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Streuer A, Jann JC, Boch T, Mossner M, Riabov V, Schmitt N, Altrock E, Xu Q, Demmerle M, Nowak V, Oblaender J, Palme I, Weimer N, Rapp F, Metzgeroth G, Hecht A, Höger T, Merz C, Hofmann WK, Nolte F, Nowak D. Treatment with the apoptosis inhibitor Asunercept reduces clone sizes in patients with lower risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1221-1233. [PMID: 38413410 PMCID: PMC10940491 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In low-risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS), increased activity of apoptosis-promoting factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and pro-apoptotic Fas ligand (CD95L) have been described as possible pathomechanisms leading to impaired erythropoiesis. Asunercept (APG101) is a novel therapeutic fusion protein blocking CD95, which has previously shown partial efficacy in reducing transfusion requirement in a clinical phase I trial for low-risk MDS patients (NCT01736436; 2012-11-26). In the current study we aimed to evaluate the effect of Asunercept therapy on the clonal bone marrow composition to identify potential biomarkers to predict response. Bone marrow samples of n = 12 low-risk MDS patients from the above referenced clinical trial were analyzed by serial deep whole exome sequencing in a total of n = 58 time points. We could distinguish a mean of 3.5 molecularly defined subclones per patient (range 2-6). We observed a molecular response defined as reductions of dominant clone sizes by a variant allele frequency (VAF) decrease of at least 10% (mean 20%, range: 10.5-39.2%) in dependency of Asunercept treatment in 9 of 12 (75%) patients. Most of this decline in clonal populations was observed after completion of 12 weeks treatment. Particularly early and pronounced reductions of clone sizes were found in subclones driven by mutations in genes involved in regulation of methylation (n = 1 DNMT3A, n = 1 IDH2, n = 1 TET2). Our results suggest that APG101 could be efficacious in reducing clone sizes of mutated hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Streuer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nanni Schmitt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Altrock
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Qingyu Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marie Demmerle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Oblaender
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Palme
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Weimer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georgia Metzgeroth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169, Mannheim, Germany
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Wintering A, Hecht A, Meyer J, Wong EB, Hübner J, Abelson S, Feldman K, Kennedy VE, Peretz CAC, French DL, Maguire JA, Jobaliya C, Vasquez MR, Desai S, Dulman R, Nemecek E, Haines H, Hammad M, El Haddad A, Kogan SC, Abdullaev Z, Chehab FF, Tasian SK, Smith CC, Loh ML, Stieglitz E. LNK/ SH2B3 as a novel driver in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2023. [PMID: 38152053 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in five canonical Ras pathway genes (NF1, NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11 and CBL) are detected in nearly 90% of patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a frequently fatal malignant neoplasm of early childhood. In this report, we describe seven patients diagnosed with SH2B3-mutated JMML, including five patients who were found to have initiating, loss of function mutations in the gene. SH2B3 encodes the adaptor protein LNK, a negative regulator of normal hematopoiesis upstream of the Ras pathway. These mutations were identified to be germline, somatic or a combination of both. Loss of function of LNK, which has been observed in other myeloid malignancies, results in abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic cells due to cytokine hypersensitivity and activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. In vitro studies of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived JMML-like hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) also demonstrated sensitivity of SH2B3- mutated HPCs to JAK inhibition. Lastly, we describe two patients with JMML and SH2B3 mutations who were treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. This report expands the spectrum of initiating mutations in JMML and raises the possibility of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in patients with SH2B3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wintering
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München
| | - Julia Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Eric B Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Juwita Hübner
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Sydney Abelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kira Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Vanessa E Kennedy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Cheryl A C Peretz
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chintan Jobaliya
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Marta Rojas Vasquez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Sunil Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Robin Dulman
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, VA 22031
| | - Eneida Nemecek
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Hilary Haines
- Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Mahmoud Hammad
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa El Haddad
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Scott C Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Farid F Chehab
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Catherine C Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and the Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105.
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospitals, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.
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Heidenreich D, Hansen E, Kreil S, Nolte F, Jawhar M, Hecht A, Hofmann W, Klein SA. The insertion site is the main risk factor for central venous catheter-related complications in patients with hematologic malignancies. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:303-310. [PMID: 34978721 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Central venous catheters (CVC) placed either via the internal jugular vein (IJV) or the subclavian vein (SCV) are routinely used in patients with hematologic malignancies. In this retrospective study, we systematically compared CVC-associated complications for both insertion sites, IJV and SCV. Between January 2011 and June 2013, all consecutive patients (n = 87) were included with at least one CVC (n = 153; n = 94 IJV; n = 59 SCV) at our institution due to induction/consolidation for AML/ALL or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Primary study endpoints were central line-associated (CLABSI), catheter-related (CRBSI) blood stream infections and local inflammation (LI) at the insertion site. CRBSI occurred earlier and more frequently in the IJV- versus the SCV-group with an incidence rate of CRBSI at day 15 of 10% versus 0% (p = .04) and a rate of CRBSI per 1000 CVC days of 5.7 versus 1.2. In addition, CLABSI was detected more often in IJV- compared to SCV-CVC (26% vs. 8%, p = .009). Conversely, LI occurred more frequently and earlier in SCV- versus IJV-CVC (88% vs. 56%, p < .0001) with a median time to LI of 9 versus 14 days (p < .0001). The strongest risk factor for the endpoints CRBSI, CLABSI, and LI was the insertion site. However, SCV insertion was a risk factor for LI (p = .001, HR: 2.0), insertion in the IJV a risk factor for CLABSI (p = .044, HR: 2.7) and CRBSI (p = .036, HR: 5.4). These results demonstrate a differential effect of the insertion site of CVC in neutropenic patients with a significantly reduced frequency of CVC-related blood stream infections in SCV-CVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Heidenreich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Eleonore Hansen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreil
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Wolf‐Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Stefan A. Klein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
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Shmoish M, German A, Devir N, Hecht A, Butler G, Niklasson A, Albertsson-Wikland K, Hochberg Z. Prediction of Adult Height by Machine Learning Technique. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2700-e2710. [PMID: 33606028 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prediction of AH is frequently undertaken in the clinical setting. The commonly used methods are based on the assessment of skeletal maturation. Predictive algorithms generated by machine learning, which can already automatically drive cars and recognize spoken language, are the keys to unlocking data that can precisely inform the pediatrician for real-time decision making. OBJECTIVE To use machine learning (ML) to predict adult height (AH) based on growth measurements until age 6 years. METHODS Growth data from 1596 subjects (798 boys) aged 0-20 years from the longitudinal GrowUp 1974 Gothenburg cohort were utilized to train multiple ML regressors. Of these, 100 were used for model comparison, the rest was used for 5-fold cross-validation. The winning model, random forest (RF), was first validated on 684 additional subjects from the 1974 cohort. It was additionally validated using 1890 subjects from the GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg cohort and 145 subjects from the Edinburgh Longitudinal Growth Study cohort. RESULTS RF with 51 regression trees produced the most accurate predictions. The best predicting features were sex and height at age 3.4-6.0 years. Observed and predicted AHs were 173.9 ± 8.9 cm and 173.9 ± 7.7 cm, respectively, with prediction average error of -0.4 ± 4.0 cm. Validation of prediction for 684 GrowUp 1974 children showed prediction accuracy r = 0.87 between predicted and observed AH (R2 = 0.75). When validated on the 1990 Gothenburg and Edinburgh cohorts (completely unseen by the learned RF model), the prediction accuracy was r = 0.88 in both cases (R2 = 0.77). AH in short children was overpredicted and AH in tall children was underpredicted. Prediction absolute error correlated negatively with AH (P < .0001). CONCLUSION We show successful, validated ML of AH using growth measurements before age 6 years. The most important features for prediction were sex, and height at age 3.4-6.0. Prediction errors result in over- or underestimates of AH for short and tall subjects, respectively. Prediction by ML can be generalized to other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shmoish
