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Vivoli A, Ghislain J, Filali-Mouhim A, Angeles ZE, Castell AL, Sladek R, Poitout V. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals a Role for Reactive Oxygen Species and Peroxiredoxins in Fatty Acid-Induced Rat β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2023; 72:45-58. [PMID: 36191509 PMCID: PMC9797324 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The functional mass of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells expands to maintain glucose homeostasis in the face of nutrient excess, in part via replication of existing β-cells. Type 2 diabetes appears when these compensatory mechanisms fail. Nutrients including glucose and fatty acids are important contributors to the β-cell compensatory response, but their underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms of β-cell proliferation in response to fatty acids. Isolated rat islets were exposed to 16.7 mmol/L glucose with or without 0.5 mmol/L oleate (C18:1) or palmitate (C16:0) for 48 h. The islet transcriptome was assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing. β-Cell proliferation was measured by flow cytometry. Unsupervised clustering of pooled β-cells identified different subclusters, including proliferating β-cells. β-Cell proliferation increased in response to oleate but not palmitate. Both fatty acids enhanced the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial activity. Comparison of proliferating versus nonproliferating β-cells and pseudotime ordering suggested the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxiredoxin signaling. Accordingly, N-acetyl cysteine and the peroxiredoxin inhibitor conoidin A both blocked oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. Our study reveals a key role for ROS signaling through peroxiredoxin activation in oleate-induced β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vivoli
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zuraya Elisa Angeles
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Castell AL, Goubault C, Ethier M, Fergusson G, Tremblay C, Baltz M, Dal Soglio D, Ghislain J, Poitout V. β Cell mass expansion during puberty involves serotonin signaling and determines glucose homeostasis in adulthood. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160854. [PMID: 36107617 PMCID: PMC9675460 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is associated with transient insulin resistance that normally recedes at the end of puberty; however, in overweight children, insulin resistance persists, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms whereby pancreatic β cells adapt to pubertal insulin resistance, and how they are affected by the metabolic status, have not been investigated. Here, we show that puberty is associated with a transient increase in β cell proliferation in rats and humans of both sexes. In rats, β cell proliferation correlated with a rise in growth hormone (GH) levels. Serum from pubertal rats and humans promoted β cell proliferation, suggesting the implication of a circulating factor. In pubertal rat islets, expression of genes of the GH/serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) pathway underwent changes consistent with a proliferative effect. Inhibition of the pro-proliferative 5-HT receptor isoform HTR2B blocked the increase in β cell proliferation in pubertal islets ex vivo and in vivo. Peripubertal metabolic stress blunted β cell proliferation during puberty and led to altered glucose homeostasis later in life. This study identifies a role of GH/GH receptor/5-HT/HTR2B signaling in the control of β cell mass expansion during puberty and identifies a mechanistic link between pubertal obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
| | - Clara Goubault
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Baltz
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
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Goubault C, Castell AL, Ethier M, Tremblay C, Ghislain J, Poitout V. Mechanisms of β-cell Proliferation in Response to Insulin Resistance During Puberty. Can J Diabetes 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Vivoli A, Ghislain J, Filali-Mouhim A, Angeles Z, Castell AL, Sladek R, Poitout V. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals a Role for Reactive Oxygen Species and Peroxiredoxins in Fatty Acid-induced Rat ß-cell Proliferation. Can J Diabetes 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Castell AL, Vivoli A, Tippetts TS, Frayne IR, Angeles ZE, Moullé VS, Campbell SA, Ruiz M, Ghislain J, Des Rosiers C, Holland WL, Summers SA, Poitout V. Very-Long-Chain Unsaturated Sphingolipids Mediate Oleate-Induced Rat β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2022; 71:1218-1232. [PMID: 35287172 PMCID: PMC9163557 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) signaling contributes to β-cell mass expansion in response to nutrient excess, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the presence of elevated glucose, FA metabolism is shifted toward synthesis of complex lipids, including sphingolipids. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sphingolipids are involved in the β-cell proliferative response to FA. Isolated rat islets were exposed to FA and 16.7 mmol/L glucose for 48-72 h, and the contribution of the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway was tested using the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor myriocin, the sphingosine kinase (SphK) inhibitor SKI II, or knockdown of SphK, fatty acid elongase 1 (ELOVL1) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP). Rats were infused with glucose and the lipid emulsion ClinOleic and received SKI II by gavage. β-Cell proliferation was assessed by immunochemistry or flow cytometry. Sphingolipids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the FAs tested, only oleate increased β-cell proliferation. Myriocin, SKI II, and SphK knockdown all decreased oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. Oleate exposure did not increase the total amount of sphingolipids but led to a specific rise in 24:1 species. Knockdown of ACBP or ELOVL1 inhibited oleate-induced β-cell proliferation. We conclude that unsaturated very-long-chain sphingolipids produced from the available C24:1 acyl-CoA pool mediate oleate-induced β-cell proliferation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Vivoli
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trevor S. Tippetts
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Zuraya Elisa Angeles
