1
|
Witalison EE, Cui X, Hofseth AB, Subramanian V, Causey CP, Thompson PR, Hofseth LJ. Inhibiting protein arginine deiminases has antioxidant consequences. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:64-70. [PMID: 25635139 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.222745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a dynamic, idiopathic, chronic inflammatory condition that carries a high colon cancer risk. We previously showed that Cl-amidine, a small-molecule inhibitor of the protein arginine deiminases, suppresses colitis in mice. Because colitis is defined as inflammation of the colon associated with infiltration of white blood cells that release free radicals and citrullination is an inflammation-dependent process, we asked whether Cl-amidine has antioxidant properties. Here we show that colitis induced with azoxymethane via intraperitoneal injection + 2% dextran sulfate sodium in the drinking water is suppressed by Cl-amidine (also given in the drinking water). Inducible nitric oxide synthase, an inflammatory marker, was also downregulated in macrophages by Cl-amidine. Because epithelial cell DNA damage associated with colitis is at least in part a result of an oxidative burst from overactive leukocytes, we tested the hypothesis that Cl-amidine can inhibit leukocyte activation, as well as subsequent target epithelial cell DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Results are consistent with this hypothesis, and because DNA damage is a procancerous mechanism, our data predict that Cl-amidine will not only suppress colitis, but we hypothesize that it may prevent colon cancer associated with colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Witalison
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| | - Xiangli Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| | - Anne B Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| | - Venkataraman Subramanian
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| | - Corey P Causey
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (E.E.W., X.C., A.B.H., L.J.H.); Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (X.C.); Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida (V.S.); Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida (C.P.C.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (P.R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poudyal D, Cui X, Le PM, Hofseth AB, Windust A, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Schetter AJ, Harris CC, Hofseth LJ. A key role of microRNA-29b for the suppression of colon cancer cell migration by American ginseng. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75034. [PMID: 24130681 PMCID: PMC3794036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of colon cancer cells increases the risk of colon cancer mortality. We have recently shown that American ginseng prevents colon cancer, and a Hexane extract of American Ginseng (HAG) has particularly potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression has been observed in several disease conditions including colon cancer. Using global miR expression profiling, we observed increased miR-29b in colon cancer cells following exposure to HAG. Since miR-29b plays a role in regulating the migration of cancer cells, we hypothesized that HAG induces miR-29b expression to target matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) thereby suppressing the migration of colon cancer cells. Results are consistent with this hypothesis. Our study supports the understanding that targeting MMP-2 by miR-29b is a mechanism by which HAG suppresses the migration of colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiangli Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne B. Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anthony Windust
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Schetter
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lorne J. Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Poudyal D, Le PM, Davis T, Hofseth AB, Chumanevich A, Chumanevich AA, Wargovich MJ, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Windust A, Hofseth LJ. Hexane Fraction of American Ginseng Suppresses Colitis and Colon Cancer—Response. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poudyal
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tia Davis
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anne B. Hofseth
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alena Chumanevich
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexander A. Chumanevich
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael J. Wargovich
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anthony Windust
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lorne J. Hofseth
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina; 2Department of Biological Sciences, 3School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; 4Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and 5Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poudyal D, Cui X, Hofseth AB, Chumanevich A, Chumanevich AA, Wargovich MJ, Windust A, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Hofseth LJ. Abstract LB-168: A hexane fraction of American ginseng suppresses colon cancer associated with colitis. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have a high risk of colon cancer. We have recently shown American Ginseng (AG) suppresses colitis, and prevents colon cancer in mice. In the present study we isolated a Hexane Fraction of AG and found this to have particularly potent anti-oxidant and pro-apoptotic properties. The Hexane Fraction of AG was effective in inducing apoptosis of human epithelial colon cancer cell, HCT-116 and inflammatory cells. As well, this fraction was shown to suppress azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colon cancer. We performed two studies with mice: a short term (Day 35) and long term (Day 50) cancer prevention study. Mice fed the Hexane fraction of AG had significantly less inflammatory and ulcerative lesions, as well as cancerous lesions compared with the vehicle-treated group in both the short and long-term cancer prevention studies. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Hexane fraction of AG has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and prevents the progression of colon cancer in AOM/DSS mouse model. Interestingly, at Day 35, following isolation of CD45- epithelial cells from colons of mice treated with either AOM+DSS+Vehicle or AOM+DSS+Hexane fraction of AG, there was a 24% increase in the putatative tumor suppressor miRNA-16 with treatment with the Hexane fraction of AG. When looking at putative miRNAs with oncogenic properties (miRNA-21 and -155), levels were decreased in epithelial cells by 25% and 12% respectively in the Hexane fraction of AG-treated mice. This study provides additional pre-clincal data, and mechanistic studies that support the possible use of this complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of colitis, and the prevention of colon cancer associated with colitis.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-168. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-168
