Anthocyanin-Containing Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Synbiotic Yogurt Inhibited 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis by Suppressing White Adipocyte-Specific Genes

Purpose

We unravel the effect of anthocyanin-containing purple sweet potato synbiotic yogurt (PSPY) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and its fundamental molecular mechanisms.

Methods

Molecular docking simulation was performed to observe and identify the affinity and interaction between bioactive compounds and targeted proteins. MDI (isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-containing medium, a cocktail that stimulates adipogenesis, was used in this study. The toxic effect possibility of the yogurt product was evaluated using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 5% (v/v) plain or purple sweet potato yogurt supernatant was given to 3T3-L1 preadipocyte culture medium from 24 h after seeding until day 11 of MDI-induced differentiation. The mRNA expression and lipid accumulation were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Oil red O staining, respectively, on day 11 after differentiation induction.

Results

In silico study suggested that anthocyanin-derived compounds have the potential to inhibit peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a master regulator for white adipogenesis. Anthocyanin-containing PSPY significantly suppressed the expression of Pparg, Adipoq, Slc2a4, and Pgc1a. PSPY significantly suppressed Pparg with 1% and 5% concentrations, while with a concentration of 0.25%, PSPY significantly suppressed Adipoq expression as compared to control. Significant inhibition of Slc2a4 and Pgc1a was observed starting from a 0.25% concentration of PSPY. The suppression of adipogenic genes was also observed with the treatment of plain yogurt; however, the effects were relatively lower than the PSPY. The group treated with 1% and 5% of PSPY also showed inhibition effects on lipid accumulation.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated PSPY inhibition effect on white adipocyte differentiation through suppression of Pparg and its downstream genes, Adipoq and Slc2a4, indicating the potential of this yogurt as a functional food for obesity management and prevention.

Happy Beach Coastal Landscape Design, Based on Landscape Engineering Adjustment

Coastal Landscape design based on landscape engineering adjustment is a coastal landscape design which applying theory, mathematical and physical modelling to practical design problems. The objective of this research is to analyze the characteristic of site and to design coastal landscape based on landscape engineering adjustment, in addition to make a sustainable site landscape design. Happy beach is one of unexposed black sand beach to many tourists, which has beautiful and clean ocean scenery. Dolphin watching tour is the main potential nature attraction to the site through riding boat at every sunrise. Methods that used in this research in design process; 1. Project acceptance; 2. Research analysis, by exploring some potential, amenity, obstacle and danger signal of site; 3. Design, the creative process of responding to condition while concentrating meaning; 4. Construction drawing. Landscape engineering approach was used to solve some specific site problem such us stormwater, climate, and beach sand which deadly for plants. The rainfall intensity value of 101.72 mm / hour. The amount of runoff is 13 m3/s it has a relatively small value. From the temperature data of Tukadmungga Village for one year, which is listed in Table 1, it can be concluded that the highest temperature reaches 31 °C. The highest temperature occurs in September 2018 to March 2019. In the range of November to April, the position of the sun against the site can be illustrated with sun path diagram. By knowing the position of the sun, we can determine the exact position of vegetation planting, which is located in the west and east of the building. m3/s0.13 m3/s Happy Beach Landscape Design include the detail of material properties which has the best performance for its using, climate, and design concept. Coastal landscape design eventually will be a recommendation for Tukadmungga village perbekel office and also North Bali Ministry of public work.