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Poonsombudlert K, Mott S, Miller B, Dhakal P, Snow A, Hornberg S, Yodsuwan R, Strouse C, Shaikh H, Magalhaes-Silverman M, Sutamtewagul G. Transplant versus no transplant in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with TP53 mutation; a referral center experience. Eur J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38511425 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A remarkably high rate of post-transplant relapse in patients with TP53-mutated myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) calls to question the utility of allogeneic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We, therefore, performed a retrospective analysis to compare the outcomes between HSCT (N = 38) versus non-HSCT (N = 45) approaches. Patients in the HSCT cohort were younger (median age 63 vs. 72) while patients in the non-HSCT cohort more commonly had complex karyotype with chromosome 17 aberrancy and 5q deletion (p < .01). A total of 69 TP53 variants including 64 pathogenic variants, and 5 variants of undetermined significance were detected. Nine patients (4 in HSCT and 5 in non-HSCT) had multi-hit TP53 variants. After induction: 57.9% versus 56.6% in the HSCT versus non-HSCT cohort achieved morphologic complete remission. Median time to HSCT was 6 months and median follow-up was 15.1 months for HSCT and 5.7 months for non-HSCT. Median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11.7 and 15.9 months for HSCT, and 4.1 and 5.7 months for non-HSCT cohorts, respectively. Non-relapse mortality at 12 months was 22% versus 44% for HSCT versus non-HSCT. In the HSCT cohort, the rate of grade II-IV acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 55% and 18%, respectively. None of the patients from the non-HSCT cohort were alive while four patients from the HSCT cohort were alive, in remission, and without GVHD (GRFS) at the time of abstraction. Better treatment strategies for patients with TP53-mutated MDS/AML remain an area of unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittika Poonsombudlert
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sarah Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Benda Miller
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Prajwal Dhakal
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anthony Snow
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sarah Hornberg
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ratdanai Yodsuwan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher Strouse
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hira Shaikh
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Grerk Sutamtewagul
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Prakash S, Moore S, Snow A, Brown KE. Elevated aminotransferases in a 62-year-old woman. Cleve Clin J Med 2023; 90:669-674. [PMID: 37914204 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Steven Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Anthony Snow
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Suraju MO, Snow A, Nayyar A, Chang J, Sherman SK, Hoshi H, Howe JR, Chan CHF. Peritoneal Metastases After Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Resection: How Common are They? J Surg Res 2023; 283:479-484. [PMID: 36436283 PMCID: PMC9877124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal metastases (PMs) following resection of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are rare. Consequently, prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis are not well known. We reviewed our institution's experience and published literature to further characterize the scope of this phenomenon. METHODS All pancreatectomy cases (556 patients) performed at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed to identify IPMN diagnoses. Patients with adenocarcinoma not arising from IPMN, or a history of other malignancies were excluded. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients underwent pancreatectomy with IPMN on final pathology at our institution; 51 met inclusion criteria. Of these, there were five cases of PMs (4:1 females:males). Four had invasive carcinoma arising from IPMN and one had high-grade dysplasia at the index operation. Female sex and invasive histology were significantly associated with PM (P < 0.05). PM rates by sex were 3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5-15) in males and 22% (95% CI: 9-45) in females. Rates by histology were 2.9% (95% CI: 0.5-15) for noninvasive IPMN, and 23.5% (95% CI: 9.5-47) for invasive carcinoma arising from IPMN. Median interval from surgery to PMs was 7 mo (range: 3-13). CONCLUSIONS PMs following IPMN resection are rare but may be more common in patients with invasive histology. Although rare, PMs can arise in patients with noninvasive IPMNs. Further studies on pathophysiology and risk factors of PM following IPMN resection are needed and may reinforce adherence to guidelines recommending long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Suraju
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony Snow
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Apoorve Nayyar
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeremy Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Scott K Sherman
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hisakazu Hoshi
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - James R Howe
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carlos H F Chan
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Hardy C, Fairley CK, Ong JJ, Vodstrcil LA, Bradshaw CS, Snow A, Chow EPF. Drug and Alcohol Use with Condomless Anal Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Melbourne, Australia: A Retrospective Data Analysis from 2011 to 2017. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:2497-2507. [PMID: 34757603 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rises in condomless anal sex among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported over the last decade but there is less certainty about the role that drugs, alcohol, play in this change. We examined the changes in drug and alcohol use among 22,255 MSM reporting condomless anal sex at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in 2011-2017. There was a 7% annual increase in using drugs before and/or during condomless anal sex but a 3% annual reduction in condomless anal sex while drunk. MSM taking PrEP were more likely to report condomless anal sex with drug use (AOR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.07-1.37) and alcohol use (AOR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.14-1.46) compared with MSM not taking PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hardy
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jason J Ong
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Lenka A Vodstrcil
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Catriona S Bradshaw
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Anthony Snow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Eric P F Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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Massy-Westropp N, Snow A, Wechalekar H, Siefken K, Burlakoti A. Adding to the Allied Health Student Experience: Motivators, Deterrents, and How to Get More from Peer Teaching. J Allied Health 2021; 50:61-66. [PMID: 33646251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volunteering as a peer tutor offers teaching experience to allied health students who will one day teach patients and colleagues. It also provides an opportunity for students to extend themselves personally and academically. Medical and nursing literature supports peer teaching, yet fewer publications describe the experience of allied health students. This study investigated the effects of cross-level peer tutoring in anatomy, for the peer tutors and their students. Peer tutors revealed their primary concern as lacking anatomical knowledge; however, students valued the currency of their student experience and the opportunity to discuss learning processes with a peer. Recommendations from peer tutors and students included: recognition of the value of interactions between students and peer tutors; value of teaching how to learn, rather than content; and for academics to introduce peer tutors as peers, which clarifies the students' expectations of the peer tutor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Massy-Westropp
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, City East Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Tel +61883022486, fax +61 8 8302 2645.
