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Putzke C, Guo C, Plisson V, Kroner M, Chervy T, Simoni M, Wevers P, Bachmann MD, Cooper JR, Carrington A, Kikugawa N, Fowlie J, Gariglio S, Mackenzie AP, Burch KS, Îmamoğlu A, Moll PJW. Layered metals as polarized transparent conductors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3147. [PMID: 37253746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest to improve transparent conductors balances two key goals: increasing electrical conductivity and increasing optical transparency. To improve both simultaneously is hindered by the physical limitation that good metals with high electrical conductivity have large carrier densities that push the plasma edge into the ultra-violet range. Technological solutions reflect this trade-off, achieving the desired transparencies only by reducing the conductor thickness or carrier density at the expense of a lower conductance. Here we demonstrate that highly anisotropic crystalline conductors offer an alternative solution, avoiding this compromise by separating the directions of conduction and transmission. We demonstrate that slabs of the layered oxides Sr2RuO4 and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ are optically transparent even at macroscopic thicknesses >2 μm for c-axis polarized light. Underlying this observation is the fabrication of out-of-plane slabs by focused ion beam milling. This work provides a glimpse into future technologies, such as highly polarized and addressable optical screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Putzke
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, 22761, Germany.
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Plisson
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Martin Kroner
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Chervy
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- NTT Research, Inc., Physics and Informatics Laboratories, 940 Stewart Drive, Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
| | - Matteo Simoni
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pim Wevers
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maja D Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - John R Cooper
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Antony Carrington
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Naoki Kikugawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, 305-0003, Japan
| | - Jennifer Fowlie
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Gariglio
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew P Mackenzie
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Kenneth S Burch
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Ataç Îmamoğlu
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip J W Moll
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, 22761, Germany.
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Lin R, Lin H, Elder E, Cerullo A, Carrington A, Stuart G. Nurse-led dexmedetomidine sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in children: a 6-year quality improvement project. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:598-606. [PMID: 36708590 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to safely introduce dexmedetomidine into a nurse-led sedation service for magnetic resonance imaging in children. Secondary aims were to increase the number of children eligible for sedation and to increase the actual number of children having sedation performed by our nurse sedation team. We analysed 1768 consecutive intravenous and 219 intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation episodes in infants, children and adolescents having magnetic resonance imaging scans between March 2016 and March 2022. The overall sedation success rate was 98.4%, with a 98.9% success rate for intravenous dexmedetomidine and a 95.0% success rate for intranasal dexmedetomidine. The incidence of scan interruption during intravenous and intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation was 8.8% and 21.9%, respectively. We conclude that paediatric sedation with dexmedetomidine for magnetic resonance scanning is safe and successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - H Lin
- University of Cambridge, UK
| | - E Elder
- University College London, UK
| | - A Cerullo
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - A Carrington
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - G Stuart
- Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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3
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Tam CC, Zhu M, Ayres J, Kummer K, Yakhou-Harris F, Cooper JR, Carrington A, Hayden SM. Charge density waves and Fermi surface reconstruction in the clean overdoped cuprate superconductor Tl 2Ba 2CuO 6+δ. Nat Commun 2022; 13:570. [PMID: 35091572 PMCID: PMC8799688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hall effect and quantum oscillation measurements on high temperature cuprate superconductors show that underdoped compositions have small Fermi surface pockets whereas when heavily overdoped, a single much larger pocket is found. The origin of this change in electronic structure has been unclear, but may be related to the high temperature superconductivity. Here we show that the clean overdoped single-layer cuprate Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ (Tl2201) displays CDW order with a remarkably long correlation length ξ ≈ 200 Å which disappears above a hole doping of pCDW ≈ 0.265. We show that the evolution of the electronic properties of Tl2201 as the doping is lowered may be explained by a Fermi surface reconstruction which accompanies the emergence of the CDW below pCDW. Our results demonstrate importance of CDW correlations in understanding the electronic properties of overdoped cuprates. The origin of the Fermi surface reconstruction that occurs in cuprate superconductors as hole doping increases remains unclear. Here, the authors observe long range charge density wave (CDW) order in the overdoped single-layer cuprate Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ, which then disappears above a hole concentration 0.265, suggesting a correlation between Fermi surface reconstruction and the emergence of the CDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Tam
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M Zhu
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - J Ayres
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - K Kummer
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - F Yakhou-Harris
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J R Cooper
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.
| | - S M Hayden
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.
