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Bahnan W, Wrighton S, Sundwall M, Bläckberg A, Larsson O, Höglund U, Khakzad H, Godzwon M, Walle M, Elder E, Strand AS, Happonen L, André O, Ahnlide JK, Hellmark T, Wendel-Hansen V, Wallin RP, Malmstöm J, Malmström L, Ohlin M, Rasmussen M, Nordenfelt P. Spike-Dependent Opsonization Indicates Both Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Phagocytosis and That Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Can Confer Protection to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808932. [PMID: 35095897 PMCID: PMC8796240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis is an immune mechanism enhanced by opsonization, where typically, more bound antibodies trigger a stronger phagocyte response. Here, we show that Spike-specific antibodies, dependent on concentration, can either enhance or reduce Spike-bead phagocytosis by monocytes independently of the antibody neutralization potential. Surprisingly, we find that both convalescent patient plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies lead to maximum opsonization already at low levels of bound antibodies and is reduced as antibody binding to Spike protein increases. Moreover, we show that this Spike-dependent modulation of opsonization correlate with the outcome in an experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These results suggest that the levels of anti-Spike antibodies could influence monocyte-mediated immune functions and propose that non-neutralizing antibodies could confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Bahnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wrighton
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Bläckberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Hamed Khakzad
- Equipe Signalisation Calcique et Infections Microbiennes, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1282, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Maria Walle
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Söderlund Strand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar André
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kumra Ahnlide
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hellmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Malmstöm
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute for Computational Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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De Marinis Y, Pesola AK, Söderlund Strand A, Norman A, Pernow G, Aldén M, Yang R, Rasmussen M. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by rapid antigen tests on saliva in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2021; 11:1993535. [PMID: 34745449 PMCID: PMC8567870 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2021.1993535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic presents great challenges on transmission prevention, and rapid diagnosis is essential to reduce the disease spread. Various diagnostic methods are available to identify an ongoing infection by nasopharyngeal (NPH) swab sampling. However, the procedure requires handling by health care professionals, and therefore limits the application in household and community settings. Objectives In this study, we aimed to determine if the detection of SARS-CoV-2 can be performed alternatively on saliva specimens by rapid antigen test. Study Design Saliva and NPH specimens were collected from 44 patients with confirmed COVID-19. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test on saliva specimens, we compared the performance of four test products. Results RT-qPCR was performed and NPH and saliva sampling had similar Ct values, which associated with disease duration. All four antigen tests showed similar trend in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, but with variation in the ability to detect positive cases. The rapid antigen test with the best performance could detect up to 67% of the positive cases with Ct values lower than 25, and disease duration shorter than 10 days. Conclusion Our study therefore supports saliva testing as an alternative diagnostic procedure to NPH testing, and that rapid antigen test on saliva provides a potential complement to PCR test to meet increasing screening demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang De Marinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Life Sciences of Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | | | - Astrid Norman
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gustav Pernow
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Aldén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Runtao Yang
- School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zaigham M, Holmberg A, Karlberg ML, Lindsjö OK, Jokubkiene L, Sandblom J, Strand AS, Andersson O, Hansson SR, Nord DG, Tannenberg P. Intrauterine vertical SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case confirming transplacental transmission followed by divergence of the viral genome. BJOG 2021; 128:1388-1394. [PMID: 33638908 PMCID: PMC8013698 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article includes Author Insights, a video abstract available at https://vimeo.com/bjog/authorinsights16682
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaigham
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Holmberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Infection Control, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - M L Karlberg
- Unit for Laboratory Development and Technology Transfer, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O K Lindsjö
- Unit for Laboratory Development and Technology Transfer, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Jokubkiene
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Sandblom
- Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A S Strand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lund University and Regional Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Andersson
- Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S R Hansson
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D G Nord
- Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Tannenberg
- Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Andersson K, Luostarinen T, Strand AS, Langseth H, Gislefoss RE, Forslund O, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Dillner J. Prospective study of genital human papillomaviruses and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1840-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Microbiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Tapio Luostarinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry; Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Anna Söderlund Strand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Microbiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Cancer Registry of Norway; Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research; Oslo; Norway
| | - Randi E. Gislefoss
- Cancer Registry of Norway; Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research; Oslo; Norway
| | - Ola Forslund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Microbiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Malmö; Sweden
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis; Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis; Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg; Germany
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