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Wang Q, Guo Y, Tam AR, Valdez R, Gordon A, Liu L, Ho DD. Deep immunological imprinting due to the ancestral spike in the current bivalent COVID-19 vaccine. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101258. [PMID: 37909042 PMCID: PMC10694617 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, encoding both ancestral and Omicron BA.5 spikes, have replaced monovalent vaccines in numerous countries. However, fourth doses of either vaccine result in similar neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron subvariants, raising the possibility of immunological imprinting. To address this, we investigate antibody responses in 72 participants given three doses of a monovalent mRNA vaccine, followed by a bivalent or monovalent booster, or those with breakthrough infections with BA.5 or BQ. Bivalent boosters do not show notably higher binding or virus-neutralizing titers against various SARS-CoV-2 variants compared to monovalent ones. However, breakthrough infections lead to significantly better neutralization of Omicron subvariants. Multiple analyses, including antigenic mapping, suggest that the ancestral spike in bivalent vaccines is causing deep immunological imprinting, preventing broadening of antibodies to the BA.5 component, thereby defeating its intended goal. Its removal from future vaccine compositions is therefore strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony R Tam
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Riccardo Valdez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang Q, Bowen A, Tam AR, Valdez R, Stoneman E, Mellis IA, Gordon A, Liu L, Ho DD. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies after bivalent versus monovalent booster. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:527-528. [PMID: 37003292 PMCID: PMC10058662 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anthony Bowen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anthony R Tam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Riccardo Valdez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily Stoneman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian A Mellis
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Lau SKP, He Z, Tsang CC, Chan TTY, Luk HKH, Chan E, Li KSM, Fung J, Chow FWN, Tam AR, Chung TWH, Wong SCY, Que TL, Fung KSC, Lung DC, Wu AKL, Hung IFN, Teng JLL, Wernery U, Hui SW, Martelli P, Woo PCY. A Sensitive and Specific Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of COVID-19 in Animals. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1019. [PMID: 34068581 PMCID: PMC8150753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to human cases, cases of COVID-19 in captive animals and pets are increasingly reported. This raises the concern for two-way COVID-19 transmission between humans and animals. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serodiagnosis of COVID-19 which can theoretically be used in virtually all kinds of animals. We used 187 serum samples from patients with/without COVID-19, laboratory animals immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 virions, COVID-19-negative animals, and animals seropositive to other betacoronaviruses. A cut-off percent inhibition value of 22.345% was determined and the analytical sensitivity and specificity were found to be 1:64-1:256 and 93.9%, respectively. Evaluation on its diagnostic performance using 155 serum samples from COVID-19-negative animals and COVID-19 human patients showed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 80.8% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA can be incorporated into routine blood testing of farmed/captive animals for COVID-19 surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Zirong He
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Tony T. Y. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Hayes K. H. Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Elaine Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Kenneth S. M. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Franklin W. N. Chow
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Anthony R. Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;
| | - Tom W. H. Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Sally C. Y. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Park, Hong Kong; (S.C.Y.W.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Tak-Lun Que
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong;
| | - Kitty S. C. Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - David C. Lung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Park, Hong Kong; (S.C.Y.W.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Alan K. L. Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong;
| | - Ivan F. N. Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;
| | - Jade L. L. Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
| | - Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Suk-Wai Hui
- Ocean Park Corporation, Aberdeen, Hong Kong; (S.-W.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Ocean Park Corporation, Aberdeen, Hong Kong; (S.-W.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; (Z.H.); (C.-C.T.); (T.T.Y.C.); (H.K.H.L.); (E.C.); (K.S.M.L.); (J.F.); (F.W.N.C.); (T.W.H.C.); (J.L.L.T.)
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