1
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Mukherjee D, Chakraborty S, Bercz L, D’Alesio L, Wedig J, Torok MA, Pfau T, Lathrop H, Jasani S, Guenther A, McGue J, Adu-Ampratwum D, Fuchs JR, Frankel TL, Pietrzak M, Culp S, Strohecker AM, Skardal A, Mace TA. Tomatidine targets ATF4-dependent signaling and induces ferroptosis to limit pancreatic cancer progression. iScience 2023; 26:107408. [PMID: 37554459 PMCID: PMC10405072 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with high metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a master regulator of cellular stress, is exploited by cancer cells to survive. Prior research and data reported provide evidence that high ATF4 expression correlates with worse overall survival in PDAC. Tomatidine, a natural steroidal alkaloid, is associated with inhibition of ATF4 signaling in multiple diseases. Here, we discovered that in vitro and in vivo tomatidine treatment of PDAC cells inhibits tumor growth. Tomatidine inhibited nuclear translocation of ATF4 and reduced the transcriptional binding of ATF4 with downstream promoters. Tomatidine enhanced gemcitabine chemosensitivity in 3D ECM-hydrogels and in vivo. Tomatidine treatment was associated with induction of ferroptosis signaling validated by increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and decreased GPX4 expression in PDAC cells. This study highlights a possible therapeutic approach utilizing a plant-derived metabolite, tomatidine, to target ATF4 activity in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Mukherjee
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Srija Chakraborty
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lena Bercz
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Liliana D’Alesio
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica Wedig
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Molly A. Torok
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timothy Pfau
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hannah Lathrop
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shrina Jasani
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abigail Guenther
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jake McGue
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Adu-Ampratwum
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stacey Culp
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne M. Strohecker
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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2
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Braggio DA, Costas C de Faria F, Koller D, Jin F, Zewdu A, Lopez G, Batte K, Casadei L, Welliver M, Horrigan SK, Han R, Larson JL, Strohecker AM, Pollock RE. Preclinical efficacy of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor BC2059 for the treatment of desmoid tumors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276047. [PMID: 36240209 PMCID: PMC9565452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in the CTNNB1 gene, leading to a deregulation of the WTN/β-catenin pathway, is a common feature of desmoid tumors (DTs). Many β-catenin inhibitors have recently been tested in clinical studies; however, BC2059 (also referred as Tegavivint), a selective inhibitor of nuclear β-catenin that works through binding TBL-1, is the only one being evaluated in a clinical study, specifically for treatment of desmoid tumor patients. Preclinical studies on BC2059 have shown activity in multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia and osteosarcoma. Our preclinical studies provide data on the efficacy of BC2059 in desmoid cell lines, which could help provide insight regarding antitumor activity of this therapy in desmoid tumor patients. In vitro activity of BC2059 was evaluated using desmoid tumor cell lines. Ex vivo activity of BC2059 was assessed using an explant tissue culture model. Pharmacological inhibition of the nuclear β-catenin activity using BC2059 markedly inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion of mutated DT cells, but with lower effect on wild-type DTs. The decrease in cell viability of mutated DT cells caused by BC2059 was due to apoptosis. Treatment with BC2059 led to a reduction of β-catenin-associated TBL1 in all mutated DT cells, resulting in a reduction of nuclear β-catenin. mRNA and protein levels of AXIN2, a β-catenin target gene, were also found to be downregulated after BC2059 treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that nuclear β-catenin inhibition using BC2059 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for desmoid tumor treatment, especially in patients with CTNNB1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Almeida Braggio
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Costas C de Faria
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David Koller
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Abeba Zewdu
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kara Batte
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lucia Casadei
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Meng Welliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Ruolan Han
- Iterion Therapeutics, INC., Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Larson
- Iterion Therapeutics, INC., Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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3