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Turek EM, Fairley CK, Bradshaw CS, Chen MY, Vodstrcil LA, Snow A, Fortune R, Chow EPF. Are genital examinations necessary for STI screening for female sex workers? An audit of decriminalized and regulated sex workers in Melbourne, Australia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231547. [PMID: 32298328 PMCID: PMC7161967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Victorian legislation prohibits sex workers from working when they have visible anogenital herpes or warts. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of asymptomatic female sex workers (FSW) diagnosed with anogenital herpes or warts by genital examination. METHODS We analysed all computerised medical records of consultations with FSW at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) in 2018. All asymptomatic sex workers were offered screening sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and a genital examination to identify visible anogenital herpes or warts at MSHC. FSW consultations were categorised into either 'asymptomatic' or 'symptomatic' based on the presence of symptoms reported by the FSW to the triage nurse. The proportion of asymptomatic FSW diagnosed with visible anogenital herpes or warts during a routine screening examination was calculated. RESULTS In 2018, 4055 consultations were provided to 1979 FSW. 3406 of these consultations were asymptomatic and all were examined by an experienced clinician for signs of STIs. Of these 3406 asymptomatic consultations, seven FSW (0.21%, 95% CI: 0.08% to 0.42%) were diagnosed with visible anogenital herpes and/or warts following a genital examination. Four were diagnosed with warts (0.12%, 95% CI: 0.03% to 0.30%), two with herpes (0.06%, 95% CI: 0.01% to 0.21%) and one with both herpes and warts (0.03%, 95% CI: 0.001% to 0.16%). CONCLUSION Based on these data, approximately 500 asymptomatic FSW would need to be examined to identify one case of anogenital herpes or warts. Genital examinations consume considerable clinical resources, increase the duration of consultations and provide essentially no significant benefit to the mandated testing for gonorrhoea, chlamydia, HIV and syphilis. Our clinic will use self-collected samples and no longer examine FSW who are asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M. Turek
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (EMT); (RPFC)
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona S. Bradshaw
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Y. Chen
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lenka A. Vodstrcil
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Snow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ria Fortune
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric P. F. Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (EMT); (RPFC)
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Furqan M, Snyders TP, Saqlain MU, Mott SL, Laux D, Snow A, Anderson CM, Watkins JM, Clamon GH. Comparing high-dose cisplatin with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in definitive concurrent chemoradiation setting for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC). Cancer Med 2019; 8:2730-2739. [PMID: 30968604 PMCID: PMC6558467 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose cisplatin (Cis) is a preferred systemic agent for concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC) patients. As some patients are unable to tolerate Cis, this study compares the toxicity and efficacy of weekly cisplatin-paclitaxel (CP) regimen with Cis. METHODS Patients with LAHNSCC receiving definitive chemoradiation either with Cis (Cisplatin-100 mg/m2 q3w x 3) or CP (Cisplatin-20 mg/m2 ; Paclitaxel-30 mg/m2 qw x7) were included. RESULTS Cis and CP groups were comprised of 114 and 111 subjects, respectively. Complete response for Cis versus CP groups was 88% versus 88%, respectively. Median follow-up for the study was 58.5 months. After adjusting for potential treatment selection bias, no significant differences were evident between Cis and CP groups for overall survival (hazard ratios [HR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.59-1.21, P = 0.36), progression free survival (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.62-1.24, P = 0.46), locoregional control (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.52-1.15, P = 0.21), and distant control (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.61-1.23, P = 0.42). Patients in the CP group had less acute and chronic toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Weekly CP regimen can serve as an alternative systemic therapy with radiation in patients with LAHNSCC who are not fit for Cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Travis P Snyders
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mohammed U Saqlain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Biostatistics Core, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas Laux
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony Snow
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carryn M Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John M Watkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gerald H Clamon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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Hilgeman M, Block P, Alexander K, Collins A, Kunik M, Allen R, Snow A. RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AMONG SPOUSES AND EX-SPOUSES OF VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA AS CAREGIVING CONTEXT. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Hilgeman
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
| | - P Block
- University of Alabama & Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
| | | | | | - M Kunik
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
| | | | - A Snow
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
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Hartmann C, Palmer J, Pimentel C, Allen R, Zhao S, Wewiorski N, Dillon K, Snow A. ENHANCING STAFF-RESIDENT INTERACTIONS THROUGH A FRONTLINE STAFF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INTERVENTION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Hartmann
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital & Boston University
| | - J Palmer
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife
| | - C Pimentel
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital & UMass Medical School
| | | | - S Zhao
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - N Wewiorski