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, The Lokey Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alina German
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Clalit Health Service, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nurit Devir
- Computer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Hecht
- Computer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gary Butler
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Aimon Niklasson
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland
- Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ze'ev Hochberg
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Gupta A, Cha T, Schwab J, Fogel H, Tobert D, Cho S, Hecht A, Bono CM, Hershman S. Males Have Higher Rates of Peri-operative Mortality Following Surgery for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:699-704. [PMID: 32929524 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we evaluated the association between sex and the incidence of postoperative mortality in the peri-operative period following surgical intervention for OVCF. We found no statistical association between surgical complications and patient sex. However, males exhibited higher rates of mortality and 30-day readmissions relative to females. INTRODUCTION Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) contribute substantially to the financial burden of the US healthcare system. As the size of the elderly population grows, the number of fractures attributed to osteoporosis is expected to increase. Studies have shown that osteoporotic patients are at an increased risk for medical and surgical complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between sex and the incidence of postoperative mortality in the peri-operative period following surgical intervention for OVCF. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2007 to 2014 identified 1979 patients. Patients were grouped as male or female. Mortality within 30 days of surgery due to any cause, incidence of surgical complications, and 30-day readmission rates following surgery were tabulated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) with corresponding p values and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In total, 1979 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mortality within the 30 days following surgery for OVCF was statistically greater in men than in women (OR = 1.58; p = 0.050). The 30-day readmission rate was also statistically higher in men (OR = 1.41; p = 0.017). Neither minor (OR = 0.90; p = 0.560) nor major (OR = 1.14; p = 0.569) complications were statistically correlated with sex. On average, men underwent surgery for OVCF at a younger age than women. CONCLUSIONS Male patients undergoing surgery for OVCF have higher rates of peri-operative mortality and 30-day readmissions following surgery. Sex was not found to be associated with postoperative complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, 425 West 59th St., New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - T Cha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA
| | - J Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA
| | - H Fogel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA
| | - D Tobert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA
| | - S Cho
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, 425 West 59th St., New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - A Hecht
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, East 98th St., New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - C M Bono
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA
| | - S Hershman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, MA, 02114, Boston, USA.
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Hecht A, Meyer JA, Behnert A, Wong E, Chehab F, Olshen A, Hechmer A, Aftandilian C, Bhat R, Choi SW, Chonat S, Farrar JE, Fluchel M, Frangoul H, Han JH, Kolb EA, Kuo DJ, MacMillan ML, Maese L, Maloney KW, Narendran A, Oshrine B, Schultz KR, Sulis ML, Van Mater D, Tasian SK, Hofmann WK, Loh ML, Stieglitz E. Molecular and phenotypic diversity of CBL-mutated juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2020; 107:178-186. [PMID: 33375775 PMCID: PMC8719097 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.270595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CBL gene were first identified in adults with various myeloid malignancies. Some patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) were also noted to harbor mutations in CBL, but were found to have generally less aggressive disease courses compared to patients with other forms of Ras pathway-mutant JMML. Importantly, and in contrast to most reports in adults, the majority of CBL mutations in JMML patients are germline with acquired uniparental disomy occurring in affected marrow cells. Here, we systematically studied a large cohort of 33 JMML patients with CBL mutations and found that this disease is highly diverse in presentation and overall outcome. Moreover, we discovered somatically acquired CBL mutations in 15% of pediatric patients who presented with more aggressive disease. Neither clinical features nor methylation profiling were able to distinguish patients with somatic CBL mutations from those with germline CBL mutations, highlighting the need for germline testing. Overall, we demonstrate that disease courses are quite heterogeneous even among patients with germline CBL mutations. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to find ideal treatment strategies for this diverse cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Julia A Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Astrid Behnert
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Eric Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Farid Chehab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Adam Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California
| | - Aaron Hechmer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - Rukhmi Bhat
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sung Won Choi
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Satheesh Chonat
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason E Farrar
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Mark Fluchel
- University of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Haydar Frangoul
- The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial and Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer H Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego/ Rady Children's Hospital San Diego
| | - Edward A Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Dennis J Kuo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego/ Rady Children's Hospital San Diego
| | - Margaret L MacMillan
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Luke Maese
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Aru Narendran
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta
| | | | - Kirk R Schultz
- British Columbia Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Maria L Sulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. 1275 York Avenue. 10065 New York, NY
| | - David Van Mater
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.
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Jann JC, Streuer A, Hecht A, Nolte F, Nowak V, Danner J, Obländer J, Palme I, Lengfelder E, Platzbecker U, Hofmann WK, Flach J, Nowak D. RNA-sequencing of acute promyelocytic leukemia primary blasts reveals novel molecular biomarkers of early death events. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:3066-3077. [PMID: 32723198 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1797006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has evolved to the AML entity with the best prognosis, typical 'early death' (ED) events still account for mortality rates of ∼20% in population-based studies. To investigate this poorly understood issue we performed whole transcriptome analysis of n = 7 APL ED cases compared to n = 7 APL cases with long term remission. We discovered the proteins S100A8/S100A9 and EFEMP1 as the most differentially expressed factors. In an independent cohort of n = 58 APL patients EFEMP1 over-expression was associated with a worse overall survival. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis of ED caused by hemorrhagic complications revealed an association of metallothioneins (MT1G/MT1E) with higher bleeding rates, ED events and negative prognostic effects on overall survival. Finally, we identified a novel TPM4-KLF2 fusion transcripts in 44/64 APL samples. In summary, we report a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis and novel potential biomarkers of ED biology, which highlight novel pathways in ED events in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Streuer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Justine Danner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Obländer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Palme
