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Vaughan L, Eggert LE, Jonas A, Sung A, Singer S. Use of home pulse oximetry with daily short message service messages for monitoring outpatients with COVID-19: The patient's experience. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211067651. [PMID: 34925873 PMCID: PMC8679026 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211067651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown COVID-19 patients may have a low oxygen saturation (SpO2)
independent of visible respiratory distress, a phenomenon termed “silent hypoxia.” Silent
hypoxia creates uncertainty in the outpatient setting for clinicians and patients alike.
In this study, we examined the potential for pulse oximeters in identifying early signs of
clinical deterioration. We report descriptive results on COVID-positive patients’
experiences with a comprehensive home monitoring tool comprised of home SpO2
measurements with a novel symptom-tracking short message service/text messaging
application. Of patients who required hospitalization, 83% sought care as a result of low
pulse oximeter readings. Nearly all patients who did not require hospitalization reported
that having a pulse oximeter provided them with the confidence to stay at home.
Essentially all patients found a home pulse oximeter useful. Keeping COVID-19-positive
patients at home reduces the potential for disease spread and prevents unnecessary costs
and strain on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vaughan
- Medicine/Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lauren E Eggert
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Andrea Jonas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Arthur Sung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Sara Singer
- Medicine/Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.,Stanford Graduate School of Business, USA
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2
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Chang J, Swenson KE, Sung A, Bedi H. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Correlation Between Nasopharyngeal Swab and BAL in Asymptomatic Patients. Chest 2020; 159:2488-2490. [PMID: 33217415 PMCID: PMC7670233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kai E Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Arthur Sung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Harmeet Bedi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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Singh S, Bergsland EK, Card CM, Hope TA, Kunz PL, Laidley DT, Lawrence B, Leyden S, Metz DC, Michael M, Modahl LE, Myrehaug S, Padda SK, Pommier RF, Ramirez RA, Soulen M, Strosberg J, Sung A, Thawer A, Wei B, Xu B, Segelov E. Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumour Research Collaboration and the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: An International Collaborative Endorsement and Update of the 2015 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:1577-1598. [PMID: 32663527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) are uncommon cancers, and there is a paucity of randomized evidence to guide practice. As a result, current guidelines from different neuroendocrine tumor societies vary considerably. There is a need to update and harmonize global consensus guidelines. This article reports the best practice guidelines produced by a collaboration between the Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumour Research Collaboration and the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. We performed a formal endorsement and updating process of the 2015 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society expert consensus article on LNET. A systematic review from January 2013 to October 2017 was conducted to procure the most recent evidence. The stepwise endorsement process involved experts from all major subspecialties, patients, and advocates. Guided by discussion of the most recent evidence, each statement from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society was either endorsed, modified, or removed. New consensus statements were added if appropriate. The search yielded 1109 new publications, of which 230 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 12 statements were endorsed, 22 statements were modified or updated, one was removed, and two were added. Critical answered questions for each topic in LNET were identified. Through the consensus process, guidelines for the management of patients with local and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors have been updated to include both recent evidence and practice changes relating to technological and definitional advances. The guidelines provide clear, evidence-based statements aimed at harmonizing the global approach to patients with LNETs, on the basis of the principles of person-centered and LNET-specific care. The importance of LNET-directed research and person-centered care throughout the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up journey is emphasized along with directions for future collaborative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simron Singh
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Emily K Bergsland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela L Kunz
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David T Laidley
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Discipline of Oncology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simone Leyden
- Unicorn Foundation, Blairgowrie, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Metz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Michael
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy E Modahl
- Auckland Radiology Group, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sukhmani K Padda
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Robert A Ramirez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Michael Soulen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Arthur Sung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alia Thawer
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Wei
- Department of Surgery, Birmingham Medical Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bin Xu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Segelov
