselves reduce human immune response. In fact, nitrous oxide depresses bone marrow function, while halothane, nitrous oxide again and isoflurane reduce neutrophil biocidal activity. On the contrary, all the anesthesia techniques (peripheral anesthesia) which inhibit stress responses have beneficial effect on the immune system function. Not urgent procedures requiring anesthesia should be deferred for three weeks after vaccination when all the related symptoms will be over. Also important is the knowledge of the incubation period that is the time from contact with a person affected by the infectious illness until the onset of the typical disease. During these periods elective anesthesia must not be performed. On the other hand, if anesthesia is delivered, the patient's ability to react can be compromised and it is possible to have florid disease exacerbation including related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pietrini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, UCSC Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pietrini D, Valenti M, Pusateri A, Scorzoni M, Tosi F, Forte E, Barbi S, Caresta E, Caldarelli M, Di Rocco C, Piastra M. Perioperative management of face-to-face craniopagus twins separation. Paediatr Anaesth 2005; 15:519-24. [PMID: 15910356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Craniopagus conjoining represents a complex and challenging issue for neurosurgeons as well as for anesthesiologists. A rare face-to-face case of conjoined twins underwent surgical separation and presented peculiar differences compared with those already reported in the literature. Even in cases lacking large cerebrovascular sinus connections, the impending risk of large blood loss and hemorrhagic shock in the infant requires a high level of surveillance and the institution of invasive monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pietrini
- Pediatric Neuroanesthesiology, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Piastra M, Pietrini D, Caresta E, Chiaretti A, Viola L, Cota F, Pusateri A, Polidori G, Di Rocco C. Hemispherectomy procedures in children: haematological issues. Childs Nerv Syst 2004; 20:453-8. [PMID: 15503368 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-004-0957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS In literature, excessive perioperative haemorrhage and related haemodynamic instability have been described as major risk factors in hemispherectomy. In this report we analyse the impact of neurosurgical operation on both the haematological and coagulative patterns of these children, especially focusing on younger patients. METHODS From 1993 to 2003, 18 consecutive children suffering from intractable epilepsia and treated by hemispherectomy were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Catholic University Medical School, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome. Eight children had an entire hemisphere removed (anatomical hemispherectomy), whereas the remaining 10 underwent disconnective procedures (functional hemispherectomy) or cerebral cortex ablations (e.g. hemicorticectomy). Eleven out of these 18 children underwent hemispherectomy because of hemimegalencephaly (HME): their mean age was 14.5 months (range 3-56 months); non-HME patients underwent surgery for epileptogenic lesions involving the cerebral hemisphere to a great extent or diffusely. Data have been compared with an historical cohort of 13 children operated on before 1992 at the same institution comparable for age, aetiology of epilepsy and the modalities of surgical operation. CONCLUSIONS Blood losses and haemotransfusions showed a profound influence on the haematologic/coagulative status of the children operated upon. A strict correlation was demonstrated between estimated red cell volume (ERCV) loss and haemostatic impairment in this series. Recent surgical techniques appear to reduce blood losses and related haemocoagulative risks even in younger patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Piastra
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University Medical School, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pietrini D, Ciano F, Forte E, Pusateri A, Valenti M, Zanghi F, Chiaretti A, Piastra M, Tamburrini G, Caldarelli M. Massive Blood Loss During Removal of Congenital Choroid Plexus Tumors. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2004; 16:260-3. [PMID: 15211168 DOI: 10.1097/00008506-200407000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Pietrini D, Savioli A, Grossetti R, Barbieri MA, Buscalferri A, Calamandrei M, Chiaretti A, David A, Di Rocco C, Dusio MP, Febi G, Gallini C, Giordano F, Girasole V, Lampugnani E, Laviani Mancinelli R, Levati A, Mazza C, Meneghini L, Paccagnella F, Piastra M, Procaccini E, Pusateri A, Scielzo R, Stofella G, Stoppa F, Tamburrini G, Testoni C, Tumolo M, Velardi F, Zei E, Latronico N. SIAARTI-SARNePI Guidelines for the management of severe pediatric head injury. Minerva Anestesiol 2004; 70:549-604. [PMID: 15252371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Pietrini
