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Vince JE, De Nardo D, Gao W, Vince AJ, Hall C, McArthur K, Simpson D, Vijayaraj S, Lindqvist LM, Bouillet P, Rizzacasa MA, Man SM, Silke J, Masters SL, Lessene G, Huang DCS, Gray DHD, Kile BT, Shao F, Lawlor KE. The Mitochondrial Apoptotic Effectors BAX/BAK Activate Caspase-3 and -7 to Trigger NLRP3 Inflammasome and Caspase-8 Driven IL-1β Activation. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2339-2353.e4. [PMID: 30485804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptosis resulting from BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial membrane damage is regarded as immunologically silent. We show here that in macrophages, BAX/BAK activation results in inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein degradation to promote caspase-8-mediated activation of IL-1β. Furthermore, BAX/BAK signaling induces a parallel pathway to NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1-dependent IL-1β maturation that requires potassium efflux. Remarkably, following BAX/BAK activation, the apoptotic executioner caspases, caspase-3 and -7, act upstream of both caspase-8 and NLRP3-induced IL-1β maturation and secretion. Conversely, the pyroptotic cell death effectors gasdermin D and gasdermin E are not essential for BAX/BAK-induced IL-1β release. These findings highlight that innate immune cells undergoing BAX/BAK-mediated apoptosis have the capacity to generate pro-inflammatory signals and provide an explanation as to why IL-1β activation is often associated with cellular stress, such as during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wenqing Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Angelina J Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate McArthur
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Simpson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Swarna Vijayaraj
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa M Lindqvist
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Rizzacasa
- School of Chemistry, The Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David C S Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel H D Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Lawlor KE, Feltham R, Yabal M, Conos SA, Chen KW, Ziehe S, Graß C, Zhan Y, Nguyen TA, Hall C, Vince AJ, Chatfield SM, D'Silva DB, Pang KC, Schroder K, Silke J, Vaux DL, Jost PJ, Vince JE. XIAP Loss Triggers RIPK3- and Caspase-8-Driven IL-1β Activation and Cell Death as a Consequence of TLR-MyD88-Induced cIAP1-TRAF2 Degradation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:668-682. [PMID: 28723569 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency predisposes people to pathogen-associated hyperinflammation. Upon XIAP loss, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation triggers RIPK3-caspase-8-mediated IL-1β activation and death in myeloid cells. How XIAP suppresses these events remains unclear. Here, we show that TLR-MyD88 causes the proteasomal degradation of the related IAP, cIAP1, and its adaptor, TRAF2, by inducing TNF and TNF Receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling. Genetically, we define that myeloid-specific cIAP1 loss promotes TLR-induced RIPK3-caspase-8 and IL-1β activity in the absence of XIAP. Importantly, deletion of TNFR2 in XIAP-deficient cells limited TLR-MyD88-induced cIAP1-TRAF2 degradation, cell death, and IL-1β activation. In contrast to TLR-MyD88, TLR-TRIF-induced interferon (IFN)β inhibited cIAP1 loss and consequent cell death. These data reveal how, upon XIAP deficiency, a TLR-TNF-TNFR2 axis drives cIAP1-TRAF2 degradation to allow TLR or TNFR1 activation of RIPK3-caspase-8 and IL-1β. This mechanism may explain why XIAP-deficient patients can exhibit symptoms reminiscent of patients with activating inflammasome mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Lawlor
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Feltham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Monica Yabal
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Conos
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kaiwen W Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie Ziehe
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Graß
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tan A Nguyen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angelina J Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon M Chatfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Damian B D'Silva
