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Marqué D, Feigenbaum A, Riquet AM. Repercussions of the ionization of plastic packaging on the compatibility with packaged foodstuffs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/jcp/1996930165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Brandicourt S, Nicolas J, Boussard A, Riquet AM. Use of ESR and HPLC to follow the anaerobic reaction catalysed by lipoxygenases. Food Chem 2015; 168:311-20. [PMID: 25172715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) consumption by using ESR allows to follow the anaerobic reaction between linoleic acid (LH) and its 13-hydroperoxide (LOOH) catalysed by lipoxygenase. During this reaction, two types of radicals are initially obtained, alkyl (L) and alkoxyl (LO) radicals which formed two types of adducts (LT and OLT) with TEMPOL as characterised by HPLC. The stoichiometry of the adduct formation is two mole of TEMPOL consumed for one mole of LH and one mole of LOOH. Using ESR, the kinetic parameters and the mechanism of the anaerobic reaction have been determined at pH 6.5 for three different lipoxygenases, soybean, horse bean and wheat and compared to the values obtained at pH 9 for soybean lipoxygenase. Wheat lipoxygenase is very weakly active compared to the other enzymes. An uncompetitive inhibition of the anaerobic reaction catalysed by soybean and horse bean lipoxygenases was observed with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Brandicourt
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Jacques Nicolas
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Aline Boussard
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Anne-Marie Riquet
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France.
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Riquet AM, Delattre J, Vitrac O, Guinault A. Design of modified plastic surfaces for antimicrobial applications: Impact of ionizing radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Castillo R, Biedermann M, Riquet AM, Grob K. Comprehensive on-line HPLC-GC for screening potential migrants from polypropylene into food: The effect of pulsed light decontamination as an example. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Courgneau C, Vitrac O, Ducruet V, Riquet AM. Local demixion in plasticized polylactide probed by electron spin resonance. J Magn Reson 2013; 233:37-48. [PMID: 23727586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving the barrier properties to gas and organic compounds of biosourced polyesters, such as polylactides (PLAs), by increasing their crystallinity has been suggested by several authors. This paper investigates the risk of microphase separation for a technological approach that would involve a plasticization of PLA, to further its crystallization kinetics, with common plasticizers: Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Overplasticization effects following microphase separation were monitored along the film thickness by exposing dynamically thermo-compressed films to nitroxide spin-probes. The method enabled a scan of the local polymer mobility for different concentration profiles in spin-probes, with in particular a maximum moving continuously in time towards the geometric center. The results were interpreted as excess local temperatures that would give similar ESR spectra motion in the bulk. It was shown that measured excess temperatures could be related to local shifts in the glass transition temperature along the film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Courgneau
- INRA, UMR 1145 Food Process Engineering, 1 Avenue des Olympiades, F 91300 Massy, France
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Riquet AM, Feigenbaum A, Colonna P, Lourdin D. Molecular mobility in starchy materials studied by electron spin resonance. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Feigenbaum A, Scholler D, Bouquant J, Brigot G, Ferrier D, Franzl R, Lillemarktt L, Riquet AM, Petersen JH, van Lierop B, Yagoubi N. Safety and quality of food contact materials. Part 1: evaluation of analytical strategies to introduce migration testing into good manufacturing practice. Food Addit Contam 2002; 19:184-201. [PMID: 11820501 DOI: 10.1080/02652030110053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The results of a research project (EU AIR Research Programme CT94-1025) aimed to introduce control of migration into good manufacturing practice and into enforcement work are reported. Representative polymer classes were defined on the basis of chemical structure, technological function, migration behaviour and market share. These classes were characterized by analytical methods. Analytical techniques were investigated for identification of potential migrants. High-temperature gas chromatography was shown to be a powerful method and 1H-magnetic resonance provided a convenient fingerprint of plastic materials. Volatile compounds were characterized by headspace techniques, where it was shown to be essential to differentiate volatile compounds desorbed from those generated during the thermal desorption itself. For metal trace analysis, microwave mineralization followed by atomic absorption was employed. These different techniques were introduced into a systematic testing scheme that is envisaged as being suitable both for industrial control and for enforcement laboratories. Guidelines will be proposed in the second part of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feigenbaum
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Reims, France.
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Six T, Feigenbaum A, Riquet AM. Mechanism of migration from agglomerated cork stoppers: I. An electron spin resonance investigation. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Riquet AM, Bose V, Feigenbaum A. Tailoring fatty food simulants made from solvent mixtures (1): comparison of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol behaviour with polystyrene. Food Addit Contam 2001; 18:165-76. [PMID: 11288914 DOI: 10.1080/02652030010008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the use of solvent mixtures as test media replacing olive oil in migration tests, the interaction of polystyrene with mixtures composed of various amounts of tert.butyl acetate (mimicking the ester functions of oil) and of a low molecular weight alcohol (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as inert co-solvent) was studied, using FTIR. Isopropanol, which has a lesser tendency to form hydrogen bonds in the plastic, can be used as main component of alternative fatty test media, its aggressiveness to polystyrene being tailored by adjusting the concentration of tert.butyl acetate. Concentrations below 20% seem useful on the basis of the mechanism of displacement of the alcohols.