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - K Dillon
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - A Snow
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
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10
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Snow A, Clark V, Zhao S, Nash P, Allen R, Bolton R, Hartmann C. CHARACTERIZING STAFF INTERACTIONS IN A SAMPLE OF HIGH PERFORMING NURSING HOMES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Snow
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
| | - V Clark
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - S Zhao
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - P Nash
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
| | | | | | - C Hartmann
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital & Boston University
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11
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Block P, Amspoker A, Snow A, Renn B, Pickens S, Kunik M. FACTORS DIFFERENTIATING HIGH AND LOW PAIN INTERFERENCE IN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Block
- University of Alabama & Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
| | | | - A Snow
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
| | | | - S Pickens
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - M Kunik
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
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Block P, Hilgeman M, Collins A, Allen R, Kunik M, Snow A. ARE YOU HURTING? FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PROXY REPORTED PAIN SEVERITY IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Block
- University of Alabama & Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
| | - M Hilgeman
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
| | | | | | - M Kunik
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
| | - A Snow
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center & University of Alabama
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13
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Madan W, Snow A, Killeen OG. 45. Imaging of the forgotton joint (TMJ) in children with JIA: A 3 year retrospective study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex390.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chow EP, Howden BP, Walker S, Lee D, Bradshaw CS, Chen MY, Snow A, Cook S, Fehler G, Fairley CK. Antiseptic mouthwash against pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a randomised controlled trial and an in vitro study. Sex Transm Infect 2016; 93:88-93. [PMID: 27998950 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonorrhoea is increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to determine whether Listerine, a commercial mouthwash product, has an inhibitory effect against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and an in vitro study, and therefore may be a potentially useful agent for gonorrhoea control. METHODS In vitro: a suspension of ∼108 colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of N. gonorrhoeae was added to a serial of dilutions (up to 1:32) of alcohol-containing Listerine mouthwashes (Cool Mint and Total Care) for 1 min. A 10 µL aliquot was spread over the surface of a gonococcal agar plate and the number of N. gonorrhoeae colonies present at each dilution was calculated. The phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as a control. RCT: we recruited MSM with pharyngeal gonorrhoea who returned for treatment at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between May 2015 and February 2016. Untreated men were randomised to rinse and gargle either Listerine Cool Mint or saline for 1 min. Pharyngeal swabs were taken before and after rinsing and gargling for culture of N. gonorrhoeae. The analysis included only men who were culture positive for N. gonorrhoeae before using the allocated solution on the day of recruitment. RESULTS In vitro: Listerine mouthwashes at dilutions of up to 1:4 for 1 min resulted in significant reduction of total N. gonorrhoeae counts but PBS has no inhibitory effect against N. gonorrhoeae. RCT: a total of 196 MSM were recruited, 58 (30%) were culture positive before using the solution. After gargling the allocated solution, men in the Listerine group were significantly less likely to be culture positive on the pharyngeal surface (52%) compared with men in the saline group (84%) (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS This data suggest Listerine, significantly reduces the amount of N. gonorrhoeae on the pharyngeal surface. With daily use it may increase gonococcal clearance and have important implications for prevention strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12615000716561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pf Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Walker
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Lee
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona S Bradshaw
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Snow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Cook
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenda Fehler
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chow E, Howden B, Stevens K, Walker S, Lee D, Snow A, Cook S, Fehler G, Bradshaw C, Chen M, Fairley C. O004 Inhibitory effect of an antiseptic mouthwash against Neisseria gonorrhoeaein the pharynx (GONE) among men who have sex with men: a randomised control trial. Br J Vener Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052718.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Snow A, Fortune R, Chen M, Fairley C, Lee D. P008 An audit of time to treatment for bacterial STIs, and time to provision of HIV diagnosis, in a large urban sexual health clinic. Br J Vener Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052718.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chow EPF, Lee D, Tabrizi SN, Phillips S, Snow A, Cook S, Howden BP, Petalotis I, Bradshaw CS, Chen MY, Fairley CK. Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx and saliva: implications for gonorrhoea transmission. Sex Transm Infect 2015; 92:347-9. [PMID: 26622046 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the proportion of untreated pharyngeal swabs or saliva samples positive by culture or nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae up to 14 days after an initial culture-positive pharyngeal swab. METHODS Men who have sex with men who tested positive for pharyngeal gonorrhoea at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) and returned to MSHC for treatment within 14 days between 13 October 2014 and 25 March 2015 were included in this study. Pharyngeal swabs and saliva samples were collected for culture and NAAT. RESULTS Of 33 initially culture-positive pharyngeal swabs, 32 saliva samples and 31 pharyngeal swabs were positive by NAAT and 14 pharyngeal and 6 saliva samples were positive by culture within 14 days. There was a significant decline in the proportion of repeated pharyngeal culture samples positive by culture over time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The rapid decline suggests pharyngeal gonorrhoea is short-lived, and the finding of gonorrhoea commonly in the saliva implicates this body fluid in its transmission without direct throat inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P F Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Lee