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4
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van Delft MR, Pezzini S, Khouri T, Müller CSA, Breitkreiz M, Schoop LM, Carrington A, Hussey NE, Wiedmann S. Electron-Hole Tunneling Revealed by Quantum Oscillations in the Nodal-Line Semimetal HfSiS. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:256602. [PMID: 30608835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.256602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of quantum oscillations in the high-field magnetoresistance of the nodal-line semimetal HfSiS. In the presence of a magnetic field up to 31 T parallel to the c axis, we observe quantum oscillations originating both from orbits of individual electron and hole pockets, and from magnetic breakdown between these pockets. In particular, we reveal a breakdown orbit enclosing one electron and one hole pocket in the form of a "figure of eight," which is a manifestation of Klein tunneling in momentum space, although in a regime of partial transmission due to the finite separation between the pockets. The observed very strong dependence of the oscillation amplitude on the field angle and the cyclotron masses of the orbits are in agreement with the theoretical predictions for this novel tunneling phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R van Delft
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - S Pezzini
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - T Khouri
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - C S A Müller
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - M Breitkreiz
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L M Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - N E Hussey
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - S Wiedmann
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
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5
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Putzke C, Ayres J, Buhot J, Licciardello S, Hussey NE, Friedemann S, Carrington A. Charge Order and Superconductivity in Underdoped YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-δ} under Pressure. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:117002. [PMID: 29601770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In underdoped cuprates, an incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) order is known to coexist with superconductivity. A dip in T_{c} at the hole doping level where the CDW is strongest (n_{p}≃0.12) suggests that CDW order may suppress superconductivity. We investigate the interplay of charge order with superconductivity in underdoped YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-δ} by measuring the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient R_{H}(T) at high magnetic field and at high hydrostatic pressure. We find that, although pressure increases T_{c} by up to 10 K at 2.6 GPa, it has very little effect on R_{H}(T). This suggests that pressure, at these levels, only weakly affects the CDW and that the increase in T_{c} with pressure cannot be attributed to a suppression of the CDW. We argue, therefore, that the dip in T_{c} at n_{p}≃0.12 at ambient pressure is probably not caused by the CDW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Putzke
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Ayres
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Buhot
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Licciardello
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, Netherlands
| | - Sven Friedemann
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Carrington
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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6
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Takenaka T, Mizukami Y, Wilcox JA, Konczykowski M, Seiro S, Geibel C, Tokiwa Y, Kasahara Y, Putzke C, Matsuda Y, Carrington A, Shibauchi T. Full-Gap Superconductivity Robust against Disorder in Heavy-Fermion CeCu_{2}Si_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:077001. [PMID: 28949698 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.077001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of unconventional pairing by the antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuation mechanism is that the superconducting energy gap must have the opposite sign on different parts of the Fermi surface. Recent observations of non-nodal gap structure in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu_{2}Si_{2} were then very surprising, given that this material has long been considered a prototypical example of a superconductor where the Cooper pairing is magnetically mediated. Here we present a study of the effect of controlled point defects, introduced by electron irradiation, on the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth λ(T) in CeCu_{2}Si_{2}. We find that the fully gapped state is robust against disorder, demonstrating that low-energy bound states, expected for sign-changing gap structures, are not induced by nonmagnetic impurities. This provides bulk evidence for s_{++}-wave superconductivity without sign reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takenaka
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Mizukami
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - J A Wilcox
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, England
| | - M Konczykowski
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Seiro
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Solid State Physics, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Geibel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Y Tokiwa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Y Kasahara
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - C Putzke
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, England
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, England
| | - T Shibauchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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7
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Yamashita T, Takenaka T, Tokiwa Y, Wilcox JA, Mizukami Y, Terazawa D, Kasahara Y, Kittaka S, Sakakibara T, Konczykowski M, Seiro S, Jeevan HS, Geibel C, Putzke C, Onishi T, Ikeda H, Carrington A, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y. Fully gapped superconductivity with no sign change in the prototypical heavy-fermion CeCu 2Si 2. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1601667. [PMID: 28691082 PMCID: PMC5482556 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In exotic superconductors, including high-Tc copper oxides, the interactions mediating electron Cooper pairing are widely considered to have a magnetic rather than a conventional electron-phonon origin. Interest in this exotic pairing was initiated by the 1979 discovery of heavy-fermion superconductivity in CeCu2Si2, which exhibits strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations. A hallmark of unconventional pairing by anisotropic repulsive interactions is that the superconducting energy gap changes sign as a function of the electron momentum, often leading to nodes where the gap goes to zero. We report low-temperature specific heat, thermal conductivity, and magnetic penetration depth measurements in CeCu2Si2, demonstrating the absence of gap nodes at any point on the Fermi surface. Moreover, electron irradiation experiments reveal that the superconductivity survives even when the electron mean free path becomes substantially shorter than the superconducting coherence length. This indicates that superconductivity is robust against impurities, implying that there is no sign change in the gap function. These results show that, contrary to long-standing belief, heavy electrons with extremely strong Coulomb repulsions can condense into a fully gapped s-wave superconducting state, which has an on-site attractive pairing interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takaaki Takenaka