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Youssef Y, Karkhanis V, Chan WK, Jeney F, Canella A, Zhang X, Sloan S, Prouty A, Helmig-Mason J, Tsyba L, Hanel W, Zheng X, Zhang P, Chung JH, Lucas DM, Kauffman Z, Larkin K, Strohecker AM, Ozer HG, Lapalombella R, Zhou H, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH, Han R, Nurmemmedov E, Nuovo G, Maddocks K, Byrd JC, Baiocchi RA, Alinari L. Transducin β-like protein 1 controls multiple oncogenic networks in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2020; 106:2927-2939. [PMID: 33054136 PMCID: PMC8561281 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.268235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non- Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by a remarkable heterogeneity with diverse variants that can be identified histologically and molecularly. Large-scale gene expression profiling studies have identified the germinal center B-cell (GCB-) and activated B-cell (ABC-) subtypes. Standard chemo-immunotherapy remains standard front-line therapy, curing approximately two thirds of patients. Patients with refractory disease or those who relapse after salvage treatment have an overall poor prognosis highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Transducin b-like protein 1 (TBL1) is an exchange adaptor protein encoded by the TBL1X gene and known to function as a master regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by binding to β-CATENIN and promoting its downstream transcriptional program. Here, we show that, unlike normal B cells, DLBCL cells express abundant levels of TBL1 and its overexpression correlates with poor clinical outcome regardless of DLBCL molecular subtype. Genetic deletion of TBL1 and pharmacological approach using tegavivint, a first-in-class small molecule targeting TBL1 (Iterion Therapeutics), promotes DLBCL cell death in vitro and in vivo. Through an integrated genomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic analyses, we characterized a novel, β-CATENIN independent, post-transcriptional oncogenic function of TBL1 in DLBCL where TBL1 modulates the stability of key oncogenic proteins such as PLK1, MYC, and the autophagy regulatory protein BECLIN-1 through its interaction with a SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) protein supercomplex. Collectively, our data provide the rationale for targeting TBL1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Vrajesh Karkhanis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Frankie Jeney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alessandro Canella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Liudmyla Tsyba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Walter Hanel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xuguang Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Pu Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David M Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zachary Kauffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Karilyn Larkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Hatice G Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | - Kami Maddocks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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4
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Braggio D, Zewdu A, Londhe P, Yu P, Lopez G, Batte K, Koller D, Costas Casal de Faria F, Casadei L, Strohecker AM, Lev D, Pollock RE. β-catenin S45F mutation results in apoptotic resistance. Oncogene 2020; 39:5589-5600. [PMID: 32651460 PMCID: PMC7441052 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is one of the key cascades regulating embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis; it has also been intimately associated with carcinogenesis. This pathway is deregulated in several tumors, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and desmoid tumors. It has been shown that CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations are associated with an aggressive phenotype in several of these tumor types and may be associated with therapeutic tolerance. Desmoid tumors typically have a stable genome with β-catenin mutations as a main feature, making these tumors an ideal model to study the changes associated with different types of β-catenin mutations. Here, we show that the apoptosis mechanism is deregulated in β-catenin S45F mutants, resulting in decreased induction of apoptosis in these cells. Our findings also demonstrate that RUNX3 plays a pivotal role in the inhibition of apoptosis found in the β-catenin S45F mutants. Restoration of RUNX3 overcomes this inhibition in the S45F mutants, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target for malignancies harboring this specific CTNNB1 mutation. While the regulatory effect of RUNX3 in β-catenin is already known, our results suggest the possibility of a feedback loop involving these two genes, with the CTNNB1 S45F mutation downregulating expression of RUNX3, thus providing additional possible novel therapeutic targets for tumors having deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Braggio
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Abeba Zewdu
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Peter Yu
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kara Batte
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Koller
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fernanda Costas Casal de Faria
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lucia Casadei
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dina Lev
- Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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5
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Nair S, Strohecker AM, Persaud AK, Bissa B, Muruganandan S, McElroy C, Pathak R, Williams M, Raj R, Kaddoumi A, Sparreboom A, Beedle AM, Govindarajan R. Adult stem cell deficits drive Slc29a3 disorders in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2943. [PMID: 31270333 PMCID: PMC6610100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations exclusively in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), the only intracellular nucleoside transporter within the solute carrier 29 (SLC29) gene family, cause an expanding spectrum of human genetic disorders (e.g., H syndrome, PHID syndrome, and SHML/RDD syndrome). Here, we identify adult stem cell deficits that drive ENT3-related abnormalities in mice. ENT3 deficiency alters hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell fates; the former leads to stem cell exhaustion, and the latter leads to breaches of mesodermal tissue integrity. The molecular pathogenesis stems from the loss of lysosomal adenosine transport, which impedes autophagy-regulated stem cell differentiation programs via misregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK axis. Furthermore, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and bioenergetics studies identify defects in fatty acid utilization, and alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics can additionally propel stem cell deficits. Genetic, pharmacologic and stem cell interventions ameliorate ENT3-disease pathologies and extend the lifespan of ENT3-deficient mice. These findings delineate a primary pathogenic basis for the development of ENT3 spectrum disorders and offer critical mechanistic insights into treating human ENT3-related disorders. Mutations in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), encoded by SLC29A3, cause a spectrum of human genetic disorders. Here, the authors show altered haematopoietic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell fates in ENT3-deficient mice, due to misregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Avinash K Persaud
