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Mewborn EK, Tolley EA, Wright DB, Doneen AL, Harvey M, Stanfill AG. Haptoglobin genotype is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in prediabetes: A case-control study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 17:100625. [PMID: 38188671 PMCID: PMC10770712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) prediction remains inconsistent with many unappreciated risk factors. Haptoglobin genotype determines the haptoglobin protein's effectiveness to bind free hemoglobin and prevent oxidative stress, a contributor to atherosclerosis. The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype increases the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) approximately five times compared to the 1-1 genotype in individuals with diabetes. The risk is unknown in prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine an association between haptoglobin genotype and CAD in prediabetes. Methods The researchers used case-control convenience sampling from two cardiovascular disease prevention clinics in Memphis, TN, and Spokane, WA, from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2020. Participants were ages 35-70, had prediabetes, and free of chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases. Cases had a history of subclinical or clinical CAD, while controls did not have a history of CAD. Differences between cases and controls and among haptoglobin genotypes were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Associations among Hp genotypes and CAD were estimated using logistic regression. Results The sample (N = 178; 72 cases and 106 controls) was 96 % white and 64 % male. Cases had lower total cholesterol (p = 0.0001) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.021). Except for CAD, haptoglobin genotype was independent of any demographic or clinical variable. Haptoglobin 2-2 genotype had 4.0 times higher odds of CAD than haptoglobin 1-1 (p = 0.01). Conclusion Haptoglobin 2-2 genotype had approximately four times higher odds of having CAD compared to the haptoglobin 1-1 genotype. Cases had more desirable clinical profiles, likely attributable to more aggressive treatment of traditional risk factors than controls. Haptoglobin genotype is a potentially important CAD risk factor in prediabetes (88 million Americans). Further studies are needed for interventions to reduce the oxidative stress associated with the Hp 2-2 genotype and glycosylated hemoglobin and for CAD reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kate Mewborn
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Suite G022B, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ann Tolley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Amy Lynn Doneen
- The Prevention Center for Heart & Brain Health, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Margaret Harvey
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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2
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Stanfill AG, Martin MY. Choose your own adventure: A perspective on career development. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e143. [PMID: 37396812 PMCID: PMC10308419 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Martin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke survivors (SS) may experience alterations in physical and cognitive processes that increase stress and reduce well-being. Timely and accurate measurement of stress throughout the continuum of recovery is necessary to inform targeted interventions that will improve quality of life for this group. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the utilization of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) during recovery in SS. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies were included if they captured primary data collection using any version of the PSS at any time point in the poststroke recovery period and were published in English between 2011 and 2022. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Evidence was synthesized, and themes were discussed. RESULTS: Among 397 studies, a total of 13 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 8 were cross-sectional studies, 3 were longitudinal studies, 1 was a randomized controlled trial, and the remaining study was a prospective nonrandomized trial. The PSS-10 (n = 7, 54%) was the most used version of the instrument, followed by the PSS-14 (n = 3, 23%) and PSS-4 (n = 2, 15.4%), with the modified PSS-10 being used in only 1 (7.6%) study. The PSS surveys were administered at various time points, ranging from the first day of admission to 3, 6, 9, or 12 months after discharge. Perceived stress may continue to negatively influence SS's psychological and physical well-being throughout the chronic phase of recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Stress is a unique and individualized experience that influences recovery trajectories in SS, an experience often overlooked or marginalized by clinicians and healthcare providers. To help mobilize strategies to achieve long-term health and wellness goals, future studies should explore and tailor interventions to minimize the influence of stress, as identified by the PSS, on well-being and quality of life during poststroke recovery.