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Lengfelder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Flach
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Chao AK, Meyer JA, Lee AG, Hecht A, Tarver T, Van Ziffle J, Koegel AK, Golden C, Braun BS, Sweet-Cordero EA, Smith CC, Dvorak CC, Loh ML, Stieglitz E. Fusion driven JMML: a novel CCDC88C-FLT3 fusion responsive to sorafenib identified by RNA sequencing. Leukemia 2020; 34:662-666. [PMID: 31511612 PMCID: PMC6995757 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex G Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Tarver
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Van Ziffle
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley K Koegel
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carla Golden
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine C Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Hecht A, Meyer J, Chehab FF, White KL, Magruder K, Dvorak CC, Loh ML, Stieglitz E. Molecular assessment of pretransplant chemotherapy in the treatment of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27948. [PMID: 31347788 PMCID: PMC6754267 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the intensity of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), relapse remains the most common cause of death in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). In contrast to other leukemias where therapy is used to reduce leukemic burden prior to transplant, many patients with JMML proceed directly to HCT with active disease. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether pre-HCT therapy has an effect on the molecular burden of disease and how this affects outcome post-HCT. PROCEDURE Twenty-one patients with JMML who received pre-HCT therapy and were transplanted at UCSF were analyzed in this study. The mutant allele frequency of the driver mutation was assessed before and after pre-HCT therapy, using custom amplicon next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Of the 21 patients, seven patients (33%) responded to therapy with a significant reduction in their mutant allele frequency and were classified as molecular responders. Six of these patients received moderate-intensity chemotherapy, one patient received only azacitidine. The 5-year progression-free survival after HCT of molecular responders was 100% versus 61% for nonresponders (P = .12). Survival of molecular nonresponders was not improved by use of high-intensity conditioning, but patients were salvaged if they experienced severe graft versus host disease. There were no baseline clinical characteristics that were associated with response to pre-HCT therapy. CONCLUSIONS Despite the myelodysplastic nature of JMML, patients treated with pre-HCT therapy can achieve molecular remissions. These patients experienced a trend toward improved outcomes post-HCT. Importantly, molecular testing can be helpful to distinguish between responders and nonresponders and should become an integral part of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Julia Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Farid F. Chehab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kristie L. White
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kevin Magruder
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher C. Dvorak
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mignon L. Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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10
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Cosgun KN, Hecht A, Yang X, Mangolini M, Aghajanirefah A, Xiao G, Sadras T, Chen Z, Klemm L, Geng H, Hong C, Song Q, Zeng D, Jumaa H, Zeng D, Clevers H, Muschen M. Abstract 4515: Lgr5 mediates positive B-cell selection and is critical for initiation and survival of B-cell malignancies. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: In B-cell leukemia and lymphoma, leukemia initiating cells occur at a high frequency (Rehe 2013), are phenotypically diverse (Aoki 2015) and can arise from any stage of B-cell development (Le Viseur 2008). Unlike stem cells, where self-renewal is regulated by a developmental hierarchy, in the B-cell lineage, positive selection events, i.e. induced by antigen-receptor (BCR) signaling dictates their ability to self-renew. Leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is a Wnt target gene and through binding to its ligand R-spondin, Lgr5 modulates Wnt signaling strength. Lgr5 is widely used as stem cell marker in multiple epithelial tissues, however the role of Lgr5 in hematopoietic cells was not explored. Results: Upon successful completion of immunoglobulin V(D)J gene recombination and first encounter of antigen represent key events in the life of a B-cell that promote survival and positive selection. Here, we found that both events result in upregulation of Lgr5 expression in B cell precursors in the bone marrow and germinal center B cells. Likewise, engagement of BCR signaling on B-cell lymphomas and oncogenic BCR-signaling mimics in leukemia strongly increased LGR5 expression, which was sensitive to inhibition of SYK and BTK kinases in the BCR pathway.In patients with B-cell leukemia, higher than median mRNA levels of LGR5 at the time of diagnosis were associated with poor clinical outcome and higher likelihood of drug-resistance and relapse. Inducible ablation of Lgr5 during earliest stages of B-cell development resulted in a >100-fold reduction of absolute B-cell numbers. Studies in epithelial cells suggest a role of Lgr5 as potentiator of WNT-signaling. However, deletion of Lgr5 in B cells caused cell death in parallel with massive accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and increased expression of β -catenin target genes. Deletion of Lgr5 abolished colony forming capacity and reduced the ability of leukemia cells to initiate fatal disease in transplant recipients. Likewise, inducible activation of a gain-of-function mutant of β-catenin resulted in rapid cell death in normal and malignant B cells. Conclusion: Lgr5-expression and positive B-cell selection is induced by BCR-engagement by antigen or oncogenic mimics of BCR signaling in B-cell malignancies (e.g. transforming oncogenes that engage the BCR pathway). Unlike in epithelial cells, LGR5 expression in B cells restricts the levels of nuclear β-catenin and enables B-cell survival and transformation through negative regulation of Wnt-signaling. Targeting Lgr5 using a novel Lgr5-ADC seems promising to deplete B-cell leukemia- and lymphoma-initiating cells.
Citation Format: Kadriye Nehir Cosgun, Anna Hecht, Xin Yang, Maurizio Mangolini,, Ali Aghajanirefah, Gang Xiao, Teresa Sadras, Zhengshan Chen, Lars Klemm, Huimin Geng, Chao Hong, Qingxiao Song, Deye Zeng, Hassan Jumaa, Defu Zeng, Hans Clevers, Markus Muschen. Lgr5 mediates positive B-cell selection and is critical for initiation and survival of B-cell malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4515.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Hecht
- 1Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, CA
| | | | | | | | - Gang Xiao
- 1Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, CA
| | | | | | - Lars Klemm
- 1Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, CA
| | | | | | | | - Deye Zeng
- 1Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, CA
| | | | - Defu Zeng
- 1Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, CA
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Lengfelder E, Görlich D, Nowak D, Spiekermann K, Haferlach C, Krug U, Kreuzer KA, Braess J, Schliemann C, Lindemann HW, Horst HA, Schiel X, Flasshove M, Hecht A, Schnittger S, Schneider S, Wörmann B, Hofmann WK, Berdel WE, Bormann E, Sauerland C, Büchner T, Hiddemann W. Frontline therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Randomized comparison of ATRA and intensified chemotherapy versus ATRA and anthracyclines. Eur J Haematol 2017; 100:154-162. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lengfelder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Internal Medicine III; University Hospital Grosshadern; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | | | - Utz Krug
- Department of Medicine A; Hematology-Oncology; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Kreuzer
- Department I of Internal Medicine; University at Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Jan Braess
- Community Hospital Barmherzige Brüder; Regensburg Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A; Hematology-Oncology; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | | | | | - Xaver Schiel
- Community Hospital München-Harlaching; Munich Germany
| | | | - Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Schneider
- Internal Medicine III; University Hospital Grosshadern; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Bernhard Wörmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A; Hematology-Oncology; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Eike Bormann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Cristina Sauerland
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Thomas Büchner
