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Sarker MR, Ali MA, Roy AK, Yesmin A, Dhar SK, Ahmed E, Ahmed F, Amin SE. Relationship between Clinical Profile, Severity and Outcome of Community Acquired Pneumonia with Hyponatremia in Children Aged 2-60 Months. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:613-619. [PMID: 37391948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance seen in clinical practice and a common laboratory findings in children with community acquired pneumonia. This study aimed to find out relationship between clinical profile, severity and outcome of community acquired pneumonia with hyponatremia in children aged 2-60 months. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in pediatrics department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Study period was 6 month from November 2016 to April 2017. Data were collected from 2 months to 60 months old children who fulfill the selection criteria. In this study sampling technique was purposive. Detailed history was taken, and meticulous examinations and relevant investigations were performed. 100 patients with community acquired pneumonia were enrolled, 34.0% patient had hyponatremia and 66.0% patients had no hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is more marked (45.5%) in severe pneumonia followed by moderate pneumonia (33.3%) and no hyponatremia found in mild pneumonia. Mean temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, head nodding, nasal flaring, grunting, stridor, cyanosis, convulsion, feeding problem, Poor air entry were significantly higher in patient of pneumonia with hyponatremia when compared to patient of pneumonia without hyponatremia. Mean duration of symptoms and mean duration of hospital stay were also significantly higher in patient of pneumonia with hyponatremia. The mean serum sodium concentration was 132.18±1.51mmol/L in hyponatremic patients and 137.91±1.94mmol/L in normonatremic patients. Mean values of total leucocyte count, ESR, and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patient of pneumonia with hyponatremia. Serum hemoglobin was significantly lower in hyponatremic patients than normonatremic patients. Maximum (55.9%) patients of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) with hyponatremia had patchy opacity, 26.5% had consolidation, 11.8% had interstitial opacity and 5.9% had pneumatocele. All the patients were treated with appropriate antibiotics and fluid and discharged after complete recovery without any complication. There was no death in the study population. From this study we can conclude that, hyponatremia is directly related with the severity of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The intensity of clinical profile and investigation findings are also directly related with the severity of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sarker
- Dr Mitu Rani Sarker, Registrar (Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition), Department of Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Upadhyay VR, Roy AK, Pandita S, Raval K, Patoliya P, Ramesh V, Dewry RK, Yadav HP, Mohanty TK, Bhakat M. Optimized addition of nitric oxide compounds in semen extender improves post-thaw seminal attributes of Murrah buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:47. [PMID: 36702975 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Semen dilution and cryopreservation alter the homogeneity of seminal plasma, resulting in a non-physiological redox milieu and consequently poor sperm functionality. Considering the concentration-specific bimodal action of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of sperm functions, cryopreservation media supplemented with optimized concentrations can improve the semen attributes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding an optimized concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in an extender on in vitro semen quality. An aliquot of semen samples (n = 32) from Murrah buffalo bulls (n = 8) was divided into control (C) and treatment (T-I: SNP in extender at 1 µmol/L; T-II: L-NAME in extender at 10 µmol/L). Fresh semen quality parameters showed no significant difference at 0 h except for the structural integrity in the T-II group. Post-thaw semen quality parameters and sperm kinematics using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) cryoresistance in the treatment groups. Viability, acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both treatment groups; however, the results were pervasive in T-II. Lower abnormal spermatozoa were observed in both T-I and T-II. SNP supplementation led to a significant rise (p < 0.05) in NO, whereas L-NAME reduced the NO concentration in post-thawed samples, which was directly correlated with different sperm functionality and associated biomarkers viz. total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). It was concluded that the cryopreservation media supplemented with SNP and L-NAME at 1 µmol/L and 10 µmol/L, respectively, lower the cryo-damage and improve post-thaw seminal attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Ranjan Upadhyay
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - A K Roy
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sujata Pandita
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Kathan Raval
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Patoliya
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vikram Ramesh
- Animal Reproduction and Gynaecology, ICAR-National Research Center on Mithun, Medziphema, India
| | - Raju Kr Dewry
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Hanuman P Yadav
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - T K Mohanty
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Bhakat
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Ghosh A, Singh AK, Das B, Modak K, Kumar RV, Kumar S, Gautam K, Biswas DR, Roy AK. Resiliencies of soil phosphorus fractions after natural summer fire are governed by microbial activity and cation availability in a semi-arid Inceptisol. Environ Res 2023; 216:114583. [PMID: 36265602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The unintended impact of natural summer fire on soil is complicated and rather less studied than its above-ground impact. Recognising the impact of a fire on silvopastoral soils and their resilience can aid in improving the management of silvopastoral systems. We studied the immediate (after 1 week (W)) and short-term (after 3 months (M)) recovery of different soil biological and chemical properties after the natural fire, with specific emphasis on phosphorus (P) dynamics. Soil samples were collected from four different layers (0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 cm) of Morus alba, Leucaena leucocephala, and Ficus infectoria based silvopastoral systems. In the 0-15 cm soil layer, soil organic carbon (SOC) declined by ∼37, 42, and 30% after the fire in Morus-, Leucaena-, and Ficus-based systems, respectively within 1W of fire. However, after 3M of fire, Morus and Leucaena regained ∼6 and 11.5% SOC as compared to their status after 1W in the 0-15 cm soil layer. After 1W of the fire, soil nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and potassium availability declined significantly at 0-15 cm soil layer in all systems. Iron and manganese availability improved significantly after 1W of the fire. Saloid bound P and aluminium bound P declined significantly immediately after the fire, increasing availability in all systems. However, calcium bound P did not change significantly after the fire. Dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity declined significantly after the fire, however, phenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were unaltered. Resiliencies of these soil properties were significantly impacted by soil depth and time. Path analysis indicated microbial activity and cationic micronutrients majorly governed the resilience of soil P fractions and P availability. Pasture yield was not significantly improved after the fire, so natural summer fire must be prevented to avoid loss of SOC, N, and S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ghosh
- ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, 284003, India; ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A K Roy
- ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, 284003, India
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Kulkarni NA, Roy AK, Pandita S, Shashank CG, Chethan HS. Time dependent impact of reactive oxidants on seminal attributes, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation and capacitation-like changes of Karan-Fries bulls during cryopreservation. Cryo Letters 2022; 43:227-236. [PMID: 36626126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation of semen is a valuable technique; however, it is also known to be detrimental to the structure of spermatozoa and fertility due to cryo-injury and subsequent generation of reactive oxidants. OBJECTIVE To determine the time-dependent impact of reactive oxidants on seminal attributes, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation status (LPO) and early capacitation like changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen samples were collected by artificial vagina technique from six Karan-Fries (KF) bulls and subsequently examined at 0 h (before cryopreservation) and at 24 hours, 15 days and 2-months of storage for various seminal attributes, MMP, and early capacitation-like changes. Simultaneously, LPO (TBARS) was determined in fresh and post-thaw seminal plasma. RESULTS A sharp decrease (P < 0.01) in semen quality was observed only after 24 h of cryopreservation except for viability and acrosomal integrity. Sperm viability and acrosome integrity reduced significantly up to 2 months of cryopreservation. The lipid peroxidation status was found to be lower in fresh seminal plasma (2.6 ±0.2 vs. 3.5 ± 0.3 units/mL) as compared to post-thaw. Furthermore, the active MMP of fresh semen showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease after 24 hours (77.9 ± 0.4 vs. 54.5 ±0.3%) of cryopreservation, while there was a non-significant decrease in active MMP after 15 d and 2-months (53.7 ± 0.1 and 52.8 ± 0.2%). Moreover, significant (P. < 0.01) early capacitation-like changes were found in post-thaw spermatozoa (25.7 ± 0.1 vs. 9.1 ± 0.2%) as compared to fresh ejaculate. CONCLUSION Spermatozoa incur the majority of damages during the early phase of cryopreservation, however the damage associated by different stressors cannot be neglected. doi.org/10.54680/fr22410110212.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kulkarni
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - A K Roy
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - S Pandita
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - C G Shashank
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - H S Chethan
- Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, India
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Roy AK, Chakraborti M, Radhakrishna A, Dwivedi KK, Srivastava MK, Saxena S, Paul S, Khare A, Malaviya DR, Kaushal P. Alien genome mobilization and fixation utilizing an apomixis mediated genome addition (AMGA) strategy in Pennisetum to improve domestication traits of P. squamulatum. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:2555-2575. [PMID: 35726065 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An approach to release 'frozen' variability in apomictic species using sexuality of another species, eventually its utilization in crop improvement and de-novo domestication of crop wild relatives is presented. Pennisetum squamulatum, a secondary gene pool species of pearl millet (P. glaucum), harbours many desirable traits. However, it was neither utilized to improve pearl millet fodder traits nor improvement of its own domestication traits was attempted, due to the complexities of genomes and apomictic reproduction. To overcome this, we followed an Apomixis Mediated Genome Addition (AMGA) strategy and utilized the contrasting reproductive capacities (sexuality and apomixis) of both the species to access the otherwise un-available variability embedded in P. squamulatum. Segregating population of interspecific hybrids exhibited significant variability and heterosis for desired morphological, agronomical, and nutritional traits. Elite apomictic and perennial hybrids were evaluated in breeding trials, and eventually a novel grass cultivar was released for commercial cultivation in India. The performance of newly developed cultivar was superior to other adapted perennial grasses of arid and semi-arid rangelands. Through AMGA, the sexuality of one species was successfully utilized to 'release' the 'frozen' variability embedded in another species. Subsequently, the hybrids representing desirable trait combinations were again 'fixed' utilizing the apomixis alleles from the male parent in a back-and-forth apomixis-sexual-apomixis selection cycle. This study also demonstrated the potential of AMGA to improve crop relatives through genomes introgression as well as de novo domestication of new crops from wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - M Chakraborti
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - A Radhakrishna
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - K K Dwivedi
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - M K Srivastava
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, 452001, India
| | - S Saxena
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - S Paul
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - Aarti Khare
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - D R Malaviya
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - P Kaushal
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, 493225, India.