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepehr N Tabrizi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Snow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Cook
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Petalotis
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona S Bradshaw
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Sirintrapun SJ, Geisinger KR, Cimic A, Snow A, Hagenkord J, Monzon F, Legendre BL, Ghazalpour A, Bender RP, Gatalica Z. Oncocytoma-like renal tumor with transformation toward high-grade oncocytic carcinoma: a unique case with morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genomic characterization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e81. [PMID: 25275525 PMCID: PMC4616290 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal oncocytoma is a benign tumor with characteristic histologic findings. We describe an oncocytoma-like renal tumor with progression to high-grade oncocytic carcinoma and metastasis. A 74-year-old man with no family history of cancer presented with hematuria. Computed tomography showed an 11 cm heterogeneous multilobulated mass in the right kidney lower pole, enlarged aortocaval lymph nodes, and multiple lung nodules. In the nephrectomy specimen, approximately one third of the renal tumor histologically showed regions classic for benign oncocytoma transitioning to regions of high-grade carcinoma without sharp demarcation. With extensive genomic investigation using single nucleotide polymorphism-based array virtual karyotyping, multiregion sequencing, and expression array analysis, we were able to show a common lineage between the benign oncocytoma and high-grade oncocytic carcinoma regions in the tumor. We were also able to show karyotypic differences underlying this progression. The benign oncocytoma showed no chromosomal aberrations, whereas the high-grade oncocytic carcinoma showed loss of the 17p region housing FLCN (folliculin [Birt-Hogg-Dubé protein]), loss of 8p, and gain of 8q. Gene expression patterns supported dysregulation and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) (mTOR) pathways in the high-grade oncocytic carcinoma regions. This was partly attributable to FLCN underexpression but further accentuated by overexpression of numerous genes on 8q. In the high-grade oncocytic carcinoma region, vascular endothelial growth factor A along with metalloproteinases matrix metallopeptidase 9 and matrix metallopeptidase 12 were overexpressed, facilitating angiogenesis and invasiveness. Genetic molecular testing provided evidence for the development of an aggressive oncocytic carcinoma from an oncocytoma, leading to aggressive targeted treatment but eventual death 39 months after the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahussapont J Sirintrapun
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (SJS); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS (KRG); Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC (AC, AS); 23andMe, Mountain View (JH); Invitae, San Francisco (FM), CA; Transgenomic (BLL); Creighton University School of Medicine (ZG), Omaha, NE; and Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ (AG, RPB, ZG)
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Bissessor M, Whiley D, Bradshaw CS, Fairley CK, Lee DM, Snow A, Horvath L, Chen M. P2.033 Isolation ofNeisseria Gonorrhoeaefrom the Tonsils and Posterior Oropharynx Using Culture. Sex Transm Infect 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sirintrapun J, Cimic A, Hagenkord J, Gatalica Z, Snow A, Monzon F. Renal oncocytoma-like neoplasm with high-grade malignant transformation: a unique case with morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genomic characterization. Am J Clin Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/138.suppl2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bartley M, Bokde AL, Ewers M, Faluyi YO, Tobin WO, Snow A, Connolly J, Delaney C, Coughlan T, Collins DR, Hampel H, O'Neill D. Subjective memory complaints in community dwelling healthy older people: the influence of brain and psychopathology. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27:836-43. [PMID: 21953807 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are common. We aimed to characterize the relationship between psychiatric illness and white matter disease to SMC in a sample of healthy older people. MEASUREMENTS Cognitively normal subjects between 55 and 90 years had age-adjusted and education-adjusted Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) scores ≤1.5 SD from standard mean. ApoE genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Sixty subjects (30 SMC, 30 controls) underwent 3T MRI, which was rated by two raters blinded to the diagnosis, for periventricular (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) using the Fazekas scale. Subjective memory was assessed by asking the participant, Do you feel like your memory or thinking is becoming worse? RESULTS Two hundred and fifteen volunteers were assessed. Ninety-six were cognitively normal (mean age 62.5 years). SMC were reported by 52/96 subjects (54%). These were compared with subjects who denied SMC. Participants with a history of depression or anxiety were more likely to have SMC (p = 0.02). The frequency distribution of ApoE4 allele and CERAD scores were similar. White matter load was similar (p ≤ 0.47), with a high prevalence of PVH and DWMH seen (100% and 88% of scans, respectively). CONCLUSION Both SMC and white matter disease were common. SMC were associated with a history of depression or anxiety but not with white matter disease. Evaluation for a history of depression and anxiety in people with SMC is supported by these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bartley
- Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Ireland.
