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Yeung CM, Heard JC, Lee Y, Lambrechts MJ, Somers S, Singh A, Bloom E, D'Antonio ND, Trenchfield D, Labarbiera A, Mangan JJ, Canseco JA, Woods BI, Kurd MF, Kaye ID, Lee JK, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Kepler CK, Schroeder GD. The Implication of Preoperative Central Stenosis on Patient Reported Outcomes After Lumbar Decompression Surgery. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00806-9. [PMID: 37343674 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of central stenosis severity on patient-reported outcomes after lumbar decompression. METHODS Patient diagnosis, demographics, and surgical characteristics were collected via query search and manual chart review of electronic medical records. The inclusion criteria were posterior lumbar decompressions from 2014-2020, with accessible MRI reports. As previously validated by Lee et al., central stenosis was determined on magnetic resonance imaging and graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Patients were dichotomized into two groups to improve statistical power for comparisons: none or mild central stenosis and moderate or severe central stenosis. PROMs were compared between cohorts at one year postoperatively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS On bivariant analysis, no significant differences were noted between cohorts with regard to preoperative, one-year postoperative, and ΔPROMs. In addition, no significant difference in the number of patients attaining minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for each PROM was noted between cohorts. With the exception of MCS-12, all intragroup preoperative to postoperative PROMs indicated significant improvement (all p<0.05) after lumbar decompression surgery. Multivariate regression identified moderate or severe central canal stenosis as a significant independent predictor of improvement in VAS-back (estimate=-1.464, p=0.045). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that patients with moderate or severe central spinal stenosis may have more improvement in back pain than those with mild or no central stenosis after lumbar spine decompression surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jeremy C Heard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Yunsoo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
| | - Mark J Lambrechts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sydney Somers
- Sydney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Akash Singh
- Sydney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Evan Bloom
- Sydney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas D D'Antonio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Delano Trenchfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Anthony Labarbiera
- Sydney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John J Mangan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Barrett I Woods
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Mark F Kurd
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ian D Kaye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Joseph K Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Gregory D Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Sulaiman I, Chung M, Angel L, Tsay JCJ, Wu BG, Yeung ST, Krolikowski K, Li Y, Duerr R, Schluger R, Thannickal SA, Koide A, Rafeq S, Barnett C, Postelnicu R, Wang C, Banakis S, Pérez-Pérez L, Shen G, Jour G, Meyn P, Carpenito J, Liu X, Ji K, Collazo D, Labarbiera A, Amoroso N, Brosnahan S, Mukherjee V, Kaufman D, Bakker J, Lubinsky A, Pradhan D, Sterman DH, Weiden M, Heguy A, Evans L, Uyeki TM, Clemente JC, de Wit E, Schmidt AM, Shopsin B, Desvignes L, Wang C, Li H, Zhang B, Forst CV, Koide S, Stapleford KA, Khanna KM, Ghedin E, Segal LN. Microbial signatures in the lower airways of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients associated with poor clinical outcome. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1245-1258. [PMID: 34465900 PMCID: PMC8484067 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory failure is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. There are no validated lower airway biomarkers to predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections were associated with poor clinical outcome of COVID-19 in a prospective, observational cohort of 589 critically ill adults, all of whom required mechanical ventilation. For a subset of 142 patients who underwent bronchoscopy, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analysed the lower respiratory tract microbiome using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics and profiled the host immune response. Acquisition of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. Poor clinical outcome was associated with lower airway enrichment with an oral commensal (Mycoplasma salivarium). Increased SARS-CoV-2 abundance, low anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and a distinct host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Our data provide evidence that secondary respiratory infections do not drive mortality in COVID-19 and clinical management strategies should prioritize reducing viral replication and maximizing host responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sulaiman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Chung
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis Angel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Chieh J Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey Krolikowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Schluger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara A Thannickal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clea Barnett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radu Postelnicu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chang Wang
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Banakis
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Meyn
- Division of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Joseph Carpenito
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatrics, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Dongfang Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Destiny Collazo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Labarbiera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Amoroso
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shari Brosnahan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kaufman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Bakker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Lubinsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Sterman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Weiden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Langone Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Evans
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian V Forst
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth A Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Sulaiman I, Chung M, Angel L, Koralov S, Wu B, Yeung S, Krolikowski K, Li Y, Duerr R, Schluger R, Thannickal S, Koide A, Rafeq S, Barnett C, Postelnicu R, Wang C, Banakis S, Perez-perez L, Jour G, Shen G, Meyn P, Carpenito J, Liu X, Ji K, Collazo D, Labarbiera A, Amoroso N, Brosnahan S, Mukherjee V, Kaufman D, Bakker J, Lubinsky A, Pradhan D, Sterman D, Heguy A, Uyeki T, Clemente J, de Wit E, Schmidt AM, Shopsin B, Desvignes L, Wang C, Li H, Zhang B, Forst C, Koide S, Stapleford K, Khanna K, Ghedin E, Weiden M, Segal L. Microbial signatures in the lower airways of mechanically ventilated COVID19 patients associated with poor clinical outcome.. [PMID: 33791687 PMCID: PMC8010736 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-266050/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mortality among patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure is high and there are no known lower airway biomarkers that predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections and viral load were associated with poor clinical outcome and host immune tone. We obtained bacterial and fungal culture data from 589 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. On a subset of the subjects that underwent bronchoscopy, we also quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analyzed the microbiome of the lower airways by metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses and profiled the host immune response. We found that isolation of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. However, poor clinical outcome was associated with enrichment of the lower airway microbiota with an oral commensal (Mycoplasma salivarium), while high SARS-CoV-2 viral burden, poor anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, together with a unique host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that 1) the extent of viral infectivity drives mortality in severe COVID-19, and therefore 2) clinical management strategies targeting viral replication and host responses to SARS-CoV-2 should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Chung
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Luis Angel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | | | - Benjamin Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY
| | - Stephen Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Kelsey Krolikowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | | | | | - Rosemary Schluger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY
| | - Sara Thannickal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY
| | - Clea Barnett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Radu Postelnicu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Chang Wang
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University
| | - Stephanie Banakis
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Lizzette Perez-Perez
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States; Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Guomiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Peter Meyn
- NYU Langone Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Carpenito
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Kun Ji
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Destiny Collazo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Anthony Labarbiera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Nancy Amoroso
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Shari Brosnahan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - David Kaufman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Jan Bakker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Anthony Lubinsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Daniel Sterman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY
| | | | | | | | - Emmie de Wit
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Kenneth Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health
| | | | - Michael Weiden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine
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