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Mishchenko NP, Vasileva EA, Gerasimenko AV, Grigorchuk VP, Dmitrenok PS, Fedoreyev SA. Isolation and Structure Determination of Echinochrome A Oxidative Degradation Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E4778. [PMID: 33080948 PMCID: PMC7587531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinochrome A (Ech A, 1) is one of the main pigments of several sea urchin species and is registered in the Russian pharmacopeia as an active drug substance (Histochrome®), used in the fields of cardiology and ophthalmology. In this study, Ech A degradation products formed during oxidation by O2 in air-equilibrated aqueous solutions were identified, isolated, and structurally characterized. An HPLC method coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was developed and validated to monitor the Ech A degradation process and identify the appearing compounds. Five primary oxidation products were detected and their structures were proposed on the basis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) as 7-ethyl-2,2,3,3,5,7,8-heptahydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-naphthoquinone (2), 6-ethyl-5,7,8-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2,3,4-tetraone (3), 2,3-epoxy-7-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (4), 2,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxy-6-ethylinden-1-one (5), and 2,2,4,5,7-pentahydroxy-6-ethylindane-1,3-dione (6). Three novel oxidation products were isolated, and NMR and HR-ESI-MS methods were used to establish their structures as 4-ethyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-oxalobenzoic acid (7), 4-ethyl-2-formyl-3,5,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (8), and 4-ethyl-2,3,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (9). The known compound 3-ethyl-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (10) was isolated along with products 7-9. Compound 7 turned out to be unstable; its anhydro derivative 11 was obtained in two crystal forms, the structure of which was elucidated using X-ray crystallography as 7-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid and named echinolactone. The chemical mechanism of Ech A oxidative degradation is proposed. The in silico toxicity of Ech A and its degradation products 2 and 7-10 were predicted using the ProTox-II webserver. The predicted median lethal dose (LD50) value for product 2 was 221 mg/kg, and, for products 7-10, it appeared to be much lower (≥2000 mg/kg). For Ech A, the predicted toxicity and mutagenicity differed from our experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P. Mishchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.A.V.); (P.S.D.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Elena A. Vasileva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.A.V.); (P.S.D.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Andrey V. Gerasimenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Valeriya P. Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.A.V.); (P.S.D.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Sergey A. Fedoreyev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (E.A.V.); (P.S.D.); (S.A.F.)
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Balli D, Cecchi L, Khatib M, Bellumori M, Cairone F, Carradori S, Zengin G, Cesa S, Innocenti M, Mulinacci N. Characterization of Arils Juice and Peel Decoction of Fifteen Varieties of Punica granatum L.: A Focus on Anthocyanins, Ellagitannins and Polysaccharides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E238. [PMID: 32183156 PMCID: PMC7139709 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate is receiving renewed commercial and scientific interest, therefore a deeper knowledge of the chemical composition of the fruits of less studied varieties is required. In this work, juices from arils and decoctions from mesocarp plus exocarp were prepared from fifteen varieties. Samples were submitted to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector-Mass Spectrometry, spectrophotometric and colorimetric CIEL*a*b* analyses. Antioxidant, antiradical and metal chelating properties, inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and α-amylase enzymes were also evaluated. All varieties presented the same main phenols; anthocyanins and ellagitannins were widely variable among varieties, with the richest anthocyanin content in the juices from the Wonderful and Soft Seed Maule varieties (approx. 660 mg/L) and the highest ellagitannin content in the peel of the Black variety (approx. 133 mg/g dry matter). A good correlation was shown between the colour hue and the delphinidin/cyanidin ratio in juices (R2 = 0.885). Total polysaccharide yield ranged from 3% to 12% of the peels' dry weight, with the highest content in the Black variety. Decoctions (24.44-118.50 mg KAE/g) showed better in vitro antioxidant properties and higher inhibitory capacity against tyrosinase than juices (not active-16.56 mg KAE/g); the inhibitory capacity against α-amylase was similar and quite potent for juices and decoctions. Knowledge about the chemical composition of different pomegranate varieties will allow for a more aware use of the different parts of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Balli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khatib