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | | | - Joseph A. Wilcox
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Yuta Mizukami
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Daiki Terazawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kasahara
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Kittaka
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sakakibara
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Marcin Konczykowski
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Silvia Seiro
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hirale S. Jeevan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Geibel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Putzke
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Takafumi Onishi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Antony Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Takasada Shibauchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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8
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Putzke C, Malone L, Badoux S, Vignolle B, Vignolles D, Tabis W, Walmsley P, Bird M, Hussey NE, Proust C, Carrington A. Inverse correlation between quasiparticle mass and T c in a cuprate high-T c superconductor. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501657. [PMID: 27034989 PMCID: PMC4803492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Close to a zero-temperature transition between ordered and disordered electronic phases, quantum fluctuations can lead to a strong enhancement of electron mass and to the emergence of competing phases such as superconductivity. A correlation between the existence of such a quantum phase transition and superconductivity is quite well established in some heavy fermion and iron-based superconductors, and there have been suggestions that high-temperature superconductivity in copper-oxide materials (cuprates) may also be driven by the same mechanism. Close to optimal doping, where the superconducting transition temperature T c is maximal in cuprates, two different phases are known to compete with superconductivity: a poorly understood pseudogap phase and a charge-ordered phase. Recent experiments have shown a strong increase in quasiparticle mass m* in the cuprate YBa2Cu3O7-δ as optimal doping is approached, suggesting that quantum fluctuations of the charge-ordered phase may be responsible for the high-T c superconductivity. We have tested the robustness of this correlation between m* and T c by performing quantum oscillation studies on the stoichiometric compound YBa2Cu4O8 under hydrostatic pressure. In contrast to the results for YBa2Cu3O7-δ, we find that in YBa2Cu4O8, the mass decreases as T c increases under pressure. This inverse correlation between m* and T c suggests that quantum fluctuations of the charge order enhance m* but do not enhance T c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Putzke
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Liam Malone
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Sven Badoux
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Baptiste Vignolle
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - David Vignolles
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Wojciech Tabis
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Philip Walmsley
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Matthew Bird
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Nigel E. Hussey
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cyril Proust
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Antony Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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9
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Putzke C, Walmsley P, Fletcher JD, Malone L, Vignolles D, Proust C, Badoux S, See P, Beere HE, Ritchie DA, Kasahara S, Mizukami Y, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Carrington A. Anomalous critical fields in quantum critical superconductors. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5679. [PMID: 25477044 PMCID: PMC4268691 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations around an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP) are believed to lead to unconventional superconductivity and in some cases to high-temperature superconductivity. However, the exact mechanism by which this occurs remains poorly understood. The iron-pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As1−xPx)2 is perhaps the clearest example to date of a high-temperature quantum critical superconductor, and so it is a particularly suitable system to study how the quantum critical fluctuations affect the superconducting state. Here we show that the proximity of the QCP yields unexpected anomalies in the superconducting critical fields. We find that both the lower and upper critical fields do not follow the behaviour, predicted by conventional theory, resulting from the observed mass enhancement near the QCP. Our results imply that the energy of superconducting vortices is enhanced, possibly due to a microscopic mixing of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, suggesting that a highly unusual vortex state is realized in quantum critical superconductors. Superconductivity in the iron pnictides is believed to be related to quantum critical fluctuations. Putzke et al. observe unexpected anomalies in the critical fields of BaFe2(As1−xPx)2 that emerge close to its magnetic critical point, which they argue is a generic feature of quantum critical superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Putzke
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - P Walmsley
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - J D Fletcher
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - L Malone
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - D Vignolles
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - C Proust
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S Badoux
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - P See
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - H E Beere
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - S Kasahara
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Mizukami
- 1] Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan [2] Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Shibauchi