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Lee Y, Koo H, Kim M, Lee J, Hwang S, Moon J, Park H, Sung A, Choi Y, Jun H, Nam E. Neuroregenerative evidences demonstrated by diverse MRI analysis in cerebral palsy children who showed significant clinical improvement following repeated G-CSF injection. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Nair V, Bik-Yu Hui A, Chabon J, Esfahani M, Stehr H, Nabet B, Benson J, Chaudhuri A, Zhou L, Ayers K, Bedi H, Ramsey M, Van Wert R, Sung A, Lui N, Backhus L, Berry M, Massion P, Shrager J, Alizadeh A, Diehn M. P2.05-01 Broad Genomic Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Karacosta L, Anchang B, Ignatiadis N, Kimmey S, Benson J, Shrager J, Sung A, Neal J, Wakelee H, Tibshirani R, Bendall S, Plevritis S. OA08.03 A Single-Cell Resolution Map of EMT and Drug Resistance States for Evaluating NSCLC Clinical Specimens. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Criner GJ, Sue R, Wright S, Dransfield M, Rivas-Perez H, Wiese T, Sciurba FC, Shah PL, Wahidi MM, de Oliveira HG, Morrissey B, Cardoso PFG, Hays S, Majid A, Pastis N, Kopas L, Vollenweider M, McFadden PM, Machuzak M, Hsia DW, Sung A, Jarad N, Kornaszewska M, Hazelrigg S, Krishna G, Armstrong B, Shargill NS, Slebos DJ. A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Zephyr Endobronchial Valve Treatment in Heterogeneous Emphysema (LIBERATE). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:1151-1164. [PMID: 29787288 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201803-0590oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE This is the first multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zephyr Endobronchial Valve (EBV) in patients with little to no collateral ventilation out to 12 months. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zephyr EBV in heterogeneous emphysema with little to no collateral ventilation in the treated lobe. METHODS Subjects were enrolled with a 2:1 randomization (EBV/standard of care [SoC]) at 24 sites. Primary outcome at 12 months was the ΔEBV-SoC of subjects with a post-bronchodilator FEV1 improvement from baseline of greater than or equal to 15%. Secondary endpoints included absolute changes in post-bronchodilator FEV1, 6-minute-walk distance, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 190 subjects (128 EBV and 62 SoC) were randomized. At 12 months, 47.7% EBV and 16.8% SoC subjects had a ΔFEV1 greater than or equal to 15% (P < 0.001). ΔEBV-SoC at 12 months was statistically and clinically significant: for FEV1, 0.106 L (P < 0.001); 6-minute-walk distance, +39.31 m (P = 0.002); and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, -7.05 points (P = 0.004). Significant ΔEBV-SoC were also observed in hyperinflation (residual volume, -522 ml; P < 0.001), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (-0.8 points; P < 0.001), and the BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index (-1.2 points). Pneumothorax was the most common serious adverse event in the treatment period (procedure to 45 d), in 34/128 (26.6%) of EBV subjects. Four deaths occurred in the EBV group during this phase, and one each in the EBV and SoC groups between 46 days and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Zephyr EBV provides clinically meaningful benefits in lung function, exercise tolerance, dyspnea, and quality of life out to at least 12 months, with an acceptable safety profile in patients with little or no collateral ventilation in the target lobe. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01796392).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Criner
- 1 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Sue
- 2 St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Shawn Wright
- 2 St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mark Dransfield
- 3 University of Alabama at Birmingham UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hiram Rivas-Perez
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Tanya Wiese
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Frank C Sciurba
- 5 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pallav L Shah
- 6 Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Momen M Wahidi
- 7 Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Brian Morrissey
- 9 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Paulo F G Cardoso
- 10 Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven Hays
- 11 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adnan Majid
- 12 Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Pastis
- 13 Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lisa Kopas
- 14 Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Consultants, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Vollenweider
- 15 Orlando Health Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Group, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida
| | - P Michael McFadden
- 16 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Machuzak
- 17 Center for Major Airway Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David W Hsia
- 18 Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Arthur Sung
- 19 Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California
| | - Nabil Jarad
- 20 University Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Kornaszewska
- 21 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hazelrigg
- 22 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Ganesh Krishna
- 23 Palo Alto Medical Foundation, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, California
| | | | | | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- 26 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Moding EJ, Liang R, Lartey FM, Maxim PG, Sung A, Diehn M, Loo BW, Gensheimer MF. Predictors of Respiratory Decline Following Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy to Multiple Lung Tumors. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:461-468.e2. [PMID: 31377143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is highly effective at controlling early stage primary lung cancer and lung metastases. Although previous studies have suggested that treating multiple lung tumors with SABR is safe, post-treatment changes in respiratory function have not been analyzed in detail. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with 2 or more primary lung cancers or lung metastases treated with SABR and analyzed clinical outcomes and predictors of toxicity. We defined a composite respiratory decline endpoint to include increased oxygen requirement, increased dyspnea scale, or death from respiratory failure not owing to disease progression. RESULTS A total of 86 patients treated with SABR to 203 lung tumors were analyzed. A total of 21.8% and 41.8% of patients developed composite respiratory decline at 2 and 4 years, respectively. When accounting for intrathoracic disease progression, 12.7% of patients developed composite respiratory decline at 2 years. Of the patients, 7.9% experienced grade 2 or greater radiation pneumonitis. No patient- or treatment-related factor predicted development of respiratory decline. The median overall survival was 46.9 months, and the median progression-free survival was 14.8 months. The cumulative incidence of local failure was 9.7% at 2 years. CONCLUSION Although our results confirm that SABR is an effective treatment modality for patients with multiple lung tumors, we observed a high rate of respiratory decline after treatment, which may be owing to a combination of treatment and disease effects. Future studies may help to determine ways to avoid pulmonary toxicity from SABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rachel Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Frederick M Lartey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Peter G Maxim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Arthur Sung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Billy W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | - Michael F Gensheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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9
