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Cheng N, Bi C, Shi Y, Liu M, Cao A, Ren M, Xia J, Liang Z. Effect Predictor of Driver Synonymous Mutations Based on Multi-Feature Fusion and Iterative Feature Representation Learning. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; 28:1144-1151. [PMID: 38096097 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3343075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of driver mutations is crucial in genetic studies of human cancers. While numerous cancer driver missense mutations have been identified, research into potential cancer drivers for synonymous mutations has shown limited success to date. Here, we developed a novel machine learning framework, epSMic, for predicting cancer driver synonymous mutations. epSMic employs an iterative feature representation scheme that facilitates the learning of discriminative features from various sequential models in a supervised iterative mode. We constructed the benchmark datasets and encoded the embedding sequence, physicochemical property, and basic information such as conservation and splicing feature. The evaluation results on benchmark test datasets demonstrate that epSMic outperforms existing methods, making it a valuable tool for researchers in identifying functional synonymous mutations in cancer. We hope epSMic can enable researchers to concentrate on synonymous mutations that have a functional impact on cancer.
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Liu H, Gong Z, Li Z, Ye T, Cao A, He S, Lin S, Duan J, Lin X. Distribution, connection and function of ALDH1A1 +/TH + neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata of mouse. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137555. [PMID: 37972684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The massive cell death of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) is associated with motor diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Moreover, as a subtype of DANs in SNC, ALDH1A1+ neurons show better resistance to PD related neurotoxin. DANs can also be found in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR), however, whether they are ALDH1A1+ neurons are rarely reported, as well as their projection, function, and reaction in the PD pathology. We studied the distribution of ALDH1A1+ neurons and track their projection by injecting pAAV. We figured out that, in SNR, 87 % neurons are ALDH1A1+/TH+ in ALDH1A1+ cluster averagely, while ALDH1A1+/TH+: TH+ is 52 % averagely. There are two enrichment regions of ALDH1A1+/TH+ neurons at brgma -3.40 mm and brgma -3.70 mm in the SNR of the nTg mice. Nevertheless, in one type of PD-liked mice model, the proportion of ALDH1A1+/TH+: ALDH1A1+ neurons are 98 % averagely, while ALHD1A1+/TH+: TH+ is 57 %. Intriguingly, neuro-tracing discovered that there may be a previously unreported connection between SNR and anterior dorsal thalamus (ADT). The mouse received MPTP stereotactic injection to destroy TH+ neurons in SNR showed depression behavior, indicated the DANs death in SNR may contribute to depression behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tonglin Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaiying He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijia Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhai Duan
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xian Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Human Anatomy and physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Cao A, Xie X, Zhou M, Zhang H, Xu M, Wu Y. Action-Evaluator: A Visualization Approach for Player Action Evaluation in Soccer. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2024; 30:880-890. [PMID: 37878455 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2023.3326524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In soccer, player action evaluation provides a fine-grained method to analyze player performance and plays an important role in improving winning chances in future matches. However, previous studies on action evaluation only provide a score for each action, and hardly support inspecting and comparing player actions integrated with complex match context information such as team tactics and player locations. In this work, we collaborate with soccer analysts and coaches to characterize the domain problems of evaluating player performance based on action scores. We design a tailored visualization of soccer player actions that places the action choice together with the tactic it belongs to as well as the player locations in the same view. Based on the design, we introduce a visual analytics system, Action-Evaluator, to facilitate a comprehensive player action evaluation through player navigation, action investigation, and action explanation. With the system, analysts can find players to be analyzed efficiently, learn how they performed under various match situations, and obtain valuable insights to improve their action choices. The usefulness and effectiveness of this work are demonstrated by two case studies on a real-world dataset and an expert interview.
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Cao A, Lan J, Xie X, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wu Y. Team-Builder: Toward More Effective Lineup Selection in Soccer. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2023; 29:5178-5193. [PMID: 36112553 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2022.3207147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lineup selection is an essential and important task in soccer matches. To win a match, coaches must consider various factors and select appropriate players for a planned formation. Computation-based tools have been proposed to help coaches on this complex task, but they are usually based on over-simplified models on player performances, do not support interactive analysis, and overlook the inputs by coaches. In this article, we propose a method for visual analytics of soccer lineup selection by tackling two challenges: characterizing essential factors involved in generating optimal lineup, and supporting coach-driven visual analytics of lineup selection. We develop a lineup selection model that integrates such important factors, such as spatial regions of player actions and defensive interactions with opponent players. A visualization system, Team-Builder, is developed to help coaches control the process of lineup generation, explanation, and comparison through multiple coordinated views. The usefulness and effectiveness of our system are demonstrated by two case studies on a real-world soccer event dataset.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Cao A, Luo Q, Chen D, Zhao W, Xu J, Li Q, Bu X, Quan J. Development of cyclopeptide inhibitors of cGAS targeting protein-DNA interaction and phase separation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6132. [PMID: 37783727 PMCID: PMC10545747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an essential sensor of aberrant cytosolic DNA for initiating innate immunity upon invading pathogens and cellular stress, which is considered as a potential drug target for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Here, we report the discovery of a class of cyclopeptide inhibitors of cGAS identified by an in vitro screening assay from a focused library of cyclic peptides. These cyclopeptides specifically bind to the DNA binding site of cGAS and block the binding of dsDNA with cGAS, subsequently inhibit dsDNA-induced liquid phase condensation and activation of cGAS. The specificity and potency of one optimal lead XQ2B were characterized in cellular assays. Concordantly, XQ2B inhibited herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)-induced antiviral immune responses and enhanced HSV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, XQ2B significantly suppressed the elevated levels of type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines in primary macrophages from Trex1-/- mice and systemic inflammation in Trex1-/- mice. XQ2B represents the specific cGAS inhibitor targeting protein-DNA interaction and phase separation and serves as a scaffold for the development of therapies in the treatment of cGAS-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Youqiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Daoyuan Chen
- School of Bioengineering, ZhuHai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Weiqi Zhao
