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Crisp J, Ahmad M, Crockett S, Mohamed A, Hamady M, Bernstein O, Shalhoub J. Spontaneous bilateral superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and a unilateral posterior tibial artery aneurysm in an immunocompromised patient. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8686. [PMID: 38515996 PMCID: PMC10954564 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message The presence of multiple pseudoaneurysms in a patient should prompt investigations for the underlying etiologies including autoimmune and immunosuppressive disease processes. Treatment options include open repair and endovascular stenting. Abstract Pseudoaneurysms (also known as false aneurysms) are atypical dilatations or outpouchings from a vessel which are not always contained by the three layers of a normal vessel wall, namely the intima, media, and adventitia. These are distinct from a true aneurysm which has a wall comprising all three layers. The underlying etiology for both true aneurysms and pseudoaneurysm can vary. We present the rare case of bilateral superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysms, of unknown etiology and a concurrent posterior tibial artery saccular aneurysm in a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and multiple comorbidities. This was managed using a combination of endovascular covered stent grafts and open surgical repair technique. The patient is doing well on follow-up a year later with no post-operative infections. A literature review of the existing reports of superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysms and posterior tibial artery aneurysms and their management is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Crisp
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Manal Ahmad
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen Crockett
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Abdulla Mohamed
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Mohamad Hamady
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of RadiologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Ondina Bernstein
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of RadiologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Department of Vascular SurgeryImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Raby KL, Michaeloudes C, Tonkin J, Chung KF, Bhavsar PK. Mechanisms of airway epithelial injury and abnormal repair in asthma and COPD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201658. [PMID: 37520564 PMCID: PMC10374037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium comprises of different cell types and acts as a physical barrier preventing pathogens, including inhaled particles and microbes, from entering the lungs. Goblet cells and submucosal glands produce mucus that traps pathogens, which are expelled from the respiratory tract by ciliated cells. Basal cells act as progenitor cells, differentiating into different epithelial cell types, to maintain homeostasis following injury. Adherens and tight junctions between cells maintain the epithelial barrier function and regulate the movement of molecules across it. In this review we discuss how abnormal epithelial structure and function, caused by chronic injury and abnormal repair, drives airway disease and specifically asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In both diseases, inhaled allergens, pollutants and microbes disrupt junctional complexes and promote cell death, impairing the barrier function and leading to increased penetration of pathogens and a constant airway immune response. In asthma, the inflammatory response precipitates the epithelial injury and drives abnormal basal cell differentiation. This leads to reduced ciliated cells, goblet cell hyperplasia and increased epithelial mesenchymal transition, which contribute to impaired mucociliary clearance and airway remodelling. In COPD, chronic oxidative stress and inflammation trigger premature epithelial cell senescence, which contributes to loss of epithelial integrity and airway inflammation and remodelling. Increased numbers of basal cells showing deregulated differentiation, contributes to ciliary dysfunction and mucous hyperproduction in COPD airways. Defective antioxidant, antiviral and damage repair mechanisms, possibly due to genetic or epigenetic factors, may confer susceptibility to airway epithelial dysfunction in these diseases. The current evidence suggests that a constant cycle of injury and abnormal repair of the epithelium drives chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma and COPD. Mechanistic understanding of injury susceptibility and damage response may lead to improved therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Louise Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Tonkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Kumar Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Russell MC. A difference in larval mosquito size allows a biocontrol agent to target the invasive species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10294. [PMID: 37441096 PMCID: PMC10333674 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global temperature rises in the coming decades, Aedes albopictus is expected to invade and establish in South East England, where Culex pipiens is currently the most common native mosquito species. Biocontrol measures that use local cyclopoid copepods against Ae. albopictus may be compromised if the copepods prefer alternate Cx. pipiens prey. In this study, I assessed the predation efficiency of Megacyclops viridis copepods against Ae. albopictus larvae from France and larvae that hatched from egg rafts of Cx. pipiens collected in South East England. The experiments were conducted at 15 and 25°C, which are representative of present and future summer temperatures in South East England. Ae. albopictus larvae that survived the course of the experiment in the predator-absent controls were significantly smaller than Cx. pipiens larvae that survived in the absence of predation. The background mortality of Cx. pipiens larvae increased with the 10-degree increase in temperature, and the smaller size of surviving Cx. pipiens larvae at 25°C, relative to survivors at 15°C, suggests that larger Cx. pipiens larvae were more likely to die at the higher temperature setting. Across all experimental treatments, the ratio of copepod body length to mean prey length, based on larval lengths of survivors from the corresponding predator-absent controls, was a significant predictor of the copepod's predation efficiency. Adding temperature setting to the predation efficiency model as a predictor did not improve model fit. Within the mixed prey treatments, the predation efficiency of M. viridis was 34.5 percentage points higher against Ae. albopictus prey than against Cx. pipiens prey. The higher predation efficiency that M. viridis exhibited against invasive Ae. albopictus prey, likely due to the smaller size of these larvae, supports the future use of M. viridis as a biocontrol agent in the United Kingdom.
