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Roudnicky F, Lan Y, Friesen M, Dernick G, Zhang JD, Staempfli A, Bordag N, Wagner-Golbs A, Christensen K, Ebeling M, Graf M, Burcin M, Meyer CA, Cowan CA, Patsch C. Modeling the Effects of Severe Metabolic Disease by Genome Editing of hPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Reveals an Inflammatory Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6201. [PMID: 31835296 PMCID: PMC6940871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinase AKT2 (PKB) is an important mediator of insulin signaling, for which loss-of-function knockout (KO) mutants lead to early onset diabetes mellitus, and dominant active mutations lead to early development of obesity and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. To model EC dysfunction, we used edited human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that carried either a homozygous deletion of AKT2 (AKT2 KO) or a dominant active mutation (AKT2 E17K), which, along with the parental wild type (WT), were differentiated into ECs. Profiling of EC lines indicated an increase in proinflammatory and a reduction in anti-inflammatory fatty acids, an increase in inflammatory chemokines in cell supernatants, increased expression of proinflammatory genes, and increased binding to the EC monolayer in a functional leukocyte adhesion assay for both AKT2 KO and AKT2 E17K. Collectively, these findings suggest that vascular endothelial inflammation that results from dysregulated insulin signaling (homeostasis) may contribute to coronary artery disease, and that either downregulation or upregulation of the insulin pathway may lead to inflammation of endothelial cells. This suggests that the standard of care for patients must be expanded from control of metabolic parameters to include control of inflammation, such that endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders can ultimately be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Roudnicky
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yanjun Lan
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Friesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gregor Dernick
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jitao David Zhang
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Staempfli
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Bordag
- Metanomics Health-A BASF Group Company, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Christensen
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ebeling
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Graf
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Burcin
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claas Aiko Meyer
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christoph Patsch
- Roche pRED (Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Cao Z, Kamlage B, Wagner-Golbs A, Maisha M, Sun J, Schnackenberg LK, Pence L, Schmitt TC, Daniels JR, Rogstad S, Beger RD, Yu LR. An Integrated Analysis of Metabolites, Peptides, and Inflammation Biomarkers for Assessment of Preanalytical Variability of Human Plasma. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2411-2421. [PMID: 31074987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Discrepancies in blood sample collection and processing could have a significant impact on levels of metabolites, peptides, and protein biomarkers of inflammation in the blood; thus, sample quality control is critical for successful biomarker identification and validation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of several preanalytical processing conditions, including different storage times and temperatures for blood or plasma samples and different centrifugation forces on the levels of metabolites, peptides, and inflammation biomarkers in human plasma samples using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant. Temperature was found to be the major factor for metabolite variation, and both time and temperature were identified as major factors for peptide variation. For inflammation biomarkers, temperature played different roles depending on the sample type (blood or plasma). Low temperature affected inflammation biomarkers in blood, while room temperature impacted inflammation biomarkers in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Cao
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | | | | | - Mackean Maisha
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Laura K Schnackenberg
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Lisa Pence
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Thomas C Schmitt
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Jaclyn R Daniels
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , FDA , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology , National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
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Wagner-Golbs A, Neuber S, Kamlage B, Christiansen N, Bethan B, Rennefahrt U, Schatz P, Lind L. Effects of Long-Term Storage at -80 °C on the Human Plasma Metabolome. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050099. [PMID: 31108909 PMCID: PMC6572224 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality biological samples are required for the favorable outcome of research studies, and valid data sets are crucial for successful biomarker identification. Prolonged storage of biospecimens may have an artificial effect on compound levels. In order to investigate the potential effects of long-term storage on the metabolome, human ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma samples stored for up to 16 years were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Only 2% of 231 tested plasma metabolites were altered in the first seven years of storage. However, upon longer storage periods of up to 16 years and more time differences of few years significantly affected up to 26% of the investigated metabolites when analyzed within subject age groups. Ontology classes that were most affected included complex lipids, fatty acids, energy metabolism molecules, and amino acids. In conclusion, the human plasma metabolome is adequately stable to long-term storage at −80 °C for up to seven years but significant changes occur upon longer storage. However, other biospecimens may display different sensitivities to long-term storage. Therefore, in retrospective studies on EDTA plasma samples, analysis is best performed within the first seven years of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Beate Kamlage
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Bianca Bethan
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp Schatz
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 10 B, Uppsala Science Park, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Kamlage B, Neuber S, Bethan B, González Maldonado S, Wagner-Golbs A, Peter E, Schmitz O, Schatz P. Impact of Prolonged Blood Incubation and Extended Serum Storage at Room Temperature on the Human Serum Metabolome. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8010006. [PMID: 29342854 PMCID: PMC5875996 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful technology with broad applications in life science that, like other -omics approaches, requires high-quality samples to achieve reliable results and ensure reproducibility. Therefore, along with quality assurance, methods to assess sample quality regarding pre-analytical confounders are urgently needed. In this study, we analyzed the response of the human serum metabolome to pre-analytical variations comprising prolonged blood incubation and extended serum storage at room temperature by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) -based metabolomics. We found that the prolonged incubation of blood results in a statistically significant 20% increase and 4% decrease of 225 tested serum metabolites. Extended serum storage affected 21% of the analyzed metabolites (14% increased, 7% decreased). Amino acids and nucleobases showed the highest percentage of changed metabolites in both confounding conditions, whereas lipids were remarkably stable. Interestingly, the amounts of taurine and O-phosphoethanolamine, which have both been discussed as biomarkers for various diseases, were 1.8- and 2.9-fold increased after 6 h of blood incubation. Since we found that both are more stable in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood, EDTA plasma should be the preferred metabolomics matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Kamlage
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Bianca Bethan
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | - Erik Peter
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp Schatz
- Metanomics Health GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
- Precision Medicine Unit, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 43183 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Spontaneous electrical network activity plays a major role in the control of cell survival in the developing brain. Several intracellular pathways are implicated in transducing electrical activity into gene expression dependent and independent survival signals. These include activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream effector Akt, activation of Ras and subsequently MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signalling via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK). In the present study, we analyzed the role of these pathways for the control of neuronal survival in different extracellular potassium concentrations ([K(+) ](ex) ). Organotypic neocortical slice cultures prepared from newborn mice were kept in 5.3, 8.0 and 25.0mM [K(+) ](ex) and treated with specific inhibitors of PI3K, MEK1, CaMKK and a broad spectrum CaMK inhibitor. After 6h of incubation, slices were immunostained for activated caspase 3 (a-caspase 3) and the number of apoptotic cells was quantified by computer based analysis. We found that in 5.3 and 8.0mM [K(+) ](ex) only PI3K was important for neuronal survival. When [K(+) ](ex) was raised to 25.0mM, a concentration above the depolarization block, we found no influence of PI3K on neuronal survival. Our data demonstrate that only the PI3K pathway, and not the MEK1, CaMKK or CaMKs pathway, plays a central role in the regulation of activity-dependent neuronal survival in the developing cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Wagner-Golbs
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz, Germany
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