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony Windust
- 3National Research Council- Institute for National Measurement Standards, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui X, Jin Y, Singh UP, Chumanevich AA, Harmon B, Cavicchia P, Hofseth AB, Kotakadi V, Poudyal D, Stroud B, Volate SR, Hurley TG, Hebert JR, Hofseth LJ. Suppression of DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a juice concentrate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:666-70. [PMID: 22383296 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to many prevalent diseases worldwide, and it is widely accepted that inflammatory molecules contribute to DNA damage. In this ancillary study, we investigated the influence of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) DNA damage. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, subjects were randomly assigned capsules containing placebo, or one of two formulations of the juice powder. Blood was drawn at baseline and after 60 days of capsule consumption. We found DNA damage in isolated PBL is suppressed after consumption of the encapsulated juice powder, and damage was correlated with the level of systemic inflammation. These data suggest a potential health benefit by consuming the juice concentrate capsules through their ability to suppress DNA damage as measured in surrogate tissues (PBL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Poudyal D, Le PM, Davis T, Hofseth AB, Chumanevich A, Chumanevich AA, Wargovich MJ, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Windust A, Hofseth LJ. A hexane fraction of American ginseng suppresses mouse colitis and associated colon cancer: anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic mechanisms. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:685-96. [PMID: 22293630 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with a high colon cancer risk. We have previously reported that American ginseng extract significantly reduced the inflammatory parameters of chemically induced colitis. The aim of this study was to further delineate the components of American ginseng that suppress colitis and prevent colon cancer. Among five different fractions of American ginseng (butanol, hexane, ethylacetate, dichloromethane, and water), a hexane fraction has particularly potent antioxidant and proapoptotic properties. The effects of this fraction were shown in a mouse macrophage cell line (ANA-1 cells), in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6), and in an ex vivo model (CD4(+)/CD25(-) primary effector T cells). A key in vivo finding was that compared with the whole American ginseng extract, the hexane fraction of American ginseng was more potent in treating colitis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model, as well as suppressing azoxymethane/DSS-induced colon cancer. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) labeling of inflammatory cells within the colonic mesenteric lymph nodes was elevated in mice consuming DSS + the hexane fraction of American ginseng. Results are consistent with our in vitro data and with the hypothesis that the hexane fraction of American ginseng has anti-inflammatory properties and drives inflammatory cell apoptosis in vivo, providing a mechanism by which this fraction protects from colitis in this DSS mouse model. This study moves us closer to understanding the molecular components of American ginseng that suppress colitis and prevent colon cancer associated with colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 770 Sumter St., Coker Life Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin Y, Cui X, Singh UP, Chumanevich AA, Harmon B, Cavicchia P, Hofseth AB, Kotakadi V, Stroud B, Volate SR, Hurley TG, Hebert JR, Hofseth LJ. Systemic inflammatory load in humans is suppressed by consumption of two formulations of dried, encapsulated juice concentrate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:1506-14. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
8
|
Cui X, Jin Y, Hofseth AB, Pena E, Habiger J, Chumanevich A, Poudyal D, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Singh UP, Hofseth LJ. Resveratrol suppresses colitis and colon cancer associated with colitis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:549-59. [PMID: 20332304 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits pleiotropic health beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, and cancer-protective activities. It is recognized as one of the more promising natural molecules in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the colon associated with a high colon cancer risk. Here, we used a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of colitis, which resembles human ulcerative colitis pathology. Resveratrol mixed in food ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Resveratrol significantly improves inflammation score, downregulates the percentage of neutrophils in the mesenteric lymph nodes and lamina propria, and modulates CD3(+) T cells that express tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma. Markers of inflammation and inflammatory stress (p53 and p53-phospho-Ser(15)) are also downregulated by resveratrol. Because chronic colitis drives colon cancer risk, we carried out experiments to determine the chemopreventive properties of resveratrol. Tumor incidence is reduced from 80% in mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM) + DSS to 20% in mice treated with AOM + DSS + resveratrol (300 ppm). Tumor multiplicity also decreased with resveratrol treatment. AOM + DSS-treated mice had 2.4 +/- 0.7 tumors per animal compared with AOM + DSS + 300 ppm resveratrol, which had 0.2 +/- 0.13 tumors per animal. The current study indicates that resveratrol is a useful, nontoxic complementary and alternative strategy to abate colitis and potentially colon cancer associated with colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Cui
