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Jadhav PA, Thomas AB, Nanda RK, Chitlange SS. Unveiling the role of gut dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1324-1333. [PMID: 37823422 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial complicated condition, reflected by the accumulation of extra fat in the liver. A detailed study of literature throws light on the fascinating connection between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. The term 'gut dysbiosis' describes an imbalance in the harmony and operation of the gut microflora, which can upshoot a number of metabolic disorders. To recognize the underlying mechanisms and determine treatment options, it is essential to comprehend the connection between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. This in-depth review discusses the normal gut microflora composition and its role in health, alterations in the gut microflora composition that leads to disease state focusing on NAFLD. The potential mechanisms influencing the advent and aggravation of NAFLD suggested disturbance of microbial metabolites, changes in gut barrier integrity, and imbalances in the composition of the gut microflora. Furthermore, it was discovered that gut dysbiosis affected immune responses, liver inflammation, and metabolic pathways, aggravating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali A Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Thikekar AK, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS, Bhalchim V. Effect of herbal formulation on glimepiride pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100633. [PMID: 36174302 PMCID: PMC9519623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional medicinal herbs are widely consumed in developing countries to treat diabetes as they are perceived to be safer, less expensive, and have fewer side effects as compared to the conventional medicines. Diabecon (DB), Himalaya Herbal Healthcare, India is herbal over-the-counter formulation which contains several herbs that are reported in the traditional texts for the treatment of diabetes. The majority of these herbs have been investigated and found to interfere with the cytochrome pathway. The most common oral antihyperglycemic drug used today in clinical practice is Glimepiride (GP).The CYP2C9 enzyme is mainly responsible for the metabolism of GP. Herein we hypothesize that the co-administration of GP with DB may result in possible Herb-Drug Interactions (HDIs) as DB has the potential to significantly inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme. OBJECTIVE In the current study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of GP (0.82 mg/kg) with DB (110.95 mg/kg) was investigated in diabetes induced (Nicotinamide-STZ) rats by co-administering both drugs orally for 21 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the study of the HDI, Bioanalytical RP-HPLC/PDA method for quantifying GP in plasma of rats was developed and validated as per US-FDA guidelines. In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were studied on day 1 and day 21 post administration. RESULTS The RP-HPLC/PDA method was successfully employed for quantification of GP in the PK studies. The co-administration of GP and DB in diabetic rats resulted in beneficial pharmacodynamic interactions, but there were no notable changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of GP. CONCLUSION This current investigation in an animal model suggests that co-administration of GP and DB may have significant therapeutic benefits in the treatment of diabetes; however, additional research, randomized clinical trials or case studies in humans, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana K Thikekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha B Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sohan S Chitlange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vrushali Bhalchim
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Miniyar PB, Chavan PD, Patil SP, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS. High-performance thin-layer chromatography-based method development for the analysis of 4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline as potential genotoxic impurity. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thomas AB, Choudhary DC, Raje A, Nagrik SS. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Herb-Drug Interaction of Piperine with Atorvastatin in Rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:371-380. [PMID: 33434916 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Herbals that are widely consumed as therapeutic alternatives to conventional drugs for cardiovascular diseases, may lead to herb-drug interactions (HDIs). Atorvastatin (ATR) is drug of choice for hyperlipidemia and is extensively metabolized through CYP3A4 enzyme. Thus, we postulate that concomitant administration of ATR with piperine (PIP, potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzyme)/ridayarishta (RID, cardiotonic herbal formulations containing PIP) may lead to potential HDI. A simple, accurate, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection method using Kromasil-100 C18 column, mobile phase acetonitrile: 30 mM phosphate buffer (55:45 v/v) pH 4.5 with flow rate gradient programming was developed to study the potential HDI in rats. Method was found to be linear (2-100 ng/mL) with Lower Limit of Detection (LLOD) 2 ng/mL. The precision (%CV < 15%), accuracy (-1.0 to -10% R.E) with recoveries above 90% from rat plasma of ATR and IS were obtained. The pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions studies on co-administration of ATR (8.4 mg/kg, p.o.) with PIP (35 mg/kg, p.o.), demonstrated a threefold increase in Cmax of ATR (P < 0.01) with significant increase in AUC0-t/AUC0-∞ compared to ATR alone indicating potential PK-HDI. However co-administration of RID (4.2 mL/kg, p.o.) showed less significant changes (P > 0.05) indicating low HDI. The pharmacodynamic effects/interactions study (TritonX-100 induced hyperlipidemic model in rats) suggested no significant alterations in the lipid profile on co-administration of PIP/RID with ATR, indicating that there may be no significant pharmacodynamic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha B Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pune, India