- 1] Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan [2] Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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Walmsley P, Putzke C, Malone L, Guillamón I, Vignolles D, Proust C, Badoux S, Coldea AI, Watson MD, Kasahara S, Mizukami Y, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Carrington A. Quasiparticle mass enhancement close to the quantum critical point in BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:257002. [PMID: 23829753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.257002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined study of the specific heat and de Haas-van Alphen effect in the iron-pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2. Our data when combined with results for the magnetic penetration depth give compelling evidence for the existence of a quantum critical point close to x=0.30 which affects the majority of the Fermi surface by enhancing the quasiparticle mass. The results show that the sharp peak in the inverse superfluid density seen in this system results from a strong increase in the quasiparticle mass at the quantum critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Walmsley
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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11
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Hashimoto K, Mizukami Y, Katsumata R, Shishido H, Yamashita M, Ikeda H, Matsuda Y, Schlueter JA, Fletcher JD, Carrington A, Gnida D, Kaczorowski D, Shibauchi T. Anomalous superfluid density in quantum critical superconductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3293-7. [PMID: 23404698 PMCID: PMC3587240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221976110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When a second-order magnetic phase transition is tuned to zero temperature by a nonthermal parameter, quantum fluctuations are critically enhanced, often leading to the emergence of unconventional superconductivity. In these "quantum critical" superconductors it has been widely reported that the normal-state properties above the superconducting transition temperature T(c) often exhibit anomalous non-Fermi liquid behaviors and enhanced electron correlations. However, the effect of these strong critical fluctuations on the superconducting condensate below T(c) is less well established. Here we report measurements of the magnetic penetration depth in heavy-fermion, iron-pnictide, and organic superconductors located close to antiferromagnetic quantum critical points, showing that the superfluid density in these nodal superconductors universally exhibits, unlike the expected T-linear dependence, an anomalous 3/2 power-law temperature dependence over a wide temperature range. We propose that this noninteger power law can be explained if a strong renormalization of effective Fermi velocity due to quantum fluctuations occurs only for momenta k close to the nodes in the superconducting energy gap Δ(k). We suggest that such "nodal criticality" may have an impact on low-energy properties of quantum critical superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuta Mizukami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Katsumata
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - John A. Schlueter
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - Jonathan D. Fletcher
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Antony Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel Gnida
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland
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Hashimoto K, Cho K, Shibauchi T, Kasahara S, Mizukami Y, Katsumata R, Tsuruhara Y, Terashima T, Ikeda H, Tanatar MA, Kitano H, Salovich N, Giannetta RW, Walmsley P, Carrington A, Prozorov R, Matsuda Y. A sharp peak of the zero-temperature penetration depth at optimal composition in BaFe2(As(1-x)P(x))2. Science 2012; 336:1554-7. [PMID: 22723416 DOI: 10.1126/science.1219821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In a superconductor, the ratio of the carrier density, n, to its effective mass, m*, is a fundamental property directly reflecting the length scale of the superfluid flow, the London penetration depth, λ(L). In two-dimensional systems, this ratio n/m* (~1/λ(L)(2)) determines the effective Fermi temperature, T(F). We report a sharp peak in the x-dependence of λ(L) at zero temperature in clean samples of BaFe(2)(As(1)(-x)P(x))(2) at the optimum composition x = 0.30, where the superconducting transition temperature T(c) reaches a maximum of 30 kelvin. This structure may arise from quantum fluctuations associated with a quantum critical point. The ratio of T(c)/T(F) at x = 0.30 is enhanced, implying a possible crossover toward the Bose-Einstein condensate limit driven by quantum criticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hashimoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mercure JF, Bangura AF, Xu X, Wakeham N, Carrington A, Walmsley P, Greenblatt M, Hussey NE. Upper critical magnetic field far above the paramagnetic pair-breaking limit of superconducting one-dimensional Li0:9Mo6O17 single crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:187003. [PMID: 22681108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.187003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The upper critical field H(c2) of purple bronze Li0:9Mo6O17 is found to exhibit a large anisotropy, in quantitative agreement with that expected from the observed electrical resistivity anisotropy. With the field aligned along the most conducting axis, H(c2) increases monotonically with decreasing temperature to a value 5 times larger than the estimated paramagnetic pair-breaking field. Theories for the enhancement of H(c2) invoking spin-orbit scattering or strong-coupling superconductivity are shown to be inadequate in explaining the observed behavior, suggesting that the pairing state in Li0:9Mo6O17 is unconventional and possibly spin triplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Mercure
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Putzke C, Coldea AI, Guillamón I, Vignolles D, McCollam A, Leboeuf D, Watson MD, Mazin II, Kasahara S, Terashima T, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Carrington A. de Haas-van Alphen study of the Fermi surfaces of superconducting LiFeP and LiFeAs. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:047002. [PMID: 22400881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.047002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a de Haas-van Alphen oscillation study of the 111 iron pnictide superconductors LiFeAs with T(c) ≈ 18 K and LiFeP with T(c) ≈ 5 K. We find that for both compounds the Fermi surface topology is in good agreement with density functional band-structure calculations and has almost nested electron and hole bands. The effective masses generally show significant enhancement, up to ~3 for LiFeP and ~5 for LiFeAs. However, one hole Fermi surface in LiFeP shows a very small enhancement, as compared with its other sheets. This difference probably results from k-dependent coupling to spin fluctuations and may be the origin of the different nodal and nodeless superconducting gap structures in LiFeP and LiFeAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Putzke
