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Shayegannia M, Montazeri AO, Dixon K, Prinja R, Kazemi-Zanjani N, Kherani NP. Adiabatic mode transformation in width-graded nano-gratings enabling multiwavelength light localization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:669. [PMID: 33436800 PMCID: PMC7804207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We delineate the four principal surface plasmon polariton coupling and interaction mechanisms in subwavelength gratings, and demonstrate their significant roles in shaping the optical response of plasmonic gratings. Within the framework of width-graded metal–insulator-metal nano-gratings, electromagnetic field confinement and wave guiding result in multiwavelength light localization provided conditions of adiabatic mode transformation are satisfied. The field is enhanced further through fine tuning of the groove-width (w), groove-depth (L) and groove-to-groove-separation (d). By juxtaposing the resonance modes of width-graded and non-graded gratings and defining the adiabaticity condition, we demonstrate the criticality of w and d in achieving adiabatic mode transformation among the grooves. We observe that the resonant wavelength of a graded grating corresponds to the properties of a single groove when the grooves are adiabatically coupled. We show that L plays an important function in defining the span of localized wavelengths. Specifically, we show that multiwavelength resonant modes with intensity enhancement exceeding three orders of magnitude are possible with w < 30 nm and 300 nm < d < 900 nm for a range of fixed values of L. This study presents a novel paradigm of deep-subwavelength adiabatically-coupled width-graded gratings—illustrating its versatility in design, hence its viability for applications ranging from surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy to multispectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Shayegannia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Arthur O Montazeri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katelyn Dixon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Rajiv Prinja
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nastaran Kazemi-Zanjani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada. .,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada.
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Dixon K, Montazeri AO, Shayegannia M, Barnard ES, Cabrini S, Matsuura N, Holman HY, Kherani NP. Tunable rainbow light trapping in ultrathin resonator arrays. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:194. [PMID: 33298862 PMCID: PMC7693327 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow light trapping in plasmonic devices allows for field enhancement of multiple wavelengths within a single device. However, many of these devices lack precise control over spatial and spectral enhancement profiles and cannot provide extremely high localised field strengths. Here we present a versatile, analytical design paradigm for rainbow trapping in nanogroove arrays by utilising both the groove-width and groove-length as tuning parameters. We couple this design technique with fabrication through multilayer thin-film deposition and focused ion beam milling, which enables the realisation of unprecedented feature sizes down to 5 nm and corresponding extreme normalised local field enhancements up to 103. We demonstrate rainbow trapping within the devices through hyperspectral microscopy and show agreement between the experimental results and simulation. The combination of expeditious design and precise fabrication underpins the implementation of these nanogroove arrays for manifold applications in sensing and nanoscale optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Dixon
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Arthur O Montazeri
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Moein Shayegannia
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward S Barnard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Cabrini
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Naomi Matsuura
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hoi-Ying Holman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
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Montazeri AO, Kim Y, Fang YS, Soheilinia N, Zaghi G, Clark JK, Maboudian R, Kherani NP, Carraro C. Scalable Super-Resolution Synthesis of Core-Vest Composites Assisted by Surface Plasmons. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:717-723. [PMID: 29365257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of composite nanostructures depends on both size and elemental composition. Accordingly, concurrent control of size, shape, and composition of nanoparticles is key to tuning their functionality. In typical core-shell nanoparticles, the high degree of symmetry during shell formation results in fully encapsulated cores with severed access to the surroundings. We commingle light parameters (wavelength, intensity, and pulse duration) with the physical properties of nanoparticles (size, shape, and composition) to form hitherto unrealized core-vest composite nanostructures (CVNs). Unlike typical core-shells, the plasmonic core of the resulting CVNs selectively maintains physical access to its surrounding. Tunable variations in local temperature profiles ≳50 °C are plasmonically induced over starburst-shaped nanoparticles as small as 50-100 nm. These temperature variations result in CVNs where the shell coverage mirrors the temperature variations. The precision thus offered individually tailors access pathways of the core and the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Montazeri
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Y S Fang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - N Soheilinia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - G Zaghi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - J K Clark
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - R Maboudian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - N P Kherani
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - C Carraro
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Bahrami F, Maisonneuve M, Meunier M, Montazeri AO, Kim Y, Kherani NP, Aitchison JS, Mojahedi M. Kinetic analysis of nanoparticle-protein interactions using a plasmon waveguide resonance. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:271-277. [PMID: 26871886 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) sensor is proposed for studying the interaction between gold nanoparticles and proteins. The ability of the PWR sensor to operate in both TM and TE Polarizations, i.e. its polarization diversity, facilitates the simultaneous spectroscopy of the nanoparticles surface reactions using both polarizations. The response of each polarization to streptavidin-biotin binding at the surface of gold nanoparticles is investigated in real time. Finally, using the principles of multimode spectroscopy, the nanoparticle's surface reactions are decoupled from the bulk solution refractive index variations. Schematic diagram of the NP-modified PWR sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Bahrami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Maisonneuve
- Department of Engineering Physics, EcolePolytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Michel Meunier
- Department of Engineering Physics, EcolePolytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Arthur O Montazeri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - J Stewart Aitchison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mo Mojahedi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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Montazeri AO, Fang Y, Sarrafi P, Kherani NP. Rainbow-trapping by adiabatic tuning of intragroove plasmon coupling. Opt Express 2016; 24:26745-26755. [PMID: 27857405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.026745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Trapping broadband electromagnetic radiation over a subwavelength grating, provides new opportunities for hyperspectral light-matter interaction on a nanometer scale. Previous efforts have shown rainbow-trapping is possible on functionally graded structures. Here, we propose groove width as a new gradient parameter for designing rainbow-trapping gratings and define the range of its validity. We articulate the correlation between the width of narrow grooves and the overlap or the coupling of the evanescent surface plasmon fields within the grooves. In the suitable range (≲150 nm), this width parameter becomes as important as other known parameters such as groove depth and materials composition, but tailoring groove widths is remarkably more feasible in practice. Using groove width as a design parameter, we investigate rainbow-trapping gratings and derive an analytical formula by treating each nano-groove as a plasmonic waveguide resonator. These results closely agree with numerical simulations.
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