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Roy AK, Lekka E, Lee KH, Choi P, Day AL, Roc Chen P. Meta-analysis on the treatment options and outcomes of carotid blood blister aneurysms. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 92:147-152. [PMID: 34509242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carotid blister aneurysms remain a formidable surgical challenge with varied surgical options. There have been significant advancements in the endovascular management of these aneurysms with the introduction of flow diverters. The comparative risk profiles for different endovascular options compared to surgical management of these lesions is not completely understood. METHODS The study is a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the treatment of carotid blood blister aneurysms. Pubmed searches were used to identify relevant articles and patient level data was extracted. Two and three group analyses were conducted comparing surgical and endovascular strategies and surgical, stent coil and flow diversion techniques respectively. Patient outcomes were graded on the modified Rankin Scale with a score of 2 or less defined as favorable. RESULTS In total, 83 studies (41 and 42 studies on surgical and endovascular interventions, respectively) with 1119 patients met our inclusion criteria. A statistically significant difference (at the 5% level of significance) in the effect among three different interventions was not found (Q = 3.41, p = 0.1815) under the random-effect model. Our results did show summary proportions of favorable outcomes were higher in the stent coil (0.87, 95% CI: 0.79 - 0.94) and flow diversion (0.87, 95% CI: 0.75 - 0.96) than that of surgery (0.76, 95% CI: 0.71 - 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a trend towards improved patient outcomes with endovascular techniques compared to surgical strategies but statistical significance was not achieved. We also found that endovascular techniques compare favorably. Increasing retreatments were found to negatively affect patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Roy
- Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Neurological Institute, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Elvira Lekka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung H Lee
- Center for Clinical Research & Evidence Based Medicine, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Phillip Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arthur L Day
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peng Roc Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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Roy AK, Turan N, Wangmo P, Nkrumah L, Neill SG, Pradilla G. Comparatıve assessment of thermal ınjury ınduced by bıpolar electrocautery systems ın a porcıne model. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:146. [PMID: 33948316 PMCID: PMC8088527 DOI: 10.25259/sni_770_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar electrocautery systems used during neurosurgical procedures have been shown to induce thermal injury to surrounding tissue. The goal of this study was to compare the thermal injury induced by two different systems commonly used in neurosurgical procedures (Silverglide by Stryker Corporation and SpetzlerMalis by Codman Neuro), with that of a newly introduced device (TRIOwand by NICO Corporation). Methods A farm swine underwent craniectomy and durotomy with subsequent exposure of cortical brain tissue. Electrocoagulation for the duration of 3 s was conducted with three different bipolar systems under comparable power settings. The maximal depth of thermal injury and mean area of injury in Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were quantified using Image J. The tissues were evaluated for vacuolization and ischemic damage. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was utilized for statistical analysis. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results TRIOwand lesions showed less depth of injury when compared to both Spetzler-Malis (P < 0.001) and Silverglide lesions (P = 0.048). Silverglide lesions showed significantly less depth of injury when compared to SpetzlerMalis lesions (P < 0.001). The injury area induced by the TRIOwand was significantly less than that of Spetzler-Malis (P < 0.001) and Silverglide systems (P < 0.001). Ischemic changes and vacuolization were seen in all three groups. Conclusion Thermal damage is induced to varying extents by all bipolar systems. In this porcine model and under the conditions tested, bipolar cauterization with the TRIOwand resulted in less depth and decreased mean area of injury. Further studies are needed to characterize the injury caused by different bipolar systems with other settings and under surgical conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Roy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Nefize Turan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Pasang Wangmo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Louis Nkrumah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Stewart G Neill
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Phillips VL, Roy AK, Ratcliff J, Pradilla G. Minimally Invasive Parafascicular Surgery (MIPS) for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Compared to Medical Management: A Case Series Comparison for a Single Institution. Stroke Res Treat 2020; 2020:6503038. [PMID: 32582426 PMCID: PMC7306855 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6503038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive parafascicular surgery (MIPS) as a frontline treatment for spontaneous supratentorial ICH to medical management. Patients. The sample consisted of 17 patients who underwent MIPS from January 2014 to December 2016 and a comparison group of 23 patients who were medically managed from June 2012 to December 2013. All had an International Classification of Disease (ICD) diagnosis of 431 and were treated at Grady Memorial Hospital, an urban, public, safety-net hospital. METHODS The primary endpoint was risk of inpatient mortality. Secondary endpoints were rates of inpatient infection and favorable discharge status, defined as discharge to home or rehabilitation facility. Demographics and pre- and postclinical outcomes were compared using t-tests, the Mann-Whitney test, and chi-squared tests for continuous, ordinal and categorical measures, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the time to inpatient death. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine treatment effects on secondary outcomes. We also conducted exploratory subgroup analyses which compared MIPS to two medical management subgroups: those who had surgery during their hospitalization and those that did not. RESULTS Two patients (12%) died in the MIPS group compared to three (12%) in the medical management group. MIPS did not increase the risk of inpatient mortality relative to medical management. Rates of inpatient infection did not differ significantly between the two groups; eight MIPS patients (47%) and 13 medically managed patients (50%) contracted infections. MIPS significantly increased the likelihood of favorable discharge status (odds ratio (OR) 1.77; 95% CI, 1.12-21.9) compared to medical management. No outcome measures were significantly different between MIPS and the medical management subgroup without surgery, while rates of favorable discharge were higher among the MIPS patients compared to the medical management group with surgery. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MIPS, as a frontline treatment for spontaneous ICH, versus medical management for spontaneous ICH warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Phillips
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anil K Roy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan Ratcliff
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, SE, Suite 126, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Wallace AN, Grossberg JA, Almandoz JED, Kamran M, Roy AK, Kayan Y, Austin MJ, Howard BM, Moran CJ, Cawley CM, Cross DT, Dion JE, Kansagra AP, Osbun JW. Endovascular Treatment of Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms With Flow Diversion: Case Series and Systematic Review. Neurosurgery 2019. [PMID: 29528441 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow diversion of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms has not been widely reported, possibly owing to concerns regarding parent vessel size and branch vessel coverage. OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and effectiveness of PCA aneurysm flow diverter treatment. METHODS Retrospective review of PCA aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland) at 3 neurovascular centers, including periprocedural complications and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Systematic review of the literature identified published reports of PCA aneurysms treated with flow diversion. Rates of aneurysm occlusion and complications were calculated, and outcomes of saccular and fusiform aneurysm treatments were compared. RESULTS Ten PCA aneurysms in 9 patients were treated with the PED. There were 2 intraprocedural thromboembolic events (20%), including 1 symptomatic infarction and 1 delayed PED thrombosis. Eight of 10 patients returned to or improved from their baseline functional status. Complete aneurysm occlusion with parent vessel preservation was achieved in 75% (6/8) of cases at mean follow-up of 16.7 mo. Eleven of 12 (92%) major branch vessels covered by a PED remained patent. Including the present study, systematic review of 15 studies found a complete aneurysm occlusion rate of 88% (30/34) and complication rate of 26% (10/38), including 5 symptomatic ischemic strokes (13%; 5/38). Fusiform aneurysms more frequently completely occluded compared with saccular aneurysms (100% vs 70%; P = .03) but were associated with a higher complication rate (43% vs 9%; P = .06). CONCLUSION The safety and effectiveness profile of flow diverter treatment of PCA aneurysms may be acceptable in select cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Wallace
- Division of Neurointerventional Radi-ology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Josser E Delgado Almandoz
- Division of Neurointerventional Radi-ology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mudassar Kamran
