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Castell AL, Goubault C, Ethier M, Fergusson G, Tremblay C, Baltz M, Dal Soglio D, Ghislain J, Poitout V. β Cell mass expansion during puberty involves serotonin signaling and determines glucose homeostasis in adulthood. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160854. [PMID: 36107617 PMCID: PMC9675460 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is associated with transient insulin resistance that normally recedes at the end of puberty; however, in overweight children, insulin resistance persists, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms whereby pancreatic β cells adapt to pubertal insulin resistance, and how they are affected by the metabolic status, have not been investigated. Here, we show that puberty is associated with a transient increase in β cell proliferation in rats and humans of both sexes. In rats, β cell proliferation correlated with a rise in growth hormone (GH) levels. Serum from pubertal rats and humans promoted β cell proliferation, suggesting the implication of a circulating factor. In pubertal rat islets, expression of genes of the GH/serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) pathway underwent changes consistent with a proliferative effect. Inhibition of the pro-proliferative 5-HT receptor isoform HTR2B blocked the increase in β cell proliferation in pubertal islets ex vivo and in vivo. Peripubertal metabolic stress blunted β cell proliferation during puberty and led to altered glucose homeostasis later in life. This study identifies a role of GH/GH receptor/5-HT/HTR2B signaling in the control of β cell mass expansion during puberty and identifies a mechanistic link between pubertal obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
| | - Clara Goubault
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Baltz
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
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Goubault C, Castell AL, Ethier M, Tremblay C, Ghislain J, Poitout V. Mechanisms of β-cell Proliferation in Response to Insulin Resistance During Puberty. Can J Diabetes 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cohen-Tannoudji L, Bertrand E, Baudry J, Robic C, Goubault C, Pellissier M, Johner A, Thalmann F, Lee NK, Marques CM, Bibette J. Measuring the kinetics of biomolecular recognition with magnetic colloids. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:108301. [PMID: 18352236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a general methodology based on magnetic colloids to study the recognition kinetics of tethered biomolecules. Access to the full kinetics of the reaction is provided by an explicit measure of the time evolution of the reactant densities. Binding between a single ligand and its complementary receptor is here limited by the colloidal rotational diffusion. It occurs within a binding distance that can be extracted by a reaction-diffusion theory that properly accounts for the rotational Brownian dynamics. Our reaction geometry allows us to probe a large diversity of bioadhesive molecules and tethers, thus providing a quantitative guidance for designing more efficient reactive biomimetic surfaces, as required for diagnostic, therapeutic, and tissue engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cohen-Tannoudji
- ESPCI, UMR 7612, Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005 France
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Baudry J, Rouzeau C, Goubault C, Robic C, Cohen-Tannoudji L, Koenig A, Bertrand E, Bibette J. Acceleration of the recognition rate between grafted ligands and receptors with magnetic forces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:16076-8. [PMID: 17050677 PMCID: PMC1637538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607991103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When ligands and receptors are both attached on surfaces, because of the restriction of configurational freedom, their recognition kinetics may be substantially reduced as compared with freely diffusing species. In nature, this reduction may influence the efficiency of the capture and adhesion of circulating cells. Here we show that similar consequences are observed for colloids grafted with biomolecules that are used as probes for diagnostics. We exploit Brownian magnetic colloids that self-assemble into linear chains to show also that the resulting one-dimensional confinement considerably accelerates the recognition rate between grafted receptors and their ligands. We propose that because confinement significantly augments the colliding frequency, it also causes a large increase in the attempt frequency of the recognition. This work gives the basis of a rapid, homogeneous, and highly sensitive bioanalysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baudry
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7612, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS-Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Goubault C, Jop P, Fermigier M, Baudry J, Bertrand E, Bibette J. Flexible magnetic filaments as micromechanical sensors. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:260802. [PMID: 14754035 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.260802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2003] [Revised: 07/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new micromechanical approach to probe bending rigidity at molecular scale. Long flexible filaments made of magnetic colloids and linkers are shown to adopt under magnetic field a hairpin configuration. Measuring the hairpin curvature as a function of the field intensity and the linker length from diffracted light allows us to deduce the linker bending rigidity kappa. The technique is presented for two types of linkers: a spontaneously adsorbing polymer and a grafted biomolecular.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goubault