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Marque D, Feigenbaum A, Dainelli D, Riquet AM. Safety evaluation of an ionized multilayer plastic film used for vacuum cooking and meat preservation. Food Addit Contam 1998; 15:831-41. [PMID: 10211192 DOI: 10.1080/02652039809374717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The main concern in safety evaluation of ionized plastic food packaging materials is the possible formation of unsuspected potential migrants. Solvent extracts and migrates of a polypropylene-based multilayer film, beta-irradiated at 80 kGy and widely used for vacuum cooking of packaged meat were studied, using complementary analytical techniques. 1H-NMR and HPLC showed that 96% of the initial phenolic stabilizer was not found after irradiation. A phosphite stabilizer and its reaction products, identified by GC-MS, accounted for 35% of the initial amount. The sum of all potential migrants derived from the additives accounted for less than 1% of global migration. This global migration was mainly due to oligomers. By comparison our results with literature work done with the same film, but at lower doses, it was suggested that larger electron beam doses reduce the possibility of migration and enhance the consumer's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marque
- INRA-SQuAlE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Riquet AM, Wolff N, Laoubi S, Vergnaud JM, Feigenbaum A. Food and packaging interactions: determination of the kinetic parameters of olive oil diffusion in polypropylene using concentration profiles. Food Addit Contam 1998; 15:690-700. [PMID: 10209580 DOI: 10.1080/02652039809374699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The penetration of olive oil into polypropylene was studied in order to allow a complete modellization of food and packaging interactions. Oil concentration profiles through polypropylene food trays were determined by FTIR-microscopy measurements along the thickness at various times. Calculations of the relevant parameters characterizing Fickian diffusion, namely constant diffusivity, coefficient of convective mass transport on the surface and concentration at equilibrium were carried out. This way of working has proven to be considerably shorter and more accurate than the method consisting of recording the global absorbance of the substance absorbed, especially when the amount of diffusing fat is low. Major conclusions are: that absorption of olive oil is strongly influenced by convection; the diffusion coefficient of olive oil in polypropylene is constant. Possible consequences to simplify global migration testing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Riquet
- INRA, SQuA1E-LNSA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Feigenbaum A, Bouquant J, Hamdani M, Métois P, Riquet AM, Scholler D. Quick methods to control compliance of plastic materials with food packaging regulations. Food Addit Contam 1997; 14:571-82. [PMID: 9373521 DOI: 10.1080/02652039709374569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy is presented, aiming to provide plastics manufacturers, food industries and enforcement laboratories with quick methods to check whether migration from materials for food contact will be acceptable during the time of use. The strategy involves several steps, with increasing time demand and cost. Monitoring extraction kinetics allows both the optimization of the extraction time, and the selection of conditions where extraction is more severe than migration. The influence of the extracting solvent is discussed. It may give rise to specific non-extraction of some migrants, which may change the conclusions when the solvent is used in replacement of a fatty food simulant. Factors ruling this effect at a given temperature are identified: the affinity to the solvent with the migrant (selectivity), its ability to reach molecules entangled in the polymeric network (accessibility) and its interaction with the polymer (penetration). The kinetic parameters of the penetration of olive oil into polypropylene have been determined by the determination of profiles of concentration.
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Abstract
Migration of paramagnetic probes from rigid PVC within 24 h at 50 degrees C depends on the simulant to a considerable extent. With a strongly swelling simulant like tert.butyl acetate, the rate of diffusion is governed by the rate of penetration of the medium into the polymeric network. Isooctane has a very weak interaction with rigid PVC. With a mixture of tert.butyl acetate and isooctane it is possible to adjust the aggressivity of the medium and to tailor an alternative simulant that interacts with the polymer in the same fashion as the EU's official fatty food simulants. Particular responses of polar probes underline the importance of the interaction between simulant and additives in the choice of alternative fatty food simulants for rigid PVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Riquet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, Jouy en Josas, France
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Feigenbaum AE, Hamdani M, Ducruet VJ, Riquet AM. CLASSIFICATION OF INTERACTIONS: VOLATILE SIMULANTS, GLOBAL AND SPECIFIC MIGRATION. Journal of Polymer Engineering 1995. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.1995.15.1-2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Feigenbaum AE, Bouquant J, Ducruet VJ, Ehret-Henry J, Marqué DL, Riquet AM, Scholler D, Wittmann JC. Guidelines of the Commission of the European Communities: a challenge for the control of packaging. Food Addit Contam 1994; 11:141-54. [PMID: 8039575 DOI: 10.1080/02652039409374213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Questions arising from the Commission of the European Communities Directives and guidelines regulating packaging materials are discussed in relation to whether compliance ensures safety in use and the consequent analytical problems. Difficulties may arise from interactions between food contact materials and food involving mass transfer (migration, off-odours, 'scalping', loss of aroma) or mass transfer and chemical interactions and the implications for safety assurance and regulation are addressed. The criteria for suitable low molecular weight fatty food simulants and conditions for migration testing are presented. In food surveillance, the usefulness of various methods of analysis differs for monomers and for additives. For monomers, IR spectroscopy can identify the polymer type and which specific monomers need controlling; for unknown mixtures of additives, preliminary functional group identification by techniques such as 1H-NMR is useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Feigenbaum
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, LNSA, Jouy en Josas, France
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