- Genetics and Metabolism Department, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Genetics and Metabolism Department, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qinkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Junmin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Feng Y, Cheng C, Hu S, Cao A. Campaign-style governance of air pollution in China? A comprehensive analysis of the central environmental protection inspection. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1081573. [PMID: 37026150 PMCID: PMC10072227 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) is a major institutional innovation in China's environmental governance, but its effectiveness in improving air quality is still unclear. However, the effectiveness of CEPI is of great significance and can be regarded as an important reference for deepening the reform of environmental governance system in China. This article takes the CEPI as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the regression discontinuity design (RDD) and the difference-in-differences (DID) methods to examine the effectiveness of this policy. The study found that the first round of CEPI reduced the air pollution of cities in the inspected provinces in a short time. Moreover, this positive policy effect persisted in the aftermath of the inspection, but this long-term effect is mainly reflected in PM10 and SO2. Heterogeneity analysis showed that CEPI was only effective in reducing air pollutants of industry-oriented cities, cities in Central and Eastern China, and cities with large or small population size. The moderating effect analysis indicated that a healthy relationship (close and clean) between the local governments and businesses was conducive to reducing air pollution. The research confirmed the presence of "selective" reduction of air pollutants in the long run caused by CEPI, thereby providing new inspiration for the improvement of campaign-style environmental governance and the follow-up CEPI work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Feng
- Business School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuang Cheng
- Business School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilei Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
- *Correspondence: Shilei Hu
| | - Anqi Cao
- Business School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yap T, Konstantinopoulos P, Grisham R, Gupta D, Wilkinson G, Cao A, Jeffers M, Sharma N. 494TiP Phase Ib study of elimusertib (ATRi; BAY 1895344) in combination with niraparib (PARPi) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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8
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Chen Y, Cao A, Li Q, Quan J. Identification of DNA aptamers that specifically targets EBV + nasopharyngeal carcinoma via binding with EphA2/CD98hc complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 608:135-141. [PMID: 35397426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies and has a distinct geographical distribution. The high mortality rates of NPC patients with advanced and recurrent disease highlight the urgent need for biomarkers for early diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, we developed DNA aptamers that specifically bind to EBV positive NPC cells by the Cell-SELEX procedure. We further identified the EphA2 (ephrin type-A receptor 2)/CD98hc (CD98 heavy chain) complex as the potential target of the aptamer EA-3 by combining aptamer-based separation and mass spectrometry analysis. Our results revealed for the first time that EphA2 colocalized with CD98hc at the plasma membrane and EphA2 coimmunoprecipitated with CD98hc, which may serve as a starting point for exploring the potential functions of the complex of EphA2 and CD98hc in NPCs. Here, we demonstrated that aptamers can be useful for the identification of protein complexes on the surface of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Anqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - JunMin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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9
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Makker V, Taylor M, Aghajanian C, Cohn A, Brose M, DiSimone C, Cao A, Suttner L, Loboda A, Cristescu R, Jelinic P, Snyder A, Nebozhyn M, Lunceford J, Orlowski R, Dutta L, Matsui J, Dutcus C, Minoshima Y, Messing M. 796P Association between biomarkers and clinical outcomes of lenvatinib (L) + pembrolizumab (P) in advanced endometrial cancer (EC): Results from KEYNOTE-146/study 111. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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10
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Zinzani PL, Capra M, Özcan M, Lv F, Li W, Yañez E, Sapunarova K, Lin T, Jin J, Jurczak W, Hamed A, Wang M, Baker R, Bondarenko I, Zhang Q, Feng J, Geissler K, Lazaroiu M, Saydam G, Szomor Á, Bouabdallah K, Galiulin R, Uchida T, Mongay Soler L, Cao A, Hiemeyer F, Mehra A, Childs BH, Shi Y, Matasar MJ. CHRONOS‐3: RANDOMIZED PHASE III STUDY OF COPANLISIB PLUS RITUXIMAB
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RITUXIMAB/PLACEBO IN RELAPSED INDOLENT NON‐HODGKIN LYMPHOMA (INHL). Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.24_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli” Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale Bologna Italy
| | - M. Capra
- Hospital Mãe de Deus Centro de Hematologia e Oncologia Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. Özcan
- Ankara University School of Medicine Hematology Department Ankara Turkey
| | - F. Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Department of Medical Oncology Shanghai China
| | - W. Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University Department of Hematology Changchun China
| | - E. Yañez
- University of La Frontera, Department of Internal Medicine Oncology‐Hematology Unit Temuco Chile
| | - K. Sapunarova
- Medical University Department of Internal Medicine Hematology Division Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - T. Lin
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Department of Medical Oncology Guangzhou China
| | - J. Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine Department of Hematology Hangzhou China
| | - W. Jurczak
- Maria Skłodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Department of Clinical Oncology Krakow Poland
| | - A. Hamed
- Petz Aladár Megyei Oktató Kórház Hematológiai Osztály Gyor Hungary
| | - M.‐C. Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Department of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - R. Baker
- Perth Blood Institute, Murdoch University Western Australia Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis Perth Australia
| | - I. Bondarenko
- City Dnipropetrovsk Multi‐field Clinical Hospital 4 DSMA, Chemotherapy Department Dnipro Ukraine
| | - Q. Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital Department of Medical Oncology Harbin China
| | - J. Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Department of Medical Oncology Nanjing China
| | - K. Geissler
- Sigmund Freud University, 5th Medical Department with Hematology Oncology and Palliative Medicine Vienna Austria
| | - M. Lazaroiu
- S.C. Policlinica de Diagnostic Rapid S.A. Department of Hematology Brasov Romania
| | - G. Saydam
- Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Division of Hematology Izmir Turkey
| | - Á. Szomor
- Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központ 1st Department of Internal Medicine Pécs Hungary
| | - K. Bouabdallah
- University Hospital of Bordeaux Hematology and Cellular Therapy Department Bordeaux France
| | - R. Galiulin
- Clinical Oncological Dispensary of Omsk Region Department of Chemotherapy for Children and Adults Omsk Russian Federation
| | - T. Uchida
- Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital Department of Hematology and Oncology Nagoya Japan
| | - L. Mongay Soler
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Clinical Development Whippany USA
| | - A. Cao
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Clinical Statistics Whippany USA
| | - F. Hiemeyer
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer AG Clinical Statistics Berlin Germany
| | - A. Mehra
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Clinical Development Whippany USA
| | - B. H. Childs
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Clinical Development Whippany USA
| | - Y. Shi
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Department of Medical Oncology Beijing China
| | - M. J. Matasar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Medicine New York USA
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Wang J, Wu J, Cao A, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Wu Y. Tac-Miner: Visual Tactic Mining for Multiple Table Tennis Matches. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2021; 27:2770-2782. [PMID: 33891553 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2021.3074576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In table tennis, tactics specified by three consecutive strokes represent the high-level competition strategies in matches. Effective detection and analysis of tactics can reveal the playing styles of players, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. However, tactical analysis in table tennis is challenging as the analysts can often be overwhelmed by the large quantity and high dimension of the data. Statistical charts have been extensively used by researchers to explore and visualize table tennis data. However, these charts cannot support efficient comparative and correlation analysis of complicated tactic attributes. Besides, existing studies are limited to the analysis of one match. However, one player's strategy can change along with his/her opponents in different matches. Therefore, the data of multiple matches can support a more comprehensive tactical analysis. To address these issues, we introduced a visual analytics system called Tac-Miner to allow analysts to effectively analyze, explore, and compare tactics of multiple matches based on the advanced embedding and dimension reduction algorithms along with an interactive glyph. We evaluate our glyph's usability through a user study and demonstrate the system's usefulness through a case study with insights approved by coaches and domain experts.