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Shafiq M, Sung A. Linear Endobronchial Ultrasonography: Where Do General Pulmonary Fellows Stand? Chest 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Fan WC, Huang CC, Sung A, Hsieh JS. Laparoscopic total colectomy with transrectal specimen extraction and intraabdominal ileorectal anastomosis for slow-transit constipation (with video). J Visc Surg 2016; 153:309-10. [PMID: 27426682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W-C Fan
- Ta-Tung Municipal hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Huang
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pintung, Taiwan
| | - A Sung
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Surgery, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - J-S Hsieh
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Surgery, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The management of known malignant pleural effusions focuses around the initial thoracentesis and subsequent objective and subjective findings. A completely reexpanded lung after fluid removal and with symptomatic improvement predicts successful pleurodesis. Pleurodesis method depends on center expertise as well as patient preference. Medical thoracoscopy does not require the operating room setting and is performed on the spontaneously breathing patient with similar success rate to surgical thoracoscopy in the appropriately selected patients. However, it is not widely available. Talc insufflation is preferred for even distribution of sprayed particles to pleural surfaces. Most often, patients can be discharged home within 24 to 48 hours after continuous chest tube suction. Indwelling pleural catheter has become popular given the ease of insertion and patient centered home drainage. Coordinated care with good patient and family education and support is paramount to maximizing the beneficial potential of the catheter. Complications are minimal, and catheters are easily removed if patients can no longer benefit from drainage, or if pleurodesis has occurred. In the setting of trapped lung as a result of visceral pleura encasement from tumor, indwelling catheter can still be useful if the patient improves with thoracentesis. However, if no subjective improvement is seen after thoracentesis for trapped lung, then no procedure is recommended and other modes of palliation should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sweatt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,
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12
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Pinkham D, Shultz D, Loo B, Sung A, Diehn M, Fahimian B. TU-AB-201-06: Evaluation of Electromagnetically Guided High- Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Ablative Treatment of Lung Metastases. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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13
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Mohajer P, Annan E, Ahuja J, Sharif M, Sung A. Acute Respiratory Failure From Aspiration Pneumonitis: A Complication of Gastrografin Contrast Media. Chest 2012. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1390596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
Plain chest roentgenogram remains the most commonly ordered screening test for pulmonary disorders. Its lower sensitivity demands greater accuracy in interpretation. This greater accuracy can be achieved by adhering to an optimal and organized approach to interpretation. It is important for clinicians not to misread an abnormal chest radiograph (CXR) as normal. Clinicians can only acquire the confidence in making this determination if they read hundreds of normal CXRs. An individual should follow the same systematic approach to reading CXRs each time. All clinicians must make a concerted effort to read plain CXRs themselves first without reading the radiologist report and then discuss the findings with their radiology colleagues. Looking at the lateral CXR may shed light on 15% of the lung that is hidden from view on the posteroanterior film. Comparing prior films with the recent films is mandatory, when available, to confirm and/or extend differential diagnosis. This article outlines one of the many systematic approaches to interpreting CXRs and highlights the lesions that are commonly missed. A brief description of the limitations of CXR is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Raoof
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.
| | - David Feigin
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Arthur Sung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sabiha Raoof
- Department of Radiology, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, NY
| | - Lavanya Irugulpati
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Edward C Rosenow
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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15
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Moy E, Ahuja J, Mathew J, Kory P, Sung A, Walker P. Pleural Fluid Analysis in a Patient With Pleuro-Myopericarditis and Crohn's Disease. Chest 2011. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND New information is available on pleural diseases. The authors selected articles to make recommendations on diagnostic and treatment aspects of pleural diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven articles published in the English language between 2004 and 2007 were chosen. The basis of selection of the articles was the impact on daily practice, change in prior thinking of a disease process or specific treatment modality, as well as proper design and execution of the study. 5-Amino-laevulinic acid with fluorescent light combined with white light may allow further diagnostic yield in undiagnosed pleural disease. FDG-PET may allow prognostication of patients with pleural tumors. Utilizing ultrasound by trained Emergency Department physicians is a rapid and effective technique to evaluate non-traumatic pleural effusions in symptomatic patients. Serum osteopontin levels may distinguish patients exposed to asbestos with benign disease from those with pleural mesothelioma. Administration of streptokinase in patients with empyema does not need for surgical drainage, length of hospital stay, or mortality as compared to conventional treatment with chest tube drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Silver nitrate may be an alternative agent to talc for producing pleurodesis. Routine use of graded talc (50% particles greater than 25 microns) is recommended to reduce the morbidity associated with talc pleurodesis. Study design does not permit us to conclude that aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax is as effective as chest tube drainage. Pleural catheter may prove to be an important palliative modality in treating debilitated patients or patients with trapped lung who show symptomatic improvement with drainage; however, at the present time, these catheters cannot be considered a first line treatment option for patients with malignant pleural effusion. One of the studies reviewed showed no significant difference in tract metastasis in patients with malignant mesothelioma undergoing an invasive pleural procedure with or without irradiation to the procedure site. However, the design of the trial does not allow us to make this conclusion at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Bishay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA
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17
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Abstract
Bronchiolar disorders are generally difficult to diagnose because most patients present with nonspecific respiratory symptoms of variable duration and severity. A detailed clinical history may point toward a specific diagnosis. Pertinent clinical questions include history of smoking, collagen vascular disease, inhalational injury, medication usage, and organ transplant. It is important also to evaluate possible systemic and pulmonary signs of infection, evidence of air trapping, and high-pitched expiratory wheezing, which may suggest small airways involvement. In this context, pulmonary function tests and plain chest radiographs may demonstrate abnormalities; however, they rarely prove sufficiently specific to obviate bronchoscopic or surgical biopsy. Given these limitations, in our experience, high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning of the chest often proves to be the most important diagnostic tool to guide diagnosis in these difficult cases, because different subtypes of bronchiolar disorders may present with characteristic image findings. Three distinct HRCT patterns in particular are of value in assisting differential diagnosis. A tree-in-bud pattern of well-defined nodules is seen primarily as a result of infectious processes. Ill-defined centrilobular ground-glass nodules point toward respiratory bronchiolitis when localized in upper lobes in smokers or subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis when more diffuse. Finally, a pattern of mosaic attenuation, especially when seen on expiratory images, is consistent with air-trapping characteristic of bronchiolitis obliterans or constrictive bronchiolitis. Based on an appreciation of the critical role played by HRCT scanning, this article provides clinicians with a practical algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of bronchiolar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Devakonda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, 506 Sixth St, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA
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18
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Staal R, Kubek K, Sung A, Lin Q, DenBleyker M, Monaghan M, Martone R, Robichaud A, Haydar S, Pangalos M, Reinhart P, Hirst W. P2.080 Dimebon™ is neuroprotective in a model of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Toma A, Omary MB, Marquart LF, Arndt EA, Rosentrater KA, Burns-Whitmore B, Kessler L, Hwan K, Sandoval A, Sung A. Children's acceptance, nutritional, and instrumental evaluations of whole grain and soluble fiber enriched foods. J Food Sci 2009; 74:H139-46. [PMID: 19646047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 report recommends 3 or more daily ounce-equivalents of whole grains (WG), and the FDA suggests consumption of 25 g of total dietary fiber (TDF) and 6 g of soluble fiber (SF) for a 2000-calorie diet. Efforts to increase the consumption of WG and SF among elementary school-aged children are needed. The objectives of this study were to examine the consumption of WG- and SF-enriched burritos and cookies among elementary school-aged children and to perform a quality evaluation of all products. Children in grades K to 6 from a local elementary school consumed control (CTR) products made with refined flour along with the test products (TRT) over a 13-wk period. TRT burritos and cookies contained 51% and 100% WG, respectively. CTR and TRT products were served on 3 and 4 different Fridays, respectively. Children's consumption was determined via plate waste. Quality parameters such as texture, color, water activity, weight, and product dimensions were also measured. No significant differences in consumption between CTR and TRT burritos and cookies were found (36% and 90%, respectively). Texture (area) was higher for CTR burritos compared with TRT burritos (1.31 and 0.66 kg-s, respectively). CTR burritos were lighter than TRT burritos with L* values of 80.04 and 64.61, respectively. CTR cookies required a higher breaking force (3.14 compared with 0.58 kg), were lighter than TRT cookies (63.18 compared with 50.27), and had lower water activity (0.5 compared with 0.71).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Toma
- Human Nutrition and Food Science Dept., Pomona, CA 91768, USA
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Patel R, Patel V, Esan A, Lapidus C, Sung A. THE PREVALENCE OF TRACHEOBRONCHOMALACIA IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA OR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. Chest 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0012-3692(16)47837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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21
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Naik SK, Hallak N, Patel R, Esan A, Saleh A, Sung A, Raoof S. REVERSIBLE THYROTOXIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: PROMPT RESOLUTION OF HEART FAILURE IN THE SETTING OF THYROID STORM. Chest 2009. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.136.4_meetingabstracts.37s-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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22
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Scherer ML, Nalls MA, Pawlikowska L, Ziv E, Mitchell G, Huntsman S, Hu D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Lakatta EG, Hsueh WC, Newman AB, Tandon A, Kim L, Kwok PY, Sung A, Li R, Psaty B, Reiner AP, Harris T. Admixture mapping of ankle-arm index: identification of a candidate locus associated with peripheral arterial disease. J Med Genet 2009; 47:1-7. [PMID: 19586928 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.064808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and has a higher prevalence in African Americans than Caucasians. Ankle-arm index (AAI) is the ratio of systolic blood pressure in the leg to that in the arm, and, when low, is a marker of PAD. METHODS The authors used an admixture mapping approach to search for genetic loci associated with low AAI. Using data from 1040 African American participants in the observational, population based Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study who were genotyped at 1322 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are informative for African versus European ancestry and span the entire genome, we estimated genetic ancestry in each chromosomal region and then tested the association between AAI and genetic ancestry at each locus. RESULTS The authors found a region of chromosome 11 that reaches its peak between 80 and 82 Mb associated with low AAI (p<0.001 for rs12289502 and rs9665943, both within this region). 