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valentine S. Moullé
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott A. Campbell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Metabolomic Platform, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Metabolomic Platform, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Corresponding author: Vincent Poitout,
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Lytrivi M, Castell AL, Poitout V, Cnop M. Recent Insights Into Mechanisms of β-Cell Lipo- and Glucolipotoxicity in Type 2 Diabetes. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1514-1534. [PMID: 31628942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may cause synergistic glucolipotoxicity. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity have been studied for over 25 years. Here, we review the current evidence supporting the role of pancreatic β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), including lipid-based interventions in humans, prospective epidemiological studies, and human genetic findings. In addition to total FFA quantity, the quality of FFAs (saturation and chain length) is a key determinant of lipotoxicity. We discuss in vitro and in vivo experimental models to investigate lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in β-cells and describe experimental pitfalls. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity adversely affect many steps of the insulin production and secretion process. The molecular mechanisms underpinning lipo- and glucolipotoxic β-cell dysfunction and death comprise endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and inflammation. Crosstalk between these stress pathways exists at multiple levels and may aggravate β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity are therapeutic targets as several drugs impact the underlying stress responses in β-cells, potentially contributing to their glucose-lowering effects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Moullé VS, Tremblay C, Castell AL, Vivot K, Ethier M, Fergusson G, Alquier T, Ghislain J, Poitout V. The autonomic nervous system regulates pancreatic β-cell proliferation in adult male rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E234-E243. [PMID: 31013146 PMCID: PMC6732465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00385.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell responds to changes in the nutrient environment to maintain glucose homeostasis by adapting its function and mass. Nutrients can act directly on the β-cell and also indirectly through the brain via autonomic nerves innervating islets. Despite the importance of the brain-islet axis in insulin secretion, relatively little is known regarding its involvement in β-cell proliferation. We previously demonstrated that prolonged infusions of nutrients in rats provoke a dramatic increase in β-cell proliferation in part because of the direct action of nutrients. Here, we addressed the contribution of the autonomic nervous system. In isolated islets, muscarinic stimulation increased, whereas adrenergic stimulation decreased, glucose-induced β-cell proliferation. Blocking α-adrenergic receptors reversed the effect of epinephrine on glucose + nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)-induced β-cell proliferation, whereas activation of β-adrenergic receptors was without effect. Infusion of glucose + NEFA toward the brain stimulated β-cell proliferation, and this effect was abrogated following celiac vagotomy. The increase in β-cell proliferation following peripheral infusions of glucose + NEFA was not inhibited by vagotomy or atropine treatment but was blocked by coinfusion of epinephrine. We conclude that β-cell proliferation is stimulated by parasympathetic and inhibited by sympathetic signals. Whereas glucose + NEFA in the brain stimulates β-cell proliferation through the vagus nerve, β-cell proliferation in response to systemic nutrient excess does not involve parasympathetic signals but may be associated with decreased sympathetic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine S Moullé
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Kevin Vivot
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Mélanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec , Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Belot MP, Castell AL, Le Fur S, Bougnères P. Dynamic demethylation of the IL2RA promoter during in vitro CD4+ T cell activation in association with IL2RA expression. Epigenetics 2018; 13:459-472. [PMID: 30096258 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1469893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IL2RA, a subunit of the high affinity receptor for interleukin-2 (IL2), plays a crucial role in immune homeostasis. Notably, IL2RA expression is induced in CD4+ T cells in response to various stimuli and is constitutive in regulatory T cells (Tregs). We selected for our study 18 CpGs located within cognate regulatory regions of the IL2RA locus and characterized their methylation in naive, regulatory, and memory CD4+ T cells. We found that 5/18 CpGs (notably CpG + 3502) show dynamic, active demethylation during the in vitro activation of naive CD4+ T cells. Demethylation of these CpGs correlates with appearance of IL2RA protein at the cell surface. We found no influence of cis located SNP alleles upon CpG methylation. Treg cells show constitutive demethylation at all studied CpGs. Methylation of 9/18 CpGs, including CpG +3502, decreases with age. Our data thus identify CpG +3502 and a few other CpGs at the IL2RA locus as coordinated epigenetic regulators of IL2RA expression in CD4+ T cells. This may contribute to unravel how the IL2RA locus can be involved in immune physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Belot
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1169 , Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France.,b Fondation de l'AP-HP pour la Recherche , Paris , France
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- c Service de Médecine des Adolescents , Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Sophie Le Fur
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1169 , Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Pierre Bougnères
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1169 , Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France.,c Service de Médecine des Adolescents , Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