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Ryan J, Snow A, Darker C, Torreggiani W. Comparison of clinical outcomes from chest X-rays of smokers and non-smokers in a general practice population. Ir Med J 2010; 103:90. [PMID: 20669385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Halpenny D, Snow A, McNeill G, Torreggiani WC. The radiological diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma-current status. Clin Radiol 2009; 65:99-108. [PMID: 20103431 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are the most common benign renal neoplasm and are often discovered incidentally. Due to both an increase in the use of imaging, as well as advances in imaging technology, they are being increasing identified in the general population. As these lesions are benign, there is good evidence that the majority of them can be safely followed up without treatment. However, there is an increasing wealth of information available suggesting there are individuals with AMLs where prophylactic treatment is indicated to prevent complications such as haemorrhage. In such cases, treatment with radiological interventional techniques with subselective particle embolization has superseded surgical techniques in most cases. Even in emergency cases with catastrophic rupture, prompt embolization may save the patient with the additional benefit of renal salvage. Confident identification of a lesion as an AML is important as its benign nature obviates the need for surgery in most cases. The presence of fat is paramount in the confirmatory identification and characterization of these lesions. Although fat-rich AMLs are easy to diagnose, some lesions are fat poor and it is these cases where newer imaging techniques, such as in-phase and out-of-phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may aid in making a confident diagnosis of AML. In this paper, we comprehensively review the imaging techniques in making a diagnosis of AML, including features of both characteristic lesions as well as atypical lesions. In addition, we discuss current guidelines for follow-up and prophylactic treatment of these lesions, as well as the increasing role that the interventional radiologist has to play in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halpenny
- Department of Radiology, Adelaide and Meath Hospitals Incorporating the National Childrens Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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McNeill G, Halpenny D, Snow A, Torreggiani W. Re: Diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipomata using CT: report of three cases and review of the literature. Clin Radiol 2009; 64:948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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McNeill G, Ward E, Halpenny D, Snow A, Torreggiani W. Ultrasound appearances of Implanon implanted contraceptive devices. JBR-BTR 2009; 92:259-260. [PMID: 19999332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Subdermal contraceptive devices represent a popular choice of contraception. Whilst often removed without the use of imaging, circumstances exist where imaging is required. Ultrasound is the modality of choice. The optimal technique and typical sonographic appearances are detailed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McNeill
- Department of Radiology, AMNCH Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Simanjuntak C, Cummings R, Chen MY, Williams H, Snow A, Fairley CK. What female patients feel about the offer of a chaperone by a male sexual health practitioner. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:165-7. [PMID: 19255262 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the experience and views of female patients when they were offered a chaperone by a male sexual health practitioner for a genital examination. Between November 2007 and January 2008, an anonymous survey was administered to female patients seen by male practitioners at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. None of the 79 (95% CI 0-5%) patients who were offered a chaperone and declined one reported that they were uncomfortable declining the offer. The qualitative analysis showed that some participants appreciated being offered the option of a chaperone even if they did not want one and that the professional attributes of the practitioner influenced their decision not to have a chaperone. Only 8% (95%CI 4-15%) felt uncomfortable when asked if they would like a chaperone. The results reassure that when a female patient declines the offer of a chaperone within a sexual health clinic, the male practitioner can feel confident that this is the expression of the patient's wish.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simanjuntak
- School of Population Health, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, 580 Swanson Street, Carlton 3053, Melbourne, Australia
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McNeill G, Halpenny D, Snow A, Buckley O, Torreggiani WC. Re: Paget’s disease of the bone: a review. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:1253-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kheirandish-Gozal L, Serpero LD, Dayyat E, Kim J, Goldman JL, Snow A, Bhattacharjee R, Gozal D. Corticosteroids suppress in vitro tonsillar proliferation in children with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2008; 33:1077-84. [PMID: 19047310 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00130608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal corticosteroids (CS) are potentially useful interventions for children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and may reduce lymphadenoid tissue size in the upper airway. The present authors hypothesised that CS would reduce cellular proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a tonsil/adenoid mixed-cell culture system. Dissociated tonsils or adenoids harvested intra-operatively from children with polysomnographically diagnosed OSA were cultured in control medium (CO) or after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A (STIM), and incubated with dexamethasone (DEX; 10(-5)-10(-7) M), fluticasone (FLU; 10(-5)-10(-14) M) and budesonide (BUD; 10(-4)-10(-14) M). Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, and supernatants were assayed for the cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. STIM increased tonsillar and adenoidal proliferation compared with CO (1,976+/-133 versus 404+/-69 counts min(-1); n = 54). DEX, FLU and BUD reduced cellular proliferation rates, and exhibited dose-dependent effects, with the potency being FLU>BUD>DEX (n = 25 per group). Conversely, CS increased cellular apoptosis (n = 20 per group). Furthermore, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations in the supernatant were increased by STIM, and markedly reduced by all CS (n = 48 per group). Whole tissue cell cultures of adenoids and tonsils provide a useful approach for in vitro assessment of therapeutic efficacy of corticosteroids in the management of lymphadenoid hypertrophy that underlies obstructive sleep apnoea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kheirandish-Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Sleep Medicine, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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McNeill G, Halpenny D, Snow A, Torreggiani WC. Re: Pilot study of transcatheter arterial ethanol emolization under closed renal circuit for large renal cell carcinomas. Eur Radiol 2008; 19:779-80. [PMID: 18972116 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-008-1199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lim SG, Leung N, Hann HWL, Lau GKK, Trepo C, Mommeja-Marin H, Moxham C, Sorbel J, Snow A, Blum MR, Rousseau F, Marcellin P. Clinical trial: a phase II, randomized study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and anti-viral activity of clevudine for 12 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:1282-92. [PMID: 18363895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clevudine is a polymerase inhibitor that has the unusual feature of delayed viral rebound after therapy in some patients which may be related to its pharmacokinetics. AIM To characterize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of clevudine, a potent hepatitis B polymerase inhibitor. METHODS A multicenter, randomized study comparing 10, 30 and 50 mg clevudine once daily for 12 weeks with 24 weeks off-treatment follow-up. Patients had chronic HBV infection, were nucleoside-naïve without co-infection. HBV viral load (VL) was assayed using Digene Hybrid Capture II with a lower limit of detection of 4700 copies/mL (940 IU/mL). Clevudine levels were measured using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometery method. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were enrolled into the 10 mg (n = 10), 30 mg (n = 11) and 50 mg (n = 10) groups, respectively. At week 12, the median VL change was -3.2, -3.7 and -4.2 log(10) copies/mL (-0.64, -0.74 and -0.84 log(10) IU/mL) in the 10, 30 and 50 mg groups, respectively (P = 0.012). At week 12, one of 10, five of 11 and two of 10 patients had VL below the assay lower limit of detection. Clevudine was well tolerated with no severe/serious adverse events. The mean plasma half-life of clevudine was 70 h and consequently is not the cause of the delayed viral rebound seen in some patients. Through modelling, 97% of the maximal treatment effect was reached with a 30 mg daily dose. Six patients had genomic changes without viral rebound. CONCLUSION Clevudine appears to be a potent and tolerable (over 12 weeks) anti-viral and the optimal dosage appears to be 30 mg once daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074.