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12
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Kyaw T, Loveland P, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Huang A, Peter K, Toh B, Bobik A. Alarmin-activated B cells accelerate atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction via plasma cell-immunoglobulin dependent mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and for years greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, such as stroke and MI. B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years.
Purpose
We investigated the role of B cells in adaptive immune responses to MI.
Methods
We used an apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model of MI-accelerated atherosclerosis to assess the importance of B cells using loss and gain of function approaches. In loss of function experiment, after inducing an MI we depleted B cells using an anti-CD20 antibody. Gain of function experiments involve transfers of purified MI-B cells from different donor mice, isolated one week after MI, into atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice.
Results
Depletion of B cells in MI mice prevented immunoglobulin G accumulation in plaques and MI-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis. Adoptive transfer of wildtype MI-B cells into atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice greatly increased IgG accumulation in plaque and accelerated atherosclerosis in recipient mice. Cytokines that promote humoral immunity were also greatly increased in B cells activated by MI. These cells formed germinal centres within the spleen where they differentiated into antibody-producing plasma cells. Transfer of MI-B cells deficient in Blimp-1, the transcriptional repressor that drives their terminal differentiation to antibody-producing plasma cells failed to accelerate atherosclerosis in recipient mice. Alarmins released from infarcted heart were responsible for activation of B cells via toll-like receptors; transfer of MI-B cells deficient in MyD88, the canonical adaptor protein for inflammatory signaling downstream of toll-like receptors, prevented acceleration of atherosclerosis in recipient mice.
Conclusion
Our data implicate early B cell activation and autoantibodies as a central cause for accelerated atherosclerosis post MI and identifies novel therapeutic strategies towards preventing recurrent cardiovascular events such as MI and stroke.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Loveland
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Kanellakis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Cao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Huang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B.H Toh
- Monash University, Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Hijazi W, Cao A, Ivers N, Bouck Z, Natarajan M, Schwalm J. IMPROVING LONG-TERM MEDICATION ADHERENCE FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS POST-MI THROUGH LONGER PRESCRIPTIONS AT INITIAL DISCHARGE: A PROCESS EVALUATION OF AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Wang J, Zhao K, Deng D, Cao A, Xie X, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Wu Y. Tac-Simur: Tactic-based Simulative Visual Analytics of Table Tennis. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2020; 26:407-417. [PMID: 31442999 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simulative analysis in competitive sports can provide prospective insights, which can help improve the performance of players in future matches. However, adequately simulating the complex competition process and effectively explaining the simulation result to domain experts are typically challenging. This work presents a design study to address these challenges in table tennis. We propose a well-established hybrid second-order Markov chain model to characterize and simulate the competition process in table tennis. Compared with existing methods, our approach is the first to support the effective simulation of tactics, which represent high-level competition strategies in table tennis. Furthermore, we introduce a visual analytics system called Tac-Simur based on the proposed model for simulative visual analytics. Tac-Simur enables users to easily navigate different players and their tactics based on their respective performance in matches to identify the player and the tactics of interest for further analysis. Then, users can utilize the system to interactively explore diverse simulation tasks and visually explain the simulation results. The effectiveness and usefulness of this work are demonstrated by two case studies, in which domain experts utilize Tac-Simur to find interesting and valuable insights. The domain experts also provide positive feedback on the usability of Tac-Simur. Our work can be extended to other similar sports such as tennis and badminton.
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Butrón A, Santiago R, Cao A, Samayoa LF, Malvar RA. QTLs for Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot in a Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Maize Population. Plant Dis 2019; 103:897-904. [PMID: 30856072 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1669-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternative approaches to linkage and association mapping using inbred panels may allow further insights into loci involved in resistance to Fusarium ear rot and lead to the discovery of suitable markers for breeding programs. Here, the suitability of a maize multiparent advanced-generation intercross population for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Fusarium ear rot resistance was evaluated and found to be valuable in uncovering genomic regions containing resistance-associated loci in temperate materials. In total, 13 putative minor QTLs were located over all of the chromosomes, except chromosome 5, and frequencies of favorable alleles for resistance to Fusarium ear rot were, in general, high. These findings corroborated the quantitative characteristic of resistance to Fusarium ear rot in which many loci have small additive effects. Present and previous results indicate that crucial regions such as 210 to 220 Mb in chromosome 3 and 166 to 173 Mb in chromosome 7 (B73-RefGen-v2) contain QTLs for Fusarium ear rot resistance and fumonisin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butrón
- 1 Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Box 28, Pontevedra 36080, Spain
| | - R Santiago
- 2 Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
- 3 Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Pontevedra 36143, Spain; and
| | - A Cao
- 1 Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Box 28, Pontevedra 36080, Spain
| | - L F Samayoa
- 4 Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | - R A Malvar
- 1 Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Box 28, Pontevedra 36080, Spain
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Samayoa LF, Cao A, Santiago R, Malvar RA, Butrón A. Genome-wide association analysis for fumonisin content in maize kernels. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:166. [PMID: 31029090 PMCID: PMC6486958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant breeding has been proposed as one of the most effective and environmentally safe methods to control fungal infection and to reduce fumonisin accumulation. However, conventional breeding can be hampered by the complex genetic architecture of resistance to fumonisin accumulation and marker-assisted selection is proposed as an efficient alternative. In the current study, GWAS has been performed for the first time for detecting high-resolution QTL for resistance to fumonisin accumulation in maize kernels complementing published GWAS results for Fusarium ear rot. RESULTS Thirty-nine SNPs significantly associated with resistance to fumonisin accumulation in maize kernels were found and clustered into 17 QTL. Novel QTLs for fumonisin content would be at bins 3.02, 5.02, 7.05 and 8.07. Genes with annotated functions probably implicated in resistance to pathogens based on previous studies have been highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Breeding approaches to fix favorable functional variants for genes implicated in maize immune response signaling may be especially useful to reduce kernel contamination with fumonisins without significantly interfering in mycelia development and growth and, consequently, in the beneficial endophytic behavior of Fusarium verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Samayoa
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Present address at department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - A. Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Facultad de Biología, Department Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R. Santiago
- Facultad de Biología, Department Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R. A. Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A. Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
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Huang L, Cao A. Abstract P4-03-08: Analyzing the clinical actionability of germline CYP2D6 polymorphism in Chinese breast cancer population. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-03-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:Tamoxifen is effective for endocrine-responsive breast cancer as adjuvant therapy. CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes tamoxifen to clinically active metabolites, while CYP2D6 polymorphisms may adversely affect tamoxifen efficacy by some retrospective clinical evidence. This study was carried out to estimate genotype frequencies of common variants of CYP2D6 in Chinese population. The relationship between prescription of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and CYP2D6 polymorphism was also analyzed.