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4
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Martin MY, Stanfill AG. On the road to achieving work-life balance in academia. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:553-556. [PMID: 36789892 PMCID: PMC10087064 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Martin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Ismael S, Patrick D, Salman M, Parveen A, Stanfill AG, Ishrat T. Verapamil inhibits TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation and preserves functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105423. [PMID: 36244583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke with no satisfactory treatment. Recent studies from our group and others indicated a potential positive effect of verapamil, a commonly prescribed calcium channel blocker, with thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibitor properties, in ischemic stroke and cognitive disorders. It is unclear whether there would be a beneficial effect of verapamil administration in ICH. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effects of verapamil in a murine ICH model. ICH was induced by stereotactic injection of collagenase type VII (0.075 U) into the right striatum of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) or saline was administered intravenously at 1 h post-ICH followed by oral (1 mg/kg/d) administration in drinking water for 28 days. Motor and cognitive function were assessed using established tests for motor coordination, spatial learning, short- and long-term memory. A subset of animals was sacrificed at 72 h after ICH for molecular analysis. Verapamil treatment reduced expression of TXNIP and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome activation in the perihematomal area. These protective effects of verapamil were associated with decreased proinflammatory mediators, microglial activation, and blood-brain barrier permeability markers and paralleled less phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B level. Our findings also demonstrate that long-term low-dose verapamil effectively attenuated motor and cognitive impairments. Taken together, these data indicate that verapamil has therapeutic potential in improving acute motor function after ICH. Further investigations are needed to confirm whether verapamil treatment could be a promising candidate for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Devlin Patrick
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arshi Parveen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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6
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Prather JG, Baughman B, Alexandrov AW, Grimes Stanfill A. A Conceptual Model of the Influence of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Conditions. Holist Nurs Pract 2022; 36:67-75. [PMID: 35166247 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic conditions are susceptible to stress-related health complications. Left unattended, chronic stress exacerbates inflammation, diminishes quality of life (QOL), and increases all-cause mortality. Here, we suggest a theoretical framework promoting the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in patients with chronic conditions and a conceptual model of how MBIs may influence stress and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer G Prather
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Ms Prather and Drs Alexandrov and Grimes Stanfill); Semmes Murphy Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee (Dr Baughman); and Departments of Neurosurgery (Dr Baughman) and Neurology (Dr Alexandrov), College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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7
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Abstract
Despite a growing interest in multi-omic research, individual investigators may struggle to collect large-scale omic data, particularly from human subjects. Publicly available datasets can help to address this problem, including those sponsored by the NIH Common Fund, such as the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. This database contains genotype and expression data obtained from 54 non-diseased tissues in human subjects. But these data are often underutilized, because users may find the browsing tools to be counterintuitive or have difficulty navigating the procedures to request controlled data access. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge of these resources among nurse scientists interested in incorporating such information into their programs of research. This article outlines the procedures for using the GTEx database. Next, we provide one exemplar of using this resource to enhance existing research by investigating expression of dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2) across brain tissues in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, 4285University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, 4285University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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8
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Abstract
COVID-19 causes severe respiratory and multiorgan failure, including liver damage and elevated transaminase levels. This article addresses the potential causes of liver function abnormalities in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and management approaches for NPs focusing on preventing and alleviating liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricketta Clark
- Ricketta Clark is assistant professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn. Bradford Waters is Professor of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn., and section chief, Gastroenterology, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tenn. Ansley Grimes Stanfill is Associate Dean of Research and associate professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn
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9
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Abstract