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Geoghegan T, McAuley G, Snow A, Torreggiani WC. Emergency embolization of multiple splenic artery pseudoaneurysms associated with portal hypertension complicating cystic fibrosis. Australas Radiol 2007; 51 Suppl:B337-B339. [PMID: 17991101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common potentially lethal genetic disease in the white population. Improvements in life expectancy have led to an increasing recognition of hepatobiliary complications from CF. Splenic artery aneurysms are a rare complication of portal hypertension with a high mortality due to their significant potential for rupture, resulting in life-threatening i.p. haemorrhage. The optimum treatment of ruptured splenic artery aneurysms is controversial. This case describes the successful emergency embolization of multiple splenic artery pseudoaneurysms associated with portal hypertension complicating cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geoghegan
- Department of Radiology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Buckley O, O' Brien J, Snow A, Stunell H, Lyburn I, Munk PL, Torreggiani WC. Imaging of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Eur Radiol 2007; 17:2071-8. [PMID: 17206425 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-006-0537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Budd-Chiari syndrome occurs when venous outflow from the liver is obstructed. The obstruction may occur at any point from the hepatic venules to the left atrium. The syndrome most often occurs in patients with underlying thrombotic disorders such as polycythemia rubra vera, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and pregnancy. It may also occur secondary to a variety of tumours, chronic inflammatory diseases and infections. Imaging plays an important role both in establishing the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome as well as evaluating for underlying causes and complications such as portal hypertension. In this review article, we discuss the role of modern imaging in the evaluation of Budd-Chiari syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Buckley
- Department of Radiology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Snow A, Esposito L, Cummings J, Lake T, Hudson M, Cheng F, Ferree A, Saha S, Wolozin B. 2.315 Identification of potent small molecule inhibitors of alpha-synuclein aggregation in cell culture and by in vitro screening. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Snow A. Sexual health outreach clinics for homosexually active men. Aust Nurs J 2006; 14:39. [PMID: 17059039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Buckley O, Geoghegan T, Ridgeway P, Colhoun E, Snow A, Torreggiani WC. The usefulness of CT guided drainage of abscesses caused by retained appendicoliths. Eur J Radiol 2006; 60:80-3. [PMID: 16879941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the utility of percutaneous computed tomography (CT) guided drainage of abscesses formed secondary to retained appendicoliths. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted over a 5-year period to identify patients who underwent CT guided drainage of abscesses related to retained appendicoliths. Inclusion criteria were a history of prior proven appendicitis treated by laparoscopic appendicectomy, identification of a post-operative abscess related to a visualised retained appendicolith and initial treatment by CT guided drainage. Data regarding initial technical success as well as long-term outcome was recorded in each case. RESULTS In total, five patients were identified who underwent CT guided abscess drainage related to retained appendicoliths. There were three males and two females (age range 12-54 years). Initial drainage under CT guidance was technically successful in all cases with successful catheter placement and resolution of the abscess cavity. In all five cases however, there was recurrence of abscess formation following catheter removal. In one case, a second attempt with CT guided drainage was performed. Again this was initially successful with abscess recurrence following catheter removal. In all five cases, formal surgical drainage with removal of retained appendicolith resulted in a successful outcome. CONCLUSION CT guided percutaneous drainage of intra abdominal abscess secondary to retained appendicoliths is only successful in the short term. Formal surgical drainage and removal of the appendicolith is required for long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Buckley
- Department of Radiology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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Ghaly AE, Alkoaik F, Snow A, Singh R. Effective Thermophilic Composting of Crop Residues for Inactivation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3844/ajbbsp.2006.111.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Meynard JB, Summers RH, Faulde M, Texier G, Deparis X, MacDonald P, Snow A, Tuka A, Heyl G, Duffy K, Queyriaux B, Decam C, Green AD. [Dengue fever epidemic in Afghanistan: false alarm]. Med Trop (Mars) 2006; 66:98-9. [PMID: 16615627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Borroto-Esoda K, Arterburn S, Snow A, Chuck S, Hadziyannis S, Locarnini S, Pawlotsky J, Zoulim F. P.105 Final analysis of virological outcomes and resistance during 5 years of adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ghaly AE, Alkoaik F, Snow A. Inactivation of Botrytis cinerea During Thermophilic Composting of Greenhouse Tomato Plant Residues. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2006; 133:59-75. [PMID: 16622284 DOI: 10.1385/abab:133:1:59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of in-vessel thermophilic composting on the inactivation of Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. The bioreactor operated on an infected mixture of tomato plant residues, wood shavings, and municipal solid compost (1:1.5:0.28). Tap water and urea were added to adjust the moisture content and C:N ratio to 60% and 30:1, respectively. Used cooking oil was added as a bioavailable carbon source to compensate for heat losses from the system and extend the thermophilic composting stage. The controlled thermophilic composting process was successful in inactivating B. cinerea. During all experiments, the average reactor temperature increased gradually, reaching its peak after 31 h of operation. Temperatures in the range of 62.6-63.9 degrees C were maintained during the thermophilic stage by the intermittent addition of used cooking oil. The results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test indicated that the initial concentration of B. cinerea in the compost samples (14.6 mug of dried mycelium/g of compost) was reduced to 12.9, 8.8, and 2.4 mu/g after 24, 48, and 72 h of thermophilic composting, respectively. Plating assay indicated that the mold was completely inactivated in samples after 48 h of thermophilic composting. No significant reduction in B. cinerea was observed during the transient phase (first 30 h of rising temperature) because the temperature reached the lethal level of 55 degrees C after 23 h, thus allowing only 7 h of exposure to temperatures higher than 55 degrees C during this phase. The relatively short time required for complete inactivation of B. cinerea was achieved by maintaining a constant high temperature and a uniform distribution of temperature and extending the duration of the thermophilic stage by the addition of the proper amount of bioavailable carbon (used cooking oil).