Methods: This was a retrospective research of early-stage patients who underwent surgical treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center with ER+ and/or PR+ breast cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, which was used for genotyping CYP2D6*10 (C100T) single-nucleotide polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-based methods.
Results: A total of 312 patients with primary breast cancer were identified. More than 90.0% patients were in premenopausal status. The allele frequence of CYP2D6*10 in the Chinese population was 54.3%. The genotype frequencies of CYP2D6*10 were 20.5%, 50.3%, 29.2%, for wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous type respectively. We also found this SNP had no significant correlation with clinical characteristics. 145 patients were continuing endocrine treatment in first 5 years. 34.5% patients received CYP2D6 polymorphism test before the prescription of SERMs. The results significantly effected the choice of SERMs. Only 6.2% homozygous type patients took tamoxifen, 45.5% heterozygous patients chose tamoxifen, while 75.0% for wild type. 65.5% patients received CYP2D6 polymorphism test during the treatment of tamoxifen. 63.9% homozygous type patients switched to Toremifene, while 18.9% heterozygous patients changed the endocrine treatment.
Conclusions: The results showed that the frequence of CYP2D6*10 allele was high and nearly 30% Chinese breast cancer population were intermediate metabolizer for tamoxifen. The cyp2d6 polymorphism would influence prescription of SERM in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Patients with homozygous types should take other endocrine treatment instead of tamoxifen, which need more evidence of prospective clinical trials.
Citation Format: Huang L, Cao A. Analyzing the clinical actionability of germline CYP2D6 polymorphism in Chinese breast cancer population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - A Cao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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Borromeo GL, Ahmad MS, Buckley S, Bozanic M, Cao A, Al-Dabbagh M, Athale A. Perception of Special Needs Dentistry education and practice amongst Australian dental auxiliary students. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e321-e326. [PMID: 29024268 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of dental auxiliaries in collaborative care of patients with special needs is compelling. This study was undertaken to investigate the perceptions of Special Needs Dentistry (SND) education and practice amongst students enrolled in Australian programmes in dental auxiliary, namely dental hygiene, dental therapy and oral health therapy (DH/DT/OHT). MATERIALS AND METHODS All Australian institutions offering DH/DT/OHT programmes (n = 14) were invited to participate in a self-administered questionnaire survey, conducted online, involving students across all academic years. Twelve institutions agreed to participate, but only five institutions were included in the final analysis, with a student response rate of 31.1%. Answers to open-ended questions were coded and grouped for measurement of frequencies. Quantitative data were analysed via chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests (significance taken as P < .05). RESULTS The majority of students could not define SND (87.0%) were not aware of the existence of this specialty (53.5%) and did not have clinical experience treating patients with special needs (68.9%). Nevertheless, they felt comfortable and positive about treating these patients independently. Most agreed that they should receive clinical and didactic education in SND, with many of them expressing interest in pursuing a specialty training in this field. CONCLUSION DH/DT/OHT students' comfort levels, positive attitudes and supportiveness for SND suggested positive implications for these practitioners to partake in multidisciplinary management of patients with special needs, thus indicating the need for standardised training requirements and practice guidelines in this area of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Borromeo
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M S Ahmad
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - S Buckley
- Private Dental Practice Across Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Bozanic
- Private Dental Practice Across Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Cao
- Private Dental Practice Across Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Al-Dabbagh
- Private Dental Practice Across Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Athale
- Private Dental Practice Across Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Qian C, Cui C, Wang X, Zhou C, Hu P, Li M, Li R, Xiao J, Wang X, Chen P, Xing L, Cao A. Molecular characterisation of the broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew conferred by the Stpk-V gene from the wild species Haynaldia villosa. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2017; 19:875-885. [PMID: 28881082 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A key member of the Pm21 resistance gene locus, Stpk-V, derived from Haynaldia villosa, was shown to confer broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew. The present study was planned to investigate the resistance mechanism mediated by Stpk-V. Transcriptome analysis was performed in Stpk-V transgenic plants and recipient Yangmai158 upon Bgt infection, and detailed histochemical observations were conducted. Chromosome location of Stpk-V orthologous genes in Triticeae species was conducted for evolutionary study and over-expression of Stpk-V both in barley and Arabidopsis was performed for functional study. The transcriptome results indicate, at the early infection stage, the ROS pathway, JA pathway and some PR proteins associated with the SA pathway were activated in both the resistant Stpk-V transgenic plants and susceptible Yangmai158. However, at the later infection stage, the genes up-regulated at the early stage were continuously held only in the transgenic plants, and a large number of new genes were also activated in the transgenic plants but not in Yangmai158. Results indicate that sustained activation of the early response genes combined with later-activated genes mediated by Stpk-V is critical for resistance in Stpk-V transgenic plants. Stpk-V orthologous genes in the representative grass species are all located on homologous group six chromosomes, indicating that Stpk-V is an ancient gene in the grasses. Over-expression of Stpk-V enhanced host resistance to powdery mildew in barley but not in Arabidopsis. Our results enable a better understanding of the resistance mechanism mediated by Stpk-V, and establish a solid foundation for its use in cereal breeding as a gene resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Forage Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - C Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - C Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - P Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - M Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - R Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - J Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - P Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - L Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - A Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
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Sheng L, Su P, Han K, Chen J, Cao A, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Ma M. Synthesis and structural characterization of lysozyme–pullulan conjugates obtained by the Maillard reaction. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fernández-Boo S, Villalba A, Cao A. Protein expression profiling in haemocytes and plasma of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to infection with Perkinsus olseni. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:1369-1385. [PMID: 27233620 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein expression profiling in clam haemocytes and plasma in response to Perkinsus olseni was addressed. Adult Manila clams from a P. olseni-free bed were experimentally challenged with parasite zoospores to analyse immune response. In another experiment, the effects of longer term infection were assessed in adult clams collected from a P. olseni-affected bed, by comparing moderate to very heavily infected clams with non-infected ones. Haemocyte and plasma proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis; spot patterns were qualitatively compared between treatments within each experiment and the spots indicating differential protein expression associated with P. olseni challenge or with field infection were processed for protein identification. Fifteen clam proteins (four in haemocytes and eleven in plasma) of which expression was markedly affected by P. olseni were identified. Some of the identified proteins have a well-known role in clam immune response against the parasite, such as lysozyme and lectins. Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 could be a marker of resistance against P. olseni, which should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández-Boo