- Department of Medicine A; Hematology-Oncology; University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Internal Medicine III; University Hospital Grosshadern; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Munich Germany
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Hecht A, Doll S, Altmann H, Nowak D, Lengfelder E, Röllig C, Ehninger G, Spiekermann K, Hiddemann W, Weiß C, Hofmann WK, Nolte F, Platzbecker U. Validation of a Molecular Risk Score for Prognosis of Patients With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treated With All-trans Retinoic Acid and Chemotherapy-containing Regimens. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2017; 17:889-896.e5. [PMID: 28923666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has evolved dramatically during the past decades, especially with the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid, risk stratification remains an important issue. To date, relapse risk can be predicted by leukocyte and platelet counts only. In the present report, we present a validation study on 3 candidate genes and a newly developed molecular risk score for APL in 2 independent patient cohorts. PATIENTS AND METHODS An integrative risk score combining the expression levels of BAALC, ERG, and WT1 was calculated for 79 de novo APL patients from the original cohort and 76 de novo APL patients from a validation cohort. Gene expression analysis was executed the same for both cohorts, and the results regarding the effect on patient outcomes were compared. RESULTS The expression levels of BAALC, ERG, and WT1 were similar in both cohorts compared with the healthy controls. The relapse and survival rates were not different between the low- and high-risk patients according to the Sanz score. However, application of the molecular risk score on the validation cohort distinctly discriminated patients according to their risk of relapse and death just as in the original APL cohort, although single gene analyses could not reproduce the negative prognostic impact. CONCLUSION The analysis clearly validated the prognostic effect of the integrative risk score on the outcome in APL patients. The value was further empowered because the single gene analyses did not show similar results. Whether the integrative risk score retains its prognostic power in the chemotherapy-free setting should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Seraphina Doll
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heidi Altmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Lengfelder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Röllig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Department for Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Hecht A, Mezger J, Gnadler M, Lengfelder E. Sehr schweres Differenzierungssyndrom bei Niedrigrisiko akuter Promyelozytenleukämie – eine Tücke der differenzierenden Therapie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2017; 142:111-114. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hecht
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie, Mannheim
| | - Joerg Mezger
- St. Vincentius Kliniken, Abteilung für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie und Palliativmedizin, Karlsruhe
| | - Martina Gnadler
- St. Vincentius Kliniken, Abteilung für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie und Palliativmedizin, Karlsruhe
| | - Eva Lengfelder
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie, Mannheim
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Probst A, Reimers N, Hecht A, Langenhan R. [Geriatric Proximal Femoral Fracture and Urinary Tract Infection - Considerations for Perioperative Infection Prophylaxis]. Z Orthop Unfall 2016; 154:477-482. [PMID: 27294479 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Perioperative infection prophylaxis with cephalosporins is standard in surgical treatment of proximal femoral fractures (PFF). Geriatric patients (pat.) are at risk of chronic infections and the bacteria from these can lead to unknown hygienic problems in an early operation. We therefore characterised the colonisation of the urinary tract in pat. (≥ 65 years) with PFF and observed bacterial development in deep wound infections over a period of 10 years. The aim was to discover gaps in perioperative infection prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: Between September 2013 and November 2015, colonisation of the urinary tract and microbial resistance were investigated on admission of all pat. (≥ 65 years) with the diagnosis of PFF (n = 351; f/m 263/88; median age [∅] 83.57 [65-100] years). Between 2005 and 2014, 2161 pat. with a PFF were operated in our clinic (f/m 1623/538; ∅ 82.35 [65-101] years). 991 pat. (∅ 81.84 [65-101] years) with femoral neck fracture [FNF] were treated with endoprosthesis/osteosynthesis, 1170 pat. (∅ 82,78 [65-101] years) with per-/subtrochanteric fracture [PTF] were treated with osteosynthesis. In a retrospective data analysis, deep wound infections, microbiological composition and changes in microbial resistances over time were identified. Results: Bacteriuria (BU) was detected in the urine sediment of 35.61 % (n = 125) of our pat. In 47.2 % of these pat., BU was accompanied by laboratory signs of manifest urinary tract infection. In 10.4 % of these pat., colonisation of the urinary tract with multi-resistant pathogens was detected; 26.4 % were resistant to cefuroxime. The rate of deep infections in pat. with endoprosthesis/osteosynthesis in FNF was 2.8 % (n = 28; f/m 19/9; ∅ 81.35 [67-92] years), with osteosynthesis in PTF 1,1 % (n = 14; f/m 10/4; ∅ 81.0 [70-91] years). A comparison of the periods 2005-2009 and 2010-2014 showed a shift in the spectrum of pathogens from cephalosporin-sensitive to cephalosporin-resistant enterococci. Resistance of pathogens against cephalosporins increased from 43 to 81 %. Conclusion: We found an increasing risk in geriatric pat. from multiresistant pathogens in the urinary tract and from an increase in the cephalosporin resistance of pathogens in urinary tract infections and in deep wound infections. This indicates that perioperative infection prophylaxis with a cephalosporin is not effective. Especially in nursing homes, development of resistance to antibiotics is an increasing problem. Thus, concepts of perioperative infection prophylaxis in geriatric patients should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Probst
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz
| | - N Reimers
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz
| | - A Hecht
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz
| | - R Langenhan
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverbund Landkreis Konstanz
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15
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Langenhan R, Hecht A, Bushuven S, Reimers N, Probst A. [Intramedullary Stabilisation of Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures in Heavy Workers and Complex Fracture Pattern]. Z Orthop Unfall 2016; 154:275-80. [PMID: 26871539 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medical literature recommends plate osteosynthesis (PO) for complex displaced midshaft clavicular fractures (DMCF) OTA type 15B3 and for heavy workers with displaced clavicular fractures. Recovery of DMCF treated with intramedullary stabilisation (IMS) will be examined and compared to published data for duration of inability to work (DIW) after conservative treatment as well as after PO, with respect to the DIW. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 09/2009 and 07/2015, the DIW of 58 patients (8 f, 50 m, mean age 38.4 [20-59] years) with DMCF treated with open reduction and IMS (Titanium Elastic Nail [TEN], Synthes, Umkirch, Germany) was determined. Inclusion criteria were the presence of closed unilateral DMCF and presence of a job with national insurance at the time of accident. DIW was counted in days, starting with the accident, and ending on the last day before resumption of full work. All patients were functionally treated for 6 weeks postoperatively without weights for the shoulder and with a maximum of 90° abduction/flexion. The workload was classified in accordance with REFA criteria: group 0-1 (low physical workload) and group 2-4 (high physical workload). Fracture patterns (simple vs. complex) and postoperative physiotherapy (yes vs. no) were investigated for both REFA groups, as these factors may influence DIW. Fracture classification was performed in accordance with the OTA classification, as simple fractures (OTA type 15B1 and 15B2), and complex fractures (OTA type 15B3). Effects were concerned significant if p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Median DIW was independent of physical workload, with 39.86 (3-150) days (n = 58). Patients with low physical workload (REFA 0-1; n = 33) had shorter duration of DIW, with an average of 32.48 (3-136) days than patients with higher physical workload (REFA 2-4; n = 25), with 49.6 (14-150) days (p = 0.02). The fracture type did not influence this significantly (simple fractures [n = 35]: average 40.54 [3-150] days; complex fractures [n = 23]: average 38.82 [14-136] days, p = 0.85). Within each REFA group, differences in DIW for each fracture type were greater, but did not attain statistical significance. Patients without postoperative PT (n = 30) had a shorter DIW, with an average of 30.5 (3-84) days, than patients with postoperative PT (n = 28), with an average of 49.89 (14-150) days (p = 0.021). Within both REFA groups, DIW changed similarly with postoperative PT, in some cases with statistical significance. CONCLUSION DIW after IMS of DMCF does not depend on the complexity of the fracture. For heavy workers, DIW after IMS is significantly longer than for light physical workers. IMS of DMCF permits immediate pain-adapted movement of the shoulder, with a maximal abduction/flexion up to 90°, no matter what the fracture type. Patients given additional professional PT showed longer DIW than those without such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Langenhan
