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Vos M, Hering D, Gessner MO, Leese F, Schäfer RB, Tollrian R, Boenigk J, Haase P, Meckenstock R, Baikova D, Bayat H, Beermann A, Beisser D, Beszteri B, Birk S, Boden L, Brauer V, Brauns M, Buchner D, Burfeid-Castellanos A, David G, Deep A, Doliwa A, Dunthorn M, Enß J, Escobar-Sierra C, Feld CK, Fohrer N, Grabner D, Hadziomerovic U, Jähnig SC, Jochmann M, Khaliq S, Kiesel J, Kuppels A, Lampert KP, Le TTY, Lorenz AW, Madariaga GM, Meyer B, Pantel JH, Pimentel IM, Mayombo NS, Nguyen HH, Peters K, Pfeifer SM, Prati S, Probst AJ, Reiner D, Rolauffs P, Schlenker A, Schmidt TC, Shah M, Sieber G, Stach TL, Tielke AK, Vermiert AM, Weiss M, Weitere M, Sures B. The Asymmetric Response Concept explains ecological consequences of multiple stressor exposure and release. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162196. [PMID: 36781140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our capacity to predict trajectories of ecosystem degradation and recovery is limited, especially when impairments are caused by multiple stressors. Recovery may be fast or slow and either complete or partial, sometimes result in novel ecosystem states or even fail completely. Here, we introduce the Asymmetric Response Concept (ARC) that provides a basis for exploring and predicting the pace and magnitude of ecological responses to, and release from, multiple stressors. The ARC holds that three key mechanisms govern population, community and ecosystem trajectories. Stress tolerance is the main mechanism determining responses to increasing stressor intensity, whereas dispersal and biotic interactions predominantly govern responses to the release from stressors. The shifting importance of these mechanisms creates asymmetries between the ecological trajectories that follow increasing and decreasing stressor intensities. This recognition helps to understand multiple stressor impacts and to predict which measures will restore communities that are resistant to restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Vos
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity Research, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Hering
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany.
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralph Tollrian
- Department of Animal Ecology, Ruhr University Bochum, Evolution and Biodiversity, Germany
| | - Jens Boenigk
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Haase
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Meckenstock
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daria Baikova
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Bayat
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Arne Beermann
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bánk Beszteri
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Phycology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Boden
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Brauer
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Brauns
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Buchner
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Gwendoline David
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany
| | - Aman Deep
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annemie Doliwa
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julian Enß
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian K Feld
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, CAU Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
| | - Una Hadziomerovic
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Jochmann
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shaista Khaliq
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Kiesel
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, CAU Kiel, Germany
| | - Annabel Kuppels
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity Research, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - T T Yen Le
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Armin W Lorenz
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Graciela Medina Madariaga
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Aquatic Microbial Ecology, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Jelena H Pantel
- Ecological Modelling, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hong Hanh Nguyen
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, CAU Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Prati
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Reiner
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Rolauffs
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schlenker
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manan Shah
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Aquatic Microbial Ecology, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Sieber
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ann-Kathrin Tielke
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity Research, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Vermiert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Ruhr University Bochum, Evolution and Biodiversity, Germany
| | - Martina Weiss
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
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