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Angiolillo AL, Schore RJ, Devidas M, Borowitz MJ, Carroll AJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Heerema NA, Keilani T, Lane AR, Loh ML, Reaman GH, Adamson PC, Wood B, Wood C, Zheng HW, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of calaspargase pegol Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in the treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from Children's Oncology Group Study AALL07P4. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3874-82. [PMID: 25348002 PMCID: PMC4239306 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Asparaginase is a critical agent used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Pegaspargase (SS-PEG), a pegylated form of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase with a succinimidyl succinate (SS) linker, is the first-line asparaginase product used in Children's Oncology Group (COG) ALL trials. Calaspargase pegol (SC-PEG) replaces the SS linker in SS-PEG with a succinimidyl carbamate linker, creating a more stable molecule. COG AALL07P4 was designed to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparability of SC-PEG to SS-PEG in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk (HR) B-cell ALL. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 165 evaluable patients were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive SC-PEG at 2,100 (SC-PEG2100; n = 69) or 2,500 IU/m(2) (SC-PEG2500; n = 42) versus SS-PEG 2,500 IU/m(2) (SS-PEG2500; n = 54) as part of an otherwise identical chemotherapy regimen. The groups were similar demographically, except more female patients received SC-PEG2500. RESULTS The mean half-life of plasma asparaginase activity for both SC-PEG doses was approximately 2.5× longer than that of SS-PEG2500. The total systemic exposure, as defined by induction area under the curve from time 0 to 25 days, was greater with SC-PEG2500 than with SS-PEG2500 or SC-PEG2100. The proportion of patients with plasma asparaginase activity ≥ 100 mIU/mL and ≥ 400 mIU/mL was higher in patients who received SC-PEG as compared with SS-PEG2500. After one dose of pegylated asparaginase on induction day 4, plasma asparagine was undetectable for 11 days for SS-PEG2500 and 18 days for both SC-PEG groups. CONCLUSION SC-PEG2500 achieves a significantly longer period of asparaginase activity above defined thresholds and asparagine depletion compared with SS-PEG2500 and has a comparable toxicity profile in children with HR B-cell ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Angiolillo
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
| | - Reuven J Schore
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael J Borowitz
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Taha Keilani
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ashley R Lane
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Gregory H Reaman
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter C Adamson
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Brent Wood
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Charlotte Wood
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Hao W Zheng
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Elizabeth A Raetz
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Naomi J Winick
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - William L Carroll
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, Ashley R. Lane, and Gregory H. Reaman, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Meenakshi Devidas, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida; Charlotte Wood and Hao W. Zheng, Children's Oncology Group, Gainesville, FL; Michael J. Borowitz, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore; Taha Keilani, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD; Andrew J. Carroll, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Julie M. Gastier-Foster and Nyla A. Heerema, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Mignon L. Loh, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Peter C. Adamson, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Brent Wood, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Elizabeth A. Raetz and William L. Carroll, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Naomi J. Winick, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Stephen P. Hunger, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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