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Clasen JL, Mabunda R, Heath AK, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Birukov A, Tagliabue G, Chiodini P, Tumino R, Milani L, Braaten T, Gram I, Lukic M, Luján‐Barroso L, Rodriguez‐Barranco M, Chirlaque M, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Manjer J, Huss L, Ljungberg B, Travis R, Smith‐Byrne K, Gunter M, Johansson M, Rinaldi S, Weiderpass E, Riboli E, Cross AJ, Muller DC. Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of renal cell carcinoma among women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15588-15600. [PMID: 37269199 PMCID: PMC10417104 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is twice as common among men compared with women, and hormonal factors have been suggested to partially explain this difference. There is currently little evidence on the roles of reproductive and hormonal risk factors in RCC aetiology. MATERIALS & METHODS We investigated associations of age at menarche and age at menopause, pregnancy-related factors, hysterectomy and ovariectomy and exogenous hormone use with RCC risk among 298,042 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. RESULTS During 15 years of follow-up, 438 RCC cases were identified. Parous women had higher rates of RCC compared with nulliparous women (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.18, 2.46), and women who were older at age of first pregnancy had lower rates of RCC (30 years + vs. <20 years HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34, 0.82). Additionally, we identified a positive association for hysterectomy (HR = 1.43 95% CI 1.09, 1.86) and bilateral ovariectomy (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.13, 2.47), but not unilateral ovariectomy (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.61, 1.62) with RCC risk. No clear associations were found for age at menarche, age at menopause or exogenous hormone use. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that parity and reproductive organ surgeries may play a role in RCC aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Clasen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rita Mabunda
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alicia K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthetalGermany
| | - Anna Birukov
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Muenchen‐NeuherbergGermany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUnited States
| | | | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics UnitUniversity L. VanvitelliNaplesItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE ‐ONLUS)RagusaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Milani
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community MedicineUiT The Arctic University of Norway
| | - Inger Gram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community MedicineUniversity of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Marko Lukic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community MedicineUniversity of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Leila Luján‐Barroso
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO‐IDIBELL), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Unit of Nutrition and CancerL'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Miguel Rodriguez‐Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP)GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - María‐Dolores Chirlaque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurcia UniversityMurciaSpain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of GipuzkoaSan SebastianSpain
- Biodonostia Health Research InstituteEpidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases GroupSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Linnea Huss
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of SurgeryHelsingborg HospitalHelsingborgSweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and perioperative sciences, Urology and AndrologyUmeå UniversitySweden
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Karl Smith‐Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | | | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - David C. Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
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Rahman T, Baxan N, Murray RT, Tavana S, Schaer TP, Smith N, Bull J, Newell N. An in vitro comparison of three nucleus pulposus removal techniques for partial intervertebral disc replacement: An ultra-high resolution MRI study. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1232. [PMID: 37361334 PMCID: PMC10285766 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclectomy, also known as nucleotomy, is a percutaneous surgical procedure performed to remove nucleus material from the center of the disc. Multiple techniques have been considered to perform a nuclectomy, however, the advantages and disadvantages of each are not well understood. Aims This in vitro biomechanical investigation on human cadaveric specimens aimed to quantitatively compare three nuclectomy techniques performed using an automated shaver, rongeurs, and laser. Material & Methods Comparisons were made in terms of mass, volume and location of material removal, changes in disc height, and stiffness. Fifteen vertebra-disc-vertebra lumbar specimens were acquired from six donors (40 ± 13 years) and split into three groups. Before and after nucleotomy axial mechanical tests were performed and T2-weighted 9.4T MRIs were acquired for each specimen. Results When using the automated shaver and rongeurs similar volumes of disc material were removed (2.51 ± 1.10% and 2.76 ± 1.39% of the total disc volume, respectively), while considerably less material was removed using the laser (0.12 ± 0.07%). Nuclectomy using the automated shaver and rongeurs significantly reduced the toe-region stiffness (p = 0.036), while the reduction in the linear region stiffness was significant only for the rongeurs group (p = 0.011). Post-nuclectomy, 60% of the rongeurs group specimens showed changes in the endplate profile while 40% from the laser group showed subchondral marrow changes. Discussion From the MRIs, homogeneous cavities were seen in the center of the disc when using the automated shaver. When using rongeurs, material was removed non-homogeneously both from the nucleus and annulus regions. Laser ablation formed small and localized cavities suggesting that the technique is not suitable to remove large volumes of material unless it is developed and optimized for this application. Conclusion The results demonstrate that both rongeurs and automated shavers can be used to remove large volumes of NP material but the reduced risk of collateral damage to surrounding tissues suggests that the automated shaver may be more suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Rahman
