Prevalencia de comportamientos del movimiento en población mexicana

OBJETIVO

Describir la prevalencia de los comportamientos del movimiento (CM) en 24 horas en población mexicana. Material y métodos. Se recolectó información de actividad física (AF), tiempo sedentario y sueño para individuos de 10 a 78 años por medio de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022).

RESULTADOS

Más de 65% de niños y niñas no cumple con las recomendaciones de AF y pasan >2 horas/día frente a pantallas. Casi 91% de los adolescentes pasan >2 horas/día frente a pantalla. Más de 30% de los adolescentes y adultos no cumple con las recomendaciones de sueño. Sólo 1.5% de niños y niñas, 4.7% de adolescentes, 4.0% de los adultos y 1.5% de adultos mayores cumplieron las recomendaciones de los tres CM. Conclusión. Se evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias para contrarrestar la inactividad física, el comportamiento sedentario y el sueño insuficiente desde temprana edad hasta la adultez en población mexicana.

Systematic literature review of instruments that measure the healthfulness of food and beverages sold in informal food outlets

BACKGROUND

Informal food outlets, defined as vendors who rarely have access to water and toilets, much less shelter and electricity, are a common component of the food environment, particularly in many non-Western countries. The purpose of this study was to review available instruments that measure the quality and particularly the healthfulness of food and beverages sold within informal food outlets.

METHODS

PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used. Articles were included if they reported instruments that measured the availability or type of healthy and unhealthy foods and beverages by informal food outlets, were written in English or Spanish, and published between January 1, 2010, and July 31, 2020. Two trained researchers reviewed the title, abstract and full text of selected articles; discrepancies were solved by two independent researchers. In addition, the list of references for selected articles was reviewed for any additional articles of relevance. The quality of published articles and documents was evaluated using JBI Critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.

RESULTS

We identified 1078 articles of which 14 were included after applying the selection criteria. Three additional articles were considered after reviewing the references from the selected articles. From the final 17 articles, 13 measurement tools were identified. Most of the instruments were used in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Products were classified as healthy/unhealthy or produce/non-produce or processed/unprocessed based on availability and type. Six studies reported psychometric tests, whereas one was tested within the informal food sector.

CONCLUSIONS

Few instruments can measure the healthfulness of food and beverages sold in informal food outlets, of which the most valid and reliable have been used to measure formal food outlets as well. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an instrument that manages to measure, specifically, the elements available within an informal one. These actions are extremely important to better understand the food environment that is a central contributor to poor diets that are increasingly associated with the obesity and Non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic.

Formative Research Helped Identify Acceptable, Locally Available Foods to Mix with Unsweetened Small-quantity Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement in Mexico (P10-030-19)

Objectives

Appropriate utilisation of home fortificants such as small-quantity lipid-based nutrition supplements (SQ-LNS) requires providing clear and acceptable instructions of use for the target audience. We conducted formative research to identify locally available foods that could be recommended to mix with unsweetened SQ-LNS in Mexico.

Methods

Thirteen caregivers of 7 to 23 month-old children participated in a SQ-LNS tasting session and guided group discussion at a hospital in a semi-urban area in Morelos, Mexico. After sampling the SQ-LNS, caregivers were asked to select 1 or more of the 9 common complementary foods available to mix with 1 sachet of SQ-LNS (20 g). The common complementary foods available, identified from previous research, were: cooked rice, mashed beans, plain yogurt, strawberry-flavoured yogurt, the sweetened dairy snack Danonino, two types of commercial baby food (carrot and pear), banana, and oatmeal. Caregivers tasted and rated the organoleptic properties of SQ-LNS mixed with each of the foods. Subsequently, we conducted a home feeding session in which caregivers selected 1 of the top 4 foods preferred during the tasting session to mix with SQ-LNS (n = 8).

Results

The preferred foods for mixing SQ-LNS in the tasting session were mashed beans (n = 5), cooked rice (n = 2), Danonino (n = 2) and unsweetened yogurt (n = 2). Caregivers preferred these foods because they were considered better in masking the taste of the supplement. During the home feeding session, half of the caregivers selected Danonino to mix with SQ-LNS, and none selected unsweetened yogurt. Some caregivers considered that varying the type of foods used to mix with SQ-LNS could be a useful strategy to improve acceptance and adherence to daily supplementation.

Conclusions

Providing multiple examples of locally available and acceptable complementary foods to mix with SQ-LNS might be necessary to promote daily supplement use in the study context. Formative research is useful for developing recommendations for SQ-LNS use that take into account the customs and preferences of the target population.

Funding Sources

The study was funded by the Government of Canada, as part of the Business Platform for Nutrition Research hosted by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.

Acceptability of Unsweetened Small-quantity Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements in Mexico Among 7 to 24 Month-old Children and Their Caregivers: A Formative Research Study (P10-046-19)

Objectives

Lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) have the potential to improve micronutrient status, growth and development of children. While the sweetened version of the supplement has been found to be acceptable, the acceptability of unsweetened LNS is unknown. The study was conducted to examine the acceptability of unsweetened small-quantity LNS (SQ-LNS) among Mexican children and their caregivers.

Methods

Eligible caregivers of 7 to 24 mo-old children (n = 13) participated in an SQ-LNS tasting session at a hospital in a semi-urban area of the state of Morelos, Mexico. Using a 3-point hedonic scale, they rated the organoleptic characteristics of SQ-LNS (alone and mixed with food) and their willingness to feed it to their child. Subsequently, a focus group discussion was conducted to further explore caregivers’ experiences and perceptions about the supplement. Feeding sessions were carried out in caregivers’ homes, during which children (n = 8) were fed a meal consisting of SQ-LNS (20 g) mixed with a local complementary food (36 g). The amount (g) of meal consumed by the children was measured.

Results

Most women (n = 12) liked the smell of the supplement and more than half (n = 8) liked the appearance. However, less than a quarter liked the taste (n = 3) and texture (n = 2) and more than half (n = 8) perceived that their child would dislike it. Irrespective of caregiver's perception regarding the supplement, a majority (n = 9) reported they would be willing to feed it to their children mostly because of its nutritional content and health benefits. Caregivers reported that they would prefer to mix the supplement with food before feeding to child and would try different strategies including mixing the supplement with foods that are commonly eaten at home that the child likes. When caregivers rated LNS mixed with food, results showed that more than half liked the taste (n = 8) and perceived that their child would like it (n = 9). On average, children consumed 23.8 ± 19.2 g of the meal (equivalent to a proportion of 42 ± 34%).

Conclusions

Although the taste of unsweetened SQ-LNS was not largely accepted, caregivers expressed their willingness to feed the supplement to their children using different strategies. The use of unsweetened SQ-LNS in future studies in this population may be acceptable.

Funding Sources

The study was funded by the Government of Canada, as part of the Business Platform for Nutrition Research hosted by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.