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shanmugam Muruganandan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Craig McElroy
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rakesh Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Radhika Raj
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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6
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Braggio D, Koller D, Jin F, Siva N, Zewdu A, Lopez G, Batte K, Casadei L, Welliver M, Strohecker AM, Lev D, Pollock RE. Autophagy inhibition overcomes sorafenib resistance in S45F-mutated desmoid tumors. Cancer 2019; 125:2693-2703. [PMID: 30980399 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoid tumors (DTs) are rare and understudied fibroblastic lesions that are frequently recurrent and locally invasive. DT patients often experience chronic pain, organ dysfunction, decrease in quality of life, and even death. METHODS Sorafenib has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, which has led to the first randomized phase 3 clinical trial devoted to DTs. Concurrently, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of sorafenib efficacy in a large panel of desmoid cell strains to probe for response mechanism. RESULTS We found distinctive groups of higher- and lower-responder cells. Clustering the lower-responder group, we observed that CTNNB1 mutation was determinant of outcome. Our results revealed that a lower dose of sorafenib was able to inhibit cell viability, migration, and invasion of wild-type and T41A-mutated DTs. Apoptosis induction was observed in those cells after treatment with sorafenib. On the other hand, the lower dose of sorafenib was not able to inhibit cell viability, migration, or invasion or to induce apoptosis in the S45F-mutated DTs. The investigation of autophagy showed the dependency of S45F-mutated DTs on this pathway as a part of cell survival mechanism. Significantly, when autophagy was inhibited genetically or pharmacologically in the S45F mutant cell strains, sensitivity to sorafenib was restored. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the response to sorafenib differs when comparing S45F-mutated DTs and T41A-mutated or wild-type DTs. Furthermore, the combination of hydroxychloroquine and sorafenib enhances the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in S45F-mutated DT cells, suggesting that profiling β-catenin status could guide clinical management of desmoid patients who are considering sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Braggio
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Koller
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nanda Siva
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Abeba Zewdu
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kara Batte
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lucia Casadei
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meng Welliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dina Lev
- Department of General Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Program in Translational Therapeutics, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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7
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Yu PY, Lopez G, Braggio D, Koller D, Bill KLJ, Prudner BC, Zewdu A, Chen JL, Iwenofu OH, Lev D, Strohecker AM, Fenger JM, Pollock RE, Guttridge DC. miR-133a function in the pathogenesis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:89. [PMID: 29983640 PMCID: PMC6019219 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcomas are malignant heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal derivation. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is aggressive with recurrence in 80% and metastasis in 20% of patients. We previously found that miR-133a was significantly underexpressed in liposarcoma tissues. As this miRNA has recently been shown to be a tumor suppressor in many cancers, the objective of this study was to characterize the biological and molecular consequences of miR-133a underexpression in DDLPS. Methods Real-time PCR was used to evaluate expression levels of miR-133a in human DDLPS tissue, normal fat tissue, and human DDLPS cell lines. DDLPS cells were stably transduced with miR-133a vector to assess the effects in vitro on proliferation, cell cycle, cell death, migration, and metabolism. A Seahorse Bioanalyzer system was also used to assess metabolism in vivo by measuring glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in subcutaneous xenograft tumors from immunocompromised mice. Results miR-133a expression was significantly decreased in human DDLPS tissue and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR-133a decreased cell proliferation, impacted cell cycle progression kinetics, decreased glycolysis, and increased OXPHOS. There was no significant effect on cell death or migration. Using an in vivo xenograft mouse study, we showed that tumors with increased miR-133a expression had no difference in tumor growth compared to control, but did exhibit an increase in OXPHOS metabolic respiration. Conclusions Based on our collective findings, we propose that in DDPLS, loss of miR-133a induces a metabolic shift due to a reduction in oxidative metabolism favoring a Warburg effect in DDLPS tumors, but this regulation on metabolism was not sufficient to affect DDPLS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0583-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Yu