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anil K Roy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yasha Kayan
- Division of Neurointerventional Radi-ology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew J Austin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian M Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher J Moran
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - DeWitte T Cross
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacques E Dion
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akash P Kansagra
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua W Osbun
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Malaviya DR, Roy AK, Kaushal P, Yadav A, Pandey DK. Complementary gene interaction and xenia effect controls the seed coat colour in interspecific cross between Trifolium alexandrinum and T. apertum. Genetica 2019; 147:197-203. [PMID: 30937602 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Trifolium alexandrinum (Egyptian clover) is a widely cultivated winter annual fodder. Present work deals with inheritance of the seed coat colour in segregating progenies of the interspecific cross between T. alexandrinum and T. apertum. Although, both the parent species possessed yellow seed coat, the F1 seeds were black coloured in the reciprocal cross (T. apertum × T. alexandrinum). Seeds borne on individual F2 plants and the advancing generations segregated in yellow and black seed coat colour, which confirmed xenia effect. F2 seeds collected from individual F1 plants exhibited nine black and seven yellow segregation ratio. The segregation of the seed coat colour recorded from F3 to F5 generations revealed that yellow seed coat was true breeding (i.e. non-segregating) in this interspecific cross (including the reciprocal crosses). However, the black seeded progenies were either true breeding or segregated in nine black: seven yellow ratio or three black: one yellow ratio suggesting a complementary gene interaction or duplicate recessive epistasis. It indicated that the seed coat colour is controlled by complementary gene interaction along with xenia effect in interspecific crosses between T. alexandrinum and T. apertum. Occurrence of the complementary genes across the species could suggest T. apertum to be the progenitor of T. alexandrinum. Inheritance of seed coat colour in reference to its importance in Egyptian clover breeding is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Malaviya
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India. .,ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226002, India.
| | - A K Roy
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - P Kaushal
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India.,ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, 493225, India
| | - A Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - D K Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226002, India
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11
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Wallace AN, Madaelil TP, Kamran M, Miller TR, Delgado Almandoz JE, Grossberg JA, Kansagra AP, Gandhi D, Kayan Y, Cawley CM, Moran CJ, Jindal G, CreveCoeur T, Howard BM, Cross DT, Kole MJ, Roy AK, Dion JE, Osbun JW. Pipeline Embolization of Vertebrobasilar Aneurysms—A Multicenter Case Series. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:e460-e469. [PMID: 30610980 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) has been increasingly used for the treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms. The purpose of the present study was to examine the clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients with vertebrobasilar aneurysms treated with the PED. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of vertebrobasilar aneurysms treated with the PED at 4 high-volume neurovascular centers. Patient, aneurysm, and procedural data were collected, including perioperative and delayed complications. Aneurysm occlusion on follow-up imaging studies was defined as complete (100%), near-complete (>90%), or incomplete (<90%) occlusion. RESULTS The cohort included 35 patients with 37 vertebrobasilar aneurysms who underwent 36 treatment sessions. Of the 35 patients, 10 were men (29%), and the mean patient age was 54.1 years (range, 32-75). Eight patients (23%) underwent urgent treatment because of a ruptured aneurysm (n = 6), brainstem perforator stroke (n = 1), or post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm (n = 1). Of the 37 aneurysms, 22 arose from the vertebral artery (59%) and 15 from the basilar artery (41%). Also, 19 were saccular aneurysms (51%), with a mean size of 7.7 mm (range, 1.7-38.0); 17 were fusiform aneurysms (46%), with a mean size of 11.0 mm (range, 4.3-34); and 1 was a 2.9-mm blister aneurysm. The overall procedural complication rate was 14% (5 of 36), including 3 neurologically symptomatic complications. At a mean follow-up period of 14 months (range, 3-59), 24 of 34 aneurysms (71%) were completely occluded and 29 of 34 (85%) were completely or near-completely occluded. CONCLUSION Our results show that Pipeline embolization of vertebrobasilar aneurysms is associated with acceptable occlusion and complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Wallace
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | | | - Mudassar Kamran
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy R Miller
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josser E Delgado Almandoz
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Akash P Kansagra
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasha Kayan
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - C Michael Cawley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher J Moran
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gaurav Jindal
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Travis CreveCoeur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian M Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - DeWitte T Cross
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew J Kole
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anil K Roy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacques E Dion
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua W Osbun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Roy AK, Philipp LR, Howard BM, Cawley CM, Grossberg JA, Barrow DL. Microsurgical Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms After Previous Endovascular Therapy: Single-Center Series and Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2019; 123:e103-e115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Ghosh D, Roy AK, Murmu N, Mandal S, Roy A. Risk Categorization with Different Grades of Cervical Pre-Neoplastic Lesions - High Risk HPV Associations and Expression of p53 and RARβ. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:549-555. [PMID: 30803219 PMCID: PMC6897033 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify high risk HPV associations by evaluating linked p16 overexpression and also the expression of p53 and RARβ together with histopathology for risk categorization of cervical pre-neoplastic lesions. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 100 cases of cervical pre- neoplastic lesions for expression of biomarkers like p16, p53 and RARβ for comparison with haematoxylin/eosin (HE) findings. All the experimentally generated data were statistically analyzed. Results: In this study 70% cases showed overexpression of p16INK4A increasing progressively from CIN I to CIN II but reduced in CIN III (p <0.01). p53 oncoprotein expression was seen in 51% cases, again with increments from CIN I to CIN II with slight reduction in CIN III (p<0.01). Some 24% cases showed negative immunoreactivity for the putative tumor suppressor gene RARβ (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides support for the idea that p16 can be used to identify associations with HPV , as well as having potential along with p53 and RARβ for categorizing cervical pre-neoplastic cases having a higher risk of neoplastic conversion. Thus it may be concluded that accurate risk categorization can be achieved with the help of genetic markers as well as histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India.
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14
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Pujari A, Howard BM, Madaelil TP, Skukalek SL, Roy AK, Dion JE, Cawley CM, Grossberg JA. Pipeline embolization device treatment of internal carotid artery terminus aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg 2018; 11:485-488. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe pipeline embolization device (PED) is approved for the treatment of large aneurysms of the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA). Its off-label application in treating aneurysms located specifically at the ICA terminus (ICA-T) has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients from 2011 to 7 treated with PEDs. Out of 365 patients, 10 patients with ICA-T aneurysms were included. Patient demographics, procedural information, follow-up imaging, and clinical assessments were recorded.ResultsMean age was 46.9 years (± 8.8), and 6 (60%) patients were women. The mean maximum diameter of the aneurysms treated was 14.7 mm (± 10.7) and the mean neck diameter was 9.3 mm (± 6.6). Reasons for presentation included six incidental findings, one acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and three patients with prior SAH. Kamran–Byrne Occlusion Scale scores for the treated aneurysms were as follows: three class IV (complete obliteration), four class III (<50% filling in both height and width for fusiform aneurysms or residual neck for saccular aneurysms), one class II fusiform aneurysm, 1 class 0 saccular aneurysm (residual aneurysm body), and one not classified due to pipeline thrombosis. Two clinically asymptomatic complications were noted: one patient who had a small distal cortical SAH post PED and one patient whose stent was found to be thrombosed on follow-up angiogram. All patients were seen in follow-up, and no patients were found to have worsening of their pre-procedure modified Rankin Scale score.ConclusionThe PED has potential for treating ICA-T aneurysms not amenable to conventional treatment strategies. Further studies are warranted to confirm the long term outcomes.
