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Bandler SR, Chervenak JA, Datesman AM, Devasia AM, DiPirro M, Sakai K, Smith SJ, Stevenson TR, Yoon W, Bennett D, Mates B, Swetz D, Ullom JN, Irwin KD, Eckart ME, Figueroa-Feliciano E, McCammon D, Ryu K, Olson J, Zeiger B. Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter. J Astron Telesc Instrum Syst 2019; 5:021017. [PMID: 33442556 PMCID: PMC7802767 DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.5.2.021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lynx is an x-ray telescope, one of four large satellite mission concepts currently being studied by NASA to be a flagship mission. One of Lynx's three instruments is an imaging spectrometer called the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM), an x-ray microcalorimeter behind an x-ray optic with an angular resolution of 0.5 arc sec and ∼2 m2 of area at 1 keV. The LXM will provide unparalleled diagnostics of distant extended structures and, in particular, will allow the detailed study of the role of cosmic feedback in the evolution of the Universe. We discuss the baseline design of LXM and some parallel approaches for some of the key technologies. The baseline sensor technology uses transition-edge sensors, but we also consider an alternative approach using metallic magnetic calorimeters. We discuss the requirements for the instrument, the pixel layout, and the baseline readout design, which uses microwave superconducting quantum interference devices and high-electron mobility transistor amplifiers and the cryogenic cooling requirements and strategy for meeting these requirements. For each of these technologies, we discuss the current technology readiness level and our strategy for advancing them to be ready for flight. We also describe the current system design, including the block diagram, and our estimate for the mass, power, and data rate of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. Bandler
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Aaron M. Datesman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
- Wyle Information Systems, McLean, Virginia, United States
| | - Archana M. Devasia
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
- CRESST and University of Maryland Department of Physics, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael DiPirro
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Sakai
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
- CRESST and University of Maryland Department of Physics, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Stephen J. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
- CRESST and University of Maryland Department of Physics, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Wonsik Yoon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
- ASRC Federal Space and Defense, Beltsville, Maryland, United States
| | - Douglas Bennett
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Benjamin Mates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel Swetz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Joel N. Ullom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kent D. Irwin
- Stanford University, Department of Physics, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Megan E. Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, United States
| | | | - Dan McCammon
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin Ryu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Advanced Imager Technology Group, Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeffrey Olson
- Lockheed Martin Space, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Ben Zeiger
- Luxel Corporation, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States
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