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 770 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin Y, Hofseth AB, Cui X, Windust AJ, Poudyal D, Chumanevich AA, Matesic LE, Singh NP, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Hofseth LJ. American ginseng suppresses colitis through p53-mediated apoptosis of inflammatory cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:339-47. [PMID: 20179294 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a dynamic, chronic inflammatory condition associated with an increased colon cancer risk. Inflammatory cell apoptosis is a key mechanism regulating ulcerative colitis. American ginseng (AG) is a putative antioxidant that can suppress hyperactive immune cells. We have recently shown that AG can prevent and treat mouse colitis. Because p53 levels are elevated in inflammatory cells in both mouse and human colitis, we tested the hypothesis that AG protects from colitis by driving inflammatory cell apoptosis through a p53 mechanism. We used isogenic p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) inflammatory cell lines as well as primary CD4(+)/CD25(-) effector T cells from p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice to show that AG drives apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. Moreover, we used a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis in C57BL/6 p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice to test whether the protective effect of AG against colitis is p53 dependent. Data indicate that AG induces apoptosis in p53(+/+) but not in isogenic p53(-/-) cells in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 p53(+/+) mice are responsive to the protective effects of AG against DSS-induced colitis, whereas AG fails to protect from colitis in p53(-/-) mice. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling of inflammatory cells within the colonic mesenteric lymph nodes is elevated in p53(+/+) mice consuming DSS + AG but not in p53(-/-) mice consuming DSS + AG. Results are consistent with our in vitro data and with the hypothesis that AG drives inflammatory cell apoptosis in vivo, providing a mechanism by which AG protects from colitis in this DSS mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 770 Sumter Street, Coker Life Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones LE, Ying L, Hofseth AB, Jelezcova E, Sobol RW, Ambs S, Harris CC, Espey MG, Hofseth LJ, Wyatt MD. Differential effects of reactive nitrogen species on DNA base excision repair initiated by the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase. Carcinogenesis 2010; 30:2123-9. [PMID: 19864471 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can cause DNA damage and may also directly modify DNA repair proteins. RNS-modified DNA is repaired predominantly by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which includes the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG). The AAG active site contains several tyrosines and cysteines that are potential sites for modification by RNS. In vitro, we demonstrate that RNS differentially alter AAG activity depending on the site and type of modification. Nitration of tyrosine 162 impaired 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA)-excision activity, whereas nitrosation of cysteine 167 increased epsilonA excision. To understand the effects of RNS on BER in vivo, we examined intestinal adenomas for levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and AAG. A striking correlation between AAG and iNOS expression was observed (r = 0.76, P = 0.00002). Interestingly, there was no correlation between changes in AAG levels and enzymatic activity. We found AAG to be nitrated in human adenomas, suggesting that this RNS modification is relevant in the human disease. Expression of key downstream components of BER, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and DNA polymerase beta (POLbeta), was also examined. POLbeta protein was increased in nearly all adenomas compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, whereas APE1 expression was only increased in approximately half of the adenomas and also was relocalized to the cytoplasm in adenomas. Collectively, the results suggest that BER is dysregulated in colon adenomas. RNS-induced posttranslational modification of AAG is one mechanism of BER dysregulation, and the type of modification may define the role of AAG during carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hussain SP, He P, Subleski J, Hofseth LJ, Trivers GE, Mechanic L, Hofseth AB, Bernard M, Schwank J, Nguyen G, Mathe E, Djurickovic D, Haines D, Weiss J, Back T, Gruys E, Laubach VE, Wiltrout RH, Harris CC. Nitric oxide is a key component in inflammation-accelerated tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7130-6. [PMID: 18757428 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO(*)), an important signaling molecule and a component of inflammatory response, is involved in tumorigenesis. However, the quantity of NO(*) and the cellular microenvironment influences the role of NO(*) in tumor development. We used a genetic strategy to test the hypothesis that an inflammatory microenvironment with an enhanced level of NO(*) accelerates spontaneous tumor development. C. parvum-induced inflammation and increased NO(*) synthase-2 (NOS2) expression coincided with accelerated spontaneous tumor development, mostly lymphomas, in p53-/-NOS2+/+ C57BL6 mice when compared with the controls (P = 0.001). However, p53-/-NOS2-/- mice did not show any difference in tumor latency between C. parvum-treated and control groups. In C. parvum-treated p53-/-NOS2+/+ mice, tumor development was preceded by a higher expression of NOS2 and phosphorylated Akt-Ser(473) (pAkt-Ser473) in spleen, increased cell proliferation measured by Ki-67 IHC in spleen and thymus, and a lower apoptotic index and CD95-L expression in spleen and thymus. C. parvum-treated p53-/-NOS2+/+ mice showed an increase in the number of Foxp3(+) T-reg cells, dendritic cells (DC), as well as increased CD80(+), CD86(+), CD40(+), and CD83(+) on DC in the spleen. Regulatory T-cells (T-reg) and the maturation of DC may modulate tumorigenesis. An increase in the FoxP3(+)T-reg cells in C. parvum-treated p53-/-NOS2+/+ mice indicates a role of NO(*) in the regulation of T-reg cells that may contribute to a protumor shift of the immune environment favoring an accelerated tumor development. These data provide genetic and mechanistic evidence that an inflammatory microenvironment and an increased level of NO(*) can accelerate tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Perwez Hussain