| | - Durga C Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pune, India
| | - Amol Raje
- Clinical Candidate Optimization Department, Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Hingwadi, Pune, India
| | - Shatrughna S Nagrik
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Thikekar AK, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS. Herb-drug interactions in diabetes mellitus: A review based on pre-clinical and clinical data. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4763-4781. [PMID: 33908677 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Global diabetes epidemic is the major cause of fatality and lethality. As per IDF 2019 report, diabetes caused 4.2 million deaths, approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes and by 2045, this will rise to 700 million. Nowadays, the physicians and common people in both developed and developing countries are using medicinal plants and their formulations to treat diseases with the postulation that organic commodities are safe for consumption. These plants may act as inhibitors or inducers of the Cytochrome P450 or transport and efflux proteins or both and may alter gastrointestinal, renal functions leading to Herb-Drug Interactions. This review intends to focus on the frequently employed medicinal plants, their traditional uses, their Cytochrome P450 inhibition or induction activity, phytochemical, and pharmacological effects, established HDI with the help of in vitro tools, in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies to understand the impact of herbs on ADME of the drug and whether it is beneficial, harmful or has no effect respectively. This review will help the physicians and other health care professionals as a reference guide to update their knowledge and expertise about HDI. However, more quality research in this area is needed to evaluate the efficacy of many herbal medicines, thereby reducing side effects and improving the safety of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana K Thikekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha B Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sohan S Chitlange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Kothawade PB, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS. Novel Niacin Receptor Agonists: A Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:2481-2496. [PMID: 33550969 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210125144921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high level of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood. Various classes of drugs like statins, fibrates, niacin etc. are used for treatment of hyperlipidaemia. OBJECTIVE Niacin, which is one of the beneficial anti-hyperlipidemic agents, helps to lower LDL cholesterol by 20 to 40% and causes increase of HDL cholesterol by 20 to 35%. However cutaneous flushing, loss of glucose tolerance, liver toxicity are the reported side effects of niacin therapy responsible for decreased patient compliance. Very recently, the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR); GPR109A located on the adipocytes has been identified as the receptor for activation of niacin. METHOD In-vitro studies have demonstrated that GPR109A receptor having high affinity for niacin. The present review attempts to provide a systematic presentation of the various chemical classes of compounds that have been reported as novel niacin receptor agonists including pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids, urea derivatives, anthranilic acids, biaryl anthranilides, tetrahydro anthranilic acid, xanthines, barbituric acid, bicyclic pyrazole carboxylic acids, pyrido pyrimidinones, pyrazolyl propionyl cyclohexenamides, pyrazole acids etc. Results: As the design of GPR109A receptor agonists offers a promising solution for treatment of dyslipidemia, this review will be beneficial for medicinal and drug discovery chemists to expediate the process of discovery of new class of antihyperlipidemic agent with favorable lipid lowering profile with increase in HDL levels. CONCLUSION This review explains about novel GPR109A receptor agonist for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta B Kothawade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra. India
| | - Asha B Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra. India
| | - Sohan S Chitlange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra. India
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More GS, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS, Nanda RK, Gajbhiye RL. Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1080-1102. [PMID: 30834842 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190305141458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents. METHODS An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated. RESULTS This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market. CONCLUSION Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghansham S More
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Asha B Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sohan S Chitlange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Rabindra K Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Rahul L Gajbhiye
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Shaikh AS, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS. Herb–drug interaction studies of herbs used in treatment of cardiovascular disorders—A narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1008-1026. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaftab S. Shaikh