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care UCSC, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pietrini D, Pusateri A, Forte E, Concina G, Scorzoni M, Tosi F, Zanghi F. [Anesthesia for neurosurgery in children: techniques and monitoring]. Minerva Anestesiol 2003; 69:472-7. [PMID: 12768187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric neuroanesthesia can be seen as a specific branch of anesthesia half way in between pediatric anesthesia and neuroanesthesia. As a matter of fact, we must keep well in mind the peculiarities of the pediatric patient and the different pharmadynamic and pharmacochinetic properties of the anesthetic drugs, particularly in neonates and infants. Other relevant problems are: 1) high complexity of surgical procedures implying a difficult anesthesiological management; 2) complex blood loss management either if we want to apply a blood sparing technique strategy or if we consider the problems related to diagnosis and treatment of coagulative disorders caused by intraoperative massive blood loss; 3) management of patients with latex allergy for the high incidence, in pediatric neuroanesthesia, of patients belonging to high risk groups; 4) need of repeated radiological examinations implying several anesthesiological procedures. In this article aspects related to the anesthesiological techniques and to the hemodynamic and neurophysiological monitoring of pediatric neurosurgical patients were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pietrini
- Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cornum RL, Morey AF, Harris R, Gresham V, Daniels R, Knight RW, Beall D, Pusateri A, Holcomb J, Macphee M. Does the absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage facilitate partial nephrectomy? J Urol 2000; 164:864-7. [PMID: 10953169 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200009010-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of the absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB), a prototype product comprising lyophilized fibrinogen and thrombin on a VicrylTM mesh backing, to seal the collecting system and control bleeding after partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growing female pigs (n = 18) underwent left nephrectomy and a 40% (by length) right lower pole partial nephrectomy. One of three treatments was immediately applied: Conventional-closure of the collecting system, ligation of visible segmental vessels, application of SurgicelTM with bolstering sutures to the renal capsule; AFAB-application of up to two 4 x 4-inch AFABs held under pressure for 60 seconds; Placebo-application of a hemostatically inert VicrylTM bandage, visually identical to the AFAB. Blood loss and ischemic and total operative times were recorded, and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) was performed on postoperative day 6. Animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks to evaluate the remaining renal mass histologically. RESULTS Compared with conventional therapy, use of the AFAB resulted in significantly less bleeding (13 versus 68 ml., p <0.001) and lower operative (7.2 versus 16.3 minutes, p <0.001) and ischemic times (3.4 versus 7.8 minutes, p <0.001). Estimated blood loss in the placebo bandage group was dramatically higher (357 ml., p <0.001). Postoperative CT and histological sectioning suggested that the AFAB produces a stable, durable clot and that healing is at least as successful as with conventional treatment. CONCLUSION Use of the AFAB facilitated performance of partial nephrectomy by reducing blood loss and ischemic and total operative times. The AFAB appears equivalent to conventional surgery in its ability to seal the collecting system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Cornum
- Urology Service and Departments of Pathology and Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center and Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Velardi F, Di Chirico A, Di Rocco C, Fundarò C, Genovese O, Rendeli C, Menichella G, Serafini R, Piastra M, Viola L, Pietrini D, Pusateri A, Stoppa F. "No allogeneic blood transfusion" protocol for the surgical correction of craniosynostoses. II. Clinical application. Childs Nerv Syst 1998; 14:732-9; discussion 740-1. [PMID: 9881627 DOI: 10.1007/s003810050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the results obtained in 13 consecutive cases of craniosynostosis operated on according to a protocol devised at avoiding allogeneic blood transfusion. The protocol is based on pre- and postoperative treatment with erythropoietin, preoperative autologous blood donation, preoperative normovolemic hemodilution and intraoperative blood salvage. Nine subjects were affected by simple forms of craniosynostosis, whereas the remaining 4 presented with oxycephaly or craniofacial syndromes. Five of the 13 children were under 7 months and a further 3, under 10 months of age at the time of the surgical operation. Seven children weighed less than 10 kg. Allogeneic blood transfusion was avoided in 11 of the 13 children considered. Two failures - defined as the necessity to reinfuse the patient with an allogeneic blood transfusion - were recorded, 1 of them resulting from an unexpected hemorrhage during surgery. The results obtained indicate that this protocol designed to avoid allogeneic blood transfusion can be safely applied in the great majority of children with craniosynostosis, even when the surgical correction is carried out early in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Velardi