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - A Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - A Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Zwang NA, Zhang R, Germana S, Fan MY, Hastings WD, Cao A, Turka LA. Selective Sparing of Human Tregs by Pharmacologic Inhibitors of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and MEK Pathways. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2624-38. [PMID: 27017850 PMCID: PMC5007157 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated (MEK) signaling are central to the survival and proliferation of many cell types. Multiple lines of investigation in murine models have shown that control of the PI3K pathway is particularly important for regulatory T cell (Treg) stability and function. PI3K and MEK inhibitors are being introduced into the clinic, and we hypothesized that pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K, and possibly MEK, in mixed cultures of human mononuclear cells would preferentially affect CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes compared with Tregs. We tested this hypothesis using four readouts: proliferation, activation, functional suppression, and signaling. Results showed that Tregs were less susceptible to inhibition by both δ and α isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and by an MEK inhibitor compared with their conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) counterparts. These studies suggest less functional reliance on PI3K and MEK signaling in Tregs compared with conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes. Therefore, the PI3K and MEK pathways are attractive pharmacologic targets for transplantation and treatment of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Zwang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital Nephrology Joint Fellowship Program, Boston, MA
| | - R. Zhang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S. Germana
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - M. Y. Fan
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - A. Cao
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - L. A. Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Corresponding author: Laurence A. Turka,
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Rodbard HW, Seufert J, Aggarwal N, Cao A, Fung A, Pfeifer M, Alba M. Efficacy and safety of titrated canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin and sitagliptin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:812-9. [PMID: 27160639 PMCID: PMC5089595 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of titrated canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled on metformin and sitagliptin. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind study, patients with T2DM (N = 218) on metformin ≥1500 mg/day and sitagliptin 100 mg received canagliflozin 100 mg or placebo. After 6 weeks, the canagliflozin dose was increased from 100 to 300 mg (or from placebo to matching placebo) if all of the following criteria were met: baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥70 ml/min/1.73 m(2) ; fasting self-monitored blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l (≥100 mg/dl); and no volume depletion-related adverse events (AEs) within 2 weeks before dose increase. Endpoints included change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at week 26 (primary); proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0%; and changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Safety was assessed using AE reports. RESULTS Overall, 85.4% of patients were titrated to canagliflozin 300 mg or matching placebo (mean ± standard deviation time to titration 6.2 ± 0.8 weeks). At week 26, canagliflozin (pooled 100 and 300 mg) demonstrated superiority in HbA1c reduction versus placebo (-0.91% vs. -0.01%; p < 0.001). Canagliflozin provided significant reductions in FPG, body weight and SBP compared with placebo (p < 0.001). The overall AE incidence was 39.8 and 44.4% for canagliflozin and placebo, respectively. Canagliflozin was associated with an increased incidence of genital mycotic infections. CONCLUSIONS Titrated canagliflozin significantly improved HbA1c, FPG, body weight and SBP, and was generally well tolerated over 26 weeks in patients with T2DM as add-on to metformin and sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Rodbard
- Endocrine and Metabolic Consultants, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Seufert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Aggarwal
- Aggarwal and Associates Ltd, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - A Cao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - A Fung
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - M Pfeifer
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - M Alba
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
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Hosseini H, Li Y, Kanellakis P, Tay C, Cao A, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. Phosphatidylserine liposomes mimic apoptotic cells to attenuate atherosclerosis by expanding polyreactive IgM producing B1a lymphocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:443-452. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Cao A, Zhang J. A Prospective, Multicenter, Non-Interventional Study to Evaluate Quality of Life in Chinese Postmenopausal Hormone Receptor-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients During Treatment with Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu327.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vora SR, Kim N, Costa C, Lockerman EL, Li X, Chen Y, Cao A, Pinzon-Ortiz M, Liu M, Kim S, Schlegel R, Huang A, Engelman JA. Abstract S4-04: Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors in PIK3CA mutant breast cancer using CDK4/6 inhibition: Results from a combinatorial drug screen. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-s4-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Various components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are deregulated across a spectrum of human cancers. Notably, cancers with PIK3CA mutations, seen in roughly 30% of breast cancers, are amongst the most sensitive to PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) as single agents. Therefore, there have been great efforts to develop PI3K inhibitors specifically for these types of cancers, and many agents have already entered the clinic.
Although initial responses and prolonged stable disease have been observed, resistance frequently emerges. Moreover, there is a subset of PIK3CA mutated cancers that unexpectedly do not exhibit an initial response or disease stabilization upon exposure to PI3K inhibitors, despite presence of the mutation. These cancers are said to have de novo resistance to PI3K inhibition. To determine methods of overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors, we generated two models with acquired resistance to the p110a isoform specific inhibitor BYL-719 (BYL) using MDA-MB-453 (453) and T47D. We also established one model of resistance to the pan-PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 using MCF7 cells. These lines were chosen because of their PIK3CA mutated status and sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. Each cell line was grown in increasing concentrations of PI3K inhibitor until the cells proliferated readily at a dose of drug that effectively reduced cell viability and inhibited pAKT in the sensitive parental cell lines. Interestingly, both BYL resistant cells (453R and T47DR) were cross resistant GDC and the MCF7R line was refractory to BYL.
To elucidate mechanisms to overcome resistance to PI3K inhibitors, we undertook a combinatorial drug screen, in which PI3K inhibitor resistant cells were treated with escalating doses of a panel of 45 targeted agents, both in the presence and absence of a fixed dose of PI3Ki, to determine which agents synergized effectively with PI3K inhibition in these resistant cells. We observed in each of the three PI3Ki resistant models a synergy between the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE-011 and PI3K inhibition. We furthermore tested this combination of agents in a PIK3CA mutated breast cancer model with de novo resistance to PI3K inhibitors, CAL51, and again noted efficacy with the combination of GDC and LEE-011 while either agent on its own displayed minimal activity.
To determine whether addition of CDK 4/6 inhibition might be an effective addition to PI3Ki in the upfront setting in vivo, we injected each of the PIK3CA mutated lines MCF7, 453, and T47D into female nude mice and treated with vehicle, BYL, LEE-011, or the combination. We noted in each of the three models that the combination of agents, led to tumor regression that was more substantial than single agent treatment, and furthermore delayed the acquisition of resistance relative to single agent therapy. We furthermore tested GDC with LEE-011 singly and in combination in both MCF7 and CAL51 xenografts and again noted that the combination of agents led to tumor regression, whereas in these instances, single agent treatment did not.