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Hashimoto K, Kasahara S, Katsumata R, Mizukami Y, Yamashita M, Ikeda H, Terashima T, Carrington A, Matsuda Y, Shibauchi T. Nodal versus nodeless behaviors of the order parameters of LiFeP and LiFeAs superconductors from magnetic penetration-depth measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:047003. [PMID: 22400882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.047003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-precision measurements of magnetic penetration depth λ in clean single crystals of LiFeAs and LiFeP superconductors reveal contrasting behaviors. In LiFeAs the low-temperature λ(T) shows a flat dependence indicative of a fully gapped state, which is consistent with previous studies. In contrast, LiFeP exhibits a T-linear dependence of superfluid density infinity λ(-2), indicating a nodal superconducting order parameter. A systematic comparison of quasiparticle excitations in the 1111, 122, and 111 families of iron-pnictide superconductors implies that the nodal state is induced when the pnictogen height from the iron plane decreases below a threshold value of ~1.33 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hashimoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Shishido H, Bangura AF, Coldea AI, Tonegawa S, Hashimoto K, Kasahara S, Rourke PMC, Ikeda H, Terashima T, Settai R, Onuki Y, Vignolles D, Proust C, Vignolle B, McCollam A, Matsuda Y, Shibauchi T, Carrington A. Evolution of the Fermi surface of BaFe2(As1-xPx){2} on entering the superconducting dome. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:057008. [PMID: 20366792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.057008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using the de Haas-van Alphen effect we have measured the evolution of the Fermi surface of BaFe2(As1-xPx){2} as a function of isoelectric substitution (As/P) for 0.41<x<1 (T{c} up to 25 K). We find that the volumes of electron and hole Fermi surfaces shrink linearly with decreasing x. This shrinking is accompanied by a strong increase in the quasiparticle effective mass as x is tuned toward the maximum T{c}. These results are not explained by simple band structure calculations, and it is likely that these trends originate from the same many-body interactions which give rise to superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shishido
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Analytis JG, Andrew CMJ, Coldea AI, McCollam A, Chu JH, McDonald RD, Fisher IR, Carrington A. Fermi surface of SrFe2P2 determined by the de Haas-van Alphen effect. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:076401. [PMID: 19792666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.076401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the Fermi surface (FS) of the ternary iron-phosphide SrFe2P2 using the de Haas-van Alphen effect. The calculated FS of this compound is very similar to SrFe2As2, the parent compound of the high temperature superconductors. Our data show that the Fermi surface is composed of two electron and two hole sheets in agreement with band-structure calculations. Several of the sheets show strong c-axis warping emphasizing the importance of three dimensionality in the nonmagnetic state of the ternary pnictides. We find that the electron and hole pockets have a different topology, implying that this material does not satisfy a (pi, pi) nesting condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Analytis
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Coldea AI, Andrew CMJ, Analytis JG, McDonald RD, Bangura AF, Chu JH, Fisher IR, Carrington A. Topological change of the Fermi surface in ternary iron pnictides with reduced c/a ratio: a de Haas-van Alphen study of CaFe2P2. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:026404. [PMID: 19659226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.026404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a de Haas-van Alphen effect study of the Fermi surface of CaFe2P2 using low-temperature torque magnetometry up to 45 T. This system is a close structural analog of the collapsed tetragonal nonmagnetic phase of CaFe2As2. We find the Fermi surface of CaFe2P2 to differ from other related ternary phosphides in that its topology is highly dispersive in the c axis, being three dimensional in character and with identical mass enhancement on both electron and hole pockets ( approximately 1.5). This suggests that when the bonding between pnictogen layers becomes important nesting conditions are not fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia I Coldea
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Fletcher JD, Serafin A, Malone L, Analytis JG, Chu JH, Erickson AS, Fisher IR, Carrington A. Evidence for a nodal-line superconducting state in LaFePO. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:147001. [PMID: 19392472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.147001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In several iron-arsenide superconductors there is strong evidence for a fully gapped superconducting state consistent with either a conventional s-wave symmetry or an unusual s{+/-} state where the gap changes sign between the electron and hole Fermi-surface sheets. Here we report measurements of the penetration depth lambda(T) in very clean samples of the related iron-phosphide superconductor, LaFePO, at temperatures down to approximately 100 mK. We find that lambda(T) varies approximately linearly with T strongly suggesting the presence of gap nodes in this compound. Taken together with other data, this suggests the gap function is not universal for all pnictide superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Fletcher
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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21
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Coldea AI, Fletcher JD, Carrington A, Analytis JG, Bangura AF, Chu JH, Erickson AS, Fisher IR, Hussey NE, McDonald RD. Fermi surface of superconducting LaFePO determined from quantum oscillations. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:216402. [PMID: 19113432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report extensive measurements of quantum oscillations in the normal state of the Fe-based superconductor LaFePO, (T(c) approximately 6 K) using low temperature torque magnetometry and transport in high static magnetic fields (45 T). We find that the Fermi surface is in broad agreement with the band-structure calculations with the quasiparticle mass enhanced by a factor approximately 2. The quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface consists of nearly nested electron and hole pockets, suggesting proximity to a spin or charge density wave instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Coldea
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK
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Vignolle B, Carrington A, Cooper RA, French MMJ, Mackenzie AP, Jaudet C, Vignolles D, Proust C, Hussey NE. Quantum oscillations in an overdoped high-Tc superconductor. Nature 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bangura AF, Fletcher JD, Carrington A, Levallois J, Nardone M, Vignolle B, Heard PJ, Doiron-Leyraud N, Leboeuf D, Taillefer L, Adachi S, Proust C, Hussey NE. Small Fermi surface pockets in underdoped high temperature superconductors: observation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in YBa2Cu4O8. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:047004. [PMID: 18352322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.047004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the underdoped cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu4O8 (Y124). For fields aligned along the c axis, the frequency of the oscillations is 660+/-30 T, which corresponds to approximately 2.4% of the total area of the first Brillouin zone. The effective mass of the quasiparticles on this orbit is measured to be 2.7+/-0.3 times the free electron mass. Both the frequency and mass are comparable to those recently observed for ortho-II YBa2Cu3O6.5 (Y123-II). We show that although small Fermi surface pockets may be expected from band-structure calculations in Y123-II, no such pockets are predicted for Y124. Our results therefore imply that these small pockets are a generic feature of the copper oxide plane in underdoped cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Bangura