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Le Stunff C, Castell AL, Todd N, Mille C, Belot MP, Frament N, Brailly-Tabard S, Benachi A, Fradin D, Bougnères P. Correction to: Fetal growth is associated with CpG methylation in the P2 promoter of the IGF1 gene. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:74. [PMID: 29991968 PMCID: PMC5987394 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Le Stunff
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- 2Service de Médecine des Adolescents, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Todd
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Clémence Mille
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Belot
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Frament
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Brailly-Tabard
- 3Service de BiologieMoléculaire et Hormonologie, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- 4Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris Sud University, Clamart, France
| | | | - Pierre Bougnères
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Le Stunff C, Castell AL, Todd N, Mille C, Belot MP, Frament N, Brailly-Tabard S, Benachi A, Fradin D, Bougnères P. Fetal growth is associated with CpG methylation in the P2 promoter of the IGF1 gene. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:57. [PMID: 29713392 PMCID: PMC5909239 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many reasons to think that epigenetics is a key determinant of fetal growth variability across the normal population. Since IGF1 and INS genes are major determinants of intrauterine growth, we examined the methylation of selected CpGs located in the regulatory region of these two genes. Methods Cord blood was sampled in 159 newborns born to mothers prospectively followed during their pregnancy. A 142-item questionnaire was filled by mothers at inclusion, during the last trimester of the pregnancy and at the delivery. The methylation of selected CpGs located in the promoters of the IGF1 and INS genes was measured in cord blood mononuclear cells collected at birth using bisulfite-PCR-pyrosequencing. Results Methylation at IGF1 CpG-137 correlated negatively with birth length (r = 0.27, P = 3.5 × 10−4). The same effect size was found after adjustment for maternal age, parity, and smoking: a 10% increase in CpG-137 methylation was associated with a decrease of length by 0.23 SDS. Conclusion The current results suggest that the methylation of IGF1 CpG-137 contributes to the individual variation of fetal growth by regulating IGF1 expression in fetal tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0489-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Le Stunff
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- 2Service de Médecine des Adolescents, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Todd
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Clémence Mille
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Belot
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Frament
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Brailly-Tabard
- 3Service de BiologieMoléculaire et Hormonologie, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- 4Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris Sud University, Clamart, France
| | | | - Pierre Bougnères
- 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1169, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Ouni M, Castell AL, Rothenbuhler A, Linglart A, Bougnères P. Higher methylation of the IGF1 P2 promoter is associated with idiopathic short stature. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016. [PMID: 26218795 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic short stature (ISS) has a strong familial component, but genetics explains only part of it. Indeed, environmental factors act on human growth either directly or through epigenetic factors that remain to be determined. Given the importance of the GH/IGF1 axis for child growth, we suspected that such epigenetic factors could involve the CG methylation at the IGF1 gene P2 promoter, which was recently shown to be a transcriptional regulator for IGF1 gene and a major contributor to GH sensitivity. OBJECTIVE Explore whether the methylation of the two IGF1 low-CG-rich promoters (P1 and P2) is associated with ISS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 94 children with ISS were compared with 119 age-matched children of normal height for the methylation of CGs located within the IGF1 promoters measured with bisulphite PCR pyrosequencing. RESULTS The methylation of 5 CGs of the P2 promoter was higher in ISS children, notably CG-137 (49 ± 4% in ISS vs 46 ± 4 % in control children, P = 9 × 10-5 ). This was also true for CG-611 of the P1 promoter (93 ± 3% vs 91 ± 3% P = 10-4 ). The CG methylation of the IGF1 promoters thus takes place among the multifactorial factors that are associated with ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, I3E Pole, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anya Rothenbuhler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, I3E Pole, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, I3E Pole, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pierre Bougnères
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, I3E Pole, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Petit-Bibal C, Rothenbuhler A, Lucchini P, Aboumrad B, Castell AL, Le Fur S, Bougnères P. Decrease in clinical hypoglycemia in young children with type 1 diabetes treated with free-mixed aspart and detemir insulin: an open labeled randomized trial. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:345-53. [PMID: 24888575 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of a free-mix of aspart (A) and detemir (D) insulins (ADIM) with a commonly used premixed fixed-ratio aspart and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin mixture (ANIM) in young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with twice-daily injections. The trial thus compares not only D vs. NPH, but also flexible, personalized insulin preparations vs. a fixed premixed preparation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This single-center, open-label, randomized trial included 82 children with T1D. Patients stayed on ANIM for 1 yr of optimization of disease management, then were randomized to either ANIM (N = 41) or ADIM (N = 41) for another year. OUTCOMES Frequency of severe or symptomatic episodes, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood glucose (BG) values. RESULTS Compared with ANIM, ADIM decreases symptomatic hypoglycemia by approximately 2 fold (p < 0.001) and severe hypoglycemia by 7-10 fold (p = 0.04). ADIM somewhat reduced BG variation. Mean HbA1c was comparable on ADIM (7.9 ± 0.8 %; 63 ± 9 mmol/mol) and ANIM (8.2 ± 0.7 %; 66 ± 8 mmol/mol). CONCLUSIONS Using a free-mixing preparation of aspart and detemir insulin decreases hypoglycemia in young children with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Petit-Bibal