We conclude that the combination of PI3K and CDK 4/6 inhibition may be an effective strategy for treating PIK3CA mutated breast cancer and deserves further study in the clinical setting.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S4-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- SR Vora
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - N Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - C Costa
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - EL Lockerman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - X Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Y Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - A Cao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - M Pinzon-Ortiz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - M Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - S Kim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - R Schlegel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - A Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - JA Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
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Nauwynck HJ, Van Gorp H, Vanhee M, Karniychuk U, Geldhof M, Cao A, Verbeeck M, Van Breedam W. Micro-Dissecting the Pathogenesis and Immune Response of PRRSV Infection Paves the Way for More Efficient PRRSV Vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 59 Suppl 1:50-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Qin C, Buxton K, Pepe S, Cao A, Venardos K, Love J, Kaye D, Yang Y, Morand E, Ritchie R. Role of FPR1 Formyl Peptide Receptors in the Cardioprotective Actions of Annexin-A1 Against Ischaemia–Reperfusion (I–R) Injury. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang D, Xu W, Wu Z, Guo M, Cao A. Alternaria tenuissima
causing leaf spot and fruit rot on pepper(
Capsicum annuum
): first report in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.024.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Department of PesticidesKey Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and ApplicationPlant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100193People's Republic of China
| | - D. Zhang
- Department of PesticidesKey Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and ApplicationPlant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100193People's Republic of China
| | - W. Xu
- Department of PesticidesKey Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and ApplicationPlant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100193People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Wu
- Department of PesticidesKey Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and ApplicationPlant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100193People's Republic of China
| | - M. Guo
- Department of PesticidesKey Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and ApplicationPlant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100193People's Republic of China
| | - A. Cao
- Department of PesticidesKey Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and ApplicationPlant Protection Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesMinistry of AgricultureBeijing100193People's Republic of China
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Ritchie R, Buxton K, Pepe S, Cao A, Venardos K, Love J, Yang Y, Morand E, Kaye D. Impaired Recovery of Left Ventricular (LV) Function after Acute Myocardial Reperfusion Injury is Rescued by the Anti-inflammatory Peptide Annexin-A1 (ANX-A1) Ex Vivo. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Sadler A, Pindel A, Larchoumanin O, Lancaster G, Febbraio M, Cao A, Tipping P, Williams B. PL1-6 PKR-Dependent control of obesity-related disease. Cytokine 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Díaz S, Cao A, Villalba A, Carballal MJ. Expression of mutant protein p53 and Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones in cockles Cerastoderma edule affected by neoplasia. Dis Aquat Organ 2010; 90:215-222. [PMID: 20815330 DOI: 10.3354/dao02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High prevalence of disseminated neoplasia has been found in cockles Cerastoderma edule of Galicia (NW Spain). Disseminated neoplasia has been associated with high mortalities of various bivalve species. In vertebrates, proteins such as p53 and heat shock proteins (HSPs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. The protein p53 has been detected in neoplastic cells of bivalve molluscs such as Mytilus edulis, Mytilus trossulus, Mya arenaria, Spisula solidissima, Crassostrea rhizophorae and Crassostrea gigas. In this study, western blotting analyses were used to test the expression of Hsp70, Hsp90 and mutant p53 proteins in the cells and plasma of the haemolymph of cockles showing various intensities of neoplasia. Disseminated neoplasia was previously diagnosed by examination of stained haemolymph monolayers with light microscopy. In the present study, mutant p53 was detected in haemolymph cells of cockles diagnosed as affected by moderate and heavy neoplasia intensity, whereas it was not detected in cockles with either no or light neoplasia. The higher the neoplasia intensity, the higher the levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90. These proteins were not found in plasma. The results reveal the possible association between p53 and HSPs in neoplastic cells of cockles, which could prevent p53 from carrying out its functions, as occurs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Díaz
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Aptdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Asunis I, Marini MG, Porcu L, Meloni A, Cabriolu AL, Cao A, Moi P. A novel missense mutation (C84R) in a patient with type II vitamin d-dependent rickets. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 118:177-9. [PMID: 20146166 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old boy with severe rickets that by clinical analysis was diagnosed as affected by type II vitamin D-dependent rickets, was evaluated for mutations in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR). The molecular analysis showed a homozygous state for a novel missense mutation (C84R) in a highly conserved nucleotide in the second Zn finger of the DNA binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Asunis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Cagliari, Italy
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Cao A. [The customized and predictive medicine]. Minerva Pediatr 2009; 61:613-614. [PMID: 19935508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Cao
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
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35
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Scuteri A, Najjar SS, Orru' M, Albai G, Strait J, Tarasov KV, Piras MG, Cao A, Schlessinger D, Uda M, Lakatta EG. Age- and gender-specific awareness, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical vascular lesions in a founder population: the SardiNIA Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:532-541. [PMID: 19321325 PMCID: PMC4658660 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the gender-specific control of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and subclinical vascular lesions in a founder population in Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS 6148 subjects were enrolled (aged 14-102 years) from four towns. Hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia (LIP) were defined in accordance with guidelines. A self-reported diagnosis defined awareness of these conditions, and the current use of specific medications as treatment. Prevalence was HT 29.2%, DM 4.8%, LIP 44.1% and was higher in men than in women. Disease prevalence increased with age for every CV risk factor. Men were less likely than women to take anti-HT drugs and to reach BP control (9.9% vs. 16%). Only 17.6% of HT > 65 years had a BP < or =140/90 mmHg, though 48.5% were treated. The use of statins was very low (<1/3 of eligible subjects > 65 years, those with the highest treatment rate). The ratio of control-to-treated HT was lower in subjects with, than in those without, thicker carotid arteries (31.5% vs. 38.8%, p < 0.05) or stiffer aortas (26.0% vs. 40.0%, p < 0.05) or carotid plaques (26.3% vs. 41.1%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION A large number of subjects at high CV risk are not treated and the management of subclinical vascular lesions is far from optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scuteri
- UO Geriatria, INRCA, IRCCS, Via Cassia 1167, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
In this study, we carried out alpha-globin gene mapping in 12 heterozygotes for Hb J Sardegna and in 5 double heterozygotes for this variant and beta-thalassemia. Then, we correlated the Hb pattern with the alpha and beta-globin genotype. In heterozygotes for Hb J Sardegna with a deletion of a single alpha-globin gene (alpha alpha/-alpha) the amount of the abnormal Hb was significantly (p much less than 0.001) higher than in heterozygotes for this variant with a full complement of 4 alpha-globin structural genes (27.5% versus 20.4%). Double heterozygotes for the abnormal hemoglobin and beta-thalassemia with a full complement of 4 alpha-globin structural genes tended to have lower amount of the abnormal Hb than heterozygotes for this variant who do not have beta-thalassemia.