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15
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Barrow JW, Turan N, Wangmo P, Roy AK, Pradilla G. The role of inflammation and potential use of sex steroids in intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:150. [PMID: 30105144 PMCID: PMC6080146 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_88_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) continues to be a devastating neurological condition with a high risk of associated morbidity and mortality. Inflammation has been shown to increase the risk of complications associated with aSAH such as vasospasm and brain injury in animal models and humans. The goal of this review is to discuss the inflammatory mechanisms of aneurysm formation, rupture and vasospasm and explore the role of sex hormones in the inflammatory response to aSAH. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed using the following search terms: "intracranial aneurysm," "cerebral aneurysm," "dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate" "estrogen," "hormone replacement therapy," "inflammation," "oral contraceptive," "progesterone," "sex steroids," "sex hormones" "subarachnoid hemorrhage," "testosterone." Only studies published in English language were included in the review. Results Studies have shown that administration of sex hormones such as progesterone and estrogen at early stages in the inflammatory cascade can lower the risk and magnitude of subsequent complications. The exact mechanism by which these hormones act on the brain, as well as their role in the inflammatory cascade is not fully understood. Moreover, conflicting results have been published on the effect of hormone replacement therapy in humans. This review will scrutinize the variations in these studies to provide a more detailed understanding of sex hormones as potential therapeutic agents for intracranial aneurysms and aSAH. Conclusion Inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and administration of sex hormones as anti-inflammatory agents has been associated with improved functional outcome in experimental models. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic role of these hormones in the intracranial aneurysms and aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Barrow
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Nefize Turan
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pasang Wangmo
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anil K Roy
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Islam MZ, Islam MN, Bhowmik TK, Roy AK, Saha B, Hossain MS, Paul PK, Ahmed H, Islam SA, Shakil SS. Association of Low Level of High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol with Acute Coronary syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:508-512. [PMID: 30141439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in developing countries in Bangladesh with improvement of socioeconomic status, urbanization, changes of dietary habits and lifestyle. Dyslipidaemia is one of the major contributors increase CAD risk. This study was aimed to find out the association of low level HDL-C with acute coronary syndrome. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from August 2009 to May 2010. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, hypertension, FBS, serum total cholesterol level, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglyceride level were important variable considered. A total number of 100 respondents consisted of 50 cases (patient) Group I and 50 healthy people (control) Group II. Investigations included ECG, Troponin-I, FBS and Fasting Lipid Profile. The data was analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS. Chi-square test, T-test, ANOVA test used as test of significance. The mean level in cases of HDL-C 39.3±5.1 and in control level HDL-C 34.2±3.4 statistically significant (p<0.0001). In both group low concentration HDL-C (<40mg/dl) risk for CAD. Un-adjusted odds ratio 95% CI determinants of ACS, HDL-C of OR was 0.2. So, HDL-C is not protective factor. In multivariate logistic regression analysis that adjusted for confounders of HDL-C level (age, sex, smoking, hypertension, TC, LDL-C, TG) associated with ACS. HDL-C was strong predictor of ACS (RR in the highest) compared with lowest quarantile = 0.02; (95% CI=0.003-0.173; P for trend <0.0001). The study reflected that low HDL-C level associated with ACS. Categorization of patients with ACS on the basis HDL-C level may be helpful for risk stratification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Islam
- Dr Md Zahidul Islam, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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17
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Wallace AN, Kamran M, Madaelil TP, Kayan Y, Osbun JW, Roy AK, Almandoz JED, Moran CJ, Howard BM, Yasin J, Grossberg JA. Endovascular Treatment of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms with Flow Diversion. World Neurosurg 2018; 114:e581-e587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Roy AK. Book Review: Endoscopic Sinonasal Dissection Guide, Including Orbit and Skull Base, Second Edition. Neurosurgery 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Paul GK, Sen B, Khan MK, Bhowmik TK, Khan TA, Roy AK. Pattern of Disease among Patients Attending Cardiology Outpatient Department of a Private Hospital of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:270-274. [PMID: 29769489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic transition is taking place in every part of the world. Cardiovascular diseases became the most common cause of death accounting for 30% of deaths worldwide, with 80% of the burden now occurring in developing countries. The objective of the study was to assess the Pattern of disease among patients attending Cardiology outpatient department of a private hospital. The cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was conducted among 550 patients attending Cardiology outpatient department (COPD) of Sodesh Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2016 to June 2016. All the new patients attending COPD of Sodesh Hospital were selected purposively for the study. Data were collected by interview, physical examination and laboratory investigations of patients using a case record form. Mean age of the patients was 45.1 years with a SD of 15.6 years. Among the patients male were 291(52.9%), a bit higher than the female 259(47.1%). It was observed that more than half of the patients (281, 51.1%) visited cardiologist with non-cardiac problems. Less than one third of the patients (169, 30.7%) attended with cardiac problems and 100(18.2%) patients visited with both cardiac and non-cardiac problems. Among the cardiac diseases and symptoms hypertension was on the top of the list 176(65.4%). Ischemic heart diseases was present in 35(13.0%) and palpitation was in 30(11.1%) patients. On the other hand among the non-cardiac diseases or presentations, 121(43.1%) patients had non-specific chest pain, 63(22.4%) had shortness of breath and 17(6.1%) had diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was found the most frequent cardiovascular disease (65.4%) followed by ischemic heart disease (13.0%). More than half (51.1%) of the patients visit cardiologist with non-cardiac problems. Screening at the level of general practitioner (GP) and appropriate referral system can reduce extreme burden of patients to the cardiologists in the Cardiology outpatient department.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Paul
- Dr Gobinda Kanti Paul, Consultant & Residential Physician, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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20
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Radhakrishna A, Dwivedi KK, Srivastava MK, Roy AK, Malaviya DR, Kaushal P. Transcriptomic data of pre-meiotic stage of floret development in apomictic and sexual types of guinea grass ( Panicum maximum Jacq.). Data Brief 2018; 18:590-593. [PMID: 29896532 PMCID: PMC5995770 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq), an important fodder crop of humid and sub-humid tropical regions, reproduces through apomixis, a method of clonal propagation through seeds. Lack of knowledge of the genetic and molecular control of this phenomena has hindered the genetic improvement of this crop. The dataset provided here represents the first RNA-Seq based assembly and analysis of florets at pre-meiotic stage from the apomictic and sexual genotypes of guinea grass. The raw sequence files in FASTQ format were deposited in the NCBI SRA database with accession number SRP115883. A total of 24.8 Gb raw sequence data, corresponding to 17,96,65,827 raw reads was obtained by paired end sequencing. We used Trinity for de-novo assembly and identified 57,647 transcripts in sexual and 49,093 transcripts in apomictic type. This transcriptome data will be useful for identification and comparative analysis of genes regulating the mode of reproduction in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auji Radhakrishna
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, UP, India
| | | | | | - A K Roy
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, UP, India
| | - D R Malaviya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226002, UP, India
| | - P Kaushal
- ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur 493225, Chhattishgarh, India
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Punetha M, Roy AK, Ajithakumar HM, Para IA, Gupta D, Singh M, Bharati J. Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics and prilled fat supplementation on immune genes expression and lymphocyte proliferation of transition stage Karan Fries cows. Vet World 2018; 11:209-214. [PMID: 29657405 PMCID: PMC5891876 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.209-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Probiotics are the living microorganism which when administered improves the digestion and health of the animal. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) improves the humoral and innate immunity of the animal. Prilled fat is a hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride which has been reported to promote the release of cytokines from macrophages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of probiotic and prilled fat during transition stage in Karan Fries (KF) cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 KF cows at 21 days prepartum were selected and divided into two groups of six animals each. The control group was fed as per the standard feeding practices and the supplemented group cows were supplemented daily with prilled fat at 100 g/cow, SC at 25 g/cow, and sweetener at 1 g/cow in addition to the standard feeding practices from −30 days of prepartum to 21 days of lactation. The sweetener was added to improve the palatability of the feed. The natural sweetener of an African plant leave had 105 times more sweetness than glucose with good aroma. The dry matter intake of the animal was recorded. Plasma samples were collected weekly from all cows for the analysis of blood metabolite beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA). Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood for studying the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and for estimating lymphocyte proliferation index (LPI). Results: The upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α around calving might be possibly associated to the metabolic changes occurring during the transition period and suggest a higher degree of inflammation around parturition. High concentrations of BHBA caused increased expression and synthesis of the pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β in supplemented group in primary calf hepatocytes. The LPI was higher in supplemented group as compared to control which suggests a stimulatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids on mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferation. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of probiotics, prilled fat, and sweetener alleviated negative energy balance by stimulating feed intake and modulating hepatic lipid metabolism; and both of these additives improved the postpartum health (antioxidant status and immune function) of transition dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeti Punetha
- Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - A K Roy
- Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - H M Ajithakumar
- Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Irshad Ahmed Para
- Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepanshu Gupta
- Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Division of Animal Physiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya Bharati
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar - 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Blum K, Gold M, Modestino EJ, Baron D, Boyett B, Siwicki D, Lott L, Podesta A, Roy AK, Hauser M, Downs BW, Badgaiyan RD. Would induction of dopamine homeostasis via coupling genetic addiction risk score (GARS®) and pro-dopamine regulation benefit benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD)? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 31750006 PMCID: PMC6865059 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prescriptions for Benzodiazepines (BZDs) have risen continually. According to national statistics, the combination of BZDs with opioids has increased since 1999. BZDs (sometimes called “benzos”) work to calm or sedate a person by raising the level of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain. In terms of neurochemistry, BZDs act at the GABAA receptors to inhibit excitatory neurons, reducing VTA glutaminergic drive to reduce dopamine release at the Nucleus accumbens. Benzodiazepine Use Disorder (BUD) is very difficult to treat, partly because BZDs are used to reduce anxiety which paradoxically induces hypodopaminergia. Considering this, we are proposing a paradigm shift. Instead of simply targeting chloride channel direct GABAA receptors for replacement or substitution therapy, we propose the induction of dopamine homeostasis. Our rationale is supported by the well-established notion that the root cause of drug and non-drug addictions (i.e. Reward Deficiency Syndrome [RDS]), at least in adults, involve dopaminergic dysfunction and heightened stress. This proposition involves coupling the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) with a subsequent polymorphic matched genetic customized Pro-Dopamine Regulator known as KB220ZPBM (Precision Behavioral Management). Induction of dopamine homeostasis will be clinically beneficial in attempts to combat BUD for at least three reasons: 1) During detoxification of alcoholism, the potential induction of dopamine regulation reduces the need for BZDs; 2) A major reason for BZD abuse is because people want to achieve stress reduction and subsequently, the potential induction of dopamine regulation acts as an anti-stress factor; and 3) BUD and OUD are known to reduce resting state functional connectivity, and as such, potential induction of dopamine regulation enhances resting state functional connectivity. Future randomized placebo-controlled studies will investigate this forward thinking proposed novel modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blum
- Western University Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.,Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA.,Division of Neuroscience & Addiction Research, Pathway Healthcare, LLc., Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Addiction Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingstown, RI, USA.,Division of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA, USA
| | - M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo, USA
| | - E J Modestino
- Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA
| | - D Baron
- Western University Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.,Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B Boyett
- Division of Neuroscience & Addiction Research, Pathway Healthcare, LLc., Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D Siwicki
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L Lott
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Podesta
- Department of psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A K Roy
- Department of psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Hauser
- Division of Addiction Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingstown, RI, USA
| | - B W Downs
- Division of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA, USA
| | - R D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Hospital at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Roy AK. Book Review: The Greenberg Rapid Review: A Companion to the 8th Edition. Neurosurgery 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Roy AK. Book Review: The Comprehensive Neurosurgery Board Preparation Book. Neurosurgery 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various indicators are used to evaluate the quality of care delivered by surgical services, one of which is early reoperation rate. The indications and rate of reoperations within a 48-hour time period have not been previously reported for pediatric neurosurgery. METHODS Between May 1, 2009, and December 30, 2014, 7942 surgeries were performed by the pediatric neurosurgery service in the operating rooms at a single institution. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics associated with each of the operations were prospectively collected. The procedures were grouped into 31 categories based on the nature of the procedure and underlying diseases. Reoperations within 48 hours at the conclusion of the index surgery were reviewed to determine whether the reoperation was planned or unplanned. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze risk factors associated with unplanned reoperations. RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid shunt-and hydrocephalus-related surgeries accounted for 3245 (40.8%) of the 7942 procedures. Spinal procedures, craniotomy for tumor resections, craniotomy for traumatic injury, and craniofacial reconstructions accounted for an additional 8.7%, 6.8%, 4.5%, and 4.5% of surgical volume. There were 221 reoperations within 48 hours of the index surgery, yielding an overall incidence of 2.78%; 159 of the reoperation were unplanned. Of these 159 unplanned reoperations, 121 followed index operations involving shunt manipulations. Using unplanned reoperations as the dependent variable (n = 159), index operations with a starting time after 3 pm and admission through the emergency department (ED) were associated with a two- to threefold increase in the likelihood of reoperations (after-hour surgery, odds ratio [OR] 2.01 [95% CI 1.43-2.83, p < 0.001]; ED admission, OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.32-2.96, p < 0.05]). CONCLUSIONS Approximately 25% of the reoperations within 48 hours of a pediatric neurosurgical procedure were planned. When reoperations were unplanned, contributing factors could be both surgeon related and system related. Further study is required to determine the extent to which these reoperations are preventable. The utility of unplanned reoperation as a quality indicator is dependent on proper definition, analysis, and calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Roy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine; and
| | - Jason Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine; and
| | - Caroline Bozeman
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Associates, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
| | - Samir Sarda
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Sawvel
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Associates, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
| | - Joshua J Chern
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Associates, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine; and
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Roy AK. In Silico Analysis, Structure Modeling and Phosphorylation Site Prediction of Vitellogenin Protein from Gibelion Catla. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/jabb.2017.03.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Posner J, Cha J, Roy AK, Peterson BS, Bansal R, Gustafsson HC, Raffanello E, Gingrich J, Monk C. Alterations in amygdala-prefrontal circuits in infants exposed to prenatal maternal depression. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e935. [PMID: 27801896 PMCID: PMC5314110 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal depression is common and puts offspring at risk for developing a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its prevalence and adverse associations, neurobiological processes by which prenatal maternal depression (PMD) confers risk remain poorly understood. Maternal mood and fetal behavior were assessed between 34 and 37 gestational weeks. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI, we examined functional and structural connectivity within amygdala-prefrontal circuits in 64 infants (mean age=5.8±1.7 weeks) with (n=20) and without (n=44) in utero exposure to PMD. Resting fMRI and diffusion MRI both indicated atypical amygdala-prefrontal connectivity in PMD-exposed infants: Resting fMRI indicated increased inverse, or negative, functional connectivity between the amygdala and the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC), bilaterally, and diffusion MRI indicated decreased structural connectivity between the right amygdala and the right ventral PFC. Spectral dynamic causal modeling supported these findings suggesting altered amygdala-PFC effective (or directed) connectivity in PMD-exposed infants. Last, path analyses supported a mechanistic account relating PMD to a third-trimester fetal behavior: PMD alters amygdala-PFC connectivity, which in turn, is associated with an increase in fetal heart rate reactivity to in utero perturbation. These data suggest that the maturation and coordination of central and peripheral physiology are altered by prenatal exposure to maternal depression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to directly associate infant MRI measures with a behavior-fetal heart rate response, and supports hypotheses that PMD-associated variations in the development of amygdala-PFC circuits are relevant for future neurobehavioral maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Unit 74, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. E-mail:
| | - J Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - A K Roy
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Bansal
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H C Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Raffanello
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Gingrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Aditya GP, Bari MS, Bari MA, Mutalib MA, Islam MZ, Paul GK, Debnath RC, Roy AK, Bhuiyan MS. Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome is Better Predicted by Apolipoprotein B in Young People than Dyslipidemic Parameter of Conventional Lipid Profile. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:663-668. [PMID: 27941727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The traditional lipidic parameters when present and clusters within reference range, often fails to predict the risk of acute coronary syndrome in young population in this region. Measurement of Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), a parameter of the lipoprotein-lipid profile, provides a method of quantifying the concentration of lipoproteins, rather than their cholesterol content. Present study aimed to quantify the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young people with having none to less number of traditional lipidic parameters for dyslipidemia. This is a case control study among 50 cases of first attack of ACS among 18-45 years of age of both sexes, admitted in coronary care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from June 2009 to May 2010. Data was recently reanalyzed. Out of five sub-sets of lipid profile, namely TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and non-HDL-C, 16(32%) cases were dyslipidemic by 0 (none) parameter, 13(26%) cases by one parameter, 7(14%) cases by two parameters, 4(8%) cases by three cases, 7(14%) cases by four parameters and 3(6%) cases by all five parameters. It was found that none to lesser the number of dyslipidemic parameters, greater the percentage of ACS cases and they are having hyper ApoB with statistically significant association (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Aditya
- Dr Gana Pati Aditya, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Roy AK, Grossberg JA, Osbun JW, Skukalek SL, Howard BM, Ahmad FU, Tong F, Dion JE, Cawley CM. Carotid cavernous fistula after Pipeline placement: a single-center experience and review of the literature. J Neurointerv Surg 2016; 9:152-158. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveCarotid cavernous fistula (CCF) development after Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) treatment of cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCA) can be a challenging pathology to treat for the neurointerventionalist.MethodsA database of all patients whose aneurysms were treated with the PED since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 was retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information, aneurysm characteristics, treatment technique, antiplatelet regimen, and follow-up data were collected. A literature review of all papers that describe PED treatment of CCA was then completed.ResultsA total of 44 patients with 45 CCAs were identified (38 women, 6 men). The mean age was 59.9±9.0 years. The mean maximal aneurysm diameter was 15.9±6.9 mm (mean neck 7.1±3.6 mm). A single PED was deployed in 32 patients, with two PEDs deployed in 10 patients and three PEDs in 3 patients. Adjunctive coiling was performed in 3 patients. Mean follow-up duration based on final imaging (MR angiography or digital subtraction angiography) was 14.1±12.2 months. Five patients (11.4%) developed CCFs in the post-procedural period after PED treatment, all within 2 weeks of device placement. These CCFs were treated with a balloon test occlusion followed by parent artery sacrifice. Our literature review yielded only three reports of CCFs after PED placement, with the largest series having a CCF rate of 2.3%.ConclusionsCCF formation is a known risk of PED treatment of CCA. Although transvenous embolization can be used for treating CCFs, parent artery sacrifice remains a viable option on the basis of these data. Studies support the view that adjunctive coiling may have a protective effect against post-PED CCF formation. None of the coiled aneurysms in our database or in the literature have ruptured. Follow-up data will lead to a better understanding of the safety profile of the PED for CCA.
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Miller BA, Roy AK, Boucher AB, Pradilla G, Ahmad FU. Subacute Posttraumatic Ascending Myelopathy After an Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury from a Gunshot Wound to the Spine: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2016; 88:687.e13-687.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Roy AK, Miller BA, Holland CM, Fountain AJ, Pradilla G, Ahmad FU. Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic injury to the craniovertebral junction: a case-based review. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E3. [PMID: 25828497 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.focus14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is unique in the spinal column regarding the degree of multiplanar mobility allowed by its bony articulations. A network of ligamentous attachments provides stability to this junction. Although ligamentous injury can be inferred on CT scans through the utilization of craniometric measurements, the disruption of these ligaments can only be visualized directly with MRI. Here, the authors review the current literature on MRI evaluation of the CVJ following trauma and present several illustrative cases to highlight the utility and limitations of craniometric measures in the context of ligamentous injury at the CVJ. METHODS A retrospective case review was conducted to identify patients with cervical spine trauma who underwent cervical MRI and subsequently required occipitocervical or atlantoaxial fusion. Craniometric measurements were performed on the CT images in these cases. An extensive PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted to identify publications regarding the use of MRI in the evaluation of patients with CVJ trauma. RESULTS The authors identified 8 cases in which cervical MRI was performed prior to operative stabilization of the CVJ. Craniometric measures did not reliably rule out ligamentous injury, and there was significant heterogeneity in the reliability of different craniometric measurements. A review of the literature revealed several case series and descriptive studies addressing MRI in CVJ trauma. Three papers reported the inadequacy of the historical Traynelis system for identifying atlantooccipital dislocation and presented 3 alternative classification schemes with emphasis on MRI findings. CONCLUSIONS Recognition of ligamentous instability at the CVJ is critical in directing clinical decision making regarding surgical stabilization. Craniometric measures appear unreliable, and CT alone is unable to provide direct visualization of ligamentous injury. Therefore, while the decision to obtain MR images in CVJ trauma is largely based on clinical judgment with craniometric measures used as an adjunct, a high degree of suspicion is warranted in the care of these patients as a missed ligamentous injury can have devastating consequences.
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Bari MA, Roy AK, Islam MZ, Aditya G, Bhuiyan AS. Acute inferior myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction is more prone to develop cardiogenic shock. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:40-43. [PMID: 25725666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock is rare in isolated acute inferior myocardial infarction but there is relationship of cardiogenic shock with inferior myocardial infarction if associated with right ventricular infarction. A prospective study was carried out to see the association of cardiogenic shock with inferior myocardial infarction if associated with right ventricular infarction. This study was conducted from January 2011 to November 2011. A total of 100 cases were selected as study population which was taken from the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Among them 50 were in Group A and 50 were in Group B. Group A was the patients of acute myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction. Group B was the patients of acute myocardial infarction without right ventricular infarction. It revealed that 9(18%) in Group A and 3(6%) in Group B developed cardiogenic shock which is statistically significant (p<0.05). The study concluded that AMI (Inf) with RVI is significantly associated with cardiogenic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bari
- Dr MA Bari, Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Roy AK, Slimack NP, Ganju A. Idiopathic syringomyelia: retrospective case series, comprehensive review, and update on management. Neurosurg Focus 2011; 31:E15. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.9.focus11198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Object
A syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord that can be an incidental finding or it can be accompanied by symptoms of pain and temperature insensitivity. Although it is most commonly associated with Chiari malformation Type I, the advancement of imaging techniques has resulted in more incidental idiopathic syringes that are not associated with Chiari, tumor, trauma, or postinfectious causes. The authors present a comprehensive review and management strategies for the idiopathic variant of syringomyelia.
Methods
The authors retrospectively identified 8 idiopathic cases of syringomyelia at their institution during the last 6 years. A PubMed/Medline literature review yielded an additional 38 articles.
Results
Two of the authors' patients underwent surgical treatment that included a combination of laminectomy, lysis of adhesions, duraplasty, and syrinx fenestration. The remaining 6 patients were treated conservatively and had neurologically stable outcomes. Review of the literature suggests that an etiology-driven approach is essential in the diagnosis and management of syringomyelia, although conservative management suffices for most cases. In particular, it is important to look at disturbances in CSF flow, as well as structural abnormalities including arachnoid webs, cysts, scars, and a diminutive posterior fossa.
Conclusions
The precise etiology for idiopathic syringomyelia (IS) is still unclear, although conceptual advances have been made toward the overall understanding of the pathophysiology of IS. Various theories include the cerebellar piston theory, intramedullary pulse pressure theory, and increased spinal subarachnoid pressure. For most patients with IS, conservative management works well. Continued progression of symptoms, however, could be approached using decompressive strategies such as laminectomy, lysis of adhesions, and craniocervical decompression, depending on the level of pathology. Management for patients with progressive neurological dysfunction and the lack of flow disturbance is unclear, although syringosubarachnoid shunting can be considered.