Background: Equestrian athletes (horse riders) are at high risk for head injury, including concussions. Materials & methods: Adults riders were recruited via social media posting to complete a branching survey collecting data on demographics, riding experience, helmet use, injury history and concussion symptom knowledge. Results are reported as frequencies and percentages, with associations tested using chi-square with significance level p < 0.05. Results: Of the 2598 subjects, about 75% reported always wearing a helmet. Of those who did not, the most common reasons were that helmets are unnecessary (57.4%) or do not fit well (48.6%). Many indicated improper storage conditions and/or did not follow manufacturer’s replacement recommendations. Most (75.4%) reported a high level of comfort with recognizing concussion signs, with half experiencing a prior head injury. Conclusion: This information suggests opportunities for intervention to improve helmet use through increased fit, while the responses indicate a need for further education on proper helmet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kayla Wynja
- Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Drew Prescott
- Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sarah Shore
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Brandon Baughman
- Semmes Murphey Clinic, 6325 Humphreys Blvd, Memphis, TN 38120, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anthony Oddo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jack W Tsao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, 50 N. Dunlap St, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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10
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11
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Porter K, Jackson G, Clark R, Waller M, Stanfill AG. Applying Social Determinants of Health to Nursing Education Using a Concept-Based Approach. J Nurs Educ 2020; 59:293-296. [DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20200422-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Despite increasing attention to concussion safety, many young athletes still do not report concussion-like symptoms to athletic staff. This systematic review was conducted to identify barriers and facilitators to reporting of concussions by high school and collegiate athletes. The review was conducted using PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and Cochrane Library. Original research articles were deemed eligible if they contained either qualitative or quantitative data on barriers and facilitators of high school and collegiate athletes self-reporting concussion symptoms to athletic staff. For those articles that met inclusion criteria, both authors critically read each article, summarized reasons given by the authors, and then categorized this information into a barrier or a facilitator of concussion-reporting behavior. Of the 878 articles returned, 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Major facilitators were female sex and younger age. Major barriers were a fear of losing current or future playing time, a misconception that concussive injury is not serious, a fear of letting one's team down, and a lack of knowledge of concussion signs and symptoms. Future interventions should address these issues, incorporate primary and secondary prevention strategies, and emphasize the long-term risks of playing while concussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricketta Clark
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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13
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Stanfill AG, Aycock D, Dionne‐Odom JN, Rosa WE. Strategies and Resources for Increasing the PhD Pipeline and Producing Independent Nurse Scientists. J Nurs Scholarsh 2019; 51:717-726. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Associate Professor & Associate Dean of Research University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Nursing Memphis TN USA
| | - Dawn Aycock
- Associate Professor & Director, PhD in Nursing Program Georgia State University, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions Atlanta GA USA
| | - J. Nicholas Dionne‐Odom
- Assistant Professor University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing Birmingham AL USA
| | - William E. Rosa
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Future of Nursing Scholar University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing Philadelphia PA USA
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14
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Oddo A, O'Conor E, Shore S, Piraino M, Gibney K, Tsao J, Stanfill AG. Making Headway for Discussions About Concussions: Experiences of Former High School and Collegiate Student-Athletes. Front Neurol 2019; 10:698. [PMID: 31333560 PMCID: PMC6624741 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand how to identify and treat student-athletes who experience concussions, better insight into reporting behavior of athletes is needed. This study aims to identify information influencing athletes' attitudes toward reporting their concussions and the perceived trajectory of their recovery both athletically and academically. Twenty-five former high school and collegiate athletes who experienced concussions in a wide variety of sports, organizational levels, and time periods gave insight through structured, qualitative interviews. A number of factors regarding education about concussions, proper diagnosis of concussions, and motivational pressures within high school and collegiate athletics were assessed. Eight major themes were identified regarding the participants' experiences with sport-related concussion: optimism bias, invisibility of the injury, diagnostic barriers, desire to play, external support and pressures, uncertainty of long-term prognosis, generational factors, and protection of future athletes. The findings support that underreporting of concussions among those players interviewed is related to misperceived risk, lack of education, and a struggle between internal and external pressures to play through injury. However, those who did seek medical and academic support, often did receive the necessary aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Oddo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ellen O'Conor
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sarah Shore
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mary Piraino
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kyla Gibney
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jack Tsao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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15