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin Y, Kotakadi VS, Ying L, Hofseth AB, Cui X, Wood PA, Windust A, Matesic LE, Pena EA, Chiuzan C, Singh NP, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Wargovich MJ, Hofseth LJ. American ginseng suppresses inflammation and DNA damage associated with mouse colitis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2351-9. [PMID: 18802031 PMCID: PMC2639244 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a dynamic, idiopathic, chronic inflammatory condition associated with a high colon cancer risk. American ginseng has antioxidant properties and targets many of the players in inflammation. The aim of this study was to test whether American ginseng extract prevents and treats colitis. Colitis in mice was induced by the presence of 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water or by 1% oxazolone rectally. American ginseng extract was mixed in the chow at levels consistent with that currently consumed by humans as a supplement (75 p.p.m., equivalent to 58 mg daily). To test prevention of colitis, American ginseng extract was given prior to colitis induction. To test treatment of colitis, American ginseng extract was given after the onset of colitis. In vitro studies were performed to examine mechanisms. Results indicate that American ginseng extract not only prevents but it also treats colitis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (markers of inflammation) and p53 (induced by inflammatory stress) are also downregulated by American ginseng. Mucosal and DNA damage associated with colitis is at least in part a result of an oxidative burst from overactive leukocytes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that American ginseng extract can inhibit leukocyte activation and subsequent epithelial cell DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Results are consistent with this hypothesis. The use of American ginseng extract represents a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kotakadi VS, Jin Y, Hofseth AB, Ying L, Cui X, Volate S, Chumanevich A, Wood PA, Price RL, McNeal A, Singh UP, Singh NP, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Matesic LE, Auclair K, Wargovich MJ, Hofseth LJ. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 has anti-inflammatory properties and ameliorates colitis in mice by driving effector T cell apoptosis. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1799-806. [PMID: 18567620 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a dynamic, chronic inflammatory condition of the colon associated with an increased colon cancer risk. Ginkgo biloba is a putative antioxidant and has been used for thousands of years to treat a variety of ailments. The aim of this study was to test whether the standardized G.biloba extract, EGb 761, is an antioxidant that can be used to prevent and treat colitis in mice. Here, we show that EGb 761 suppresses the activation of macrophages and can be used to both prevent and treat mouse colitis. Markers of inflammation (iNOS, Cox-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and inflammatory stress (p53 and p53-phospho-serine 15) are also downregulated by EGb 761. Furthermore, we show that EGb 761 reduces the numbers of CD4+/CD25-/Foxp3- effector T cells in the colon. Interestingly, EGb 761 drives CD4+ effector T cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, providing a mechanistic explanation to the reduction in numbers of this cell type in the colon. This current study is in agreement with previous studies supporting a use of EGb 761 as a complementary and alternative strategy to abate colitis and associated colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Kotakadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ying L, Hofseth AB, Browning DD, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Hofseth LJ. Nitric oxide inactivates the retinoblastoma pathway in chronic inflammation. Cancer Res 2007; 67:9286-93. [PMID: 17909036 PMCID: PMC2752153 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease have a high risk of colon cancer. The molecules that initiate and promote colon cancer and the cancer pathways altered remain undefined. Here, using in vitro models and a mouse model of colitis, we show that nitric oxide (NO) species induce retinoblastoma protein (pRb) hyperphosphorylation and inactivation, resulting in increased proliferation through the pRb-E2F1 pathway. NO-driven pRb hyperphosphorylation occurs through soluble guanylyl cyclase/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate signaling and is dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase MEK/ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathways. Our results reveal a link between NO and pRb inactivation and provide insight into molecules that can be targeted in the prevention of the inflammation-to-cancer sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Anne B. Hofseth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Darren D. Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lorne J. Hofseth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ying L, Marino J, Hussain SP, Khan MA, You S, Hofseth AB, Trivers GE, Dixon DA, Harris CC, Hofseth LJ. Chronic inflammation promotes retinoblastoma protein hyperphosphorylation and E2F1 activation. Cancer Res 2005; 65:9132-6. [PMID: 16230367 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to tumorigenesis. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb), in its hyperphosphorylated form, releases E2 promoter binding factor-1 (E2F1), which drives cell proliferation. Here, we show that pRb is hyperphosphorylated in both mouse and human colitis. In turn, pRb hyperphosphorylation is associated with release of E2F1 from pRb, resulting in the activation of E2F1 target molecules involved in proliferation and apoptosis. These observations provide insight into the in vivo mechanisms associated with chronic colon inflammation and increased colon cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ying
- Laboratory of Inflammatory-Driven Carcinogenesis, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|