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Velardi F, Di Chirico A, Di Rocco C, Fundarò C, Serafini R, Piastra M, Viola L, Pietrini D, Pusateri A, Stoppa F. "No allogeneic blood transfusion" protocol for the surgical correction of craniosynostoses. I. Rationale. Childs Nerv Syst 1998; 14:722-31; discussion 740-1. [PMID: 9881626 DOI: 10.1007/s003810050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Improved anesthesiological and surgical care has resulted in a progressively declining need for allogeneic blood transfusion. In infants with craniosynostosis, however, allogeneic blood transfusion is still performed as a routine procedure. In the present paper, the authors describe a protocol they have devised with the aim of limiting or even avoiding allogeneic blood transfusion even in very young patients, consequently avoiding the risks of infective or immunologic reactions associated with the procedure. The protocol is based on stimulation of the hematopoietic system with erythropoietin, selection of an appropriate age for operation when a favorable balance between fetal and adult-type hemoglobin is established (that is after 4-6 months), preoperative preparation of the autologous blood supply, and intraoperative blood salvage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Velardi
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Fibrin sealant, which consists mainly of fibrinogen and thrombin, provides rapid haemostasis as well as tissue sealing and adhesion. Commercial, viral-inactivated products are available in Europe, Canada, and Japan. Liquid fibrin sealant (LFS) has been used clinically in haemophiliacs to perform dental procedures, orthopedic surgeries, non-orthopaedic surgeries, and circumcisions. LFS use is expected to increase as commercial products will soon be available in the US. Recombinant sources and transgenic animal bioreactor systems will replace plasma-derived products and become the predominant sources for this product in the next decade. Other areas of innovation include the development of fibrin sealant bandages or dressings, expandable foams, and spray powders which will provide the haemophiliac the ability to rapidly attain control of traumatic haemorrhages prior to hospital treatment with a significant reduction in the use of i.v. clotting factors. Fibrin sealant products have the potential to provide life-saving control of haemorrhage, reduction in factor dependency, lower viral exposure risk, and medical care cost reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Tock
- Jerome A. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Holcomb J, MacPhee M, Hetz S, Harris R, Pusateri A, Hess J. Efficacy of a dry fibrin sealant dressing for hemorrhage control after ballistic injury. Arch Surg 1998; 133:32-5. [PMID: 9438755 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.133.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if a dry fibrin sealant dressing (DFSD) will provide superior hemostasis when compared with regular gauze in a ballistic injury animal model. DESIGN A nonsurvival randomized goat study. SETTING A federal biomedical research institute. SUBJECTS Eighteen anesthetized Angora goats. INTERVENTIONS Uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced by a complex ballistic extremity injury. Control of hemorrhage was achieved by applying and holding pressure with the DFSD or regular gauze for 2 minutes. The dressings were left in place for 1 hour. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total blood loss, mean arterial pressure, ballistic injury, and mortality were recorded after 1 hour. RESULTS The injuries were equivalent for the 2 groups. No animal mortality was seen. After 1 hour, the mean (+/-SEM) blood loss was 124+/-64 mL in the DFSD-treated group and 377+/-64 mL in the gauze dressings-treated group (P=.01). Twenty minutes after injury, the mean arterial pressure was 95.0 mm Hg (+/-SEM, +/-4.7 mm Hg) in the DFSD-treated group and 70.0+/-5.0 mm Hg in the gauze dressings-treated group. The difference persisted for the remainder of the study (P=.01). CONCLUSION The DFSD was superior to gauze in decreasing blood loss and maintaining blood pressure while retaining the simplicity of standard dressing application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Holcomb
- Department of Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Tex, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pietrini D, Perotti V, Stoppa F, Valenti M, Pusateri A, Savioli A, Lucentini V, Zanghi F. A.296 Paracetamol vs ketorolac in minor paediatric neurosurgical procedures. Br J Anaesth 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-0912(18)31151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
26
|
Perotti V, Chierichini A, Pusateri A, Stoppa F, Sammartino M, Zanghi F. [Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in neurosurgery]. Minerva Anestesiol 1993; 59:703-5. [PMID: 8177411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Perotti
- Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Perotti V, Valenti M, Chierichini A, Pietrini D, Pusateri A, Zanghi F. [Trans-sphenoid surgery of hypophyseal adenoma. Postoperative water-electrolyte complications]. Minerva Anestesiol 1992; 58:133-4. [PMID: 1620433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Perotti
- Istituto di Anesthesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bradariolo S, Perilli V, Morelli G, Pusateri A, Modesti C, Sollazzi L. [Changes in the alveolo-arterial difference of 02 in very obese patients undergoing surgery]. Minerva Anestesiol 1991; 57:714-5. [PMID: 1798549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Bradariolo
- Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|