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,2College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Danielle Braggio
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - David Koller
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Kate Lynn J Bill
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Bethany C Prudner
- 4Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Abbie Zewdu
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - James L Chen
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,5Biomedical Informatics, Internal Medicine in the Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - O Hans Iwenofu
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,6Department of Pathology & Laboratory Services, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Dina Lev
- 7Department of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,8Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Joelle M Fenger
- 9Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- 1Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.,8Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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8
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Zewdu A, Lopez G, Braggio D, Kenny C, Constantino D, Bid HK, Batte K, Iwenofu OH, Oberlies NH, Pearce CJ, Strohecker AM, Lev D, Pollock RE. Verticillin A Inhibits Leiomyosarcoma and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Growth via Induction of Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6. [PMID: 28184331 PMCID: PMC5295762 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1459.1000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) represents a major challenge for the development of effective therapeutics. Comprised of over 50 different histology subtypes of various etiologies, STS subsets are further characterized as either karyotypically simple or complex. Due to the number of genetic anomalies associated with genetically complex STS, development of therapies demonstrating potency against this STS cluster is especially challenging and yet greatly needed. Verticillin A is a small molecule natural product with demonstrated anticancer activity; however, the efficacy of this agent has never been evaluated in STS. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore verticillin A as a potential STS therapeutic. Methods We performed survival (MTS) and clonogenic analyses to measure the impact of this agent on the viability and colony formation capability of karyotypically complex STS cell lines: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The in vitro effects of verticillin A on apoptosis were investigated through annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis and by measuring fluorescently-labeled cleaved caspase 3/7 activity. The impact on cell cycle progression was assessed via cytometric measurement of propidium iodide intercalation. In vivo studies were performed using MPNST xenograft models. Tumors were processed and analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for verticillin A effects on growth (Ki67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3). Results Treatment with verticillin A resulted in decreased STS growth and an increase in apoptotic levels after 24 h. 100 nM verticillin A induced significant cellular growth abrogation after 24 h (96.7, 88.7, 72.7, 57, and 39.7% reduction in LMS1, S462, ST88, SKLMS1, and MPNST724, respectively). We observed no arrest in cell cycle, elevated annexin, and a nearly two-fold increase in cleaved caspase 3/7 activity in all MPNST and LMS cell lines. Control normal human Schwann (HSC) and aortic smooth muscle (HASMC) cells displayed higher tolerance to verticillin A treatment compared to sarcoma cell lines, although toxicity was seen in HSC at the highest treatment dose. In vivo studies mirrored the in vitro results: by day 11, tumor size was significantly reduced in MPNST724 xenograft models with treatment of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg verticillin A. Additionally, IHC assessment of tumors demonstrated increased cleaved caspase 3 and decreased proliferation (Ki67) following treatment with verticillin A. Conclusion Advancement in the treatment of karyotypically complex STS is confounded by the high level of genetic abnormalities found in these diseases. Consequently, the identification and investigation of novel therapies is greatly needed. Our data suggest that verticillin A selectively inhibits MPNST and LMS growth via induction of apoptosis while exhibiting minimal to moderate effects on normal cells, pointing to verticillin A as a potential treatment for MPNST and LMS, after additional preclinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zewdu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - G Lopez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Braggio
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C Kenny
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Constantino
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - H K Bid
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Resonant Therapeutics, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - K Batte
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - O H Iwenofu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - C J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA
| | - A M Strohecker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Lev
- Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R E Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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9