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverband Landkreis Konstanz
| | - A Hecht
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverband Landkreis Konstanz
| | - S Bushuven
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverband Landkreis Konstanz
| | - N Reimers
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverband Landkreis Konstanz
| | - A Probst
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Gesundheitsverband Landkreis Konstanz
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16
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Hecht A, Nowak D, Nowak V, Hanfstein B, Büchner T, Spiekermann K, Weiß C, Hofmann WK, Lengfelder E, Nolte F. A molecular risk score integrating BAALC, ERG and WT1 expression levels for risk stratification in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:S0145-2126(15)30363-5. [PMID: 26344466 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To date risk stratification in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is based on highly dynamic leukocyte and platelet counts only. To identify a more robust risk stratification model, a molecular risk score was developed based on expression levels of the genes BAALC, ERG and WT1. Hereby, the main focus was on prediction of relapse. The integrative risk score divided patients into two groups with highly significant differences in outcome. It discriminated a high risk group with a high incidence of relapse successfully from a low risk group with no APL-related events after achievement of first remission. Especially the concurrent presence of molecular risk factors showed to be a negative prognostic factor in APL. The molecular risk score might be a promising approach to guide monitoring of APL patients and therapeutic decisions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hecht
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hanfstein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Büchner
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christel Weiß
- Department for Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Lengfelder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Hecht A, Nolte F, Nowak D, Nowak V, Reinwald M, Hanfstein B, Faldum A, Büchner T, Spiekermann K, Sauerland C, Weiss C, Hofmann WK, Lengfelder E. Prognostic importance of expression of the Wilms’ tumor 1 gene in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2289-95. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.990011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nolte F, Hecht A, Reinwald M, Nowak D, Nowak V, Hanfstein B, Faldum A, Büchner T, Spiekermann K, Sauerland C, Hofmann WK, Lengfelder E. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) low BAALC gene expression identifies a patient group with favorable overall survival and improved relapse free survival. Leuk Res 2012; 37:378-82. [PMID: 23287429 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic value of BAALC expression in 86 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). At 10 years, the overall survival (OS) was 66% in all patients and 75% in patients who achieved a complete remission (CR). Patients in the BAALC(low) group showed an OS of 87% as compared to 60% in the BAALC(high) group (p=0.019). This difference was more pronounced in treatment responders (92% vs. 70%; p=0.035). In multivariate analyses low BAALC expression retained its prognostic relevance. In conclusion, BAALC expression analysis might be useful in further risk stratification in APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nowak D, Klaumuenzer M, Hanfstein B, Mossner M, Nolte F, Nowak V, Oblaender J, Hecht A, Hütter G, Ogawa S, Kohlmann A, Haferlach C, Schlegelberger B, Braess J, Seifarth W, Fabarius A, Erben P, Saussele S, Müller MC, Reiter A, Buechner T, Weiss C, Hofmann WK, Lengfelder E. SNP array analysis of acute promyelocytic leukemia may be of prognostic relevance and identifies a potential high risk group with recurrent deletions on chromosomal subband 1q31.3. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:756-67. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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Reifferscheid G, Maes HM, Allner B, Badurova J, Belkin S, Bluhm K, Brauer F, Bressling J, Domeneghetti S, Elad T, Flückiger-Isler S, Grummt HJ, Gürtler R, Hecht A, Heringa MB, Hollert H, Huber S, Kramer M, Magdeburg A, Ratte HT, Sauerborn-Klobucar R, Sokolowski A, Soldan P, Smital T, Stalter D, Venier P, Ziemann C, Zipperle J, Buchinger S. International round-robin study on the Ames fluctuation test. Environ Mol Mutagen 2012; 53:185-197. [PMID: 22246666 DOI: 10.1002/em.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An international round-robin study on the Ames fluctuation test [ISO 11350, 2012], a microplate version of the classic plate-incorporation method for the detection of mutagenicity in water, wastewater and chemicals was performed by 18 laboratories from seven countries. Such a round-robin study is a precondition for both the finalization of the ISO standardization process and a possible regulatory implementation in water legislation. The laboratories tested four water samples (spiked/nonspiked) and two chemical mixtures with and without supplementation of a S9-mix. Validity criteria (acceptable spontaneous and positive control-induced mutation counts) were fulfilled by 92-100%, depending on the test conditions. A two-step method for statistical evaluation of the test results is proposed and assessed in terms of specificity and sensitivity. The data were first subjected to powerful analysis of variance (ANOVA) after an arcsine-square-root transformation to detect significant differences between the test samples and the negative control (NC). A threshold (TH) value based on a pooled NC was then calculated to exclude false positive test results. Statistically, positive effects observed by the William's test were considered negative, if the mean of all replicates of a sample did not exceed the calculated TH. By making use of this approach, the overall test sensitivity was 100%, and the test specificity ranged from 80 to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reifferscheid
- Department of Biochemistry/Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany.
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Hecht T, Hecht A. A DESCRIPTIVE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE OTOLITHS OF THE NEOPTERYGEAN MARINE FISHES OF SOUTH AFRICA PART IV SILURIFORMES AND MYCTOPHIFORMES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00359198109520586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hecht T, Hecht A. A DESCRIPTIVE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE OTOLITHS OF THE NEOPTERYGEAN MARINE FISHES OF SOUTH AFRICA PART II. THE DELIMITATION OF TELEOST ORDERS, SOME SYSTEMATIC NOTES AND A PROVISIONAL NEW PHYLETIC ORDER SEQUENCE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00359197809520237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Seilmaier M, Hecht A, Guggemos W, Adorf D, Gehbauer G. Panzytopenie, Hepatosplenomegalie und Reizhusten nach Mamma-Karzinom. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:1269-73. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Riofrio D, Keyes R, Hecht A, Luan S, Holzscheiter M, DeMarco J, Fahimian B. SU-FF-T-160: Planning Dynamic Particle Therapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Henke D, Hecht A. Chylothorax und Ascites chylosus bei neurinomatöser Hamartie im Bereich des Ductus thoracicus. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hecht A, Zhang M, Perez-Andujar A, Mackie T, DeLuca P. SU-GG-T-329: Investigation of Alpha Particle Beam Therapy as a Lower Neutron Dose Alternative to Proton Beams. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Perez-Andujar A, Hecht A, Mackie T. SU-GG-T-356: Benchmark of Geant4 and MCNPX for Proton Radiation Therapy (E<70 MeV): Total Dose and Secondary Particle Production. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay S, Almehed D, Garg U, Frauendorf S, Li T, Rao PVM, Wang X, Ghugre SS, Carpenter MP, Gros S, Hecht A, Janssens RVF, Kondev FG, Lauritsen T, Seweryniak D, Zhu S. From chiral vibration to static chirality in (135)Nd. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:172501. [PMID: 17995322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic transition probabilities have been measured for the intraband and interband transitions in the two sequences in the nucleus (135)Nd that were previously identified as a composite chiral pair of rotational bands. The chiral character of the bands is affirmed and it is shown that their behavior is associated with a transition from a vibrational into a static chiral regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukhopadhyay
- Physics Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Klingmüller U, Bauer A, Bohl S, Nickel PJ, Breitkopf K, Dooley S, Zellmer S, Kern C, Merfort I, Sparna T, Donauer J, Walz G, Geyer M, Kreutz C, Hermes M, Götschel F, Hecht A, Walter D, Egger L, Neubert K, Borner C, Brulport M, Schormann W, Sauer C, Baumann F, Preiss R, MacNelly S, Godoy P, Wiercinska E, Ciuclan L, Edelmann J, Zeilinger K, Heinrich M, Zanger UM, Gebhardt R, Maiwald T, Heinrich R, Timmer J, von Weizsäcker F, Hengstler JG. Primary mouse hepatocytes for systems biology approaches: a standardized in vitro system for modelling of signal transduction pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 153:433-47. [PMID: 17186705 DOI: 10.1049/ip-syb:20050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex cellular networks regulate regeneration, detoxification and differentiation of hepatocytes. By combining experimental data with mathematical modelling, systems biology holds great promises to elucidate the key regulatory mechanisms involved and predict targets for efficient intervention. For the generation of high-quality quantitative data suitable for mathematical modelling a standardised in vitro system is essential. Therefore the authors developed standard operating procedures for the preparation and cultivation of primary mouse hepatocytes. To reliably monitor the dynamic induction of signalling pathways, the authors established starvation conditions and evaluated the extent of starvation-associated stress by quantifying several metabolic functions of cultured primary hepatocytes, namely activities of glutathione-S-transferase, glutamine synthetase, CYP3A as well as secretion of lactate and urea into the culture medium. Establishment of constant metabolic activities after an initial decrease compared with freshly isolated hepatocytes showed that the cultured hepatocytes achieve a new equilibrium state that was not affected by our starving conditions. To verify the highly reproducible dynamic activation of signalling pathways in the in vitro system, the authors examined the JAK-STAT, SMAD, PI3 kinase, MAP kinase, NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathways. For the induction of gp130, JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation IL6 was used, whereas TGFbeta was applied to activate the phosphorylation of SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3. Both Akt/PKB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were stimulated by the addition of hepatocyte growth factor. The time-dependent induction of a pool of signalling competent beta-catenin was monitored in response to the inhibition of GSK3beta. To analyse whether phosphorylation is actually leading to transcriptional responses, luciferase reporter gene constructs driven by multiple copies of TGFbeta-responsive motives were applied, demonstrating a dose-dependent increase in luciferase activity. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis by the TNF-like cytokine Fas ligand was studied in the in vitro system. Thus, the mouse hepatocyte in vitro system provides an important basis for the generation of high-quality quantitative data under standardised cell culture conditions that is essential to elucidate critical hepatocellular functions by the systems biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Klingmüller
- Boveri Group, Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Puscas I, Coltau M, Baican M, Domuta G, Hecht A. Calcium, carbonic anhydrase and gastric acid secretion. Physiol Res 2002; 50:359-64. [PMID: 11551141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data concerning the action of calcium (Ca) on gastric acid secretion (GAS) indicated that calcium ions increase GAS elicited by gastrin released through a vagal mechanism, and also by a direct effect on parietal cells. Our research showed that the stimulating effect of calcium on gastric acid secretion can be antagonized by verapamil administration, which reduces gastric acid secretion . In the present study we followed the effect induced by administration of calcium and Ca-chelating agents (disodium EDTA) on gastric acid secretion and on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. We selected two groups of healthy volunteers: Group I (n=21) received a single i.v. dose of CaCl2 (15 mg/kg b.w.), whereas Group II (n=22) received a single i.v. dose of disodium EDTA (5 mg/kg b.w.). We determined blood calcium before and after treatment, gastric acid secretion at 2 hours. erythrocyte CA II activity, and CA IV activity in membrane parietal cells, which were isolated from gastric mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsy. Assessment of carbonic anhydrase activity was achieved by the stopped-flow method. In Group I calcium administration increased blood calcium, HCl output, CA II and CA IV activity as compared to initial values. In Group II, disodium EDTA reduced blood calcium, HCl output, CA II and CA IV activity as compared to initial values. The results demonstrated that increased blood calcium and GAS values after calcium administration correlated with the increase of erythrocyte CA II and parietal cell CA IV activity, while disodium EDTA induced a reversed process. Our results also show that cytosolic CA II and membrane CA IV values are sensitive to calcium changes and they directly depend on these levels. Our data suggest that intra- and extracellular pH changes induced by carbonic anhydrase might account for the modulation of the physiological and pathological secretory processes in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- University of Medicine Oradea, Center for Research and Medical Assistance Simleu Silvaniei, Romania.
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Puscas I, Coltau M, Baican M, Pasca R, Domuta G, Hecht A. Vasoconstrictive drugs increase carbonic anhydrase I in vascular smooth muscle while vasodilating drugs reduce the activity of this isozyme by a direct mechanism of action. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2001; 27:53-60. [PMID: 11392054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydration reaction of CO2 and plays a major role in the acid-base balance. We have previously shown that certain vasoconstrictive therapeutic agents increase CA I activity whereas vasodilating drugs reduce the activity of this isozyme by a direct mechanism of action. In this paper we studied the effect of other vasoconstrictive and vasodilating agents on CA I activity in order to elucidate the involvement of vascular smooth muscle CA I in vasoconstrictive and vasodilating processes. We studied the in vitro effects of noradrenaline, prostaglandin F2 alpha, thromboxane A2, leukotriene B4, angiotensin II, vasopressin, indomethacin, prazosin, hydralazine, clonidine, reserpine, prostaglandin I2, indapamide, furosemide, amlodipine, verapamil and irbesartan on purified human red blood cell CA I and vascular smooth muscle CA I isolated from rabbits. In vivo, we selected six groups of five rabbits each, which were administered the following substances in acute experiments: orciprenaline (group 1), desmopressin (group 2), verapamil (group 3), irbesartan (group 4), acetazolamide (group 5) and placebo (control group). Vascular smooth muscle CA I activity and systolic blood pressure were determined and compared with those of the control group. In vitro results showed that all the vasoconstrictive agents studied increased purified and human erythrocyte CA I activity as well as vascular smooth muscle CA I, while vasodilating substances reduced the activity of isozyme by a direct mechanism of action. The same results obtained in vivo showed that activation of vascular smooth muscle CA I increased blood pressure while its inhibition reduced blood pressure. The results of this study suggest that pHi changes, induced by activating or inhibiting CA I in vascular smooth muscle, might be responsible for changes in vascular tonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- Oradea Medical University, Romanian Medical Academy of Sciences, Center for Research and Medical Assistance, Simleu Silvaniei, Romania.
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Puscas I, Ifrim M, Maghiar T, Coltau M, Domuta G, Baican M, Hecht A. Indomethacin activates carbonic anhydrase and antagonizes the effect of the specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide, by a direct mechanism of action. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 39:265-70. [PMID: 11430635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper we investigated the effect of indomethacin, acetazolamide and their combination in vitro and in vivo on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes. METHOD In vitro experiments followed the effect of the two substances at concentrations between 10(-8)-10(-4) M on purified human red cell CA I and II as well as on human gastric mucosa CA IV using dose-response relationships. Kinetic studies were also performed. The effects of single and combined administration of indomethacin and acetazolamide on red cell CA and on gastric acid secretion were studied in vivo. RESULTS Indomethacin, in vitro and in vivo. induces an increase in erythorcyte CA I and CA II activity. Acetazolamide, a specific inhibitor of CA, reduces the activity of CA I and CA II from red cells. Indomethacin completely antagonizes CA activity, i.e. abolishes the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on CA. In humans, an increase or decrease in erythrocyte CA II activity is correlated with an increase or decrease in gastric acid secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that indomethacin, a known cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, is also an activator of CA. Our data also prove that indomethacin is not only an activator of CA but also antagonizes the effect of acetazolamide, a specific inhibitor of this enzyme. In view of the role of CA in acid-base balance as well as the fact that an increase or decrease in its activity is accompanied by an increase or decrease in intra- and extracellular pH, our results suggest that: firstly, CA activation induced by indomethacin might cause changes in COX activity; secondly, PGs are synthetized as a consequence of the changes in COX activity, a hypothesis that requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- University of Medicine Oradea, Romania.