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Abdel-Jawad M, Analytis JG, Balicas L, Carrington A, Charmant JPH, French MMJ, Hussey NE. Correlation between the superconducting transition temperature and anisotropic quasiparticle scattering in Tl2Ba2CuO6+delta. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:107002. [PMID: 17930405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurements are used to determine the isotropic and anisotropic components of the transport scattering rate in overdoped Tl2Ba2CuO6+delta for a range of Tc values between 15 and 35 K. The size of the anisotropic scattering term is found to scale linearly with Tc, establishing a link between the superconducting and normal state physics. A comparison with results from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy indicates that the transport and quasiparticle lifetimes are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdel-Jawad
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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25
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Taylor OJ, Carrington A, Schlueter JA. Specific-heat measurements of the gap structure of the organic superconductors kappa-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br and kappa-(ET)2Cu(NCS)2. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:057001. [PMID: 17930779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present high resolution heat capacity measurements of the organic superconductors kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br and kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) in fields up to 14 T. We use the high field data to determine the normal state specific heat and hence extract the behavior of the electronic specific heat C(el) in the superconducting state in zero and finite fields. We find that in both materials for T/T(c) less or similar 0.3, C(el)(H=0) approximately T2 indicating d-wave superconductivity. The data are well described by a strong coupling d-wave model from our base temperature (T/T(c) approximately 0.1) right up to T(c). Our data help to resolve the controversy regarding the order parameter symmetry in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Taylor
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
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26
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Fletcher JD, Carrington A, Diener P, Rodière P, Brison JP, Prozorov R, Olheiser T, Giannetta RW. Penetration depth study of superconducting gap structure of 2H-NbSe2. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:057003. [PMID: 17358886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.057003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the temperature dependence of both in-plane and out-of-plane penetration depths (lambda(a) and lambda(c), respectively) in 2H-NbSe2. Measurements were made with a radio-frequency tunnel diode oscillator circuit at temperatures down to 100 mK. Analysis of the anisotropic superfluid density shows that a reduced energy gap is located on one or more of the quasi-two-dimensional Nb Fermi surface sheets rather than on the Se sheet, in contrast with some previous reports. This result suggests that the gap structure is not simply related to the weak electron-phonon coupling on the Se sheet and is therefore important for microscopic models of anisotropic superconductivity in this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Fletcher
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- B.J. Boland
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , U.K
| | - J.M. Brown
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , U.K
| | - A. Carrington
- a Department of Chemistry , The University , Southampton , SO9 5NH , U.K
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Fletcher JD, Carrington A, Taylor OJ, Kazakov SM, Karpinski J. Temperature-dependent anisotropy of the penetration depth and coherence length of MgB2. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:097005. [PMID: 16197241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.097005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the temperature-dependent anisotropies (gamma(lambda) and gamma(xi)) of both the London penetration depth lambda and the upper critical field of MgB2. Data for gamma(lambda)=lambda(c)/lambda(a) was obtained from measurements of lambda(a) and lambda(c) on a single crystal sample using a tunnel diode oscillator technique. gamma(xi)=H(perp)c(c2)/H(||c)(c2) was deduced from field-dependent specific heat measurements on the same sample. Gamma(lambda) and gamma(xi) have opposite temperature dependencies, but close to T(c) tend to a common value (gamma(lambda) similar or equal to gamma(xi)=1.75 +/- 0.05). These results are in good agreement with theories accounting for the two-gap nature of MgB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Fletcher
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Hussey NE, Abdel-Jawad M, Carrington A, Mackenzie AP, Balicas L. A coherent three-dimensional Fermi surface in a high-transition-temperature superconductor. Nature 2003; 425:814-7. [PMID: 14574406 DOI: 10.1038/nature01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Accepted: 08/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All conventional metals are known to possess a three-dimensional Fermi surface, which is the locus in reciprocal space of the long-lived electronic excitations that govern their electronic properties at low temperatures. These excitations should have well-defined momenta with components in all three dimensions. The high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxide superconductors have unusual, highly two-dimensional properties above the superconducting transition. This, coupled with a lack of unambiguous evidence for a three-dimensional Fermi surface, has led to many new and exotic models for the underlying electronic ground state. Here we report the observation of polar angular magnetoresistance oscillations in the overdoped superconductor Tl2Ba2CuO6+delta in high magnetic fields, which firmly establishes the existence of a coherent three-dimensional Fermi surface. Analysis of the oscillations reveals that at certain symmetry points, however, this surface is strictly two-dimensional. This striking form of the Fermi surface topography, long-predicted by electronic band structure calculations, provides a natural explanation for a wide range of anisotropic properties both in the normal and superconducting states. Our data reveal that, despite their extreme electrical anisotropy, the high-T(c) materials at high doping levels can be understood within a framework of conventional three-dimensional metal physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Hussey
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK.