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, UMR 7612, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Collardeau M, Brisswalter J, Vercruyssen F, Audiffren M, Goubault C. Single and choice reaction time during prolonged exercise in trained subjects: influence of carbohydrate availability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 86:150-6. [PMID: 11822474 DOI: 10.1007/s004210100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of prolonged exercise at the ventilatory threshold and carbohydrate ingestion on single (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction time. Eight well-trained triathletes completed three testing sessions within a 3-week period. Maximal oxygen uptake was determined in the first test, whereas the second and the third sessions were composed of a 100-min run (treadmill 15 min, overground 70 min, treadmill 15 min) performed at the velocity associated with the ventilatory threshold. During these submaximal tests, the subjects ingested (in random order) 8 ml x kg(-1) body weight of either a placebo (Pl) or 5.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution prior to the first submaximal run and 2 ml x kg(-1) body weight every 15 min after that. The cognitive tasks were performed before and after exercise for CRT, and before, during each submaximal run and after exercise for SRT. Furthermore, at the end of each submaximal test subjects were asked to report their rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results showed a significant positive effect of CHO ingestion on RPE and CRT performance at the end of exercise, while no effect of exercise duration was found in the Pl condition. After a 100-min run, during the CHO condition, CRT mean (SD) group values decreased from 688.5 (51) ms to 654 (63) ms, while during the Pl condition, RPE mean group values increased from 11 (2) to 16 (1.02) and CRT mean values remained stable [688 (104) ms vs 676 (73.4) ms, P > 0.05]. No similar effect was observed for SRT. These results suggest that CHO-electrolyte ingestion during a 100-min run results in an improvement in the complex cognitive performance measured at the end of that run.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Collardeau
- Unité Ergonomie Sportive et Performance, Université de Toulon-Var, La Garde, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-2 agonists such as salbutamol are used, not only by asthmatic athletes to prevent exercise induced asthma, but also by non-asthmatic athletes as a potentially ergogenic agent. We have investigated whether inhaled salbutamol enhances endurance performance in non-asthmatic athletes. METHODS A prospective double blind, randomised, three way crossover design was used to study the effects of 200 microg and 800 microg inhaled salbutamol versus a placebo in 12 trained triathletes. The treatments were compared in three identical cycle ergometer sessions at 85% of the predetermined maximal oxygen uptake. Lung function, endurance time, metabolic parameters (glucose, potassium, lactate, free fatty acid, and glycerol), and psychomotor performance were evaluated. RESULTS Neither endurance time nor post-exercise bronchodilation were significantly different between the treatments. Metabolic parameters were affected by exercise but not by treatment. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled salbutamol, even in a high dose, did not have a significant effect on endurance performance in non-asthmatic athletes, although the bronchodilating effect of the drug at the beginning of exercise may have improved respiratory adaptation. Our results do not preclude an ergogenic effect of beta2 agonists given by other routes or for a longer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goubault
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Physiologie Respiratoire et de l'Exercice, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
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Goubault C, Perault MC, Leleu E, Bouquet S, Legros P, Vandel B, Denjean A. Effects of inhaled salbutamol in exercising non-asthmatic athletes. Thorax 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.56.9.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBeta-2 agonists such as salbutamol are used, not only by asthmatic athletes to prevent exercise induced asthma, but also by non-asthmatic athletes as a potentially ergogenic agent. We have investigated whether inhaled salbutamol enhances endurance performance in non-asthmatic athletes.METHODSA prospective double blind, randomised, three way crossover design was used to study the effects of 200 μg and 800 μg inhaled salbutamol versus a placebo in 12 trained triathletes. The treatments were compared in three identical cycle ergometer sessions at 85% of the predetermined maximal oxygen uptake. Lung function, endurance time, metabolic parameters (glucose, potassium, lactate, free fatty acid, and glycerol), and psychomotor performance were evaluated.RESULTSNeither endurance time nor post-exercise bronchodilation were significantly different between the treatments. Metabolic parameters were affected by exercise but not by treatment.CONCLUSIONSInhaled salbutamol, even in a high dose, did not have a significant effect on endurance performance in non-asthmatic athletes, although the bronchodilating effect of the drug at the beginning of exercise may have improved respiratory adaptation. Our results do not preclude an ergogenic effect of β2 agonists given by other routes or for a longer period.