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Puscas I, Coltau M, Gilau L, Baican M, Pasca R, Domuta G, Hecht A. The mechanism of action of angiotensin II is dependent on direct activation of vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I. Int J Clin Lab Res 2001; 30:119-25. [PMID: 11196069 DOI: 10.1007/s005990070010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that angiotensin II increases carbonic anhydrase activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study we investigated in vitro the effect of angiotensin II on carbonic anhydrase I and II from erythrocytes and on arteriolar vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I. We also studied in vitro and in vivo the effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (irbesartan and candesartan) on purified carbonic anhydrase I and II, on vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I and on arterial blood pressure in humans and in animals. In vitro results showed that angiotensin II is a direct and stronger activator of carbonic anhydrase I than II. Angiotensin II receptor blockers reduced mainly carbonic anhydrase I activity and completely antagonized the activating effect of angiotensin II both on purified and on vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I. Our in vivo experiments showed that irbesartan and candesartan are powerful inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase I both in erythrocytes (in humans) and in vascular smooth muscles (in animals). In humans, irbesartan and candesartan progressively reduce arterial blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, in parallel with progressive reduction of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I activity. We believe that angiotensin II could have a dual mechanism of action: (1) angiotensin interacting with its receptor to form a stimulus-receptor complex; (2) the same stimulus directly acts on the carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (which might be coupled with angiotensin II receptors), ensuring an adequate pH for stimulus-receptor coupling for signal transmission into the cell and hence vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- Center for Research and Medical Assistance, Salaj, Romania
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Puscas I, Coltau M, Gilau L, Pasca R, Domuta G, Baican M, Hecht A. Catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction is sensitive to carbonic anhydrase I activation. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:339-45. [PMID: 11262584 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the relationship between alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists and the activity of carbonic anhydrase I and II in erythrocyte, clinical and vessel studies. Kinetic studies were performed. Adrenergic agonists increased erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase as follows: adrenaline by 75%, noradrenaline by 68%, isoprenaline by 55%, and orciprenaline by 62%. The kinetic data indicated a non-competitive mechanism of action. In clinical studies carbonic anhydrase I from erythrocytes increased by 87% after noradrenaline administration, by 71% after orciprenaline and by 82% after isoprenaline. The increase in carbonic anhydrase I paralleled the increase in blood pressure. Similar results were obtained in vessel studies on piglet vascular smooth muscle. We believe that adrenergic agonists may have a dual mechanism of action: the first one consists of a catecholamine action on its receptor with the formation of a stimulus-receptor complex. The second mechanism proposed completes the first one. By this second component of the mechanism, the same stimulus directly acts on the carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (that might be functionally coupled with adrenergic receptors), so that its activation ensures an adequate pH for stimulus-receptor coupling for signal transduction into the cell, resulting in vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- Romanian Medical Academy, Center for Research and Medical Assistance, Simleu Silvaniei, Salaj, Romania.
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Puscas I, Gilau L, Coltau M, Pasca R, Domuta G, Baican M, Hecht A. Hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers is parallel with carbonic anhydrase I inhibition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 68:443-9. [PMID: 11061585 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2000.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this article we studied in vitro and in vivo the effect of calcium channel blockers (verapamil and amlodipine) on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I activity, on carbonic anhydrase I isolated from vascular smooth muscles, and on arterial blood pressure values in human beings and in animals. Our in vitro and in vivo results have shown that verapamil and amlodipine are strong inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase I both in erythrocytes (in human beings) and in vascular smooth muscles (in animals). In human beings calcium channel blockers reduce arterial blood pressure in subjects with hypertension and progressively reduce erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I activity. We assume that verapamil and amlodipine possess a dual mechanism of action: the first mechanism consists of their action on calcium channels, and the second mechanism, proposed by us, shows that verapamil and amlodipine inhibit vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I activity with consecutive pH increase. The increase of pH might be an additional factor involved in intracellular calcium influx through calcium channels. This dual mechanism of action would bring new data regarding the hypotensive effect of verapamil and amlodipine, effects that might also be parallel and dependent on carbonic anhydrase I inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- University of Medicine Oradea, Romanian Medical Academy of Sciences, Salaj
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Puscas L, Gilau L, Coltau M, Pasca R, Domuta G, Baican M, Hecht A. Calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure in part by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2000; 14:523-8. [PMID: 11101200 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007893207279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers are a group of drugs used for the treatment of hypertension. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) I detected in vascular smooth muscle and in other cells in the organism has a major role in the acid-base balance and in vascular processes. Our previous work has proven that verapamil inhibits CA activity by a direct mechanism of action. Starting from our results in this article we studied in vitro and in vivo the effect of calcium channel blockers (verapamil and amlodipine) on erythrocyte CA I, on vascular smooth muscles CA I, and on arterial blood pressure values in human and in animals. Our in vitro and in vivo results have proved that verapamil and amlodipine are strong CA I inhibitors both in human erythrocytes and also in vascular smooth muscles in animals. In humans, calcium channel blockers studied here progressively reduce arterial blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, in parallel with progressive lowering of erythrocyte CA I activity in the normal range in normotensive subjects. From our point of view verapamil and amlodipine possess a dual mechanism of action: the first well-known action consists of their action on calcium channels. The second mechanism, suggested by us, directly acts on the vascular smooth muscle CA I isozyme, so that its inhibition should ensure an adequate pH for calcium ions transport through the channels, having as result vasodilation. This double mechanism could explain the hypotensive effect of verapamil and amlodipine, with a mechanism that partially dependent on CA I inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Puscas
- University of Medicine Oradea, Romania.
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Abstract
Wnt molecules control numerous developmental processes by altering specific gene expression patterns, and deregulation of Wnt signaling can lead to cancer. Many Wnt factors employ beta-catenin as a nuclear effector. Upon Wnt stimulation, beta-catenin heterodimerizes with T-cell factor (TCF) DNA-binding proteins to form a transcriptional activator complex. As the activating subunit of this complex, beta-catenin performs dual tasks: it alleviates repression of target gene promoters and subsequently it activates them. Beta-catenin orchestrates these effects by recruiting chromatin modifying cofactors and contacting components of the basal transcription machinery. Although beta-catenin and TCFs are universal activators in Wnt signaling, their target genes display distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. Apparently, post-translational modifications modulate the interactions between TCFs and beta-catenin or DNA, and certain transcription factors can sequester beta-catenin from TCFs while others synergize with beta-catenin-TCF complexes in a promoter-specific manner. These mechanisms provide points of intersection with other signaling pathways, and contribute to the complexity and specificity of Wnt target gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecht
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecht
- Max-Planck Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany
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Hecht A, Vleminckx K, Stemmler MP, van Roy F, Kemler R. The p300/CBP acetyltransferases function as transcriptional coactivators of beta-catenin in vertebrates. EMBO J 2000; 19:1839-50. [PMID: 10775268 PMCID: PMC302022 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.8.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt growth factors regulate a variety of developmental processes by altering specific gene expression patterns. In vertebrates beta-catenin acts as transcriptional activator, which is needed to overcome target gene repression by Groucho/TLE proteins, and to permit promoter activation as the final consequence of Wnt signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional activation by beta-catenin are only poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the closely related acetyltransferases p300 and CBP potentiate beta-catenin-mediated activation of the siamois promoter, a known Wnt target. beta-catenin and p300 also synergize to stimulate a synthetic reporter gene construct, whereas activation of the cyclin D1 promoter by beta-catenin is refractory to p300 stimulation. Axis formation and activation of the beta-catenin target genes siamois and Xnr-3 in Xenopus embryos are sensitive to the E1A oncoprotein, a known inhibitor of p300/CBP. The C-terminus of beta-catenin interacts directly with a region overlapping the CH-3 domain of p300. p300 could participate in alleviating promoter repression imposed by chromatin structure and in recruiting the basal transcription machinery to promoters of particular Wnt target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecht
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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Puscas I, Coltau M, Baican M, Domuta G, Hecht A. Vasodilatory effect of diuretics is dependent on inhibition of vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase by a direct mechanism of action. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2000; 25:271-9. [PMID: 10713865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Five years ago, our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated for the first time that diuretic agents such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride, triamterene and spironolactone inhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA) I, II and renal CA IV by a direct mechanism of action. In this paper we investigate the relationship between diuretics and CA I in the vasodilatory mechanism. Both in vitro (on purified CA I, erythrocyte CA I and smooth muscle CA I) and in vivo (in human and rabbits) we studied the effect of acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, furosemide, amiloride and triamterene on purified CA I, on human erythrocyte CA I, as well as on CA I isolated from vascular smooth muscle. Our results demonstrate that in vitro all diuretics inhibit CA I by a direct mechanism of action. Inhibition reached 100% with acetazolamide, 45% with hydrochlorothiazide, 82% with indapamide, 85% with furosemide, 68% with amiloride and 58% with triamterene. In vivo, similar inhibition of erythrocyte and smooth muscle CA I was obtained, being parallel with a reduction in arterial blood pressure values. Our data show that in addition to their already known mechanisms, diuretics also inhibit CA in vascular smooth muscle. Our results suggest that this mechanism is achieved by means of pH changes induced by CA I inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puscas
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Simleu Silvaniei Center for Research and Medical Care, Salaj, Romania.