- Pharmaceutical Quality AssuranceDr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Asha B. Thomas
- Pharmaceutical Quality AssuranceDr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Sohan S. Chitlange
- Pharmaceutical Quality AssuranceDr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune Maharashtra India
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Miniyar PB, Kulkarni RD, Thomas AB, Chitlange SS. Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Identification of 2-Nitrophenyl (phenyl)sulfane as Potential Genotoxic Impurity of Quetiapine Fumarate at Trace Levels by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj B. Miniyar
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India); and
| | - Resham D. Kulkarni
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India); and
| | - Asha B. Thomas
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune 411018, India (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India)
| | - Sohan S. Chitlange
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune 411018, India (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India)
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Miniyar PB, Thomas AB, Kulkarni RD, Kadam SA, Chouhan PP, Chitlange SS. Development of an Analytical Method for Identification of the Genotoxic Impurity of Quetiapine Fumarate by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj B. Miniyar
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune - 411041 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), India; and
| | - Asha B. Thomas
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune - 411018 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), India
| | - Resham D. Kulkarni
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune - 411041 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), India; and
| | - Supriya A. Kadam
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune - 411041 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), India; and
| | - Parminder P. Chouhan
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune - 411041 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), India; and
| | - Sohan S. Chitlange
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune - 411018 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), India
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Thomas AB, Kadam AS, Jiwane RM, Nanda RK, Kothapalli LP. Biodegradable macromolecule based topical gels containing natural oils in the management of burn wounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15761/pddt.1000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Banerjee AG, Kothapalli LP, Sharma PA, Thomas AB, Nanda RK, Shrivastava SK, Khatanglekar VV. A facile microwave assisted one pot synthesis of novel xanthene derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Cavanagh Y, Shah N, Thomas AB, Gupta A. Multiple Intussusceptions Associated with Polycythemia in an Anabolic Steroid Abuser, A Case Report and Literature Review. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:368-72. [PMID: 26500796 PMCID: PMC4594352 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.165259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intussusceptions are generally associated with mechanical lead points or localized inflammation that function as foci for intestinal telescoping. We present the case of a patient whose abuse of anabolic steroids resulted in the development of multiple simultaneous intussusceptions. Our patient had no additional identifiable risk factors for intussusception. Consistent with previous reports, corticosteroid induced polycythemia and its consequent hyperviscosity led to intravascular sludging and mesenteric ischemia with associated bowel wall thickening. The localized intestinal induration then served as mechanical foci for intussusception. Due to the illicit nature of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse, the physiologic effects of supraphysiologic doses are sparsely reported and poorly understood. The scope of AAS abuse and its consequences are likely under-reported and under-recognized within the medical community. Our case presented a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with which we aim to increasing awareness and clinical suspicion for AAS among healthcare personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cavanagh
- Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - N Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA ; Department of Gastroenterology, Seton Hall University, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - A B Thomas
- Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
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Abstract
The term psychosis was first introduced in the mid-19th century for the separation of psychiatric disorders from neurological disorders within the neuroses. The concept of psychosis has become gradually restricted from a generic term for psychiatric disorders to one of the major classes of mental illness, which was assumed to be the result of a disease process, and, more recently, to a symptom present in many psychiatric disorders. In the course of this development, the díagnostic criteria for psychosis shifted from the severity of the clinical manifestations and the degree of impairment in social functioning to the presence of one or more symptoms in a set of psychopathological symptoms, which include hallucinations, formal thought disorder manifest in disorganized or odd speech, delusions, flat/inappropriate affect, avolition/apathy disorganized behavior, catatonic motor behavior, and depersonalization/derealization. The changes in the conceptualization of psychosis and in the diagnostic criteria for psychosis are documented in the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Assocíation (from DSM-I to DSM-IV] and the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization (from ICD-9 to ICD-10].
