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Smallheer B, Richard-Eaglin A. Implementation of Cultural Awareness and Cognitive Bias Training Within Graduate Nursing Programs. J Nurs Educ 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38598790 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20240318-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive bias negatively affects patient outcomes, resulting in medical errors, sentinel events, and legal claims. The brunt of bias-induced inequities and disparities has fallen on Black and Brown people, women, and the LGBTQ+ communities. Faculty training programs have rapidly increased in number, whereas student training has lagged. METHOD A three-part curricular series was developed for students seeking nurse practitioner (NP) training. The series addressed racial bias, microaggression, and gender bias using vignettes and guided pre- and debriefing. RESULTS The series was initially implemented to 70 students from four different specialty areas of study. Students resoundingly reported the content as valuable and challenging and the environment as a safe space to learn, be vulnerable, and be empathetic to the experiences of others. CONCLUSION This three-part series has been implemented across eight NP majors and has become a required component of the NP on-campus intensive experience. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(X):XXX-XXX.].
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Richard-Eaglin A, Webb M. Strategies for Developing a Nurturing Environment for the next Generation of Nurses. Nurs Clin North Am 2024; 59:1-9. [PMID: 38272575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
With the introduction of more complex health conditions and the changing landscape of the healthcare infrastructure, burnout is increasingly becoming a crisis for the nursing profession and for the public. Recruitment in nursing must consider the concept of a nurturing environment as a key driver of sustainability within the profession. Human beings cannot flourish in hostile and unwelcoming environments. Failure to thrive in nursing is a real phenomenon that is driven by multiple factors, including incivility, workplace bullying, and lack of support. Mitigation requires intentional, strategic interventions toward building nurturing environments in education and practice for the next generation of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Webb
- Duke University School of Nursing, 3113 Pearson Siegler Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Sumpter D, Richard-Eaglin A, Ndiwane A. Structural Racism Hurts All Nurses. Am J Nurs 2023; 123:21-22. [PMID: 36951338 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000925480.45773.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Why health care must be reenvisioned through a DEI lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Sumpter
- Danica Sumpter is a clinical associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin, Angela Richard-Eaglin is associate dean for equity at the Yale University School of Nursing in Orange, CT, and Abraham Ndiwane is an associate professor at the MGH Institute of Health Professions School of Nursing in Boston. Contact author: Danica Sumpter, . The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Muirhead L, Richard-Eaglin A, Webb M. Diversity in Nursing Is Not Enough. Am J Nurs 2022; 122:13. [DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000874044.24099.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Richard-Eaglin A. Vulnerable Populations: Erasing the Margins to Advance Health Equity. Nurs Clin North Am 2022; 57:xv-xvi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blodgett NP, Howard VM, Phillips BC, Andolsek K, Richard-Eaglin A, Molloy MA. Developing Virtual Simulations to Confront Racism and Bias in Health Professions Education. Clin Simul Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecns.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACT This article discusses the interconnection between the syndemic effect of racial inequities and disparities as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black Americans. It also highlights meaningful reforms and priorities to achieve health equity in Black communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Richard-Eaglin
- Angela Richard-Eaglin is the associate dean for Equity and an associate professor at Yale University in Orange, Conn. Lisa Muirhead is an associate professor and the assistant dean for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing. Michelle Webb is an assistant professor at Duke University School of Nursing. Schenita D. Randolph is an associate professor at Duke University School of Nursing and a co-director of the Duke Center for REsearch to AdvanCe Healthcare Equity (REACH Equity) Community Engagement Core
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Walker JKL, Richard-Eaglin A, Hegde A, Muckler VC. A deep learning approach to student registered nurse anesthetist (SRNA) education. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2021; 18:ijnes-2020-0068. [PMID: 34166591 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2020-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This manuscript describes the application of deep learning to physiology education of Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists (SRNA) and the benefits thereof. A strong foundation in physiology and the ability to apply this knowledge to challenging clinical situations is crucial to the successful SRNA. Deep learning, a well-studied pedagogical technique, facilitates development and long-term retention of a mental knowledge framework that can be applied to complex problems. Deep learning requires the educator to facilitate the development of critical thinking and students to actively learn and take responsibility for gaining knowledge and skills. METHODS We applied the deep learning approach, including flipped classroom and problem-based learning, and surveyed SRNA students (n=127) about their learning experience. RESULTS Survey responses showed that the majority of students favored the deep learning approach and thought it advanced their critical thinking skills. CONCLUSIONS SRNAs reported that their physiology knowledge base and critical thinking benefited from the use of the deep learning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K L Walker
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Akhil Hegde
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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McMillian-Bohler J, Richard-Eaglin A. Uprooting Racism: The Role of Nurses in Cultivating Improved Maternal Outcomes for Black and African American Women. Creat Nurs 2021; 27:61-65. [DOI: 10.1891/crnr-d-20-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