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Bill KLJ, Casadei L, Prudner BC, Iwenofu H, Strohecker AM, Pollock RE. Liposarcoma: molecular targets and therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3711-8. [PMID: 27173057 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma and accounts for approximately 20 % of all adult sarcomas. Current treatment modalities (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) all have limitations; therefore, molecularly driven studies are needed to improve the identification and increased understanding of genetic and epigenetic deregulations in LPS if we are to successfully target specific tumorigenic drivers. It can be anticipated that such biology-driven therapeutics will improve treatments by selectively deleting cancer cells while sparing normal tissues. This review will focus on several therapeutically actionable molecular markers identified in well-differentiated LPS and dedifferentiated LPS, highlighting their potential clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lynn J Bill
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lucia Casadei
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bethany C Prudner
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hans Iwenofu
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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10
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Metabolomic analyses of human tumors and mouse models of cancer have identified key roles for autophagy in supporting mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis. In this review, we highlight data suggesting that autophagy inhibition may be particularly effective in BRAF-driven malignancies. Catalytic BRAF inhibitors have profound efficacy in tumors carrying activating mutations in Braf but are limited by the rapid emergence of resistance due in part to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and heightened rates of oxidative phosphorylation. We suggest that combined inhibition of autophagy and BRAF may overcome this limitation. SIGNIFICANCE Braf(V600E)-driven tumors require autophagy and likely autophagy-provided substrates to maintain mitochondrial metabolism and to promote tumor growth, suggesting that autophagy ablation may improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Strohecker
- Authors' Affiliations:Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick; and
| | - Eileen White
- Authors' Affiliations:Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick; and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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11
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Abstract
The role of autophagy in cancer is complex and context-dependent. Here we describe work with genetically engineered mouse models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in which the tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting function of autophagy can be visualized in the same system. We discovered that early tumorigenesis in Braf(V600E)-driven lung cancer is accelerated by autophagy ablation due to unmitigated oxidative stress, as observed with loss of Nfe2l2/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense. However, this growth advantage is eventually overshadowed by progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic insufficiency, and is associated with increased survival of mice bearing autophagy-deficient tumors. Atg7 deficiency alters progression of Braf(V600E)-driven tumors from adenomas (Braf(V600E); atg7(-/-)) and adenocarcinomas (trp53(-/-); Braf(V600E); atg7(-/-)) to benign oncocytomas that accumulated morphologically and functionally defective mitochondria, suggesting that defects in mitochondrial metabolism may compromise continued tumor growth. Analysis of tumor-derived cell lines (TDCLs) revealed that Atg7-deficient cells are significantly more sensitive to starvation than Atg7-wild-type counterparts, and are impaired in their ability to respire, phenotypes that are rescued by the addition of exogenous glutamine. Taken together, these data suggest that Braf(V600E)-driven tumors become addicted to autophagy as a means to preserve mitochondrial function and glutamine metabolism, and that inhibiting autophagy may be a powerful strategy for Braf(V600E)-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Strohecker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; New Brunswick, NJ USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Rutgers University; Piscataway, NJ USA
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12
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Guo JY, Karsli-Uzunbas G, Mathew R, Aisner SC, Kamphorst JJ, Strohecker AM, Chen G, Price S, Lu W, Teng X, Snyder E, Santanam U, Dipaola RS, Jacks T, Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy suppresses progression of K-ras-induced lung tumors to oncocytomas and maintains lipid homeostasis. Genes Dev 2013; 27:1447-61. [PMID: 23824538 DOI: 10.1101/gad.219642.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) degrades and recycles proteins and organelles to support metabolism and survival in starvation. Oncogenic Ras up-regulates autophagy, and Ras-transformed cell lines require autophagy for mitochondrial function, stress survival, and engrafted tumor growth. Here, the essential autophagy gene autophagy-related-7 (atg7) was deleted concurrently with K-ras(G12D) activation in mouse models for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). atg7-deficient tumors accumulated dysfunctional mitochondria and prematurely induced p53 and proliferative arrest, which reduced tumor burden that was partly relieved by p53 deletion. atg7 loss altered tumor fate from adenomas and carcinomas to oncocytomas-rare, predominantly benign tumors characterized by the accumulation of defective mitochondria. Surprisingly, lipid accumulation occurred in atg7-deficient tumors only when p53 was deleted. atg7- and p53-deficient tumor-derived cell lines (TDCLs) had compromised starvation survival and formed lipidic cysts instead of tumors, suggesting defective utilization of lipid stores. atg7 deficiency reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and increased sensitivity to FAO inhibition, indicating that with p53 loss, Ras-driven tumors require autophagy for mitochondrial function and lipid catabolism. Thus, autophagy is required for carcinoma fate, and autophagy defects may be a molecular basis for the occurrence of oncocytomas. Moreover, cancers require autophagy for distinct roles in metabolism that are oncogene- and tumor suppressor gene-specific.
