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Zhou T, Tsybovsky Y, Olia AS, Gorman J, Rapp MA, Cerutti G, Chuang GY, Katsamba PS, Nazzari A, Sampson JM, Schon A, Wang PD, Bimela J, Shi W, Teng IT, Zhang B, Boyington JC, Sastry M, Stephens T, Stuckey J, Wang S, Friesner RA, Ho DD, Mascola JR, Shapiro L, Kwong PD. Cryo-EM Structures Delineate a pH-Dependent Switch that Mediates Endosomal Positioning of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domains. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32637958 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.04.187989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike employs mobile receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to engage the ACE2 receptor and to facilitate virus entry. Antibodies can engage RBD but some, such as CR3022, fail to inhibit entry despite nanomolar spike affinity. Here we show the SARS-CoV-2 spike to have low unfolding enthalpy at serological pH and up to 10-times more unfolding enthalpy at endosomal pH, where we observe significantly reduced CR3022 affinity. Cryo-EM structures -at serological and endosomal pH- delineated spike recognition of up to three ACE2 molecules, revealing RBD to freely adopt the 'up' conformation. In the absence of ACE2, single-RBD-up conformations dominated at pH 5.5, resolving into a locked all-down conformation at lower pH. Notably, a pH-dependent refolding region (residues 824-858) at the spike-interdomain interface displayed dramatic structural rearrangements and mediated RBD positioning and spike shedding of antibodies like CR3022. An endosomal mechanism involving spike-conformational change can thus facilitate immune evasion from RBD-'up'-recognizing antibody.
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Bartolini D, De Franco F, Torquato P, Marinelli R, Cerra B, Ronchetti R, Schon A, Fallarino F, De Luca A, Bellezza G, Ferri I, Sidoni A, Walton WG, Pellock SJ, Redinbo MR, Mani S, Pellicciari R, Gioiello A, Galli F. Garcinoic Acid Is a Natural and Selective Agonist of Pregnane X Receptor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3701-3712. [PMID: 32160459 PMCID: PMC7901650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master xenobiotic-sensing transcription factor and a
validated target for immune and inflammatory diseases. The identification of chemical
probes to investigate the therapeutic relevance of the receptor is still highly desired.
In fact, currently available PXR ligands are not highly selective and can exhibit
toxicity and/or potential off-target effects. In this study, we have identified
garcinoic acid as a selective and efficient PXR agonist. The properties of this natural
molecule as a specific PXR agonist were demonstrated by the screening on a panel of
nuclear receptors, the assessment of the physical and thermodynamic binding affinity,
and the determination of the PXR-garcinoic acid complex crystal structure. Cytotoxicity,
transcriptional, and functional properties were investigated in human liver cells, and
compound activity and target engagement were confirmed in vivo in mouse liver and gut
tissue. In conclusion, garcinoic acid is a selective natural agonist of PXR and a
promising lead compound toward the development of new PXR-regulating modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Arne Schon
- The Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samuel J Pellock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sridhar Mani
- The Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, Genetics, and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | | | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
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Thill M, Kelling K, van Haasteren V, Traub L, Nölke J, Szwarcfiter I, Shapiro M, Schon A, Aulmann S. Abstract P2-14-23: Successful intraoperative margin assessment in DCIS and invasive breast cancer with diffuison-weighted MRI using the Clearsight™ system. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Aim of our study is to evaluate the performance of the ClearSight™ system (ClearCut Medical, Ltd.) in assessing surgical margins for DCIS and IBC in breast conserving surgery
Material and Methods
The ClearSight™ system utilizes a diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) protocol to create 2D surface maps showing T2*, a MR parameter related to the tissue's apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), with a depth penetration of 1.5mm. ADC is a highly accurate differentiator for irregular versus normal tissue.
From November 2017 a prospective, blinded post marketing study (N=63), evaluating the performance of the ClearSight™ system has been conducted in the Breast Centre at the Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt, Germany. After standard evaluation with ultrasound and/or X-ray, the specimens were scanned with the ClearSight™ system, and results were compared with the final histopathology results on a margin per margin bases, applying a simple T2* threshold to flag irregular tissue.
Results
Breast specimens' margins from 60 patients were analyzed. Pursuant to the breast conserving surgery (BCS), 348 margins were scanned by the ClearSight™ system. A rigid T2* threshold comparison with the pathology findings resulted in a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 84%. Accuracy for invasive and in-situ cancers was found to be similar for tissues scanned within one hour after excision. After that sensitivity for DCIS started to drop and was found to be 56% after 2 hours. Further accuracy improvements can be achieved if the reading physician is free to apply an intuitive diffusion map interpretation rather than adhere to a fixed threshold.
