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Brumback BD, Dmytrenko O, Robinson AN, Bailey AL, Ma P, Liu J, Hicks SC, Ng S, Li G, Zhang DM, Lipovsky CE, Lin CY, Diamond MS, Lavine KJ, Rentschler SL. Human Cardiac Pericytes Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:109-120. [PMID: 36124009 PMCID: PMC9473702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with serious cardiovascular complications, with incompletely understood mechanism(s). Pericytes have key functions in supporting endothelial cells and maintaining vascular integrity. We demonstrate that human cardiac pericytes are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection in organotypic slice and primary cell cultures. Viral entry into pericytes is mediated by endosomal proteases, and infection leads to up-regulation of inflammatory markers, vasoactive mediators, and nuclear factor kappa-B-dependent cell death. Furthermore, we present evidence of cardiac pericyte infection in COVID-19 myocarditis patients. These data demonstrate that human cardiac pericytes are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest a role for pericyte infection in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D. Brumback
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Oleksandr Dmytrenko
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley N. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sherwin Ng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine E. Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stacey L. Rentschler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Robinson AN, Roberts JE, Brady NC, McQuillin SD, Warren SF. Physiological Correlates of Maternal Responsivity in Mothers of Preschoolers With Fragile X Syndrome. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2016; 121:111-120. [PMID: 26914466 PMCID: PMC4770832 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-121.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between salivary cortisol and maternal responsiveness in mothers of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Maternal responsivity is strongly associated with child outcomes, and children with FXS are at risk for compromised development due to intellectual disability and problem behavior. Increased understanding of the nature and underlying mechanisms of maternal responsivity in FXS is important to optimize outcomes in children with FXS and contribute to improved family cohesion. Data from 36 mother-child dyads indicated a complex age effect with elevated cortisol levels associated with high maternal responsivity scores when children are young and low responsivity scores when children are older. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Robinson
- Ashley N. Robinson, Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina
- Nancy C. Brady, University of Kansas
- Samuel D. McQuillin, University of Houston; and
- Steven F. Warren, University of Kansas
| | - Jane E Roberts
- Ashley N. Robinson, Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina
- Nancy C. Brady, University of Kansas
- Samuel D. McQuillin, University of Houston; and
- Steven F. Warren, University of Kansas
| | - Nancy C Brady
- Ashley N. Robinson, Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina
- Nancy C. Brady, University of Kansas
- Samuel D. McQuillin, University of Houston; and
- Steven F. Warren, University of Kansas
| | - Samuel D McQuillin
- Ashley N. Robinson, Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina
- Nancy C. Brady, University of Kansas
- Samuel D. McQuillin, University of Houston; and
- Steven F. Warren, University of Kansas
| | - Steven F Warren
- Ashley N. Robinson, Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Jane E. Roberts, University of South Carolina
- Nancy C. Brady, University of Kansas
- Samuel D. McQuillin, University of Houston; and
- Steven F. Warren, University of Kansas
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Kurtz PF, Chin MD, Robinson AN, O'Connor JT, Hagopian LP. Functional analysis and treatment of problem behavior exhibited by children with fragile X syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2015; 43-44:150-166. [PMID: 26183339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of function-based interventions for the treatment of severe problem behavior exhibited by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is well established. However, few studies have reported on behavioral interventions in fragile X syndrome (FXS) specifically. The present study is a consecutive case-series analysis that reports on functional analysis and treatment of problem behavior of nine children with FXS. Assessment findings were consistent with previous research indicating that among individuals with FXS, problem behavior is more commonly maintained by escape from demands and access to tangible items, relative to the broader population of individuals with IDD. Functional analysis-based behavioral interventions resulted in a mean reduction in problem behavior of 95.2% across the nine participants. Additionally, generalization of treatment effects from controlled clinical settings to home, school, and community was demonstrated. The current findings suggest that function-based behavioral interventions shown to be effective with the broader population of individuals with IDD are also effective for individuals with FXS. Our results in combination with those of previous studies describing functional analysis outcomes provide additional evidence for a unique functional behavioral phenotype for severe problem behavior in individuals with FXS. Implications of study findings for early intervention and prevention of problem behavior in children with FXS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Kurtz
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | | | - Ashley N Robinson
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Julia T O'Connor
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Louis P Hagopian
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Lim AA, Leo YS, Lee CC, Robinson AN. Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 2001; 30:600-6. [PMID: 11817287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral lesions have been recognised as prominent features of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since the beginning of the epidemic. OBJECTIVE This descriptive study was conducted to study the types of oral lesions among HIV-infected patients in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral examination was done on 81 randomly selected HIV-infected patients attending the specialist outpatient clinic at the Communicable Disease Centre. RESULTS A total of 9 different lesions were observed in 45 (56%) patients. The lesions observed were oral candidosis (35%), periodontal disease (16%), aphthous-like ulcers (5%), oral hairy leukoplakia (5%) and lymphoma (1%). CONCLUSION The oral manifestations of HIV-infected patients in Singapore appear to be less frequent in comparison with those patients from Africa and Europe. Similarities in oral findings among the HIV-infected patients in Asia are evident with a notable lack of oral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and a low prevalence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and oral hairy leukoplakia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Candidiasis, Oral/complications
- Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology
- Candidiasis, Oral/pathology
- Female
- HIV Infections/complications
- HIV Infections/epidemiology
- HIV Infections/pathology
- Humans
- Leukoplakia, Hairy/complications
- Leukoplakia, Hairy/epidemiology
- Leukoplakia, Hairy/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/complications
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Diseases/complications
- Mouth Diseases/epidemiology
- Mouth Neoplasms/complications
- Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Oral Ulcer/complications
- Oral Ulcer/epidemiology
- Prevalence
- Singapore/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre, 5, Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168938
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