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Chandra A, Tiwari KK, Nagaich D, Dubey N, Kumar S, Roy AK. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers from tropical forage Stylosanthes species and analysis of genetic variability and cross-species transferability. Genome 2011; 54:1016-28. [PMID: 22088085 DOI: 10.1139/g11-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of functional molecular markers has slowed the desired genetic improvement of Stylosanthes species. Hence, in an attempt to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, genomic libraries from Stylosanthes seabrana B.L. Maass & 't Mannetje (2n=2x=20) using 5' anchored degenerate microsatellite primers were constructed. Of the 76 new microsatellites, 21 functional primer pairs were designed. Because of the small number of primer pairs designed, 428 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from seven Stylosanthes species were also examined for SSR detection. Approximately 10% of sequences delivered functional primer pairs, and after redundancy elimination, 57 microsatellite repeats were selected. Tetranucleotides followed by trinucleotides were the major repeated sequences in Stylosanthes ESTs. In total, a robust set of 21 genomic-SSR (gSSR) and 20 EST-SSR (eSSR) markers were developed. These markers were analyzed for intraspecific diversity within 20 S. seabrana accessions and for their cross-species transferability. Mean expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity values with gSSR markers were 0.64 and 0.372, respectively, whereas with eSSR markers these were 0.297 and 0.214, respectively. Dendrograms having moderate bootstrap value (23%-94%) were able to distinguish all accessions of S. seabrana with gSSR markers, whereas eSSR markers showed 100% similarities between few accessions. The set of 21 gSSRs, from S. seabrana, and 20 eSSRs, from selected Stylosanthes species, with their high cross-species transferability (45% with gSSRs, 86% with eSSRs) will facilitate genetic improvement of Stylosanthes species globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Chandra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284003, India.
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Sen SS, Bhuyan NR, Lakshman K, Roy AK, Chakraborty B, Bera T. Membrane bound pyrophosphatase and P-type adenosine triphosphatase of Leishmania donovani as possible chemotherapeutic targets: similarities and differences in inhibitor sensitivities. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2009; 74:1382-7. [PMID: 19961421 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790912013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activities of inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were studied in the plasma membrane of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. It was shown that the specific activity of PPase was greater than that of ATPase in the promastigote plasma membrane. We characterized H+-PPase present in the plasma membrane of L. donovani and investigated its possible role in the survival of promastigote and amastigote. PPase activity was stimulated by K+ and sodium orthovanadate and inhibited by pyrophosphate analogs (imidodiphosphate and alendronate), KF, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), thiol reagents (p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate (PCMBS), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and phenylarsine oxide (PAO)), the ABC superfamily transport modulator verapamil, and also by the F(1)F(o)-ATPase inhibitor quercetin. ATPase activity was stimulated by K+ and verapamil, inhibited by DCCD, PCMBS, NEM, sodium azide, sodium orthovanadate, and quercetin, and was unaffected by PAO. We conclude that there are significant differences within promastigote, amastigote, and mammalian host in cytosolic pH homeostasis to merit the inclusion of PPase transporter as a putative target for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sen
- Division of Medicinal Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 7000032, India
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Abstract
One prominent example of globalization and mass cultural exchange is bilingualism, whereby world citizens learn to understand and speak multiple languages. Music, similar to language, is a human universal, and subject to the effects of globalization. In two experiments, we asked whether bimusicalism exists as a phenomenon, and whether it can occur even without explicit formal training and extensive music-making. Everyday music listeners who had significant exposure to music of both Indian (South Asian) and Westerners traditions (IW listeners) and listeners who had experience with only Indian or Western culture (I or W listeners) participated in recognition memory and tension judgment experiments where they listened to Western and Indian music. We found that while I and W listeners showed an in-culture bias, IW listeners showed equal responses to music from both cultures, suggesting that dual mental and affective sensitivities can be extended to a nonlinguistic domain.
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Nagaraja D, Gururaj G, Girish N, Panda S, Roy AK, Sarma GRK, Srinivasa R. Feasibility study of stroke surveillance: data from Bangalore, India. Indian J Med Res 2009; 130:396-403. [PMID: 19942742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Stroke is a leading cause of deaths, and disabilities in India. Reliable and good quality data on epidemiological characteristics of stroke are essential to plan, implement and evaluate stroke prevention and control programmes. A feasibility study was undertaken in Bangalore to examine the possibility of establishing stroke surveillance and to develop methodology for a larger programme. METHODS The study adapted WHO STEPs-STROKE methodology to collect data on hospitalized stroke events and fatal stroke events in the city of Bangalore. In STEP I, Information was collected from 1,174 stroke patients in three large hospitals and were followed till discharge and 28 days; outcome was measured as death or disability. Stroke cases fulfilling diagnostic criteria, evaluated by neurologists and CT/MRI confirmed cases were included. Brief information on major risk factors was collected from all stroke patients / family members and from medical records by trained research officers. In STEP II, death records of Bangalore Mahanagara Palike for 2004 (n=23,312) were analyzed to identify stroke related deaths. RESULTS Using WHO-STEPs approach, a methodology was developed for stroke surveillance in a geographically defined population. By STEP 1 method--7 per cent of medical and 45 per cent of neurological admissions were due to stroke with a fatality rate of 9 per cent at hospital discharge and 20 per cent at 28 days. With a mean age of 54.5 (+/- 17.0) yr and male preponderance, nearly half had one or more risk factors. Weakness or paresis (92%) was the commonest presentation and ischaemic stroke was most frequent (73.8%). One third of total stroke patients were dependent at both discharge and 28 day follow up. By STEP II method the proportional mortality rate for Bangalore city was observed to be 6 per cent and more than 50 per cent of total stroke deaths had occurred in 10 major hospitals. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The present study has shown that stroke surveillance is possible and feasible. Institution based (hospitals and vital registry data) stroke surveillance supplemented with periodical population based information can provide comprehensive information on vital aspects of stroke like mortality, risk factors, disability and outcome. There is a need to develop stroke surveillance in a phased manner along with mechanisms to apply data for prevention and control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagaraja
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Zuo XN, Shehzad ZE, Di Martino A, Kelly AMC, Reiss PT, Gee DG, Gotimer K, Uddin LQ, Lee SH, Margulies DS, Roy AK, Petkova E, Biswal BB, Klein DF, Castellanos FX, Milham MP. Establishing the Reliability of Amplitude Measures for Spontaneous Fluctuations in the Resting Brain. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Research on the contributions of the human nervous system to language processing and learning has generally been focused on the association regions of the brain without considering the possible contribution of primary and adjacent sensory areas. We report a study examining the relationship between the anatomy of Heschl's Gyrus (HG), which includes predominately primary auditory areas and is often found to be associated with nonlinguistic pitch processing and language learning. Unlike English, most languages of the world use pitch patterns to signal word meaning. In the present study, native English-speaking adult subjects learned to incorporate foreign pitch patterns in word identification. Subjects who were less successful in learning showed a smaller HG volume on the left (especially gray matter volume), but not on the right, relative to learners who were successful. These results suggest that HG, typically shown to be associated with the processing of acoustic cues in nonspeech processing, is also involved in speech learning. These results also suggest that primary auditory regions may be important for encoding basic acoustic cues during the course of spoken language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C M Wong
- The Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Mathew T, Sarma G, Kamath V, Roy AK. Subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage secondary to cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: A rare combination. Neurol India 2007; 55:438-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.37110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Roy AK, Khanduri S, Girisha KM. Fusiform swellings of fingers in a 3-year-old girl. J Postgrad Med 2006; 52:314, 324. [PMID: 17102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, India