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ghaly
- Biological Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2K9.
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Gish RG, Leung NWY, Wright TL, Trinh H, Lang W, Kessler HA, Fang L, Wang LH, Delehanty J, Rigney A, Mondou E, Snow A, Rousseau F. Dose range study of pharmacokinetics, safety, and preliminary antiviral activity of emtricitabine in adults with hepatitis B virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1734-40. [PMID: 12019083 PMCID: PMC127249 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.6.1734-1740.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicenter, open-label study was performed to evaluate the safety, anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activity, and pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine therapy administered once daily for 8 weeks to patients infected with HBV. Clinical and virologic evaluations were completed at the baseline; at 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days during treatment; and at 24, 48, and 28 days posttreatment. Forty-nine patients were enrolled in five dose cohorts (doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg, all of which were administered once daily [q.d.]). Peak plasma emtricitabine concentrations occurred within 1.5 h following dosing. Plasma emtricitabine concentrations (maximum concentrations of drug in plasma and areas under the concentration-time curves) increased nearly dose proportionally over the 25- to 300-mg dose range, with relatively small intersubject variabilities. The plasma half-life of emtricitabine ranged from 6 to 9 h. HBV DNA levels were measured by the Digene HBV Hybrid Capture II assay. Viral suppression (reduction in log(10) serum HBV DNA levels) occurred in all dose cohorts. All doses demonstrated potent and rapid antiviral activities, with a trend toward a greater suppression with daily doses of 100 mg or greater. At 2 months, the median change in the serum HBV DNA level from the baseline level ranged from -1.7 log(10) for the 25-mg dose administered q.d. to -3.3 log(10) for the 300 mg dose administered q.d. Emtricitabine was well tolerated over the 2-month dosing period. These results support further clinical development of emtricitabine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Gish
- Department of Medicine and Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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York S, Frech R, Snow A, Glatzhofer D. A comparative vibrational spectroscopic study of lithium triflate and sodium triflate in linear poly(ethylenimine). Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy is an infiltrative disease of the orbit and randomized trials show that radiotherapy should be the first treatment of choice. This article describes how linear accelerators with independent collimation can be used for setting up purposes, in place of lead blocks, to shield the lens. This benefits the patient and radiographer by being quicker, more accurate and easier to set up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Snow
- Bristol Oncology Centre, UK
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Snow A, Moran-Palma P, Rieseberg L, Wszelaki A, Seiler G. Fecundity, phenology, and seed dormancy of F1 wild-crop hybrids in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae). Am J Bot 1998. [PMID: 21684963 DOI: 10.2307/2446414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Crop-to-wild hybridization has the potential to introduce beneficial traits into wild populations. Gene flow from genetically engineered crops, in particular, can transfer genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insect herbivores, disease, and environmental stress into wild plants. Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hybridizes spontaneously with wild/weedy populations (also H. annuus), but little is known about the relative fitness of F1 hybrids. In order to assess the ease with which crop-to-wild introgression can proceed, we compared characteristics of F1 wild-crop progeny with those of purely wild genotypes. Two nontransgenic, cultivated varieties were crossed with wild plants from three different regions-Texas, Kansas, and North Dakota. Seed burial experiments in the region of origin showed that wild-crop seeds had somewhat higher germination rates (less dormancy) than wild seeds from Kansas and North Dakota, while no differences were seen in seeds from Texas. Progeny from each type of cross were grown in outdoor pots in Ohio and in a weedy field in Kansas to quantify lifetime fecundity and flowering phenology. Flowering periods of hybrid and wild progeny overlapped considerably, especially in plants from North Dakota and Texas, suggesting that these hybrids are very likely to backcross with wild plants. In general, hybrid plants had fewer branches, flower heads, and seeds than wild plants, but in two crosses the fecundity of hybrids was not significantly different from that of purely wild plants. In Ohio, wild-crop hybrids from North Dakota appeared to be resistant to a rust that infected 53% of the purely wild progeny, indicating a possible benefit of "traditional" crop genes. In summary, our results suggest that F1 wild-crop hybrids had lower fitness than wild genotypes, especially when grown under favorable conditions, but the F1 barrier to the introgression of crop genes is quite permeable.