753 African American participants in the observational, population based Cardiovascular Health Study were genotyped at rs9665943 to test the reproducibility of this association, and this association was also statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) for homozygous African genotype 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 2.27). Another candidate SNP (rs1042602) in the same genomic region was tested in both populations, and was also found to be significantly associated with low AAI in both populations (OR for homozygous African genotype 1.89, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.76). CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel region of chromosome 11 representing an area with a potential candidate gene associated with PAD in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Scherer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892-9205, USA
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23
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Ernst A, Rafeq S, Boiselle P, Sung A, Reddy C, Michaud G, Majid A, Herth FJF, Trentham D. Relapsing polychondritis and airway involvement. Chest 2008; 135:1024-1030. [PMID: 19017885 DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and characteristics of airway involvement in relapsing polychondritis (RP). METHODS Retrospective chart review and data analysis of RP patients seen in the Rheumatology Clinic and the Complex Airway Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from January 2004 through February 2008. RESULTS RP was diagnosed in 145 patients. Thirty-one patients had airway involvement, a prevalence of 21%. Twenty-two patients were women (70%), and they were between 11 and 61 years of age (median age, 42 years) at the time of first symptoms. Airway symptoms were the first manifestation of disease in 17 patients (54%). Dyspnea was the most common symptom in 20 patients (64%), followed by cough, stridor, and hoarseness. Airway problems included the following: subglottic stenosis (n = 8; 26%); focal and diffuse malacia (n = 15; 48%); and focal stenosis in different areas of the bronchial tree in the rest of the patients. Twelve patients (40%) required and underwent intervention including balloon dilatation, stent placement, tracheotomy, or a combination of the above with good success. The majority of patients experienced improvement in airway symptoms after intervention. One patient died during the follow-up period from the progression of airway disease. The rest of the patients continue to undergo periodic evaluation and intervention. CONCLUSION In this largest cohort described in the English language literature, we found symptomatic airway involvement in RP to be common and at times severe. The nature of airway problems is diverse, with tracheomalacia being the most common. Airway intervention is frequently required and in experienced hands results in symptom improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ernst
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Phillip Boiselle
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Arthur Sung
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Chakravarthy Reddy
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Gaetane Michaud
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Adnan Majid
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - David Trentham
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Patel R, Abdelwahed A, Adoni S, Saleh A, Sung A, Kurugundla N, George L, Raoof S, Amchentsev A. DECREASING CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER-RELATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS: A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE. Chest 2007. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.132.4_meetingabstracts.492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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25
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Sung A, Naidich D, Belinskaya I, Raoof S. The role of chest radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007; 13:31-6. [PMID: 17133122 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e328011bfbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The management of asthma is guided by clinical symptoms, physiological measurements, and response to therapy. Recent advances in computed tomography imaging promise to add a new dimension to our diagnostic armamentarium. Accurate representation of airway pathology, visualized by high-resolution chest computed tomography scan, helps to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma. In addition, findings on computed tomography may help to guide therapies for asthma. As radiologists provide us with sophisticated modalities that may also have a bearing on treatment, clinicians should stay abreast of this evolving noninvasive technology. RECENT FINDINGS This review focuses on the findings seen on computed tomography imaging as related to asthma. Airway wall thickness is discussed and how it relates to disease progression and pulmonary function test. In addition, indirect findings such as bronchial dilatation and mosaic attenuation, both consequences of air-trapping, are discussed. Other investigational tools, such as endobronchial ultrasound and positron emission tomography, are described. SUMMARY New modalities in radiology hold promise to aid in the understanding and treatment of small-airway disease. Although still considered investigational modalities, research evidence is fast accumulating. It behooves the clinician to have a heightened awareness regarding further advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Sung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn 11215, USA.
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26
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Goldman YR, Ernst A, Ashiku S, Decamp M, Gangadharan S, Andwood R, Gorden J, Sung A, Feller-Kopman D. RAPID PLEURODESIS FOR PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS USING A COMBINATION OF THORACOSCOPIC TALC POUDRAGE AND AN INDWELLING TUNNELED CATHETER. Chest 2006. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.130.4_meetingabstracts.117s-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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27
