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Akhtar K, Alkhaffaf B, Ariyarathenam A, Avery K, Barham P, Bateman A, Beard C, Berrisford R, Blazeby JM, Blencowe N, Boddy A, Bowrey D, Bracey T, Brierley RC, Briton K, Byrne J, Catton J, Chaparala R, Clark SK, Clarke T, Cooke J, Couper G, Culliford L, Dawson H, Deans C, Donovan JL, Ekblad C, Elliott J, Exon D, Falk S, Farooq N, Garfield K, Gaunt DM, Gill F, Goldin R, Gravani A, Hanna G, Hayes S, Heys R, Hindmarsh C, Hollinghurst S, Hollingworth W, Hollowood A, Houlihan R, Howes B, Howie L, Humphreys L, Hutton D, Jarvis R, Jepson M, Kandiyali R, Kaur S, Kaye P, Kelly J, King A, Kirwin J, Krysztopik R, Lamb P, Lang A, Lee V, Maitland S, Mapstone N, Melia G, Metcalfe C, Melhado R, Moure-Fernandez A, Nair B, Nicklin J, Noble F, Noble SM, O’Connell A, Palmer S, Parsons S, Pursnani K, Rea N, Reed F, Rice C, Richards C, Rogers C, Sanders G, Save V, Shaw C, Schiller M, Schranz R, Shetty V, Shirkey B, Singleton J, Skipworth R, Smith J, Streets C, Titcomb D, Turner P, Ubhi S, Underwood T, Vinod C, Vohra R, Ward EM, Warman R, Welch N, Wheatley T, White K, Wickens RA, Wilkerson P, Williams A, Williams R, Wilmshurst N, Wong NACS. Laparoscopic or open abdominal surgery with thoracotomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: ROMIO randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae023. [PMID: 38525931 PMCID: PMC10961947 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated if hybrid oesophagectomy with minimally invasive gastric mobilization and thoracotomy enabled faster recovery than open surgery. METHODS In eight UK centres, this pragmatic RCT recruited patients for oesophagectomy to treat localized cancer. Participants were randomly allocated to hybrid or open surgery, stratified by centre and receipt of neoadjuvant treatment. Large dressings aimed to mask patients to their allocation for six days post-surgery. The authors present the intention-to-treat analysis of outcome measures from the first 3 months post-randomization, including the primary outcome, the patient-reported physical function scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30, and cost-effectiveness. Current Controlled Trials registration: ISRCTN 59036820 (feasibility study), 10386621 (definitive study). FINDINGS There was no evidence of a difference between hybrid (n = 267) and open (n = 266) surgery in average physical function over 3 months post-randomization: difference in means 2.1, 95% c.i. -2.0 to 6.2, P = 0.3. Complication rates were similar; for example, 88 (34%) participants in the open and 82 (32%) participants in the hybrid surgery groups experienced a pulmonary infection within 30 days. There was no evidence that hybrid surgery was more cost-effective than open surgery at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Patient-reported physical function in the 3 months post-randomization provided no evidence of a difference in recovery time between hybrid and open surgery, or a difference in cost-effectiveness. Both approaches to surgery were completed safely, with a similar risk of key complications, suggesting that surgeons who have a preference for one of the two approaches need not change their practice.
