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Voitsik AM, Muench S, Deising HB, Voll LM. Two recently duplicated maize NAC transcription factor paralogs are induced in response to Colletotrichum graminicola infection. BMC Plant Biol 2013; 13:85. [PMID: 23718541 PMCID: PMC3694029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC transcription factors belong to a large family of plant-specific transcription factors with more than 100 family members in monocot and dicot species. To date, the majority of the studied NAC proteins are involved in the response to abiotic stress, to biotic stress and in the regulation of developmental processes. Maize NAC transcription factors involved in the biotic stress response have not yet been identified. RESULTS We have found that two NAC transcription factors, ZmNAC41 and ZmNAC100, are transcriptionally induced both during the initial biotrophic as well as the ensuing necrotrophic colonization of maize leaves by the hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus C. graminicola. ZmNAC41 transcripts were also induced upon infection with C. graminicola mutants that are defective in host penetration, while the induction of ZmNAC100 did not occur in such interactions. While ZmNAC41 transcripts accumulated specifically in response to jasmonate (JA), ZmNAC100 transcripts were also induced by the salicylic acid analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA).To assess the phylogenetic relation of ZmNAC41 and ZmNAC100, we studied the family of maize NAC transcription factors based on the recently annotated B73 genome information. We identified 116 maize NAC transcription factor genes that clustered into 12 clades. ZmNAC41 and ZmNAC100 both belong to clade G and appear to have arisen by a recent gene duplication event. Including four other defence-related NAC transcription factors of maize and functionally characterized Arabidopsis and rice NAC transcription factors, we observed an enrichment of NAC transcription factors involved in host defense regulation in clade G. In silico analyses identified putative binding elements for the defence-induced ERF, Myc2, TGA and WRKY transcription factors in the promoters of four out of the six defence-related maize NAC transcription factors, while one of the analysed maize NAC did not contain any of these potential binding sites. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a systematic in silico analysis of maize NAC transcription factors in which we propose a nomenclature for maize genes encoding NAC transcription factors, based on their chromosomal position. We have further identified five pathogen-responsive maize NAC transcription factors that harbour putative binding elements for other defence-associated transcription factors in the proximal promoter region, indicating an involvement of the described NACs in the maize defence network. Our phylogenetic analysis has revealed that the majority of the yet described pathogen responsive NAC proteins from all plant species belong to clade G and suggests that they are phylogenetically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Voitsik
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Muench
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Lars M Voll
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Voll LM, Horst RJ, Voitsik AM, Zajic D, Samans B, Pons-Kühnemann J, Doehlemann G, Münch S, Wahl R, Molitor A, Hofmann J, Schmiedl A, Waller F, Deising HB, Kahmann R, Kämper J, Kogel KH, Sonnewald U. Common Motifs in the Response of Cereal Primary Metabolism to Fungal Pathogens are not Based on Similar Transcriptional Reprogramming. Front Plant Sci 2011; 2:39. [PMID: 22645534 PMCID: PMC3355734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During compatible interactions with their host plants, biotrophic plant-pathogens subvert host metabolism to ensure the sustained provision of nutrient assimilates by the colonized host cells. To investigate, whether common motifs can be revealed in the response of primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism toward colonization with biotrophic fungi in cereal leaves, we have conducted a combined metabolome and transcriptome study of three quite divergent pathosystems, the barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei), the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis, and the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, the latter being a hemibiotroph that only exhibits an initial biotrophic phase during its establishment. Based on the analysis of 42 water-soluble metabolites, we were able to separate early biotrophic from late biotrophic interactions by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, irrespective of the plant host. Interestingly, the corresponding transcriptome dataset could not discriminate between these stages of biotrophy, irrespective, of whether transcript data for genes of central metabolism or the entire transcriptome dataset was used. Strong differences in the transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis, glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid biosynthesis, and cell wall metabolism were observed between the pathosystems. However, increased contents of Gln, Asn, and glucose as well as diminished contents of PEP and 3-PGA were common to early post-penetration stages of all interactions. On the transcriptional level, genes of the TCA cycle, nucleotide energy metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis exhibited consistent trends among the compared biotrophic interactions, identifying the requirement for metabolic energy and the rearrangement of amino acid pools as common transcriptional motifs during early biotrophy. Both metabolome and transcript data were employed to generate models of leaf primary metabolism during early biotrophy for the three investigated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Matthias Voll
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Robin Jonathan Horst
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Voitsik
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Doreen Zajic
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Birgit Samans
- Institute of Biometry and Population Genetics, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | - Jörn Pons-Kühnemann
- Institute of Biometry and Population Genetics, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Münch
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalle, Germany
| | - Ramon Wahl
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Applied Biosciences, University of KarlsruheKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandra Molitor
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Alfred Schmiedl
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Waller
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | - Holger Bruno Deising
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalle, Germany
| | - Regine Kahmann
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial MicrobiologyMarburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kämper
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Applied Biosciences, University of KarlsruheKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
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