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Hu H, Sung A, Zhao G, Shi L, Qiu D, Nishimura T, Kao PN. Simvastatin enhances bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 339:59-64. [PMID: 16297860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Statins confer therapeutic benefits in systemic and pulmonary vascular diseases. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors serve essential signaling functions in cardiovascular development and skeletal morphogenesis. Mutations in BMP receptor type II (BMPR2) are associated with human familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pathologic neointimal proliferation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells within small pulmonary arteries. In severe experimental pulmonary hypertension, simvastatin reversed disease and conferred a 100% survival advantage. Here, modulation of BMPR2 gene expression by simvastatin is characterized in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T, pulmonary artery smooth muscle, and lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). A 1.4kb BMPR2 promoter containing Egr-1 binding sites confers reporter gene activation in 293T cells which is partially inhibited by simvastatin. Simvastatin enhances steady-state BMPR2 mRNA and protein expression in HLMVEC, through posttranscriptional mRNA stabilization. Simvastatin induction of BMPR2 expression may improve BMP-BMPR2 signaling thereby enhancing endothelial differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5236, USA
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28
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Levin JI, Chen JM, Cheung K, Cole D, Crago C, Santos ED, Du X, Khafizova G, MacEwan G, Niu C, Salaski EJ, Zask A, Cummons T, Sung A, Xu J, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Jin G, Cowling R, Barone D, Mohler KM, Black RA, Skotnicki JS. Acetylenic TACE inhibitors. Part 1. SAR of the acyclic sulfonamide hydroxamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2799-803. [PMID: 12873518 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of a series of potent sulfonamide hydroxamate TACE inhibitors, all bearing a butynyloxy P1' group, was explored. In particular, compound 5j has excellent in vitro potency against isolated TACE enzyme and in cells, good selectivity over MMP-1 and MMP-9, and oral activity in an in vivo model of TNF-alpha production and a collagen-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth Research, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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29
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Zask A, Gu Y, Albright JD, Du X, Hogan M, Levin JI, Chen JM, Killar LM, Sung A, DiJoseph JF, Sharr MA, Roth CE, Skala S, Jin G, Cowling R, Mohler KM, Barone D, Black R, March C, Skotnicki JS. Synthesis and SAR of bicyclic heteroaryl hydroxamic acid MMP and TACE inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1487-90. [PMID: 12668018 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Potent and selective bicyclic heteroaryl hydroxamic acid MMP and TACE inhibitors were synthesized by a novel convergent route. Selectivity and efficacy versus MMPs and TACE could be controlled by appropriate substitution on the scaffolds and by variation of the P1' group. Select compounds were found to be effective in in vivo models of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zask
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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30
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Levin JI, Chen JM, Du MT, Nelson FC, Killar LM, Skala S, Sung A, Jin G, Cowling R, Barone D, March CJ, Mohler KM, Black RA, Skotnicki JS. Anthranilate sulfonamide hydroxamate TACE inhibitors. Part 2: SAR of the acetylenic P1' group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1199-202. [PMID: 11934588 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of a series of potent sulfonamide hydroxamate TACE inhibitors bearing novel acetylenic P1' groups was explored. In particular, compound 4t bearing a butynyloxy P1' moiety has excellent in vitro potency against isolated TACE enzyme and in cells, good selectivity over MMP-1 and oral activity in an in vivo model of TNF-alpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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31
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Levin JI, Chen JM, Du MT, Nelson FC, Wehr T, DiJoseph JF, Killar LM, Skala S, Sung A, Sharr MA, Roth CE, Jin G, Cowling R, Di L, Sherman M, Xu ZB, March CJ, Mohler KM, Black RA, Skotnicki JS. The discovery of anthranilic acid-based MMP inhibitors. Part 3: incorporation of basic amines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2975-8. [PMID: 11677139 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthranilic acid derivatives bearing basic amines were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE. Piperazine 4u has been identified as a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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32
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Levin JI, Chen J, Du M, Hogan M, Kincaid S, Nelson FC, Venkatesan AM, Wehr T, Zask A, DiJoseph J, Killar LM, Skala S, Sung A, Sharr M, Roth C, Jin G, Cowling R, Mohler KM, Black RA, March CJ, Skotnicki JS. The discovery of anthranilic acid-based MMP inhibitors. Part 2: SAR of the 5-position and P1(1) groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2189-92. [PMID: 11514167 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of anthranilic acid-based inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE was prepared and evaluated. Selective inhibitors of MMP-9, MMP-13, and TACE were identified, including the potent, orally active MMP-13 inhibitor 4p.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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33
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Levin JI, Gu Y, Nelson FC, Zask A, DiJoseph JF, Sharr MA, Sung A, Jin G, Cowling R, Chanda P, Cosmi S, Hsiao CL, Edris W, Wilhelm J, Killar LM, Skotnicki JS. Heteroaryl and cycloalkyl sulfonamide hydroxamic acid inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:239-42. [PMID: 11206468 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heteroaryl and cycloalkyl sulfonamide-hydroxamic acid MMP inhibitors were investigated. Of these, the pyridyl analogue 2 is the most potent and selective inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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Levin JI, Du MT, DiJoseph JF, Killar LM, Sung A, Walter T, Sharr MA, Roth CE, Moy FJ, Powers R, Jin G, Cowling R, Skotnicki JS. The discovery of anthranilic acid-based MMP inhibitors. Part 1: SAR of the 3-position. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:235-8. [PMID: 11206467 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of anthranilic acid-based inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 was prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The most potent compound, 6e, has in vivo activity in a rat sponge-wrapped cartilage model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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Abstract