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Thomas
- Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thomas AB, Nanda RK, Kothapalli LP, Deshpande AD. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of N-[2-(aryl/substituted aryl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]pyridine-4-carboxamide. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.6.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thomas AB, Chavan UB, Nanda RK, Kothapalli LP, Deshpande AD, Jagdale SN, Dighe SB. Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide, Atenolol and Losartan potassium in tablet dosage form. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 2009; 51:33-38. [PMID: 21268558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two simple, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide (Hctz), Atenolol (Atn) and Losartan potassium (Los) in combined tablet dosage forms. The first method involves determination using the simultaneous equation method, the sampling wavelengths selected are, 272.5 nm, 224 nm and 250 nm over the concentration ranges of 0.5-30 microg/ml, 1-50 microg/ ml and 1-60 microg/ml for Hctz, Atn and Los respectively. The second method is the First order derivative method, the sampling wavelengths selected for estimation of Hctz, Atn and Los are 280.5 nm, 233 nm and 244 nm with linearity in the concentration ranges of 0.5-30 microg/ ml, 1-50 microg/ml and 1-60 microg/ml respectively. The results of the analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha B Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri-Pune-411 011.
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Nanda RK, Pangarkar VB, Thomas AB, Kothapalli LP, Pawar AA. Simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride in tablets by spectrophotometry. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 2007; 49-50:29-33. [PMID: 19957541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride from tablet dosage form. In the first method, the first derivative spectrum was determined. Montelukast sodium showed zero crossing point at 209.5 nm and Bambuterol hydrochloride showed zero crossing point at 238.5 nm. The dA/dlambda was measured at 209.5 nm for Bambuterol hydrochloride and 238.5 nm for Montelukast sodium and calibration curves were plotted as dA/dlambda versus concentration respectively. Quantitative determination of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride in tablets was carried out using calibration curve by interpolation method. In the second method, Multicomponent mode of analysis was used and the measurement of absorbances at two wavelengths, 283.6 nm (lambda-max of MKST) and 211.8 nm (working wavelength selected for BHC) in 95% methanol, was carried out. These methods were validated statistically as per ICH guidelines. The recovery studies confirm the accuracy of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Pimpri, Pune - 18.
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Wheless JW, Willmore LJ, Breier JI, Kataki M, Smith JR, King DW, Meador KJ, Park YD, Loring DW, Clifton GL, Baumgartner J, Thomas AB, Constantinou JE, Papanicolaou AC. A comparison of magnetoencephalography, MRI, and V-EEG in patients evaluated for epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 1999; 40:931-41. [PMID: 10403217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and relative contribution of several diagnostic methods [ictal and interictal scalp and intracranial EEG, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG)] in identifying the epileptogenic zone for resection. METHODS This was a prospective study using a masked comparison-to-criterion standard. Fifty-eight consecutive patients with refractory partial epilepsy from two university comprehensive epilepsy programs were studied. Patients who were evaluated for and underwent epilepsy surgery were recruited. The main outcome measure was the efficacy of each diagnostic method to identify the resected epileptogenic zone, when referenced to surgical outcome. RESULTS MEG (52%) was second only to ictal intracranial V-EEG in predicting the epileptogenic zone for the entire group of patients who had an excellent surgical outcome (seizure free or rare seizure). In a subanalysis, for patients who had temporal lobe surgery, this same relation was seen (MEG, 57%, ictal intracranial V-EEG, 62%). With extratemporal resection, ictal (81%) and interictal (75%) intracranial EEG were superior to MEG (44%) in predicting the surgery site in those patients with an excellent outcome. Finally, for all patients who had a good surgical outcome, MEG (52%) was better than ictal (33%) or interictal (45%) scalp VEEG in predicting the site of surgery. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that MEG is a very promising diagnostic method and raise the possibility that it may obviate the need for invasive EEG in some cases or reduce the length of scalp EEG evaluation in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wheless
- University of Texas-Houston, Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, 77030, USA