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Lee T, Snow A. Pollinator preferences and the persistence of crop genes in wild radish populations (Raphanus raphanistrum, Brassicaceae). Am J Bot 1998; 85:333. [PMID: 21684916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Crop-weed hybridization can potentially influence the evolutionary ecology of wild populations. Many crops are known to hybridize with wild relatives, but few studies have looked at the long-term persistence of crop genes in the wild. This study investigated one factor in the hybridization process in radish: differential pollinator visitation to wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) vs. crop-wild F1 hybrids (R. sativus x R. raphanistrum). Wild genotypes had yellow flowers, a recessive single-locus trait, whereas hybrids always had white or pale pink flowers. In experimental arrays in northern Michigan, total pollinator visitation was significantly biased toward wild plants when the frequencies of wild and hybrid plants were equal. Syrphid flies, the most frequent visitors, preferred wild plants while bumble bees showed no preference. This pattern was also observed when hybrid plants were overrepresented in the array (12 hybrid:2 wild). In contrast, when hybrid plants were rare (2 hybrid:12 wild), neither morph was preferred by any pollinator group. Later in the summer, pollinators were also observed in a large experimental garden with nearly equal frequencies of wild and hybrid plants. Cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae) strongly overvisited wild plants, while bumble bees showed a slight preference for hybrids. Taken together, these studies suggest that F1 hybrids may not be at a disadvantage with regard to pollinator visits when they occur at low frequencies or when bumble bees are frequent flower visitors. Thus, variation in the proportion of white-flowered morphs among wild radish populations could be influenced by different histories of crop-to-wild hybridization, as well as by variation in the composition of local pollinator taxa.
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Case A, Curtis P, Snow A. Heritable variation in stomatal responses to elevated CO2 in wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae). Am J Bot 1998; 85:253. [PMID: 21684908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide may affect plant populations in the short term through effects on photosynthesis and carbon allocation, and over the long term as an agent of natural selection. To test for heritable effects of elevated CO2 on stomatal responses and plant fecundity in Raphanus raphanistrum, we grew plants from 12 paternal families in outdoor open-top chambers at ambient (35 Pa) or elevated (67 Pa) CO2. Contrary to results from a previous study of this species, total flower and fruit production were marginally lower under elevated CO2. Across families, stomatal index and guard cell length showed little response to CO2 enrichment, but these characters varied significantly among paternal families in both the direction and magnitude of their response to changing CO2. Although these family-by-CO2 interactions suggest that natural selection might affect stomatal characters when ambient CO2 levels increase, we found no significant correlation between either character and flower or fruit production. Therefore, our data suggest that while heritable variation for stomatal index and guard cell length exists in this population, selection due to increasing CO2 is not likely to act on these traits because they had no detectable effect on lifetime fecundity.
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Moran-Palma P, Snow A. The effect of interplant distance on mating success in federally threatened, self-incompatible Hymenoxys herbacea = H. acaulis var. glabra (Asteraceae). Am J Bot 1997; 84:233. [PMID: 21712203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated large- and fine-scale effects of interplant distance on compatibility, seed set, and seed germination in a rare, self-incompatible perennial, Lakeside daisy (Hymenoxys herbacea = H. acaulis var. glabra). Plants were collected at the Marblehead Peninsula. Ohio, and transplanted to a greenhouse where they were hand-pollinated. For the large-scale analysis, 110 crosses were classified in three categories: Near crosses (0.75-6.70 m), Far crosses (17-72 m), and Very Far crosses (>900 ml. There was no significant effect of interplant distance on compatibility, seed set, or seed germination in these crosses. For the fine-scale analysis, we made 44 crosses with interplant distances ranging from 0.75 to 10 m. At this scale, interplant distance explained 10.9% of the variance of the seed/floret ratio, suggesting that local genetic structure may result in a modest amount of biparental inbreeding. We found no fine-scale effects of interplant distance on compatibility or percentage of seed germination, but it is possible that biparental inbreeding could affect later stages of the life cycle not included in this study. For all distance classes, >80% of the crosses were compatible, indicating that lack of compatibility between mates is not likely to limit seed production. Apparently, presumed population bottlenecks have not been severe enough for genetic drift to eliminate substantial numbers of self-incompatibility alleles.
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Hinton JF, Washburn-McCain AM, Snow A, Douglas J. Effects of alanine and glycine substitution for tryptophan on the heterogeneity of gramicidin A analogs in micelles. J Magn Reson 1997; 124:132-139. [PMID: 9424304 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1996.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of alanine and glycine substitution for tryptophan upon the species heterogeneity of gramicidin A analogs incorporated into SDS micelles have been investigated. The sequential replacement of the four tryptophan residues in gramicidin A at positions 15, 13, 11, and 9 with glycine showed that there was no detectable effect at position 15 but increasing heterogeneity of species in the micelles proceeding toward the interior of the micelle at position 9. The replacement of tryptophan at positions 15 and 9 with alanine was found to produce more species heterogeneity than found with glycine substitution at the same positions. An increase in the SDS concentration reduces the number of different species present in micelles. With the Gly-11, Gly-13, and Gly-15 analogs, the increase in SDS concentration results in the formation of a single species; however, for the Gly-9, Ala-9, and Ala-15 analogs, heterogeneity remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Hinton
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
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