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13
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Strohecker AM, Guo JY, Karsli-Uzunbas G, Price SM, Chen GJ, Mathew R, McMahon M, White E. Autophagy sustains mitochondrial glutamine metabolism and growth of BrafV600E-driven lung tumors. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1272-85. [PMID: 23965987 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Autophagic elimination of defective mitochondria suppresses oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial function. Here, the essential autophagy gene Atg7 was deleted in a mouse model of BrafV600E-induced lung cancer in the presence or absence of the tumor suppressor Trp53. Atg7 deletion initially induced oxidative stress and accelerated tumor cell proliferation in a manner indistinguishable from Nrf2 ablation. Compound deletion of Atg7 and Nrf2 had no additive effect, suggesting that both genes modulate tumorigenesis by regulating oxidative stress and revealing a potential mechanism of autophagy-mediated tumor suppression. At later stages of tumorigenesis, Atg7 deficiency resulted in an accumulation of defective mitochondria, proliferative defects, reduced tumor burden, conversion of adenomas and adenocarcinomas to oncocytomas, and increased mouse life span. Autophagy-defective tumor-derived cell lines were impaired in their ability to respire and survive starvation and were glutamine-dependent, suggesting that autophagy-supplied substrates from protein degradation sustains BrafV600E tumor growth and metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE The essential autophagy gene Atg7 functions to promote BrafV600E-driven lung tumorigenesis by preserving mitochondrial glutamine metabolism. This suggests that inhibiting autophagy is a novel approach to treating BrafV600E-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Strohecker
- 1Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick; 2Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; and 3Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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14
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Guo JY, Chen HY, Mathew R, Fan J, Strohecker AM, Karsli-Uzunbas G, Kamphorst JJ, Chen G, Lemons JMS, Karantza V, Coller HA, Dipaola RS, Gelinas C, Rabinowitz JD, White E. Activated Ras requires autophagy to maintain oxidative metabolism and tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2011; 25:460-70. [PMID: 21317241 DOI: 10.1101/gad.2016311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 986] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway used by cells to support metabolism in response to starvation and to clear damaged proteins and organelles in response to stress. We report here that expression of a H-ras(V12) or K-ras(V12) oncogene up-regulates basal autophagy, which is required for tumor cell survival in starvation and in tumorigenesis. In Ras-expressing cells, defective autophagosome formation or cargo delivery causes accumulation of abnormal mitochondria and reduced oxygen consumption. Autophagy defects also lead to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite and energy depletion in starvation. As mitochondria sustain viability of Ras-expressing cells in starvation, autophagy is required to maintain the pool of functional mitochondria necessary to support growth of Ras-driven tumors. Human cancer cell lines bearing activating mutations in Ras commonly have high levels of basal autophagy, and, in a subset of these, down-regulating the expression of essential autophagy proteins impaired cell growth. As cancers with Ras mutations have a poor prognosis, this "autophagy addiction" suggests that targeting autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism are valuable new approaches to treat these aggressive cancers.
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15
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Yang Z, Huang B, Strohecker AM, White E, Yang CS. Abstract 3798: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and atorvastatin induce translocation of eGFP-LC3 in immortalized baby mouse kidney cells suggesting of a link between autophagy and apoptosis. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound in green tea, and atorvastatin (ATST), a commonly used cholesterol-lowing medication, have been reported to have cancer preventive activities and to induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of these activities are still unclear. Here we report that EGCG and ATST could induce cell autophagy, which may be linked to the induction of cell apoptosis. In immortalized baby mouse kidney (iBMK) cells that overexpress eGFP-tagged LC3, EGCG at 3, 6 and 12 μM exhibited a dose-dependent induction of the translocation of eGFP-LC3, an indicator of the formation of autophagosomes, as observed by fluorescent microscopy. ATST at 2 and 4 μM also induced the translocation of eGFP-LC3. Western-blot analysis showed that 25 μM EGCG and 4 μM ATST treatment for 24 h induced the appearance of LC3-II, a higher migrating band, indicating the occurrence of autophagy. Beclin +/− iBMK cells also displayed autophagy upon treatment with 25 μM EGCG for 24h, but to a less extent as compared to Beclin +/+ cells. The induction of the appearance of eGFP-LC3 puncta could not be eliminated by addition of superoxide dismutase plus catalase, enzymes that were used to inhibit the auto-oxidation of EGCG and the production of reactive oxygen species. The results suggest that the induction of autophagy is not caused by EGCG auto-oxidation produced oxidative stress. ATST inhibited the proliferation of iBMK cells in 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, but the inhibition was to a less extent in Beclin +/− cells as compared to Beclin +/+ cells. EGCG and ATST treatment resulted in an increase of cleaved caspase 3, a hallmark of cell apoptosis, and a decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Beclin +/+ iBMK cells showed stronger and earlier induction of these apoptotic markers than Beclin +/− cells, indicating that induction of apoptotic marker is correlated to the ability of cells to produce autophagy. EGCG at 25 μM and ATST at 2 μM also induced the appearance of endogenous LC3-II in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. The induction of autophagy may be a key mechanism for EGCG and ATST to inhibit cancer growth and formation (This research is supported by NIH grants CA 120915 and CA 133021).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- 1Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Bridget Huang