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37
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Reynier P, Briane D, Coudert R, Fadda G, Bouchemal N, Bissieres P, Taillandier E, Cao A. Modifications in the Head Group and in the Spacer of Cholesterol-based Cationic Lipids Promote Transfection in Melanoma B16-F10 Cells and Tumours. J Drug Target 2008; 12:25-38. [PMID: 15203909 DOI: 10.1080/10611860410001683040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of four cationic lipids derived from cholesterol was synthesised and their efficiencies to vectorise nucleic acids were compared. The investigation concerns the effects of systematic chemical modifications in the polar head and in the spacer. The cationic lipid molecules used are in the same family of 3beta[N-(N',N',N'-trimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol iodide (TMAEC-Chol), presenting a spacer of two or three carbons and a quaternary ammonium polar head ramified with methyl or ethyl groups. These lipids formed stable liposomes sizing from 100 to 200 nm when prepared with the colipid dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). The goal of this work was to investigate the effect of the chemical structure of these cationic lipids on lipofection. Their ability to form complexes with DNA, their cytotoxicity and their transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo were studied. Results were compared with those obtained from the well known cholesterol-based cationic lipid DC-Chol. In a melanoma cell line (B16-F10), results showed that either the polar head or the spacer affected the cytotoxicity. Cationic lipids with three ethyl groups in the head are more toxic than those with three methyl groups while cationic lipids with three carbons in the spacer are less toxic than those with two carbons in the spacer. The best transfection level was obtained in vitro and in vivo with cationic lipids having 3C in the spacer. Data indicated that among these lipids, in vivo gene transfer is advantaged by the methylated polar head while in vitro the best level was obtained with the ethylated one. Finally, it was observed that the chemical structure influences the transfection in the presence of serum while the complex charge and the DOPE ratios in liposomes preferentially affect the interaction with erythrocytes. Argumentations are proposed to explain the discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo transfection results concerning the optimal charge ratio and the chemical nature of the cationic lipid head group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reynier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale et Spectroscopie Biomoléculaire, CNRS UMR, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris XIII, 74 rue Marcel Cachin F93017, Bobigny Cedex, France
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Muntoni F, Mateddu A, Marrosu MG, Cau M, Congiu R, Melis MA, Cao A, Cianchetti C. Variable dystrophin expression in different muscles of a Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier. Clin Genet 2008; 42:35-8. [PMID: 1355417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1992.tb03133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) female carriers show dystrophin immunostaining abnormalities, although a significant proportion of clinically non-manifesting carriers are normal following this analysis. We had the opportunity to study dystrophin immunostaining in two different muscles, the vastus lateralis and the rectus abdominis of a possible DMD carrier. While the vastus showed normal dystrophin immunostaining, pathological staining was detected in her rectus abdominis. These findings seem to indicate that dystrophin expression can vary in different muscle groups of a DMD carrier. The implications of these findings in DMD carrier detection and possible dystrophin function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Muntoni
- Instituto di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Cagliari, Italy
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Cao A, Congiu R, Sollaino MC, Desogus MF, Demartis FR, Loi D, Cau M, Galanello R. Thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase screening in 13- to 14-year-old students of the Sardinian population: preliminary findings. Public Health Genomics 2008; 11:121-8. [PMID: 18376107 DOI: 10.1159/000113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper we describe the outline and results of a 7-year screening programme for thalassaemias and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in 13- to 14-year-old students from the Sardinian population. METHOD This programme had several steps: formal education on thalassaemia, request of informed consent by parents, blood testing and genetic counselling. RESULTS Out of 63,285 subjects tested, 6,521 (10.3%) were heterozygotes for beta-thalassaemia, 16,175 (25.6%) for alpha-thalassaemia and 101 were carriers of a haemoglobin variant. One thousand four hundred and twenty (16.4%) males were hemizygotes for G6PD deficiency and 1,893 (20.6%) females were heterozygotes. CONCLUSION The uptake of the programme was remarkably high and homogeneous across the island, indicating and confirming a great interest of the Sardinian population in any initiative directed at the prevention of homozygous beta-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cao
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italia.
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Ali SM, Reisner LA, King B, Cao A, Auner G, Klein M, Pandya AK. Eye gaze tracking for endoscopic camera positioning: an application of a hardware/software interface developed to automate Aesop. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 132:4-7. [PMID: 18391246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A redesigned motion control system for the medical robot Aesop allows automating and programming its movements. An IR eye tracking system has been integrated with this control interface to implement an intelligent, autonomous eye gaze-based laparoscopic positioning system. A laparoscopic camera held by Aesop can be moved based on the data from the eye tracking interface to keep the user's gaze point region at the center of a video feedback monitor. This system setup provides autonomous camera control that works around the surgeon, providing an optimal robotic camera platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ali
- ECE Department, Wayne State University, MI 48202, USA.
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Cao A, Rosatelli MC, Galanello R. Control of beta-thalassaemia by carrier screening, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis: the Sardinian experience. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 197:137-51; discussion 151-5. [PMID: 8827372 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514887.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous beta-thalassaemia in a number of at-risk populations (Greek and Turkish Cypriots, Greeks, Continental Italians and Sardinians) has been prevented at the population level by programmes based on carrier screening, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. The Sardinian experience is based on a 20-year programme. Voluntary screening has been offered to prospective parents and, primarily, to women with an ongoing pregnancy. Education of the population at large, training of health personnel, and use of posters and informative booklets have been critical elements for the success of the programme. Genetic counselling has been carried out in a non-directive manner following well-established guidelines. The use of extended family screening magnified the efficacy of the screening programme, allowing the identification of the large majority of parents at risk by screening only 13% of the population at child-bearing age. Following counselling, the large majority of parents accepted prenatal diagnosis. Definition of the parents' mutation and prenatal diagnosis were carried out by a number of PCR-based procedures. The programme was effective, as indicated by the reduction of the birth rate of thalassaemia major from 1:250 live births to 1:4000.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cao
- Istituto di Clinica e Biologia dell'Età Evolutiva, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy
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Cao A, Hernandez-McClain J, Willis J, Harrop R, Shingler W, Chikoti P, Drury N, Amato R. Activity of MVA 5T4 alone or in combination with either interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-α (IFN) in patients (Pts) with metastatic renal cell cancer (MRCC). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3069 Background: MVA 5T4 consists of the highly attenuated modified Vaccinia Ankara virus containing the gene encoding the human TAA 5T4. Ninety percent or more of RCCs overexpress the 5T4 antigen. A series of clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of MVA 5T4 as a single agent or in combination with Interleukin-2 or Interferon Alpha 2B. Methods: Eligibility: pathologic diagnosis of clear cell or papillary RCC, progressive measurable metastases, any prior therapy, adequate physiologic parameters, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) = 80%, and no active CNS involvement. A regimen of MVA 5T4 alone or in combination with IFN or IL-2 was given. Results: A total of 41 patients received MVA 5T4 alone or in combination. 33 patients received MVA 5T4 with low dose IL-2 or IFN. 23 pts had clear cell; 12 papillary; 5 mixed clear cell; and 1 mixed papillary. 19 pts continue to receive therapy. 2 pts (both clear cell RCC) developed complete responses, 3 pts/partial responses (2 clear cell, 1 papillary) 8 pts/stable for 3+months and 6 pts are too early to be staged at this time. Median duration of therapy is 3.0+ (1+-13+) months. Conclusion: Although comparable antibody response were observed in papillary and clear cell histotypes, clear cell patients appeared to be more likely to respond in terms of clinical benefit parameters, to be presented. Of note is that preliminary analysis of clear cell patients suggests a relationship between the anti-5T4 immune response and tumor response. With the immunological potency and encouraging clinical activity, the future research will focus on the phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled parallel group study to investigate whether MVA 5T4, added to first line standard of care therapy, prolongs the survival of patients with locally advanced or metastatic clear cell as well as studies to further optimize MVA 5T4 potency. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cao