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Narayana S, Charles C, Collins K, Tsao JW, Stanfill AG, Baughman B. Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Studies in Sports-Related Concussions in Adolescents: Current State and Future Directions. Front Neurol 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31178818 PMCID: PMC6542940 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports-related concussion, is a serious neurological concern that many adolescent athletes will face during their athletic careers. In some instances, the effects of sports-related head injury are long-lasting. Due to their still-developing brains, adolescents appear to be more vulnerable to long-term repercussions of these injuries. As all sports-related concussions are mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), this review we will examine the pathophysiology of mTBI, its acute effects and long-term risks from sustaining injury, and current and needed advancements in the areas of neuropsychological testing, accelerometer telemetry, and neuroimaging. Current methods do not adequately measure the extent of an injury that an athlete may sustain, potentially putting these athletes at a much greater risk for long-term effects. To better understand mTBI, neuropsychological testing best practices need to be developed, standardized, and implemented based on sound scientific evidence in order to be propagated as clinical guidelines. Wearable accelerometers can be used to assess thresholds for mTBI and cumulative effects of concussive and subconcussive injuries. Novel neuroimaging methods that can detect anatomical abnormalities and functional deficits with more specificity and sensitivity should be developed. Young athletes are particularly a vulnerable population warranting immediate and significant research aimed at protecting them against sports related injury and mitigating their long-term deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, The Neuroscience Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christopher Charles
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kassondra Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jack W Tsao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Neurology, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Brandon Baughman
- Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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16
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Abstract
Most common disorders affecting human health are not attributable to simple Mendelian (single-gene) inheritance patterns. Rather, the risk of developing a complex disease is often the result of interactions across genes, whereby one gene modifies the phenotype of another gene. These types of interactions can occur between two or more genes and are referred to as epistasis. There are five major types of epistatic interactions, but in human genetics, additive epistasis is most often discussed and includes both positive and negative subtypes. Detecting epistatic interactions can be quite difficult because seemingly unrelated genes can interact with and influence each other. As a result of this complexity, statistical geneticists are constantly developing new methods to enhance detection, but there are disadvantages to each proposed method. In this article, we explore the concept of epistasis, discuss different types of epistatic interactions, and provide a brief introduction to statistical methods researchers use to uncover sets of epistatic interactions. Then, we consider Alzheimer's disease as an exemplar for a disease with epistatic effects. Finally, we provide helpful resources, where nurses can learn more about epistasis in order to incorporate these methods into their own program of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- 1 Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,2 Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- 2 Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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17
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McCall MK, Stanfill AG, Skrovanek E, Pforr JR, Wesmiller SW, Conley YP. Symptom Science: Omics Supports Common Biological Underpinnings Across Symptoms. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:183-191. [PMID: 29325450 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417751069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For precision health care to be successful, an in-depth understanding of the biological mechanisms for symptom development and severity is essential. Omics-based research approaches facilitate identification of the biological underpinnings of symptoms. We reviewed literature for omics-based approaches and exemplar symptoms (sleep disruption, cognitive impairment, fatigue, gastrointestinal [GI] distress, and pain) to identify genes associated with the symptom or symptoms across disease processes. The review yielded 27 genes associated with more than one symptom. ABCB1 (MDR1), APOE, BDNF, CNR1, COMT, DAT1 (SLC6A3), DRD4, ESR1, HLA-DRB1, IL10, IL1B, IL6, LTA, PTGS2 (COX-2), SLC6A4, and TNF were associated with cognitive impairment and pain, which had the most genes in common. COMT and TNF were related to all symptoms except sleep disruption. IL1B was associated with all symptoms except cognitive impairment. IL10, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, and IL8 (CXCL8) were linked with all the exemplar symptoms in various combinations. ABCB1 (MDR1) and SLC6A4 were associated with cognitive impairment, GI distress, and pain. IL10 and IL6 were linked to cognitive impairment, fatigue, and pain. APOE and BDNF were associated with sleep disruption, cognitive impairment, and pain. The 27 genes were associated with canonical pathways including immune, inflammatory, and cell signaling. The pathway analysis generated a 15-gene model from the 27 as well as 3 networks, which incorporated new candidate genes. The findings support the hypothesis of overlapping biological underpinnings across the exemplar symptoms. Candidate genes may be targeted in future omics research to identify mechanisms of co-occurring symptoms for potential precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura K McCall
- 1 University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yvette P Conley