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Breier JI, Fuchs KL, Brookshire BL, Wheless J, Thomas AB, Constantinou J, Willmore LJ. Quality of life perception in patients with intractable epilepsy or pseudoseizures. Arch Neurol 1998; 55:660-5. [PMID: 9605722 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.55.5.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To contrast and compare self-reported quality of life in patients with intractable epilepsy and pseudoseizures and to examine the relationship between self-reports and objective measures of cognitive functioning in both of these groups. DESIGN Case series using profile analysis and analysis of covariance. SETTING University epilepsy surgery program. PARTICIPANTS Forty-three patients with intractable complex partial seizures of unilateral temporal lobe origin and 25 patients with pseudoseizures. MEASURES Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-89; neuropsychological tests assessing verbal memory, nonverbal memory, naming, and attention; and the Depression Scale (2) of the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). RESULTS Patients with pseudoseizures described themselves as more limited in the physical health domain than patients with complex partial seizures. Self-perceptions of cognitive functioning were similar between groups, despite the superior performance of patients with pseudoseizures on objective measures. Self-perception of cognitive dysfunction was related to mood disorder in the pseudoseizure group only, and there were no relationships between subjective and objective measurements of cognitive status within this group independent of mood disorder. For the complex partial seizures group, relationships between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function were dependent on the side of seizure onset. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with hypotheses that suggest that patients with pseudoseizures focus on physical rather than psychological explanations for stress, and that this focus is related, at least in a subgroup of patients, to mood disorder. Results also provide support for the validity of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-89 in populations with intractable seizure disorder, although there is evidence for a possible floor effect on some of the subscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Breier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA.
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20
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Breier JI, Thomas AB, Plenger PM, Wheless JW, Brookshire BL, Papanicolaou A, Willmore LJ. Asymmetries in the effect of side of seizure onset on recognition memory following intracarotid amobarbital injection. Epilepsia 1997; 38:1209-15. [PMID: 9579922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess interhemispheric differences in recognition memory for objects during the intracarotid amobarbital sodium procedure (IAP). METHODS The recognition memory for real objects of patients with either right (RTLE; n = 28) or left (LTLE; n = 22) temporal lobe epilepsy was assessed at baseline, and after left and right intracarotid amobarbital sodium injection. RESULTS There were no differences between groups on baseline performance. Performance following injection ipsilateral to the side of seizure focus was relatively lower for the LTLE as compared with the RTLE group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. However, performance following injection contralateral to the side of seizure focus was significantly lower for the RTLE as compared with the LTLE group. Within-group differences in performance after ipsilateral as compared with contralateral injection were significant for the RTLE but not the LTLE group. The difference in interhemispheric asymmetry in IAP memory performance between RTLE and LTLE groups was reflected in decreased ability to classify LTLE patients as compared with RTLE patients about side of seizure onset, using a clinically applicable decision rule. CONCLUSIONS Recognition memory during the IAP for real objects, simultaneously named and presented visually during encoding, is mediated effectively by both the left and right hemisphere when there is no seizure focus present. However, memory appears to be more vulnerable to the presence of a seizure focus in the right as compared with the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Breier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
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21
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Abstract