After controlling for education, socioeconomic status, and genetic factors, Black and African American patients in the United States are three to four times more likely to die in childbirth than are White patients. The literature is replete with strategies to improve maternal outcomes for Black and African American patients. Existing strategies focus on addressing poverty and individual risk factors to reduce maternal mortality, yet maternal outcomes are not improving for these patients in the United States. Recent literature suggests that a nuanced approach that considers the effects of individual and structural racism could improve maternal outcomes, especially for Black and African American patients. As nurses comprise the largest component of the health-care system, their collective power and influence can provide a powerful tool for dismantling structural racism. Some important concepts to consider regarding the care of the Black and African American population are cultural intelligence (CQ), allostatic load, and humanitarian ethos. By developing CQ and consistently including the four CQ capabilities (drive/motivation, knowledge/cognition, strategy/metacognition, and behavior/action) in all aspects of practice, nurses can help to uproot racism and cultivate experience to improve maternal health outcomes for Black and African American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Richard-Eaglin
- Angela Richard-Eaglin is an assistant professor, the codirector of the VANAP-GE Primary Care NP Residency Program, and the lead faculty of the MSN Program Veteran's Health Concentration at the Duke University School of Nursing in Durham, N.C
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Abstract
The older adult population is the most rapidly growing population in the United States. It is projected that by 2035, the population of adults older than 65 years is expected to be greater than the population of children. The projected number of Veterans age 60 and older is about 11 million. Along with common age-related complex and high-risk chronic medical conditions, care of older adult Veteran requires a holistic approach that focuses on the culture, and subcultures, and unique health care needs resultant of military service. Veterans' health care is often multifocal and complex, requiring an integrated, collaborative, and comprehensive model of care that better facilitates meeting health goals to the degree most realistic and attainable for each older adult Veteran. This highlights the need to promote awareness and provide educational opportunities for engaging in best practices that meet the unique needs of the aging Veteran population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Richard-Eaglin
- Assistant Clinical Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, DUMC 3322, 307 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Janet G Campbell
- VA Medical Center Durham/ Duke University School of Nursing, VA Nursing Academic Partnership in Graduate Education Program Director, DUSON Consulting Associate Faculty, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Queen Utley-Smith
- Associate Clinical Professor Emerita, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham NC 27710, United States.
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Campbell JG, Richard-Eaglin A. Implementing an Integrated Team-Based Model of Care. N C Med J 2018; 79:228-229. [PMID: 29991613 DOI: 10.18043/ncm.79.4.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Team-based methods of delivering primary care were launched nationally within the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) through the Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) initiative in 2010. The most essential component of PACT is the establishment of partnerships between veterans and their health care teams. The purpose of PACT is to improve and transform the way in which veterans receive health care. This partnership is aimed at promoting efficiency and improving the quality of care and clinical outcomes by providing holistic care that embodies the whole person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet G Campbell
- program director, VANAP-GE, VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; consulting associate faculty, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Angela Richard-Eaglin
- assistant professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina; co-director, VANAP-GE, VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Richard-Eaglin A. Predicting student success in nurse practitioner programs. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017; 29:600-605. [PMID: 28805350 DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Criteria for admission to nurse practitioner (NP) and other professional programs provide a snapshot of students' potential for success in those programs. Critical examination of admission criteria is a vital component of ensuring timely matriculation and completion of NP programs. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between admission criteria and student progression and completion of NP programs. METHODS A retrospective review of 150 randomly selected student records from a total of 232 available records was conducted. A predictive correlational design was used to examine factors that influence success in NP programs. CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant relationships existed among type of admission status, change in program concentration, age, Graduate Record Examination (GRE) verbal score, GRE quantitative score, total GRE scores, and program progression and completion. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Data collection from this and related research is paramount in developing information infrastructures that support consistent evaluation and revision of admission criteria and program curricula. Leaders in academia can use these data to achieve instructional excellence, improve education systems, and ensure timely matriculation through NP programs. This facilitates workforce planning and supports efforts to meet the expanding need for primary care providers.
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Brown SC, Geiselman PJ, Copeland AL, Gordon C, Richard-Eaglin A. Reliability and validity of the Personal Wellness Profile (PWP) Questionnaire in African American college women. J Cult Divers 2008; 15:163-167. [PMID: 19202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Personal Wellness Profile (PWP) is a 75-item questionnaire used to assess an individual's level of wellness in clinical and non-clinical settings. Currently, there are no published scientific data regarding the validity and reliability of the PWP. Therefore, this study was designed to assess convergence validity of the PWP using established instruments in which validity has been previously supported and to determine the reliability of the PWP using the test-retest method. METHODS A correlational design was used with a non-probability convenience sample of 100 African American women, ages 18 to 40 years, enrolled in a university in southern Louisiana. Convergence validity of the PWP was assessed by using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), Geiselman Food Preference Questionnaire II (GFPQ II), Weekly Stress Inventory (WSI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (PAR) as criteria. RESULTS The PWP had statistically significant correlations with two of the six subscales of the GFPQ II, and with the WSI, MAST, and FNTD. Findings also suggest that the PWP has moderate to moderately high internal consistency as a whole (r = .77), and that the subscale scores were also reliable over time (r = .52 to .90). CONCLUSIONS The PWP will be valuable as a valid, standardized, highly portable tool that can be taken into the community and administered to African-Americans and other populations who do not readily have access to treatment, research and health care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Brown
- Graduate Nursing Programs, Southern University School of Nursing, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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