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - A Rothenbuhler
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - P Lucchini
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - B Aboumrad
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - A L Castell
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - S Le Fur
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - P Bougnères
- AP-HP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, Pôle I3E, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
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Abstract
CONTEXT Like all hormones, GH has variable physiological effects across people. Many of these effects initiated by the binding of GH to its receptor (GHR) in target tissues are mediated by the expression of the IGF1 gene. Genetic as well as epigenetic variation is known to contribute to the individual diversity of GH-dependent phenotypes through two mechanisms. The first one is the genetic polymorphism of the GHR gene due to the common deletion of exon 3. The second, more recently reported, is the epigenetic variation in the methylation of a cluster of CGs dinucleotides located within the proximal part of the P2 promoter of the IGF-1 (IGF1) gene, notably CG-137. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluates the relative contribution of these two factors controlling individual GH sensitivity by measuring the response of serum IGF-1 to a GH injection (IGF-1 generation test) in a sample of 72 children with idiopathic short stature. RESULTS Although the d3 polymorphism of the GHR contributed 19% to the variance of the IGF-1 response, CG-137 methylation in the IGF-1 promoter contributed 30%, the combined contribution of the two factors totaling 43%. CONCLUSION Our observation indicates that genetic and epigenetic variation at the GHR and IGF-1 loci play a major role as independent modulators of individual GH sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 986 (M.O., A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.) and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.), Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 986 (M.O., A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.) and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.), Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 986 (M.O., A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.) and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.), Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pierre Bougnères
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 986 (M.O., A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.) and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.-L.C., A.L., P.B.), Paris Sud University, Bicêtre Hospital, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Ouni M, Gunes Y, Belot MP, Castell AL, Fradin D, Bougnères P. The IGF1 P2 promoter is an epigenetic QTL for circulating IGF1 and human growth. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:22. [PMID: 25789079 PMCID: PMC4363053 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even if genetics play an important role, individual variation in stature remains unexplained at the molecular level. Indeed, genome-wide association study (GWAS) have revealed hundreds of variants that contribute to the variability of height but could explain only a limited part of it, and no single variant accounts for more than 0.3% of height variance. At the interface of genetics and environment, epigenetics contributes to phenotypic diversity. Quantifying the impact of epigenetic variation on quantitative traits, an emerging challenge in humans, has not been attempted for height. Since insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) controls postnatal growth, we tested whether the CG methylation of the two promoters (P1 and P2) of the IGF1 gene is a potential epigenetic contributor to the individual variation in circulating IGF1 and stature in growing children. Results Child height was closely correlated with serum IGF1. The methylation of a cluster of six CGs located within the proximal part of the IGF1 P2 promoter showed a strong negative association with serum IGF1 and growth. The highest association was for CG-137 methylation, which contributed 13% to the variance of height and 10% to serum IGF1. CG methylation (studied in children undergoing surgery) was approximately 50% lower in liver and growth plates, indicating that the IGF1 promoters are tissue-differentially methylated regions (t-DMR). CG methylation was inversely correlated with the transcriptional activity of the P2 promoter in mononuclear blood cells and in transfection experiments, suggesting that the observed association of methylation with the studied traits reflects true biological causality. Conclusions Our observations introduce epigenetics among the individual determinants of child growth and serum IGF1. The P2 promoter of the IGF1 gene is the first epigenetic quantitative trait locus (QTLepi) reported in humans. The CG methylation of the P2 promoter takes place among the multifactorial factors explaining the variation in human stature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, 80 rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France
| | - Yasemin Gunes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, 80 rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France
| | - Marie-Pierre Belot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, 80 rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, I3E Pole, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France
| | - Delphine Fradin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, 80 rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France
| | - Pierre Bougnères
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U986, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, 80 rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France ; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, I3E Pole, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Sud University, rue du Général Leclerc Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, 94276 France
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