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Innocenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Liu B, Yang Y, Liu H, Xie Z, Li Q, Deng M, Li F, Peng J, Wu H. Screening for cytotoxic chemical constituents from Justicia procumbens by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and NMR. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29372338 PMCID: PMC5785455 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Acanthaceae family is an important source of therapeutic drugs and ethno medicines. There are many famous medicinal plants from this family, such as Andrographis paniculata, Baphicacanthus cusia, and Dicliptera chinensis. Justicia procumbens (J. procumbens) is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical of the world. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for cancer. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed the ethyl acetate extract of J. procumbens had a cytotoxic activity. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate extract was important for understanding its pharmacological mechanism. Results A high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry procedure was established. Eleven dibenzylbutanes and four arylnaphthalenes were confirmed by HPLC–DAD–ESI–QTOF–MS analysis. A novel dibenzylbutane (5-methoxy-4,4′-di-O-methylsecolariciresinol-9′-monoacetate) and seven isomers of arylnaphthalene were isolated and characterized by NMR and QTOF–MS. Compounds 1, 2, and 13 were detected for the first time. The content of six lignans were determinated in the ethyl acetate extract. Conclusions This study showed that the cytotoxic activity assay of J. procumbens could be mainly attributed to the constituents of lignans. The bioactivity of the ethyl acetate extract and determined compounds support the traditional use of this plant in cancer. These chemical constituents may be developed as novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (WIPM) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No.30 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhoutao Xie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qun Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jingling Peng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China. .,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of New Products for Geriatrics Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Brandicourt S, Nicolas J, Boussard A, Riquet AM. Use of ESR and HPLC to follow the anaerobic reaction catalysed by lipoxygenases. Food Chem 2015; 168:311-20. [PMID: 25172715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) consumption by using ESR allows to follow the anaerobic reaction between linoleic acid (LH) and its 13-hydroperoxide (LOOH) catalysed by lipoxygenase. During this reaction, two types of radicals are initially obtained, alkyl (L) and alkoxyl (LO) radicals which formed two types of adducts (LT and OLT) with TEMPOL as characterised by HPLC. The stoichiometry of the adduct formation is two mole of TEMPOL consumed for one mole of LH and one mole of LOOH. Using ESR, the kinetic parameters and the mechanism of the anaerobic reaction have been determined at pH 6.5 for three different lipoxygenases, soybean, horse bean and wheat and compared to the values obtained at pH 9 for soybean lipoxygenase. Wheat lipoxygenase is very weakly active compared to the other enzymes. An uncompetitive inhibition of the anaerobic reaction catalysed by soybean and horse bean lipoxygenases was observed with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Brandicourt
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Jacques Nicolas
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Aline Boussard
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Anne-Marie Riquet
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France.
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Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang J, Qi Y, Jia X, Gao G, Shuai J, Liu H, Zhang B, Xiao P. Systematic chemical analysis of flavonoids in the Nelumbinis stamen. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:1753-1758. [PMID: 25444443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The stamen of lotus, known as Nelumbinis stamen, has been used as the folk medicine and functional food for a long time, which showed good activities of anti-ulcer, anti-thrombosis, analgesic, anti-diarrhea, strengthen uterine contraction. The bioactivities of Nelumbinis stamen were attributed to the existence of flavonoids, its characteristic chemical constituents. A reliable method for comprehensive chemical analysis of flavonoids in Nelumbinis stamen by HPLC-DAD-MS was developed for the first time. The extraction protocol of flavonoids from Nelumbinis stamen was optimized by an orthogonal design. The chromatographic conditions were optimized, which exhibited similar level than that of the UHPLC platform allowing target compound identification in a shorter time with little solvent consumption. Moreover, similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal components analysis were successfully applied to demonstrate the variability of these Nelumbinis stamen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiushi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaojie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jia
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gangfeng Gao
- Bio-Medicine and Bio-Industry Office in Sanning City, Sanning 365000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jingao Shuai
- Fujian Wenxin Lianye Food Co. Ltd., Jianning 354500, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
The quality of 10 buckwheat honeys, collected from Italian and est European beekeepers declaring to produce monofloral honey, were evaluated by means of their pollen, physicochemical, phenolic and volatile composition data. The results of the traditional analyses and in particular electrical conductivity, optical rotation, pH and sugar composition revealed some poorly pure samples that could not fit in the buckwheat tipology. Honey volatiles, analysed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC/MS), showed more than 100 volatile compounds, most of them present in all honey samples but with quantitative variation. Besides many furfural derivates, 3-methylbutanoic acid was the main volatile compound found in most of honeys. Also the presence of 2- and 3-methylbutanal and pheynalcetaldehyde confirmed the typical buckwheat aroma of some studied samples, corroborating physicochemical data. The HPLC phenolic profile was similar across the samples and p-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids proved to be the main components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pasini
- Department of Agro Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
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