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Carrington A, Meeson PJ, Cooper JR, Balicas L, Hussey NE, Yelland EA, Lee S, Yamamoto A, Tajima S, Kazakov SM, Karpinski J. Determination of the Fermi surface of MgB2 by the de Haas-van Alphen effect. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:037003. [PMID: 12906441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.037003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect for single crystals of MgB2, in magnetic fields up to 32 T. In contrast to our earlier work, dHvA orbits from all four sheets of the Fermi surface were detected. Our results are in good overall agreement with calculations of the electronic structure and the electron-phonon mass enhancements of the various orbits, but there are some small quantitative discrepancies. In particular, systematic differences in the relative volumes of the Fermi-surface sheets and the magnitudes of the electron-phonon coupling constants could be large enough to affect detailed calculations of T(c) and other superconducting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrington
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Yelland EA, Cooper JR, Carrington A, Hussey NE, Meeson PJ, Lee S, Yamamoto A, Tajima S. de Haas-van Alphen effect in single crystal MgB2. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:217002. [PMID: 12059494 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of quantum oscillations in single crystals of the high temperature superconductor MgB2. Three de Haas-van Alphen frequencies are clearly resolved. Comparison with band structure calculations strongly suggests that two of these come from a single warped Fermi surface tube along the c direction, and that the third arises from cylindrical sections of an in-plane honeycomb network. The measured values of the effective mass range from (0.44-0.68)m(e). By comparing these to calculated band masses, we find that the electron-phonon coupling strength lambda is a factor of approximately 3 larger for the c-axis tube orbits than for the in-plane network orbit, in accord with recent microscopic calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Yelland
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Manzano F, Carrington A, Hussey NE, Lee S, Yamamoto A, Tajima S. Exponential temperature dependence of the penetration depth in single crystal MgB2. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:047002. [PMID: 11801156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.047002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2001] [Revised: 08/07/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the London penetration depth, lambda(T), was measured in both single crystal and polycrystalline MgB2 samples by a high-resolution, radio frequency technique. A clear exponential temperature dependence of lambda(T) was observed at low temperature, indicating s-wave pairing. A BCS fit to the lowest temperature data gives an in-plane energy gap Delta of 30+/-2 K (2Delta/T(c) = 1.5+/-0.1), which is significantly smaller than the standard BCS weak coupling value of 3.5. We find that the data are best described by a two-gap model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Manzano
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, England
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Abstract
This chapter describes my research career, spanning the period from 1955 to 2000. My initial PhD work at the University of Southampton was concerned with the electronic structure and spectra of transition metal complexes and included studies of the electronic spin resonance (ESR) spectra of magnetically dilute single crystals. After a year at the University of Minnesota, I went to Cambridge University and for the next six years studied the ESR spectra of liquid phase organic free radicals. I commenced work on the microwave magnetic resonance (MMR) spectra of gaseous free radicals in 1965, and this work continued until 1975. I moved from Cambridge to Southampton in 1967. In 1975 I turned to the study of gas phase molecular ions, using ion beam methods. In the earlier years of this period I concentrated on simple fundamental species like H(+)2, HD(+), and H(+)3. In the later years until my retirement in 1999, I concentrated on the observation and analysis of microwave spectra involving energy levels lying very close to a dissociation asymptote. DEDICATION This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Harry E. Radford, who died while it was being written. Harry was a quiet and shy man, who often worked alone and never indulged in self-promotion. So far as I know, he was never awarded any medals or prizes, nor elected to any academies or learned societies. Nevertheless he was an experimentalist of the highest originality and quality, a theorist of true intellectual depth, and a remarkable pioneer in many of the techniques of studying free radicals that are now commonplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, England.