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicoleta Baxan
- Biological Imaging Centre, Central Biomedical ServicesImperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
| | - Robert T. Murray
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Saman Tavana
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas P. Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nigel Smith
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonStanmoreUK
| | - Jonathan Bull
- Department of NeurosurgeryBARTS Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Nicolas Newell
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Mahamat‐Saleh Y, Rinaldi S, Kaaks R, Biessy C, Gonzalez‐Gil EM, Murphy N, Le Cornet C, Huerta JM, Sieri S, Tjønneland A, Mellemkjær L, Guevara M, Overvad K, Perez‐Cornago A, Tin Tin S, Padroni L, Simeon V, Masala G, May A, Monninkhof E, Christakoudi S, Heath AK, Tsilidis K, Agudo A, Schulze MB, Rothwell J, Cadeau C, Severi S, Weiderpass E, Gunter MJ, Dossus L. Metabolically defined body size and body shape phenotypes and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Med 2023; 12:12668-12682. [PMID: 37096432 PMCID: PMC10278526 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess body fatness and hyperinsulinemia are both associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. However, whether women with high body fatness but normal insulin levels or those with normal body fatness and high levels of insulin are at elevated risk of breast cancer is not known. We investigated the associations of metabolically defined body size and shape phenotypes with the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. METHODS Concentrations of C-peptide-a marker for insulin secretion-were measured at inclusion prior to cancer diagnosis in serum from 610 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 1130 matched controls. C-peptide concentrations among the control participants were used to define metabolically healthy (MH; in first tertile) and metabolically unhealthy (MU; >1st tertile) status. We created four metabolic health/body size phenotype categories by combining the metabolic health definitions with normal weight (NW; BMI < 25 kg/m2 , or WC < 80 cm, or WHR < 0.8) and overweight or obese (OW/OB; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 , or WC ≥ 80 cm, or WHR ≥ 0.8) status for each of the three anthropometric measures separately: (1) MHNW, (2) MHOW/OB, (3) MUNW, and (4) MUOW/OB. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Women classified as MUOW/OB were at higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer compared to MHNW women considering BMI (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.14-2.19) and WC (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.09-2.08) cut points and there was also a suggestive increased risk for the WHR (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.94-1.77) definition. Conversely, women with the MHOW/OB and MUNW were not at statistically significant elevated risk of postmenopausal breast cancer risk compared to MHNW women. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that being overweight or obese and metabolically unhealthy raises risk of postmenopausal breast cancer while overweight or obese women with normal insulin levels are not at higher risk. Additional research should consider the combined utility of anthropometric measures with metabolic parameters in predicting breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - R. Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DFKZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - C. Biessy
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - N. Murphy
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - C. Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DFKZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - J. M. Huerta
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health CouncilMurciaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - S. Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori20133MilanItaly
| | - A. Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - L. Mellemkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - M. Guevara
- Navarra Public Health Institute31003PamplonaSpain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)28029MadridSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)31008PamplonaSpain
| | - K. Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - A. Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - S. Tin Tin
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - L. Padroni
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - V. Simeon
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina PreventivaUniversità degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'80121NaplesItaly
| | - G. Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO)FlorenceItaly
| | - A. May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - E. Monninkhof
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - S. Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and CancerCatalan Institute of Oncology – ICOL'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group; Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELLL'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - M. B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- Institute of Nutritional ScienceUniversity of PotsdamNuthetalGermany
| | - J. Rothwell
- Paris‐Saclay UniversityUVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” team, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - C. Cadeau
- Paris‐Saclay UniversityUVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” team, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - S. Severi
- Paris‐Saclay UniversityUVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” team, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - E. Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - M. J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - L. Dossus
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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7