The vascular endothelium is uniquely positioned between the blood and tissue compartments to receive directly the fluid forces generated by the blood flowing through the vasculature. These forces invoke specific responses within endothelial cells and serve to modulate their intrinsic structure and function. The mechanisms by which hemodynamic forces are detected and converted by endothelia into a sequence of biological and even pathological responses are presently unknown. By purifying and subfractionating the luminal endothelial cell plasma membrane from tissue, we show, for the first time, that not only does mechanotransduction occur at the endothelial cell surface directly exposed to vascular flow in vivo but also increased flow in situ induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of luminal endothelial cell surface proteins located primarily in the plasmalemmal invaginations called caveolae. Increased flow induces the translocation of signaling molecules primarily to caveolae, ultimately activating the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This signaling appears to require intact caveolae. Filipin-induced disassembly of caveolae inhibits both proximal signaling events at the cell surface and downstream activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. With the molecular machinery required for mediating rapid flow-induced responses as seen in endothelium, caveolae may be flow-sensing organelles converting mechanical stimuli into chemical signals transmitted into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rizzo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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36
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Levin JI, DiJoseph JF, Killar LM, Sung A, Walter T, Sharr MA, Roth CE, Skotnicki JS, Albright JD. The synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of diazepine MMP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2657-62. [PMID: 9873598 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
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37
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Bonnefoy-Bérard N, Liu YC, von Willebrand M, Sung A, Elly C, Mustelin T, Yoshida H, Ishizaka K, Altman A. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity by association with 14-3-3 proteins in T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:10142-6. [PMID: 7479742 PMCID: PMC40752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the 14-3-3 family can associate with, and/or modulate the activity of, several protooncogene and oncogene products and, thus, are implicated in regulation of signaling pathways. We report that 14-3-3 is associated with another important transducing enzyme, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). A recombinant 14-3-3 fusion protein bound several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from antigen receptor-stimulated T lymphocytes. PI3-K was identified by immunoblotting and enzymatic assays as one of the 14-3-3-binding proteins in resting or activated cells. Moreover, endogenous 14-3-3 and PI3-K were coimmunoprecipitated from intact T cells. Far-Western blots of gel-purified, immunoprecipitated PI3-K with a recombinant 14-3-3 fusion protein revealed direct binding of 14-3-3 to the catalytic subunit (p110) of PI3-K. Finally, anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates from activated, 14-3-3-overexpressing cells contained lower PI3-K enzymatic activity than similar immunoprecipitates from control cells. These findings suggest that association of 14-3-3 with PI3-K in hematopoietic (and possibly other) cells regulates the enzymatic activity of PI3-K during receptor-initiated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bonnefoy-Bérard
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Glaser KB, Carlson RP, Sung A, Bauer J, Lock YW, Holloway D, Sturm R, Hartman D, Walter T, Woeppel S. Pharmacological characterization of WAY-121,520: a potent anti-inflammatory indomethacin-based inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)/phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Agents Actions 1993; 39 Spec No:C30-2. [PMID: 8273577 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
WAY-121,520 inhibited human synovial fluid PLA2 (HSF-PLA2) (IC50 = 4 microM) using arachidonic acid-labeled E. coli as substrate. Further biochemical characterization of WAY-121,520 demonstrated potent inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity in the murine macrophage (LTC4, IC50 = 4 nM) and rat PMN (LTB4, IC50 = 10 nM) and an ability to antagonize LTD4 binding to isolated guinea-pig trachea (pKB = 6.0). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was noted in murine TPA-induced (ED50 = 91 micrograms/ear) and arachidonic acid-induced (66% inhibition at 400 micrograms/ear) ear edema and in leukotriene-dependent antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig (73% inhibition at 50 mg/kg, p.o.). WAY-121,520 represents a novel series of indomethacin-based inhibitors of PLA2 with anti-inflammatory activity resulting from a combination of biochemical activities (inhibition of 5-LO and PLA2 and LTD4 antagonism). This agent may provide added therapeutic efficacy over more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Glaser
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ 08543
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Glaser KB, Sung A, Bauer J, Weichman BM. Regulation of eicosanoid biosynthesis in the macrophage. Involvement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and modulation by selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 45:711-21. [PMID: 8442770 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90147-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein has been demonstrated to inhibit platelet-activating factor-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed P388D1 macrophage-like cells (Glaser et al., J Biol Chem 265: 8658-8664, 1990). Therefore, the role of PTK in eicosanoid biosynthesis was investigated in murine resident peritoneal macrophages using genistein and tyrphostin-25, selective PTK inhibitors. Genistein, a competitive inhibitor of ATP binding on PTK, inhibited PGE2 production (IC50 = 20 microM) in response to zymosan, calcium ionophore A23187, and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Genistein also inhibited leukotriene C4 (LTC4) production in response to zymosan and calcium ionophore A23187 (IC50 = 10 and 15 microM, respectively) stimulation. Tyrphostin-25, a competitive inhibitor of substrate binding on PTK, inhibited zymosan-stimulated PGE2 and LTC4 production, IC50 = 20 and 7 microM, respectively. Neither genistein nor tyrophostin-25 had any effect on human synovial fluid phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in vitro or on cyclooxygenase activity in the intact macrophage; however, tyrphostin-25 did affect 5-lipoxygenase activity (determined from the metabolism of exogenously applied arachidonic acid). These results suggest PTK-mediated phosphorylation as a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of different stimuli which activate PLA2 for arachidonic acid release and subsequent eicosanoid biosynthesis. Immunoblot analyses of zymosan-stimulated peritoneal exudate cells with the phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody clone 4G10 demonstrated an increase in protein phosphotyrosine levels in eight major protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: p59, 71, 76, 90, 100, 112, 125 and 150. Maximal phosphorylation of these protein substrates occurred after 1-2 min stimulation. Zymosan and LPS stimulation of peritoneal exudate cells produced similar patterns of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Zymosan-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by tyrphostin-25 in a concentration-dependent manner between 10 and 60 microM, demonstrating a similar concentration response between effects on tyrosine phosphorylation and eicosanoid biosynthesis in the murine peritoneal macrophage. The use of selective PTK inhibitors suggests a common role for PTK and tyrosine phosphorylation in eicosanoid biosynthesis in the murine peritoneal macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Glaser