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Carrington A, Manzano F, Prozorov R, Giannetta RW, Kameda N, Tamegai T. Evidence for surface Andreev bound states in cuprate superconductors from penetration depth measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:1074-1077. [PMID: 11178013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling and theoretical studies have suggested that Andreev bound states form at certain surfaces of unconventional superconductors. Through studies of the temperature and field dependence of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth lambda(ab) at low temperature, we have found strong evidence for the presence of these states in clean single crystal YBCO and BSCCO. Crystals cut to expose (110) surfaces show a strong upturn in lambda(ab) at around 7 K, when the field is oriented along the c axis. In YBCO this upturn is completely suppressed by a field of approximately 0.1 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Walker D, Carrington A, Cannan SA, Sawicki D, Sredy J, Boulton AJ, Malik RA. Structural abnormalities do not explain the early functional abnormalities in the peripheral nerves of the streptozotocin diabetic rat. J Anat 1999; 195 ( Pt 3):419-27. [PMID: 10580857 PMCID: PMC1468011 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19530419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat, the most commonly employed model of experimental diabetic neuropathy, is characterised by a reduction in nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and blood flow. Whether or not structural abnormalities underlie these functional abnormalities is unclear. 10 adult male Sprague-Dawley STZ-diabetic rats (diabetes duration 27 d) and 10 age-matched (23 wk) control animals were studied. Motor nerve conduction velocity (m s(-1)) was significantly reduced in diabetic (41.31 +/- 0.8) compared with control (46.15 +/- 1.5) animals (P < 0.001). The concentration of sciatic nerve glucose (P < 0.001), fructose (P < 0.001) and sorbitol (P < 0.001) was elevated, and myoinositol (P < 0.001) was reduced in diabetic compared with control animals. Detailed morphometric studies demonstrated no significant difference in fascicular area, myelinated fibre density, fibre and axon areas as well as unmyelinated fibre density and diameter. Endoneurial capillary density, basement membrane area and endothelial cell profile number did not differ between diabetic and control animals. However, luminal area (P < 0.03) was increased and endothelial cell area (P < 0.08) was decreased in the diabetic rats. We conclude there is no detectable structural basis for the reduction in nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold or blood flow, observed in the streptozotocin diabetic rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Walker
- Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
An ion beam technique has been developed that combines some of the methods of mass spectrometry and molecular spectroscopy and is designed for the study of molecular ions at energy levels lying very close to the lowest dissociation limit. Microwave radiation is used to drive spectroscopic transitions, and electric field dissociation of the weakly bound levels provides a high degree of state selection for sensitive detection of the spectra. The analysis of the spectra requires unconventional approaches to the description of the long-range levels and their spectroscopic study and provides stringent tests of ab initio theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrington
- The author is in the Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
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Julien M, Carretta P, Horvatic M, Berthier C, Berthier Y, Ségransan P, Carrington A, Colson D. Spin gap in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ delta single crystals from 63Cu NMR. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:4238-4241. [PMID: 10061236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hussey NE, Cooper JR, Wheatley JM, Fisher IR, Carrington A, Mackenzie AP, Lin CT, Milat O. Angular dependence of the c-axis normal state magnetoresistance in single crystal Tl2Ba2CuO6. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:122-125. [PMID: 10060449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Walker DJ, Laborde O, Mackenzie AP, Julian SR, Carrington A, Loram JW, Cooper JR. Resistive upper critical field of thin films of underdoped YBa2(Cu0.97Zn0.03)3O7- delta. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:9375-9378. [PMID: 9977592 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.9375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hussey NE, Carrington A, Cooper JR, Sinclair DC. Discontinuity in the low-field magnetization of single-crystal Tl2Ba2CuO6 with H||||ab. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:13073-13076. [PMID: 9975495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jánossy A, Cooper JR, Brunel L, Carrington A. Suppression of the superconducting gap and the spin-fluctuation gap of YBa2Cu3Oy (y=7.0 and 6.76) by Zn substitution as measured by Gd3+ electron-spin resonance. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:3442-3445. [PMID: 9976607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Carrington A, Mackenzie AP, Sinclair DC, Cooper JR. Field dependence of the resistive transition in Tl2Ba2CuO6+ delta. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:13243-13246. [PMID: 10010250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Carrington A, Walker DJ, Mackenzie AP, Cooper JR. Hall effect and resistivity of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7- delta thin films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:13051-13059. [PMID: 10007682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mackenzie AP, Julian SR, Lonzarich GG, Carrington A, Hughes SD, Liu RS, Sinclair DS. Resistive upper critical field of Tl2Ba2CuO6 at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 71:1238-1241. [PMID: 10055485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Carrington A, Mackenzie AP, Lin CT, Cooper JR. Temperature dependence of the Hall angle in single-crystal YBa2(Cu1-xCox)3O7- delta. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:2855-2858. [PMID: 10046606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Mackenzie AP, Hughes SD, Cooper JR, Carrington A, Chen C, Wanklyn BM. Low-temperature Hall effect in Bi2Sr2CuO6- delta. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:527-530. [PMID: 10000221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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