- 1 University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence, with over 3 million cases reported every year in the United States. While research into the underlying pathophysiology is ongoing, there is an urgent need for better clinical guidelines that allow more consistent diagnosis of mTBI and ensure safe return-to-play timelines for athletes, nonathletes, and military personnel. The development of a suite of biomarkers that indicate the pathogenicity of mTBI could lead to clinically useful tools for establishing both diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we review the current evidence for mTBI biomarkers derived from investigations of the multifactorial pathology of mTBI. While the current literature lacks the scope and size for clarification of these biomarkers' clinical utility, early studies have identified some promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jack W Tsao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurology, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, and.,Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Heinsberg LW, Turi E, Ren D, Crago E, Alexander S, Stanfill AG, Conley YP. Evaluation of APOE Genotype and Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Living Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 20:177-182. [PMID: 29258400 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417746504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often experience unfavorable functional outcomes that result in a reduced ability to independently perform activities of daily living. The apolipoprotein E gene ( APOE) encodes for a protein known to facilitate lipid transport and aid in neuronal repair within the central nervous system and to moderate the inflammatory response, making functional variations in this gene likely candidate biomarkers to predict outcomes following aSAH. In the present work, we examined the relationship between APOE genotype and the ability to perform activities of daily living as measured by the Barthel Index (BI) score at 3 months ( n = 298) and 12 months ( n = 288) following aSAH. APOE genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion and gel electrophoresis and treated as binary variables depending on the presence or absence of alleles E4 and E2. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether APOE genotype accounted for variability in BI score after controlling for age, sex, and severity of clinical condition as measured by the Hunt and Hess classification. No significant association was found between the presence of allele E4 and BI score at 3 ( p = .20) or 12 months ( p = .29) or between the presence of allele E2 and BI score at 3 ( p = .23) or 12 months ( p = .86) after controlling for covariates. The results of this study do not support a relationship between APOE genotype and the ability to perform activities of daily living after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanor Turi
- 2 Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dianxu Ren
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Crago
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheila Alexander
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- 3 College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,4 College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yvette Perry Conley
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Stanfill AG, Conley Y, Cashion A, Thompson C, Homayouni R, Cowan P, Hathaway D. Neurogenetic and Neuroimaging Evidence for a Conceptual Model of Dopaminergic Contributions to Obesity. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 17:413-21. [PMID: 25576324 DOI: 10.1177/1099800414565170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of obesity continues to rise, clinicians and researchers alike are seeking explanations for why some people become obese while others do not. While caloric intake and physical activity most certainly play a role, some individuals continue to gain weight despite careful attention to these factors. Increasing evidence suggests that genetics may play a role, with one potential explanation being genetic variability in genes within the neurotransmitter dopamine pathway. This variability can lead to a disordered experience with the rewarding properties of food. This review of literature examines the extant knowledge about the relationship between obesity and the dopaminergic reward pathways in the brain, with particularly strong evidence provided from neuroimaging and neurogenetic data. Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature searches were conducted with the search terms dopamine, obesity, weight gain, food addiction, brain regions relevant to the mesocortical and mesolimbic (reward) pathways, and relevant dopaminergic genes and receptors. These terms returned over 200 articles. Other than a few sentinel articles, articles were published between 1993 and 2013. These data suggest a conceptual model for obesity that emphasizes dopaminergic genetic contributions as well as more traditional risk factors for obesity, such as demographics (age, race, and gender), physical activity, diet, and medications. A greater understanding of variables contributing to weight gain and obesity is imperative for effective clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Ann Cashion
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia Cowan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Donna Hathaway
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE This article provides a brief overview of the diagnostic criteria and genomic risk factors for the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). ORGANIZING CONSTRUCTS Contributions of cardiovascular, obesity, and diabetes genomic risk factors to the development of MetS as reported in the literature have been reviewed. FINDINGS The genomic risk factors for the development of MetS are strongly linked to the genomic risk factors that make up the components of the disease. Many of the cardiovascular and renal genomic risk factors for MetS development are similar to those found in the development of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obesity may act as a master trigger to turn on the gene expression changes necessary for the other components of the disease. Studies in the genomics of type 2 diabetes show a number of overlapping genes and polymorphisms that influence both the development of diabetes and MetS. CONCLUSIONS Although health practitioners now have some insights into the genomics of risk factors associated with MetS, the overall understanding of MetS remains inadequate. Clinical applications based on some of the discussed genomic risk factors are being developed but are not yet available for the diagnosis and treatment of MetS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A broad knowledge of the genomic contributions to disease processes will enable the clinician to better utilize genomics to assess and tailor management of patients.
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