To identify factors influencing outcome and morbidity in patients selected for corpus callosotomy, we retrospectively reviewed 23 patients with intractable generalized seizures who underwent corpus callosotomy between 1991 and 1994. Three patients had a complete corpus callosotomy, while 20 had an anterior callosotomy. Three of those patients subsequently had completion of the anterior callosotomy. Overall, 41% of patients were nearly or completely free of the seizure types targeted for surgical treatment, while another 45% had seizures less than half as frequently. Four patients developed simple partial motor seizures after callosotomy. A transient disconnection syndrome was observed in 57% of patients. The best predictor of good outcome was a normal preoperative MRI. Mentally retarded patients had poorer outcomes. Outcome was not predicted by extent of callosal section or lateralization on neurological examination, EEG, MRI, and SPECT. Completion of anterior callosotomy resulted in significant reductions in seizure frequency. Though most patients do not become seizure-free after corpus callosotomy, worthwhile palliation of an otherwise intractable illness can be achieved. An analysis of prognostic factors should lead to better selection of patients for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sorenson
- Department of Neurology, Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Texas, Houston 77225-0708, USA
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22
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Breier JI, Mullani NA, Thomas AB, Wheless JW, Plenger PM, Gould KL, Papanicolaou A, Willmore LJ. Effects of duration of epilepsy on the uncoupling of metabolism and blood flow in complex partial seizures. Neurology 1997; 48:1047-53. [PMID: 9109898 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.48.4.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We derived interhemispheric asymmetry indices (AIs) in interictal glucose uptake and blood flow in the temporal lobes of patients with intractable complex partial seizures from 18F and 15O positron emission tomograms. All patients subsequently underwent either left (n = 16) and right (n = 18) temporal lobectomy. We determined the effects on AIs of clinical seizure variables, including duration of seizure disorder, age at seizure onset, frequency of complex partial seizures, history of secondary generalization, history of febrile seizures, and magnetic resonance imaging evidence for mesial temporal sclerosis. Duration of seizure disorder produced the only significant effects. Degree of interhemispheric asymmetry in both glucose uptake and blood flow increased with duration of seizure disorder. However, the rate of increase in asymmetry was significantly greater for glucose uptake than for blood flow. These results indicate that uncoupling of metabolism and blood flow is a progressive process that results from the differential response of glucose metabolism and blood flow to chronic seizure activity. The results also suggest that duration of seizure disorder may be an important variable to consider in the interpretation of PET studies for evaluation of seizure surgery candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Breier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA
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23
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Breier JI, Brookshire BL, Fletcher JM, Thomas AB, Plenger PM, Wheless JW, Willmore LJ, Papanicolaou A. Identification of side of seizure onset in temporal lobe epilepsy using memory tests in the context of reading deficits. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1997; 19:161-71. [PMID: 9240476 DOI: 10.1080/01688639708403847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were classified into reading deficient (RD; n = 21) and non-reading deficient (non-RD; n = 39) groups. Selective deficits in verbal or nonverbal memory, consistent with side of seizure onset, were evident in the non-RD patients. Both verbal and nonverbal memory performance were reduced equivalently in individuals with RD, regardless of side of seizure onset. As a result, memory tests that were accurate in identifying side of seizure onset in the non-RD group were not as accurate in the RD group. When individual cases were classified using a clinically applicable decision rule, significantly more RD patients were either unclassifiable or incorrectly classified than were non-RD patients. Findings suggest that preoperative memory data obtained from individuals with epilepsy and evidence of RD may not be as valid an indicator of side of seizure onset as are those obtained from patients without RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Breier
- Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
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24
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Breier JI, Plenger PM, Castillo R, Fuchs K, Wheless JW, Thomas AB, Brookshire BL, Willmore LJ, Papanicolaou A. Effects of temporal lobe epilepsy on spatial and figural aspects of memory for a complex geometric figure. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1996; 2:535-40. [PMID: 9375157 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617700001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The preoperative delayed memory performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (Lezak, 1983) of 54 patients with complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin was analyzed using 3 different indices. One index (composite) was derived using a common scoring method that included both spatial and figural aspects of memory in its score. The other two indices were derived emphasizing either spatial or figural aspects of memory for the elements of the figure separately. All 3 indices distinguished between individuals with right-sided (RTLE) and left-sided (LTLE) seizure onset. However, spatial memory was significantly lower than figural memory in individuals with RTLE as compared to those with LTLE. Both the spatial and figural memory indices were significantly lower in the presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence for hippocampal sclerosis in individuals with RTLE. Results suggest that while both the spatial and figural aspects of nonverbal memory are sensitive to right hippocampal dysfunction, figural memory may be less vulnerable to the effects of RTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Breier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Thomas AB, Hashimoto H, Baylink DJ, Lau KH. Fluoride at mitogenic concentrations increases the steady state phosphotyrosyl phosphorylation level of cellular proteins in human bone cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:2570-8. [PMID: 8675580 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.7.8675580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that treatment of human bone cells with mitogenic concentrations of fluoride would lead to an increase in the steady state level of tyrosyl phosphorylation of specific cellular proteins. With an immunoblot assay method, it was found that mitogenic concentrations of fluoride (i.e. 50-200 mumol/L) induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in the level of tyrosyl phosphorylation of at least 13 cellular proteins in both normal human bone cells and human TE85 osteosarcoma cells. Time-course studies revealed that a statistically significant increase in tyrosyl phosphorylation of these 13 cellular proteins in human bone cells was observed after 3-6 h of fluoride treatment and was sustained for up to 24 h. This time course was not compatible with a direct activation of tyrosyl kinases, as epidermal growth factor, which activates tyrosyl kinase activity, induced an immediate and acute response that was rapidly reversible within 1 h. Although fluoride increased the steady state tyrosyl phosphorylation of the cellular proteins in human bone cells, the same micromolar doses of fluoride had no effect on human skin fibroblasts, which are fluoride-nonresponsive cells. The effects of fluoride were rapidly reversible in the absence of fluoride and could be acutely potentiated by pretreatment with epidermal growth factor. In summary, we have shown for the first time that mitogenic concentrations (i.e. 50-200 mumol/L) of fluoride increased the steady state level of tyrosyl phosphorylation of at least 13 cellular proteins in human bone cells, and that the increases were relatively show in onset and sustained. In conclusion, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the osteogenic actions of fluoride are mediated at least in part by an inhibition of the activity of one or more fluoride-sensitive phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatases in human bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
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26
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Breier JI, Plenger PM, Wheless JW, Thomas AB, Brookshire BL, Curtis VL, Papanicolaou A, Willmore LJ, Clifton GL. Memory tests distinguish between patients with focal temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1996; 37:165-70. [PMID: 8635427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined the ability of preoperative memory performance to distinguish between patients who had been diagnosed as having left (LTLE, n = 31), right (RTLE, n = 37), and extra-(ETLE, n = 17) temporal lobe focal epilepsy. All patients eventually underwent surgical resections. Analyses indicated that the ETLE group performed better than the RTLE group on nonverbal memory measures and better than the LTLE group on verbal memory measures. Discriminant function analyses indicated that use of a combination of measures that assess different aspects of memory were of significant value in distinguishing between patients with focal TLE and ETLE. This approach, as compared the use of single measures, improved classification rates of all three groups. The best single predictor of group membership, an index of verbal learning, yielded a 47% overall correct classification rate, with sensitivities ranging from 25 to 59%, and performed at worse than chance levels in classifying RTLE patients. A multivariate approach, which included an index of verbal and nonverbal learning, incidental nonverbal memory, and consolidation of organized and rote verbal material, yielded a 65% correct classification rate, with sensitivities ranging from 57 to 75%. This compares favorably with the other noninvasive techniques for lateralizing epileptogenic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Breier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Lau KH, Thomas AB, Yoo A, Nguyen TS, Wergedal JE. Conversion of skeletal tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatases into tartrate-resistant isoenzymes in vitro. Int J Biochem 1992; 24:1815-24. [PMID: 1451918 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(92)90133-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Chicken skeletal tartrate-sensitive (TsACP) and -resistant (TrACP) acid phosphatase isoenzymes could be separated from each other by carboxylmethyl-sepharose ion exchange chromatography. 