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Plyasova AA, Berrino E, Khan II, Veselovsky AV, Pokrovsky VS, Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Supuran CT, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Gladilina YA, Sokolov NN, Hilal A, Carta F, Zhdanov DD. Mechanisms of the Antiproliferative and Antitumor Activity of Novel Telomerase-Carbonic Anhydrase Dual-Hybrid Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11432-11444. [PMID: 34283610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human (h) telomerase (TL; EC 2.7.7.49) plays a key role in sustaining cancer cells by means of elongating telomeric repeats at the 3' ends of chromosomes. Since TL-inhibitor (TI) stand-alone cancer therapy has been proven to be remarkably challenging, a polypharmacological approach represents a valid alternative. Here we consider a series of compounds able to inhibit both hTL and the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) IX and XII. Compounds 7 and 9 suppressed hTL activity in both cell lysates and human colon cancer cell lines, and prolonged incubation with either 7 or 9 resulted in telomere shortening, cell cycle arrest, replicative senescence, and apoptosis. Enzyme kinetics showed that 7 and 9 are mixed-type inhibitors of the binding of DNA primers and deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) to the TL catalytic subunit hTERT, which is in agreement with docking experiments. Compound 9 showed antitumor activity in Colo-205 mouse xenografts and suppressed telomerase activity by telomere reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Irina I Khan
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow 117198, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | | | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow 117198, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina V Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | | | - Yulia A Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Abdullah Hilal
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
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Plyasova AA, Zhdanov DD. Alternative Splicing of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) and Its Implications in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:526. [PMID: 34065134 PMCID: PMC8150890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase) pre-mRNA strongly regulates telomerase activity. Several proteins can regulate AS in a cell type-specific manner and determine the functions of cells. In addition to being involved in telomerase activity regulation, AS provides cells with different splice variants that may have alternative biological activities. The modulation of telomerase activity through the induction of hTERT AS is involved in the development of different cancer types and embryos, and the differentiation of stem cells. Regulatory T cells may suppress the proliferation of target human and murine T and B lymphocytes and NK cells in a contact-independent manner involving activation of TERT AS. This review focuses on the mechanism of regulation of hTERT pre-mRNA AS and the involvement of splice variants in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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Plyasova AA, Pokrovskaya MV, Lisitsyna OM, Pokrovsky VS, Alexandrova SS, Hilal A, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. Penetration into Cancer Cells via Clathrin-Dependent Mechanism Allows L-Asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum to Inhibit Telomerase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E286. [PMID: 33008089 PMCID: PMC7650658 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effect of L-asparaginases (L-ASNases) is attributable to their ability to hydrolyze L-asparagine in the bloodstream and cancer cell microenvironment. Rhodospirillum rubrum (RrA) has dual mechanism of action and plays a role in the suppression of telomerase activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible mechanism of RrA penetration into human cancer cells. Labeling of widely used L-ASNases by fluorescein isothiocyanate followed by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that only RrA can interact with cell membranes. The screening of inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis demonstrated the involvement of clathrin receptors in RrA penetration into cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed the cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of RrA in human breast cancer SKBR3 cells. Two predicted nuclear localization motifs allow RrA to penetrate into the cell nucleus and inhibit telomerase. Chromatin relaxation promoted by different agents can increase the ability of RrA to suppress the expression of telomerase main catalytic subunit. Our study demonstrated for the first time the ability of RrA to penetrate into human cancer cells and the involvement of clathrin receptors in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Olga M. Lisitsyna
- International Biotechnology Center “Generium” LLC, Vladimirskaya st. 14, 601125 Volginsky, Russia;
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Alexandrova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Abdullah Hilal
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.P.); (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (A.H.); (N.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Zhdanov DD, Plyasova AA, Gladilina YA, Pokrovsky VS, Grishin DV, Grachev VA, Orlova VS, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Lobaeva TA, Sokolov NN. Inhibition of telomerase activity by splice-switching oligonucleotides targeting the mRNA of the telomerase catalytic subunit affects proliferation of human CD4 + T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:790-796. [PMID: 30612734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase activity is regulated at the mRNA level by alternative splicing (AS) of its catalytic subunit hTERT. The aim of this study was to define the ability of splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) that pair with hTERT pre-mRNA to induce AS and inhibit telomerase activity in human CD4+ T lymphocytes. SSOs that blocked the binding of a single splicing regulatory protein, SRp20 or SRp40, to its site within intron 8 of hTERT pre-mRNA demonstrated rather moderate capacities to induce AS and inhibit telomerase. However, a SSO that blocked the interaction of both SRp20 and SRp40 proteins with pre-mRNA was the most active. Cultivation of lymphocytes with spliced hTERT and inhibited telomerase resulted in the reduction of proliferative activity without significant induction of cell death. These results should facilitate further investigation of telomerase activity regulation, and antitelomerase SSOs could become promising agents for antiproliferative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna A Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Grachev
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina S Orlova
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Tatiana A Lobaeva
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
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Zhdanov DD, Gladilina YA, Pokrovsky VS, Grishin DV, Grachev VA, Orlova VS, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Plyasova AA, Sokolov NN. Endonuclease G modulates the alternative splicing of deoxyribonuclease 1 mRNA in human CD4 + T lymphocytes and prevents the progression of apoptosis. Biochimie 2018; 157:158-176. [PMID: 30521874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic endonucleases act cooperatively to fragment DNA and ensure the irreversibility of apoptosis. However, very little is known regarding the potential regulatory links between endonucleases. Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase I) inactivation is caused by alternative splicing (AS) of DNase I pre-mRNA skipping exon 4, which occurs in response to EndoG overexpression in cells. The current study aimed to determine the role of EndoG in the regulation of DNase I mRNA AS and the modulation of its enzymatic activity. A strong correlation was identified between the EndoG expression levels and DNase I splice variants in human lymphocytes. EndoG overexpression in CD4+ T cells down-regulated the mRNA levels of the active full-length DNase I variant and up-regulated the levels of the non-active spliced variant, which acts in a dominant-negative fashion. DNase I AS was induced by the translocation of EndoG from mitochondria into nuclei during the development of apoptosis. The DNase I spliced variant was induced by recombinant EndoG or by incubation with EndoG-digested cellular RNA in an in vitro system with isolated cell nuclei. Using antisense DNA oligonucleotides, we identified a 72-base segment that spans the adjacent segments of exon 4 and intron 4 and appears to be responsible for the AS. DNase I-positive CD4+ T cells overexpressing EndoG demonstrated decreased progression towards bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Therefore, EndoG is an endonuclease with the unique ability to inactivate another endonuclease, DNase I, and to modulate the development of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Grachev
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina S Orlova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anna A Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St 10/8, 119121, Moscow, Russia
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