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kenneth C Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III. Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Vince AJ, McNeil NI, Wager JD, Wrong OM. The effect of lactulose, pectin, arabinogalactan and cellulose on the production of organic acids and metabolism of ammonia by intestinal bacteria in a faecal incubation system. Br J Nutr 1990; 63:17-26. [PMID: 2317475 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro faecal incubation system was used to study the metabolism of complex carbohydrates by intestinal bacteria. Homogenates of human faeces were incubated anaerobically with added lactulose, pectin, the hemicellulose arabinogalactan, and cellulose, both before and after subjects had been pre-fed each carbohydrate. Fermentation of added substrate was assessed by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and suppression of net ammonia generation over 48 h of incubation. Control faecal homogenates to which carbohydrate was not added yielded an average increment of SCFA of 43 mmol/l, equivalent to 172 mmol/kg in the original stool. The addition of lactulose, pectin and arabinogalactan each increased the yield of SCFA by a similar amount, averaging 6.5 mmol/g carbohydrate or 1.05 mol/mol hexose equivalent; organic acid yield was not increased by pre-feeding these substances for up to 2 weeks. Acetate was the major SCFA in all samples at all times and, after pre-feeding with extra carbohydrate, butyrate concentrations exceeded propionate in all samples. Faecal homogenates incubated with cellulose showed no greater SCFA production than controls over the first 48 h, but there was a slight increase when samples from two subjects pre-fed cellulose were incubated for 14 d. Net ammonia generation was markedly suppressed by addition of lactulose to faecal incubates with an initial period of net bacterial uptake of ammonia. Pectin and arabinogalactan also decreased ammonia generation, but the reductions were not significant unless subjects were pre-fed these materials; cellulose had no effect on ammonia generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Vince
- Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London
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Rampton DS, Cohen SL, Crammond VD, Gibbons J, Lilburn MF, Rabet JY, Vince AJ, Wager JD, Wrong OM. Treatment of chronic renal failure with dietary fiber. Clin Nephrol 1984; 21:159-63. [PMID: 6323075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have tested the hypothesis that dietary fiber, by inhibiting colonic bacterial ammonia generation and increasing fecal nitrogen excretion, might decrease hepatic urea synthesis and thereby reduce plasma urea in patients with chronic renal failure. Six and 8 week courses of two different hemicelluloses, arabinogalactan and ispaghula, reduced mean plasma urea in uremic subjects by 11% and 19% respectively. Ispaghula also reduced the rate of rise of plasma creatinine to zero and, in one formal balance study, increased fecal nitrogen excretion by 39%. Experiments in vitro showed that ispaghula depressed anaerobic fecal bacterial net ammonia generation by 30%, and adsorbed neither urea nor ammonia. The reduction in plasma urea caused by dietary fiber is likely to be due to inhibition of colonic bacterial production of ammonia; such therapy could conceivably alleviate some of the symptoms of uremia and postpone dialysis in patients with endstage renal disease.
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Abstract
Ammonia production by eight groups of intestinal bacteria was measured, and the effect on ammonia production of lowered pH and ambient ammonia concentration was determined. Endogenous ammonia production from bacterial protoplasm was also examined. To examine the mechanisms by which fermentable substrates reduce ammonia formation in a faecal incubation system, the effect of lactose, lactulose or glucose on ammonia release by pure cultures of intestinal bacteria was studied. The largest amounts of ammonia were generated by gram-negative anaerobes, clostridia, enterobacteria, and Bacillus spp. Gram-positive non-sporing anaerobes, streptococci and micrococci formed modest amounts, and lactobacilli and yeasts formed very little ammonia. All groups of bacteria formed less ammonia at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0 and production of ammonia was not inhibited when 30 mmol ammonia/litre was included in the medium. Small amounts of ammonia were formed due to endogenous metabolism of bacterial cells. Washed cell suspensions of four isolates of Bacteroides, one clostridial isolate and two streptococcal isolates formed less ammonia from alanine, methionine or histidine after growth in the presence of either lactose or lactulose. In contrast, the Bacteroides isolates formed more ammonia from aspartate than from either lactose or lactulose. Also, cultures of gram-negative anaerobes and enterobacteria, and to a lesser extent clostridia and streptococci, formed significantly less ammonia in nutrient broth when lactose, lactulose or glucose was included in the medium. This decrease in ammonia formation was not due to a fall in pH of the medium. Ammonia production by gram-positive non-sporing anaerobes was not affected by carbohydrate fermentation. These results suggest that gram-negative anaerobic bacteria make a major contribution to ammonia generated from peptides and amino acids in vivo, and that ammonia may be formed from bacterial cells in the colon. Fermentation of lactose and lactulose may repress the formation and inhibit the activity of enzymes responsible for ammonia release. In the human colon these substrate effects may decrease the amount of ammonia available to exert a toxic effect on the host, and thus contribute to the beneficial effects of lactulose when it is used in the treatment of portosystemic encephalopathy.
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