Conclusion
The data suggest that ClearSightTM can reduce excision rates by a robust 80% if the excised breast tissue is scanned within one hour. Tissue drying impacts sensitivity for DCIS negatively. Free map interpretation leads to better results than a fixed threshold.
Citation Format: Thill M, Kelling K, van Haasteren V, Traub L, Nölke J, Szwarcfiter I, Shapiro M, Schon A, Aulmann S. Successful intraoperative margin assessment in DCIS and invasive breast cancer with diffuison-weighted MRI using the Clearsight™ system [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thill
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Kelling
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - V van Haasteren
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Traub
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Nölke
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I Szwarcfiter
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Shapiro
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Schon
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Aulmann
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany; Clearcut, Rehovot, Israel; OptiPath, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ingelmo PM, Gelsumino C, Acosta AP, Lopez V, Gimenez C, Halac A, Lira P, Schon A, Spagnolo B, Pignataro A, Nunez G, Gamboa M, Buquicchio I, Astuto M, Fumagalli R. Epidural analgesia in children: planning, organization and development of a new program. Minerva Anestesiol 2007; 73:575-585. [PMID: 17952030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the present work is to describe the development and results of the pediatric epidural analgesia program at the ''Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Prof. Dr. J. P. Garrahan'' in Argentina. METHODS Patients with thoracotomy, abdominal surgery, osteotomy, amputations or severe trauma were included in the program. The program provided training to the entire staff, control and record of pain treatment and its consequences, 24 h a day availability of anesthesia staff and standard polices and procedures. RESULTS One hundred fifty children under 16 years of age (median age 11 years, median weight 35 kg) were included in the program during the first 18 months. The median of maximum pain reported during activity was 1 (interquartile range 1 to 4 points) using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or Objective Pain Scale (OPS). Eighty seven children (CI 95% 50% to 67%) presented with postoperative nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, itching, motor blockade or sedation. No patient presented with respiratory depression, hypotension, local anaesthetic toxicity, epidural catheter related infection or death during the program evaluation. The postoperative care program enabled a 98-day reduction in treatment in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION The safe use of pediatric epidural analgesia in general wards may require the careful selection of patients, systematic assessment by trained personnel, training of medical and nursing personnel, clear distribution of responsibilities, use of printed indications, systematic record of pain, sedation and complications, information and education of patients and parents, supply of systems for airway resuscitation and management and continuous quality control and revision of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Ingelmo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital of Monza, Milano Bicocca University, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNase P) from wheat nuclei has been purified over 1000-fold, using wheat germ extract as starting material and a combination of poly(ethylenglycol) precipitation and column chromatography. The enzyme was shown to be of nuclear origin by its characteristic ionic requirements; for optimum activity it requires 0.5-1.5 mM Mg2+, which can be partly replaced by Mn2+. With about 100 kDa, wheat nuclear RNase P has the lowest molecular mass reported so far for a eukaryotic RNase P. The enzyme has an isoelectric point of 5.0 and a buoyant density of 1.34 g/ml in CsCl, suggesting the presence of a nucleic acid component; it is, however, insensitive against treatment with micrococcal nuclease. Wheat germ RNase P requires an intact tertiary structure of the pre-tRNA substrate; its cleavage efficiency is also influenced by the presence of an intron, and by the nature of the 3' terminus of the substrate. The apparent Km and Vmax for an intronless plant pre-tRNA(Tyr) are 10.3 nM and 1.12 fmol/min, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Nucleus/enzymology
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/isolation & purification
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Isoelectric Point
- Kinetics
- Micrococcal Nuclease
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Structure
- Molecular Weight
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/genetics
- RNA Precursors/chemistry
- RNA Precursors/genetics
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/isolation & purification
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/chemistry
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Tyr/metabolism
- Ribonuclease P
- Substrate Specificity
- Triticum/enzymology
- Triticum/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arends
- Institut für Biochemie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Biozentrum, Würzburg, Germany
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Backman P, Bastos M, Briggner LE, Hagg S, Hallen D, Lonnbro P, Nilsson SO, Olofsson G, Schon A, Suurkuusk J, Teixeira C, Wadsö I. A system of microcalorimeters. PURE APPL CHEM 1994. [DOI: 10.1351/pac199466030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schon A. [Nickel-chromium alloys in current laboratory practice]. Dent Labor (Munch) 1984; 32:663-5. [PMID: 6383887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schon A. [Methods, tips and tricks in preparation of non-precious metal castings]. Dent Labor (Munch) 1981; 29:1501-8. [PMID: 7030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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