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J. Hernandez-McClain
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J. Willis
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Harrop
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - W. Shingler
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P. Chikoti
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N. Drury
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Amato
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; Oxford Biomedica UK, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dumpuri P, Thompson RC, Dawant BM, Cao A, Miga MI. An atlas-based method to compensate for brain shift: preliminary results. Med Image Anal 2007; 11:128-45. [PMID: 17336133 PMCID: PMC3819812 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compensating for intraoperative brain shift using computational models has shown promising results. Since computational time is an important factor during neurosurgery, a priori knowledge of the possible sources of deformation can increase the accuracy of model-updated image-guided systems. In this paper, a strategy to compensate for distributed loading conditions in the brain such as brain sag, volume changes due to drug reactions, and brain swelling due to edema is presented. An atlas of model deformations based on these complex loading conditions is computed preoperatively and used with a constrained linear inverse model to predict the intraoperative distributed brain shift. This relatively simple inverse finite-element approach is investigated within the context of a series of phantom experiments, two in vivo cases, and a simulation study. Preliminary results indicate that the approach recaptured on average 93% of surface shift for the simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments. With respect to subsurface shift, comparisons were only made with simulation and phantom experiments and demonstrated an ability to recapture 85% of the shift. This translates to a remaining surface and subsurface shift error of 0.7+/-0.3 mm, and 1.0+/-0.4 mm, respectively, for deformations on the order of 1cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Dumpuri
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. 1631, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Reid C. Thompson
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, T-4224MCN/VUMC, Nashville, TN 37232 2380, United States
| | - Benoit M. Dawant
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, P.O. 351679, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - A. Cao
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. 1631, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Michael I. Miga
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. 1631, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 615 343 8336; fax: +1 615 343 7919. , (M.I. Miga)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many surgical robotic interfaces allow users to interact with robots over a wide potential range of motion, yet variation in operator performance across a range of motion remains unexamined. This research identifies and explores a new construct, the surgeon's 'comfortable working envelope' within the available range of motion, as a factor in surgical robotic interface design. METHODS Task accuracy and completion time for a simple aimed movement task were analysed as a function of participant hand positions obtained via infrared motion tracking. RESULTS Hand positions outside the 'comfortable working envelope' led to a 20% increase in error magnitude. With respect to the overall input device range of motion, there were large variations in performance, up to 31% difference in error magnitude and 11% difference in movement time. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that advanced surgical robots should have intelligent re-indexing strategies. Alternatively, the robot's control gain should adaptively change with respect to hand position to normalize a surgeon's performance throughout his/her working volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Golenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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45
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Amato R, Karediy M, Cao A, Khan M, Naylor S, McDonald M, Harrop R, Shingler W, Chikoti P, Drury N. 113 POSTER Phase II trial to assess the activity of MVA5T4 (Trovax®) alone versus MVA5T4 plus granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients (pts) with progressive hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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46
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Ritchie R, Lin E, Cao A, Kemp-Harper B. Novel prevention of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by the nitroxyl anion via antioxidant actions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Ritchie R, Cao A, Kiriazis H, Xu Q, Du XJ, Kaye D. Atrial natriuretic peptide ameloriates diabetic cardiomyopathy in insulin-deficient rats in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Cao A. Molecular pathology of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Pediatr Med Chir 2005; 27:55-62. [PMID: 16913634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Cao
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia CNR, Cagliari
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49
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Abstract
We report two novel mutations, c.230T>C (p.F77S) and c.64_69del (p.V22_D23del) within the HSR domain of the AIRE protein in two patients of Italian descent affected by APECED. Both mutations were found in the compound heterozygous state respectively with c.994+5G>T and c.232T>A (p.W78R). With the two-hybrid assay in the yeast system we found that constructs containing the two mutations fail to interact with the wild-type protein. These findings indicate that both mutations negatively affected the homodimerization properties of the AIRE protein, thereby leading to a defective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meloni
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
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50
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Percot A, Briane D, Coudert R, Reynier P, Bouchemal N, Lièvre N, Hantz E, Salzmann JL, Cao A. A hydroxyethylated cholesterol-based cationic lipid for DNA delivery: effect of conditioning. Int J Pharm 2004; 278:143-63. [PMID: 15158957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2003] [Revised: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesised a novel cholesterol-based cationic lipid to promote DNA transfer in cells. This lipid, dimethyl hydroxyethyl aminopropane carbamoyl cholesterol iodide (DMHAPC-Chol) contains a biodegradable carbamoyl linker and a hydroxyethyl group in the polar amino head moiety and is characterised by NMR. Liposomes prepared from this lipid and dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) in equimolar proportion showed a weak cytotoxicity as revealed by MTT assays and are efficient to deliver plasmids DNA evaluated by the expression of reporter genes in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we present an original method to determine the lipid concentration based on the colorimetric detection of the colipid DOPE and the measure of the molar ratio DOPE/cationic lipid in the liposome by FTIR spectroscopy. The liposomes and lipid/DNA complexes structures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS). TEM indicated that the complexes correspond to aggregates containing globular substructures with liposomes size. The method of immuno-gold labelling was used to detect plasmid in the complex and reveals the presence of DNA inside the aggregates. Transfection results showed efficient DNA transfer depending on the charge ratio and liposomes conditioning. Gel retardation results indicated that at a molar charge ratio between X = 1.5 and X = 2.5 (depending on the liposome conditioning), all DNA was taken by liposomes. We showed that conditioning by freeze-drying (lyophilization) facilitates storage and improves transfection efficiency. When the liposomes were lyophilized prior to DNA addition or when the complexes were subjected to freeze-thawing cycles, the obtained complexes showed a transfection with levels enhanced up to four and five-fold respectively for the lyophilized liposomes and freeze-thawed complexes. NMR was used to characterize the modifications under freezing which showed an effect on 31P spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Percot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Structurale et Spectroscopie Biomoléculaire (CSSB), CNRS UMR 7033, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, Bobigny Cedex F93017, France
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