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Vogt PK, Aoki M, Bottoli I, Chang HW, Fu S, Hecht A, Iacovoni JS, Jiang BH, Kruse U. A random walk in oncogene space: the quest for targets. Cell Growth Differ 1999; 10:777-84. [PMID: 10616902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P K Vogt
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Hecht A, Litterst CM, Huber O, Kemler R. Functional characterization of multiple transactivating elements in beta-catenin, some of which interact with the TATA-binding protein in vitro. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:18017-25. [PMID: 10364252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.18017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
beta-Catenin, a member of the family of Armadillo repeat proteins, plays a dual role in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and in signaling by Wnt growth factors. Upon Wnt stimulation beta-catenin undergoes nuclear translocation and serves as transcriptional coactivator of T cell factor DNA-binding proteins. Previously the transactivation potential of different portions of beta-catenin has been demonstrated, but the precise location of transactivating elements has not been established. Also, the mechanism of transactivation by beta-catenin and the molecular basis for functional differences between beta-catenin and the closely related proteins Armadillo and Plakoglobin are poorly understood. Here we have used a yeast system for the detailed characterization of the transactivation properties of beta-catenin. We show that its transactivation domains possess a modular structure, consist of multiple subelements that cover broad regions at its N and C termini, and extend considerably into the Armadillo repeat region. Compared with beta-catenin the N termini of Plakoglobin and Armadillo have different transactivation capacities that may explain their distinct signaling properties. Furthermore, transactivating elements of beta-catenin interact specifically and directly with the TATA-binding protein in vitro providing further evidence that a major function of beta-catenin during Wnt signaling is to recruit the basal transcription machinery to promoter regions of Wnt target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecht
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany
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Vleminckx K, Kemler R, Hecht A. The C-terminal transactivation domain of beta-catenin is necessary and sufficient for signaling by the LEF-1/beta-catenin complex in Xenopus laevis. Mech Dev 1999; 81:65-74. [PMID: 10330485 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein involved in cell adhesion and communication. In response to signaling by Wnt growth factors, beta-catenin associates with nuclear TCF factors to activate target genes. A transactivation domain identified at the C-terminus of beta-catenin can stimulate expression of artificial reporter genes. However, the mechanism of target gene activation by TCF/beta-catenin complexes and the physiological relevance of the beta-catenin transactivation domain still remain unclear. Here we asked whether the beta-catenin transactivation domain can generate a Wnt-response in a complex biological system, namely axis formation during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. We show that a chimeric transcription factor consisting of beta-catenin fused to the DNA-binding domain of LEF-1 induces a complete secondary dorsoanterior axis when expressed in Xenopus. A LEF-1-beta-catenin fusion lacking the C-terminal transactivation domain is impaired in signaling while fusion of just the beta-catenin transactivator to the DNA-binding domain of LEF-1 is sufficient for axis-induction. The latter fusion molecule is blocked by dominant negative LEF-1 but not by excess cadherin indicating that all events parallel or upstream of the transactivation step mediated by beta-catenin are dispensable for Wnt-signaling. Moreover, beta-catenin can be replaced by a heterologous transactivator. Apparently, the ultimate function of beta-catenin in Wnt signaling is to recruit the basal transcription machinery to promoter regions of specific target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vleminckx
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108, Freiburg, Germany
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Aoki M, Hecht A, Kruse U, Kemler R, Vogt PK. Nuclear endpoint of Wnt signaling: neoplastic transformation induced by transactivating lymphoid-enhancing factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:139-44. [PMID: 9874785 PMCID: PMC15106 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/1998] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between beta-catenin and LEF-1/TCF transcription factors plays a pivotal role in the Wnt-1 signaling pathway. The level of beta-catenin is regulated by partner proteins, including glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein. Genetic defects in APC are responsible for a heritable predisposition to colon cancer. APC protein and GSK-3beta bind beta-catenin, retain it in the cytoplasm, and facilitate the proteolytic degradation of beta-catenin. Abrogation of this negative regulation allows beta-catenin to translocate to the nucleus and to form a transcriptional activator complex with the DNA-binding protein lymphoid-enhancing factor 1 (LEF-1). This complex is thought to be involved in tumorigenesis. Here we show that covalent linkage of LEF-1 to beta-catenin and to transcriptional activation domains derived from the estrogen receptor or the herpes simplex virus protein VP16 generates transcriptional regulators that induce oncogenic transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts. The chimeras between LEF-1 and beta-catenin or VP16 are constitutively active, whereas fusions of LEF-1 to the estrogen receptor are regulatable by estrogen. These experiments document the oncogenicity of transactivating LEF-1 and show that the transactivation domain normally provided by beta-catenin can be replaced by heterologous activation domains. These results suggest that the transactivating function of the LEF-1/beta-catenin complex is critical for tumorigenesis and that this complex transforms cells by activating specific LEF-1 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoki
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC-239, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
Intercostal lung herniation is a rare complication of trauma, best demonstrated by computed tomography. Most intercostal lung herniations are the result of direct trauma to the chest wall or occur at sites of prior percutaneously placed chest tubes. We present two cases of acquired intercostal lung herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sadler
- Department of Radiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sucrase-isomaltase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase expressions change remarkably during postnatal development in rats. The aim of this study was to explore the role of transacting nuclear proteins, proteins that bind to the SIF1 cis-regulatory element of the sucrase-isomaltase gene and to the CE-LPH1 cis-regulatory element of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene, in this regulation. METHODS Enzyme activity, Northern analysis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to study the relationship of these nuclear proteins to sucrase-isomaltase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene expression in rats during development. RESULTS A rapidly migrating low-molecular-weight SIF1-binding protein was found in suckling animals without sucrase-isomaltase messenger RNA (mRNA), and a higher-molecular-weight-binding protein was found in older animals with expression of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA. Supershift experiments and Western analysis showed that neither protein is Cdx-2, the only previously described SIF1-binding protein. CE-LPH1-binding protein was found only in adult animals (with low lactase activity), and there was no relationship between enzymatic activity and levels of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase mRNA. CONCLUSIONS SIF1-binding proteins may regulate sucrase-isomaltase expression during postnatal development, but CE-LPH1-binding proteins do not seem to regulate lactase-phlorizin hydrolase expression during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecht
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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