2. Chicken skeletal TsACP showed a gradual time-dependent loss of sensitivity to tartrate inhibition when incubated at room temperature, but not at 4 degrees C. 3. The loss of sensitivity to tartrate inhibition was associated with an activation of the enzyme activity. 4. These changes were accompanied with a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme activity from a large molecular sized form to a smaller molecular sized form that resembled the freshly prepared TrACP on the native acidic polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels, and on molecular sieve Superose-12 Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. 5. Kinetic evaluations of the biochemical properties of the "converted" TsACP activity resembled the TrACP. 6. The apparent "conversion" was not unique to chicken TsACP, since similar "conversion" was observed with partially purified preparations of bovine bone matrix TsACP and of human osteoblastic TsACP. 7. Addition of several serine protease inhibitors did not prevent the "conversion". 8. These findings are consistent with the possibility that skeletal TsACPs are precursors of skeletal TrACPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lau
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California
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Foegeding PM, Thomas AB, Pilkington DH, Klaenhammer TR. Enhanced control of Listeria monocytogenes by in situ-produced pediocin during dry fermented sausage production. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:884-90. [PMID: 1575489 PMCID: PMC195349 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.3.884-890.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether pediocin is produced and has effective antilisterial activity during food fermentation, six sausage fermentation trials were conducted with antibiotic-resistant, pediocin-producing (Bac+) Pediococcus acidilactici PAC 1.0 (Strr Rifr) and an isogenic pediocin-negative (Bac-) derivative used as a control. Meat was inoculated (ca. 10(5) CFU/g) with a composite of five Listeria monocytogenes strains, each electrotransformed with pGK12 (Cmr Emr). P. acidilactici and L. monocytogenes populations were selectively enumerated by plating on media with antibiotics. This study indicated that the dry sausage fermentation process can reduce L. monocytogenes populations. Effective inactivation of L. monocytogenes was observed when the pH at the end of the fermentation portion of the process was less than 4.9. Pediocin was responsible for part of the antilisterial activity during the fermentation in each of the six trials. Furthermore, inhibition of L. monocytogenes during drying was enhanced in the presence of pediocin in the three trials in which L. monocytogenes could be detected throughout the drying process. Thus, pediocin production contributed to an increase in safety during both the fermentation and drying portions of sausage manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Foegeding
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7624
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Abstract
With use of standard audiometric procedures, the hearing thresholds of patients with known diabetic retinopathy did not differ significantly from those of a control population group. However, use of a more subtle psychoacoustic tool--a filtered speech task--showed a definite difference in hearing acuity between the two groups.
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Thomas AB. The development of audiological services in the Cardiff area. Clin Otolaryngol 1979; 4:99-103. [PMID: 455776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1979.tb01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An account of the development of audiological services in the Cardiff area is presented so that otolaryngologists may be encouraged to extend and improve the facilities present in their locality.
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Bradshaw RB, Green M, Griffiths IP, Henk JM, Richards SH, Thomas AB. Letter: Early diagnosis of cancer in the head and neck. Br Med J 1976; 1:956. [PMID: 1268497 PMCID: PMC1639283 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6015.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
The position and some of the properties of
the source of radio-frequency radiation in Cygnus have been determined. The
observed fluctuations in intensity have been found to correlate with activity
in the F region of the ionosphere.
There is no evidence that the emission from the source varies.
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Schleiter HG, Thomas AB. Observations on Venous Pressure, Particularly in the Presence of Arterial Hypertension. Trans Am Climatol Clin Assoc 1931; 47:86-93. [PMID: 21409031 PMCID: PMC2194592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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