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Lévêque J, Brisswalter J, Bernard O, Goubault C. Évaluation des caractéristiques physiologiques des kayakistes de descente de haut niveau de performance. Sci Sports 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(00)00033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brisswalter J, Hausswirth C, Vercruyssen F, Collardeau M, Vallier JM, Lepers R, Goubault C. Carbohydrate ingestion does not influence the change in energy cost during a 2-h run in well-trained triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 81:108-13. [PMID: 10552274 DOI: 10.1007/pl00013781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether the increase in the energy cost of running (C(r)), previously reported to occur at the end of a prolonged run, could be influenced by the ingestion of either an artificially sweetened placebo (Pl) or a 5.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution. Ten well-trained triathletes completed three testing sessions within a 3-week period. The aim of the first session was to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)(max)) and the velocity associated with ventilatory threshold (nu(VT)). The second and the third sessions were composed of two submaximal treadmill runs (20 min long, 0% grade, performed at nu(VT)), before and after an 80-min overground run, also conducted at nu(VT). During these submaximal tests, the subjects ingested (in a random order) either a Pl or CHO solution prior to the first submaximal run and every 20 min after that. During the first session, ventilatory threshold (VT) occurred at [mean (SD)] 81.2 (2.5)% VO(2)(max) and 16.5 (0.6) km. h(-1). A significant effect of exercise duration was found on C(r) (DeltaC(r)) at the end of the run, whatever the solution ingested (DeltaC(r) = 5.7% and 7.01% for CHO and Pl, respectively). A reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio (from 0.98 to 0.90) was observed only at the end of the Pl trial. In this study, C(r) seems to be affected only to a minor extent by substrate turnover. Moreover, the increase in the demand for oxygen, estimated from the increase in ventilation, accounted for only a minor proportion of the increase in C(r) (11% and 17% for CHO and Pl, respectively). No correlation was found between the changes in C(r) and the changes in the other physiological parameters recorded. These results suggest, indirectly, that C(r) increases during a 2-h run at 80% VO(2)(max) in well-trained subjects can be explained mainly by alterations in neuromuscular performance, which lead to a decrease in muscle efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brisswalter
- Unité Ergonomie Sportive et Performance, Université de Toulon-Var, Avenue de l'Université, BP 132, F-83957 La Garde Cedex, France.
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Heugas A, Brisswalter J, Vallier J, Goubault C, Legros P. Reproductibilité du déficit maximal en oxygène (DO2max) en fonction de l'expertise en course à pied. Sci Sports 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(98)80002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fougeron B, Brisswalter J, Goubault C, Legros P. Le coût énergétique de la marche athlétique : évolution en fonction de la vitesse de déplacement. Sci Sports 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(97)86906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beau P, Fabre J, Abitbol JL, Poncin E, Goubault C, Potocki B, Matuchansky C. [Continuous ambulatory enteral feeding in hospitalized adults: prospective experience in 98 patients]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1986; 10:134-40. [PMID: 3084332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study, which describes a personal technique of continuous enteral nutrition (CEN) in hospitalized adults on an ambulatory basis, was: to prospectively evaluate, over a 2-year period, its efficacy and tolerance in 98 patients requiring CEN for at least 15 days; to compare its efficacy and tolerance with those of conventional non-ambulatory CEN on a prospectively randomized basis in 16 patients. Ambulatory CEN was given at the rate of 35-45 kcal/kg/d (lipids: 35 p. 100; carbohydrates: 45 p. 100); during day-time, a portable system, including pump, tubes and low-viscosity nutrient solutions, allowed ambulation. Ninety-eight consecutive patients with a minimal level of physical autonomy were treated for intestinal (n = 47), pancreatic (n = 20), esophagogastric (n = 17) diseases, or for malnutrition of other causes for an average of 38 days (15 to 141). The average weight gain (m +/- SD) was 1.2 +/- 5.5 p. 100 of ideal body weight (IBW) and the average nitrogen gain was 0.7 +/- 3.8 g/24 h; weight gain proved significantly lower in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving steroids. The clinical tolerance proved excellent, except for 5 cases of transient diarrhea and 9 cases of reposition of the nasogastric tube. A decrease in cholesterolemia below 3.9 mmol/l was noted in 25 p. 100 of patients during CEN. No significant difference between ambulatory and non-ambulatory CEN was observed in terms of evolution of body weight and other anthropometric variables, nitrogen balance, albuminemia, and oxygen consumption; conversely, the CEN experience, evaluated by patients on analogical visual scales, was significantly better endured in the ambulatory group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Fabre J, Bodet M, Abitbol J, Goubault C, Potocki B, Matuchansky C. P.43 Compared nutritional assessment of ambulatory and nonambulatory continuous enteral nutrition in hospitalized patients. Clin Nutr 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(83)80151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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