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Robbins AJ, Che Bakri NA, Toke‐Bjolgerud E, Edwards A, Vikraman A, Michalsky C, Fossler M, Lemm N, Medhipour S, Budd W, Gravani A, Hurley L, Kapil V, Jackson A, Lonsdale D, Latham V, Laffan M, Chapman N, Cooper N, Szydlo R, Boyle J, Pollock KM, Owen D. The effect of TRV027 on coagulation in COVID-19: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:1495-1501. [PMID: 36437688 PMCID: PMC10952550 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 causes significant thrombosis and coagulopathy, with elevated D-dimer a predictor of adverse outcome. The precise mechanism of this coagulopathy remains unclear; one hypothesis is that loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity during viral endocytosis leads to pro-inflammatory angiotensin-II accumulation, loss of angiotensin-1-7 and subsequent vascular endothelial activation. We undertook a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled experimental medicine study to assess the effect of TRV027, a synthetic angiotensin-1-7 analogue on D-dimer in 30 patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. The study showed a similar rate of adverse events in TRV027 and control groups. There was a numerical decrease in D-dimer in the TRV027 group and increase in D-dimer in the placebo group; however, this did not reach statistical significance (P = .15). A Bayesian analysis demonstrated that there was a 92% probability that this change represented a true drug effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Robbins
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Nur Amalina Che Bakri
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Aaron Edwards
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Asha Vikraman
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Nana‐Marie Lemm
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Savviz Medhipour
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - William Budd
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Lisa Hurley
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University LondonLondonUK
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research Clinical Trials UnitUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Dagan Lonsdale
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Critical CareSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Nichola Cooper
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Joseph Boyle
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David Owen
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Gravani A, Gaitanis G, Tsironi T, Tigas S, Bassukas ID. Changing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in bullous pemphigoid: it is the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e438-e439. [PMID: 29569760 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gravani
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - G Gaitanis
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - T Tsironi
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - S Tigas
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - I D Bassukas
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Mendez-Bermudez A, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Cotton VE, Gravani A, Jeyapalan JN, Royle NJ. The roles of WRN and BLM RecQ helicases in the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:10809-20. [PMID: 22989712 PMCID: PMC3510502 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of all cancers, but a higher proportion of sarcomas, use the recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to maintain telomeres. Two RecQ helicase genes, BLM and WRN, play important roles in homologous recombination repair and they have been implicated in telomeric recombination activity, but their precise roles in ALT are unclear. Using analysis of sequence variation present in human telomeres, we found that a WRN– ALT+ cell line lacks the class of complex telomere mutations attributed to inter-telomeric recombination in other ALT+ cell lines. This suggests that WRN facilitates inter-telomeric recombination when there are sequence differences between the donor and recipient molecules or that sister-telomere interactions are suppressed in the presence of WRN and this promotes inter-telomeric recombination. Depleting BLM in the WRN– ALT+ cell line increased the mutation frequency at telomeres and at the MS32 minisatellite, which is a marker of ALT. The absence of complex telomere mutations persisted in BLM-depleted clones, and there was a clear increase in sequence homogenization across the telomere and MS32 repeat arrays. These data indicate that BLM suppresses unequal sister chromatid interactions that result in excessive homogenization at MS32 and at telomeres in ALT+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mendez-Bermudez
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Royle NJ, Méndez-Bermúdez A, Gravani A, Novo C, Foxon J, Williams J, Cotton V, Hidalgo A. The role of recombination in telomere length maintenance. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:589-95. [PMID: 19442255 DOI: 10.1042/bst0370589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human telomeres shorten during each cell division, predominantly because of incomplete DNA replication. This eventually results in short uncapped telomeres that elicit a DNA-damage response, leading to cellular senescence. However, evasion of senescence results in continued cell division and telomere erosion ultimately results in genome instability. In the long term, this genome instability is not sustainable, and cancer cells activate a TMM (telomere maintenance mechanism), either expression of telomerase or activation of the ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway. Activation of the ALT mechanism results in deregulation of recombination-based activities at telomeres. Thus ALT+ cells show elevated T-SCE (telomere sister-chromatid exchange), misprocessing of t-loops that cap chromosomes and recombination-based processes between telomeres or between telomeres and ECTRs (extrachromosomal telomeric repeats). Some or all of these processes underlie the chaotic telomere length maintenance that allows cells in ALT+ tumours unlimited replicative capacity. ALT activation is also associated with destabilization of a minisatellite, MS32. The connection between the minisatellite instability and the deregulation of recombination-based activity at telomeres is not understood, but analysis of the minisatellite can be used as a marker for ALT. It is known that telomere length maintenance in ALT+ cells is dependent on the MRN [MRE11 (meiotic recombination 11)-Rad50-NBS1 (Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1)] complex, but knowledge of the role of other genes, including the Werner's (WRN) and Bloom's (BLM) syndrome DNA helicase genes, is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Royle
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK.
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