- Division of Immunopharmacology, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ 08543-8000
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Schnitzer JE, Sung A, Horvat R, Bravo J. Preferential interaction of albumin-binding proteins, gp30 and gp18, with conformationally modified albumins. Presence in many cells and tissues with a possible role in catabolism. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:24544-53. [PMID: 1447200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin binding to the endothelial surface apparently initiates its transcytosis via plasmalemmal vesicles and also increases capillary permselectivity. Several albumin-binding proteins, which, we call gp60, gp30, and gp18, have been identified; however, their functional relationship to each other is unclear. In this study, we show that gp30 and gp18 are both variably expressed by cultured rat fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells and are present in all tissues examined (heart, lung, skeletal muscle, diaphragm, duodenum, kidney, fat, brain, adrenal, pancreas, and liver). The binding of albumin-gold complexes (A-Au) to gp30 and gp18 was compared with that of native and modified albumins. Monomeric native bovine serum albumin (BSA) interacted much less avidly than A-Au and BSA that was chemically modified by formaldehyde (Fm-BSA) or maleic anhydride (Mal-BSA). Mal-BSA and A-Au have similar affinity constants for gp30 and gp18 (KD approximately 3-7 micrograms/ml (50-100 nM)), which is 1000-fold greater than BSA. These interactions were Ca(2+)-independent but sensitive to pH (< 6.0) and high salt concentrations (> or = 1.0 M). Comparative biochemical characterization provided evidence of conformational changes for Mal-BSA, Fm-BSA, and A-Au. Anti-native BSA serum recognizes BSA much more avidly than modified BSA. Mal-BSA, Fm-BSA, and A-Au are much more sensitive to trypsin digestion than BSA. Cellular processing was also examined. A-Au and Mal-BSA bound at the endothelial cell surface were degraded, whereas BSA was not. Our results indicate that: (i) gp30 and gp18, unlike gp60, are expressed in all tissues tested regardless of the type of endothelia lining the microvasculature and the local mechanism of transendothelial albumin transport; (ii) BSA conformationally modified by either surface adsorption or chemical means not only interacts more avidly with gp30 and gp18 than native albumin but also is preferentially degraded by the cells; (iii) A-Au and native albumin are not equivalent probes for detecting albumin interaction sites; and (iv) gp30 and gp18 exhibit binding behavior resembling scavenger receptors. The possible roles of gp30 and gp18 in albumin binding, transcytosis, endocytosis, and even protein catabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Schnitzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0651
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Schnitzer J, Sung A, Horvat R, Bravo J. Preferential interaction of albumin-binding proteins, gp30 and gp18, with conformationally modified albumins. Presence in many cells and tissues with a possible role in catabolism. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
The marine natural product, manoalide (MLD), was investigated to determine if this drug inhibited purified human synovial fluid phospholipase A2 (HSF-PLA2). Utilizing classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, apparent Km and Vmax values for HSF-PLA2 of 1.34 mM and 0.47 mumol [3H]palmitic acid released/min/mg protein were obtained using dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as the substrate, and 38.0 microM and 18.8 mumol [3H]arachidonic acid released/min/mg protein with Escherichia coli as a natural substrate. These kinetic parameters were utilized subsequently to evaluate the inhibitory effects of manoalide on HSF-PLA2. Inhibition of HSF-PLA2 by MLD was concentration and time dependent with IC50 values of 0.2 and 0.02 microM for DPPC and E. coli respectively. Dialysis studies and examination of DPPC or E. coli hydrolysis versus enzyme concentration indicate that MLD is an irreversible inhibitor of HSF-PLA2. Substrate specificity was also examined in the absence and presence of MLD using dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) as a substrate. MLD inhibited the hydrolysis of DPPE (greater than 90% inhibition at 2 microM), and preliminary results indicate that DPPC was more readily hydrolyzed than DPPE under the substrate conditions of the assay. While the cellular source of secreted HSF-PLA2 is unknown, these studies indicate that MLD can inactivate secreted phospholipase A2 isolated from patients with inflammatory joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Jacobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106
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Calhoun W, Yu J, Sung A, Chau TT, Marshall LA, Weichman BM, Carlson RP. Pharmacologic modulation of D-49 phospholipase A2-induced paw edema in the mouse. Agents Actions 1989; 27:418-21. [PMID: 2801333 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Paw edema was produced in CD-1 mice by the injection of 0.3 micrograms of snake venom PLA2 (A.p. piscivorus D-49) into the hind paw. Edema peaked at 10 min, remained elevated until 60 min, and then declined slowly. The PLA2 inhibitors, luffariellolide and aristolochic acid, reduced the edema but only when coinjected with the PLA2. The histamine/serotonin antagonists were the most effective drug class against PLA2-induced paw edema. The PAF antagonists, CV-6202 (iv) and kadsurenone (coinjected) reduced the PLA2-induced edema, whereas high doses of the corticosteroids, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, were also effective. NSAIDs only partially inhibited the paw edema. The LO/CO inhibitors yielded varying activities, with only BW755C and NDGA inhibiting the edema. These results suggest that PLA2 induces paw edema in the mouse via the action of several classes of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Calhoun
- Division of Immunopharmacology, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ 08543-8000
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