- 1Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Eileen White
- 2Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Chung S. Yang
- 1Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
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16
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White E, Karp C, Strohecker AM, Guo Y, Mathew R. Role of autophagy in suppression of inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22:212-7. [PMID: 20056400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial component of the cellular stress adaptation response that maintains mammalian homeostasis. Autophagy protects against neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions, aging, and cancer. This is accomplished by the degradation and intracellular recycling of cellular components to maintain energy metabolism and by damage mitigation through the elimination of damaged proteins and organelles. How autophagy modulates oncogenesis is gradually emerging. Tumor cells induce autophagy in response to metabolic stress to promote survival, suggesting deployment of therapeutic strategies to block autophagy for cancer therapy. By contrast, defects in autophagy lead to cell death, chronic inflammation, and genetic instability. Thus, stimulating autophagy may be a powerful approach for chemoprevention. Analogous to infection or toxins that create persistent tissue damage and chronic inflammation that increases the incidence of cancer, defective autophagy represents a cell-intrinsic mechanism to create the damaging, inflammatory environment that predisposes to cancer. Thus, cellular damage mitigation through autophagy is a novel mechanism of tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen White
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/ErbB2/neu), a receptor tyrosine kinase that is amplified/overexpressed in poor prognosis breast carcinomas, confers resistance to apoptosis by activating cell survival pathways. Here we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of HER-2 is cleaved by caspases at Asp(1016)/Asp(1019) to release a approximately 47-kDa product, which is subsequently proteolyzed by caspases at Asp(1125) into an unstable 22-kDa fragment that is degraded by the proteasome and a predicted 25-kDa product. Both the 47- and 25-kDa products translocate to mitochondria, release cytochrome c by a Bcl-x(L)-suppressible mechanism, and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. The 47- and 25-kDa HER-2 cleavage products share a functional BH3-like domain, which is required for cytochrome c release in cells and isolated mitochondria and for apoptosis induction. Caspase-cleaved HER-2 binds Bcl-x(L) and acts synergistically with truncated Bid to induce apoptosis, mimicking the actions of the BH3-only protein Bad. Moreover, the HER-2 cleavage products cooperate with Noxa to induce apoptosis in cells expressing both Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1, confirming their Bad-like function. Collectively, our results indicate that caspases activate a previously unrecognized proapoptotic function of HER-2 by releasing a Bad-like cell death effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Strohecker
- Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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18
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Dusek RL, Godsel LM, Chen F, Strohecker AM, Getsios S, Harmon R, Müller EJ, Caldelari R, Cryns VL, Green KJ. Plakoglobin deficiency protects keratinocytes from apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:792-801. [PMID: 17110936 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The armadillo family protein plakoglobin (Pg) is a well-characterized component of anchoring junctions, where it functions to mediate cell-cell adhesion and maintain epithelial tissue integrity. Although its closest homolog beta-catenin acts in the Wnt signaling pathway to dictate cell fate and promote proliferation and survival, the role of Pg in these processes is not well understood. Here, we investigate how Pg affects the survival of mouse keratinocytes by challenging both Pg-null cells and their heterozygote counterparts with apoptotic stimuli. Our results indicate that Pg deletion protects keratinocytes from apoptosis, with null cells exhibiting delayed mitochondrial cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. Pg-null keratinocytes also exhibit increased messenger RNA and protein levels of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-X(L) compared to heterozygote controls. Importantly, reintroduction of Pg into the null cells shifts their phenotype towards that of the Pg+/- keratinocytes, providing further evidence that Pg plays a direct role in regulating cell survival. Taken together, our results suggest that in addition to its adhesive role in epithelia, Pg may also function in contrast to the pro-survival tendencies of beta-catenin, to potentiate death in cells damaged by apoptotic stimuli, perhaps limiting the potential for the propagation of mutations and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Dusek
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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