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Gupta G, Jain RK, Maikhuri JP, Shukla PK, Kumar M, Roy AK, Patra A, Singh V, Batra S. Discovery of substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes as potent spermicides, acrosin inhibitors and mild anti-fungal agents. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2301-8. [PMID: 15932909 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continued endeavour to design novel, non-detergent molecules that can be useful as topical, prophylactic contraceptives has led to the discovery of substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes as a new class of compounds exhibiting both spermicidal and acrosin inhibitory activities simultaneously. METHODS Normal human semen samples were used to detect the spermicidal and acrosin inhibitory activities of the new compounds. Lactobacillus, HeLa and Candida cultures were used to determine the safety of compounds towards normal vaginal flora, their cytotoxicity and anti-fungal activity. Supravital staining and the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) were used to detect the effect on sperm membrane integrity. Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) was used as a reference standard. RESULTS The 5- and 3-substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes showed significant spermicidal [minimum effective concentration (MEC)=0.005-2.5%] and acrosin inhibitory (IC50=3.9-58 x 10(-4) mol/l) activities in several molecules along with weak fungicidal activity against Candida albicans. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plot analysis of a representative structure showed non-competitive inhibition of human acrosin enzyme, and the most potent acrosin inhibitors also considerably diminished the induction of the acrosome reaction by Ca2+ ionophore. Some compounds were found to be significantly safer than N-9 towards Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro at their respective spermicidal MECs. In the cytotoxicity assay, the IC50 of these compounds towards the HeLa cell line was of the same order as N-9 (0.9-0.1 mmol/l); however, in contrast, the compounds exhibited only a moderate effect on sperm membrane integrity. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 5- and 3-substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes are 'first generation' multifunctional, spermicidal molecules that hold promise for development as topical contraceptives with useful associated activities that can add considerably to their effectiveness, safety and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Batra S, Roy AK, Patra A, Bhaduri AP, Surin WR, Raghavan SAV, Sharma P, Kapoor K, Dikshit M. Baylis–Hillman reaction assisted parallel synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles and their in vivo bioevaluation as antithrombotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2059-77. [PMID: 15080910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The solution-phase parallel synthesis involving reactions of Baylis-Hillman products of 3-substituted-5-isoxazolecarbaldehydes with nucleophiles and their in vivo antithrombotic evaluations are described along with the results of in vitro platelet aggregation inhibition assay of a few compounds. Results of the detailed evaluation of one of the compounds as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Roy AK, Malaviya DR, Kaushal P, Kumar B, Tiwari A. Interspecific hybridization of Trifolium alexandrinum with T. constantinopolitanum using embryo rescue. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:705-710. [PMID: 14745504 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2003] [Revised: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The embryo rescue technique was successfully used to raise hybrids between Trifolium alexandrinum and T. constantinopolitanum. As a result of its narrow genetic base, genetic improvement in Egyptian clover (syn. Berseem; T. alexandrinum), an important fodder crop in tropical and subtropical countries, is hampered, thereby making it imperative to introduce alien genes from related species. In a conventional interspecific hybridization program, hybrids could not be raised due to post-fertilization barriers. Of the several combinations tried, pollination 2 days after emasculation was found to be the best. Globular embryos were observed 5-7 days after pollination (DAP), followed by heart-shaped embryos 10-12 DAP. Embryos excised at the heart-shaped stage responded well to EC3 culture medium. Of 612 crosses, 33 healthy embryos could be excised and cultured on EC3 medium. The plumule emerged 8-12 days following inoculation. The embryo-rescued plants were hardened, inoculated with Rhizobium and transferred to the field. The hybrids showed intermediate morphological features with reduced pollen fertility (55-65%) and a chromosomal complement of 2n = 16. Biochemical characterization using isozymes confirmed hybridity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, India.
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Roy AK, Rajesh SV, Iby N, Jose JM, Sarma GR. A study of epilepsy-related psychosis. Neurol India 2003; 51:359-60. [PMID: 14652438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The association of epilepsy and psychosis is studied. Among the 500 patients of epilepsy evaluated, there were 12 patients, 8 males and 4 females with epilepsy-related psychosis. Their average age was 38 years. The interval between the age of onset of epilepsy and psychotic features was 9 years. Complex partial seizures were present in 7 patients and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizure was present in 1 patient. Four patients had post-ictal psychosis, 7 had acute interictal psychosis and 1 patient had chronic psychosis. The inter-ictal and chronic psychoses were schizophreniform whereas the post-ictal psychoses were not. EEG showed a temporal focus in 7 patients with complex partial seizures and an extra-temporal focus was identified in 4 out of the other 5 patients. Imaging (CT scan/MRI) revealed abnormalities in 10 patients. This study attempts to define the characteristics of psychoses occurring in epileptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- Departments of Neurology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore - 560034, India
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Sarma GRK, Kumar A, Roy AK, Pinheiro L. Post-cardiorespiratory arrest beta-alpha coma: an unusual electroencephalographic phenomenon. Neurol India 2003; 51:266-8. [PMID: 14571023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of frontally-dominant alpha pattern in the EEG is common in patients with coma due to trauma, toxic-metabolic causes and following cardiorespiratory arrest. Diffuse beta activity following resuscitation after a cardiac arrest is not well recognized. We report a case of coma in a 3-year-old girl who had a cardiac arrest from which she was revived. Initial EEG showed diffuse beta activity, which later evolved to predominantly alpha activity. The possible mechanisms involved in the generation of such rhythms are discussed. Transition of EEG activity from faster to slower frequencies is suggested as an adverse prognostic factor in post-cardiorespiratory arrest coma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R K Sarma
- Department of Neurology, St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.
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Pinheiro L, Roy AK, Sarma GRK, Kumar A. Relevance of computerized electroencephalographic topography (brain mapping) in ischemic stroke. Neurol India 2003; 51:235-6. [PMID: 14571011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Computerized electroencephalographic topography (CET) (brain mapping) is a non-invasive, spatially oriented procedure for depicting amplitude and frequency patterns by two-dimensional color-coded frequency and amplitude display of the electroencephalograph (EEG). MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively studied the relationship between CT scan lesions, conventional EEG and brain mapping in 40 patients with ischemic stroke within 1 week of onset. EEG and brain mapping was done within 24 hours of doing CT scan. RESULTS There were 32 males and 8 females and the mean age was 56 years (range 27-75 years). CET/EEG was normal in 2 patients with capsular infarct. Brain mapping showed abnormalities (most commonly low-frequency high-amplitude changes) in 95% of patients, whereas EEG abnormalities were seen in only 40%. Brain mapping abnormalities were appropriate to the side of the CT scan lesion in 20 (52.63%) patients and were present bilaterally n 18 (47.37%) patients. Brain mapping abnormalities were ipsilateral to the side of the CT lesion when the lesion was < 2 cm in diameter and they were bi-hemispherical when the CT lesion was > 2 cm in diameter. CONCLUSIONS There was no correlation between motor deficits and brain map abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pinheiro
- Department of Neurology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore 560-034, India
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Sarma GRK, Roy AK. Nadroparin plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Neurol India 2003; 51:208-10. [PMID: 14571005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) has been widely used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke but controlled trials are few. In this study, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke of less than 24 hours duration were randomized to receive either aspirin (325 mg/day) alone or aspirin (325 mg/day) plus subcutaneous nadroparin 4100 units/day. At the end of 4 weeks, the morbidity and mortality were significantly less in the nadroparin group as compared to the aspirin group. There was no increased risk of clinically significant intracranial hemorrhage in either group. The combination of aspirin and LMWH deserves to be tested in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R K Sarma
- Department of Neurology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.
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Roy AK, Pinheiro L, Rajesh SV. Prevalence of photosensitivity--an Indian experience. Neurol India 2003; 51:241-3. [PMID: 14571013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
One thousand nine hundred and forty newly recruited entrants for training as pilots (Group A) underwent photic stimulation during EEG recording during the entrance examination to the flying stream. One hundred and sixty individuals (Group B) working on radars for prolonged periods were interviewed for eliciting complaints referable to photosensitivity and were subjected to EEG. EEGs in respect to 1000 cases (Group C) of known epilepsy were examined for the incidence of a photosensitive response. The study has revealed that 14 cases (0.72%) in group A had an abnormal response to photic stimulation out of which one case developed seizure during EEG recording. One case (0.62%) in group B and 30 cases (3%) in group C were detected to have photosensitivity. The maximum response was seen at 20 Hz stimulation. The prevalence of photosensitivity and its manifestations in these groups indicates that this condition is not uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- Department of Neurology, Command Hospital Airforce Hospital & St. John's Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560-034, India
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Sarma GRK, Kumar A, Roy AK. Unusual radiological picture in eclamptic encephalopathy. Neurol India 2003; 51:127-8. [PMID: 12865550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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