1
|
Geyer J, Barschkett M, Haan P, Hammerschmid A. The effects of an increase in the retirement age on health care costs: evidence from administrative data. Eur J Health Econ 2023; 24:1101-1120. [PMID: 36274115 PMCID: PMC10406678 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we use unique health record data that cover outpatient care and the associated costs to quantify the health care costs of a sizable increase in the retirement age in Germany. For the identification, we exploit a sizable cohort-specific pension reform which abolished an early retirement program for all women born after 1951. Our results show that health care costs significantly increase by about 2.9% in the age group directly affected by the increase in the retirement age (women aged 60-62). We further show that the cost increase is mainly driven by the following specialist groups: Ophthalmologists, general practitioners (GPs), neurology, orthopedics, and radiology. While the effects are significant and meaningful on the individual level, we show that the increase in health care costs is modest relative to the positive fiscal effects of the pension reform. Specifically, we estimate an aggregate increase in the health costs of about 7.7 million euro for women born in 1952 aged 60-62 which amounts to less than 2% of the overall positive fiscal effects of the pension reform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Geyer
- Department of Public Economics, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mara Barschkett
- Department of Public Economics, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Economics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Haan
- Department of Public Economics, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- School of Business and Economics, FU Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Hammerschmid
- Department of Public Economics, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jaksch-Bogensperger H, Hammerschmid A, Aigner L, Trinka E, Gehwolf R, Ebner Y, Hutterer M, Couillard-Despres S. Proseek single-plex protein assay kit system to detect sAxl and Gas6 in serological material of brain tumor patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 18:e00252. [PMID: 29876303 PMCID: PMC5989588 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of an alternative method beside routinely used ELISA to measure levels of sAxl and Gas6 in serological material of HGG patients is proposed. Both antibodies are established with the powerful combination of protein detection and PCR amplification using the Proseek Single-Plex Assay. This tool quantifies single proteins in solution with a maximum of sensitivity and specificity to visualize low levels of proteins in just 1 μl blood sample within one day.
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Axl and its ligand Gas6 are critically involved in the pathogenesis of high-grade glioma (HGG). Both proteins were found to be overexpressed e.g. in tumor cells, mediating cell proliferation and migration as well as tumor angiogenesis and neuroinflammation. The extracellular domain of Axl (sAxl) and Gas6 were found in the peri-tumoral edema and blood of animals as well as in human glioma tissue. Therefore, we monitored the level of sAxl and Gas6 in human blood samples. To increase the sensitivity of protein detection beyond commonly used standard methods we preliminary tested the innovative Proseek Single-Plex Protein Assay Kit System from Olink Bioscience together with new antibodies against the soluble RTK sAxl and its ligand Gas6. We conclude that the Proseek method is a highly sensitive and fast procedure that can be used as a possible powerful tool compared to routinely used ELISA-methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Jaksch-Bogensperger
- University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Hammerschmid
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- University Hospital of Neurology, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yvonne Ebner
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Hutterer
- Department of Neurology 1 - Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Wagner-Jauregg Weg 15, A-4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez M, Epelde M, de Arteche MG, Panizza A, Hammerschmid A, Baresi M, Monti N. Performance evaluation of an ORC unit integrated to a waste heat recovery system in a steel mill. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Sterrer R, Schidler S, Schwandt O, Franz P, Hammerschmid A. Theoretical Analysis of the Combination of CSP with a Biomass CHP-plant Using ORC-technology in Central Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|