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Angwin C, Zschocke J, Kammin T, Björck E, Bowen J, Brady AF, Burns H, Cummings C, Gardner R, Ghali N, Gröbner R, Harris J, Higgins M, Johnson D, Lepperdinger U, Milnes D, Pope FM, Sehra R, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Sobey G, Van Dijk FS. Non-oral manifestations in adults with a clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnosis of periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1136339. [PMID: 37323685 PMCID: PMC10264792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1136339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (pEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant type of EDS characterised by severe early-onset periodontitis, lack of attached gingiva, pretibial plaques, joint hypermobility and skin hyperextensibility as per the 2017 International EDS Classification. In 2016, deleterious pathogenic heterozygous variants were identified in C1R and C1S, which encode components of the complement system. Materials and Methods: Individuals with a clinical suspicion of pEDS were clinically and molecularly assessed through the National EDS Service in London and Sheffield and in genetic services in Austria, Sweden and Australia. Transmission electron microscopy and fibroblast studies were performed in a small subset of patients. Results: A total of 21 adults from 12 families were clinically and molecularly diagnosed with pEDS, with C1R variants in all families. The age at molecular diagnosis ranged from 21-73 years (mean 45 years), male: female ratio 5:16. Features of easy bruising (90%), pretibial plaques (81%), skin fragility (71%), joint hypermobility (24%) and vocal changes (38%) were identified as well as leukodystrophy in 89% of those imaged. Discussion: This cohort highlights the clinical features of pEDS in adults and contributes several important additional clinical features as well as novel deleterious variants to current knowledge. Hypothetical pathogenic mechanisms which may help to progress understanding and management of pEDS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Angwin
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Kammin
- National EDS Diagnostic Service, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - E. Björck
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - J. Bowen
- National EDS Diagnostic Service, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - A. F. Brady
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H. Burns
- Department Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Health QLD, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C. Cummings
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Gardner
- Clinical Genetics, Genetic Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N. Ghali
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Gröbner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. Harris
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Higgins
- Clinical Genetics, Genetic Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D. Johnson
- National EDS Diagnostic Service, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - U. Lepperdinger
- Department of Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D. Milnes
- Clinical Genetics, Genetic Health Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - F. M. Pope
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Sehra
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - I. Kapferer-Seebacher
- Department of Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G. Sobey
- National EDS Diagnostic Service, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - F. S. Van Dijk
- National EDS Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Robbins AJ, Che Bakri NA, Toke‐Bjolgerud E, Edwards A, Vikraman A, Michalsky C, Fossler M, Lemm N, Medhipour S, Budd W, Gravani A, Hurley L, Kapil V, Jackson A, Lonsdale D, Latham V, Laffan M, Chapman N, Cooper N, Szydlo R, Boyle J, Pollock KM, Owen D. The effect of TRV027 on coagulation in COVID-19: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:1495-1501. [PMID: 36437688 PMCID: PMC10952550 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 causes significant thrombosis and coagulopathy, with elevated D-dimer a predictor of adverse outcome. The precise mechanism of this coagulopathy remains unclear; one hypothesis is that loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity during viral endocytosis leads to pro-inflammatory angiotensin-II accumulation, loss of angiotensin-1-7 and subsequent vascular endothelial activation. We undertook a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled experimental medicine study to assess the effect of TRV027, a synthetic angiotensin-1-7 analogue on D-dimer in 30 patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. The study showed a similar rate of adverse events in TRV027 and control groups. There was a numerical decrease in D-dimer in the TRV027 group and increase in D-dimer in the placebo group; however, this did not reach statistical significance (P = .15). A Bayesian analysis demonstrated that there was a 92% probability that this change represented a true drug effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Robbins
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Nur Amalina Che Bakri
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Aaron Edwards
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Asha Vikraman
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Nana‐Marie Lemm
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Savviz Medhipour
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - William Budd
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Lisa Hurley
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University LondonLondonUK
| | - Aimee Jackson
- Cancer Research Clinical Trials UnitUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Dagan Lonsdale
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Critical CareSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Nichola Cooper
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Joseph Boyle
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David Owen
- Imperial College Research FacilityImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
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9
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Angwin C, Ghali N, Stephanie van Dijk F. Case report and discussion: Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis with surrogacy in vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1147607. [PMID: 37007973 PMCID: PMC10062526 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1147607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is an autosomal dominant inherited connective tissue condition, characterized by generalized tissue fragility with an increased risk of arterial dissection and hollow organ rupture. In women with vEDS, pregnancy and childbirth carry significant risks of both morbidity and mortality. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has approved vEDS for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), given the potential for life-limiting complications. PGD avoids implantation of embryos that are affected by specific disorders by carrying out genetic testing (either for a familial variant or whole gene) and selecting unaffected embryos prior to implantation.Case: We present an essential clinical update to the only published clinical case of a woman with vEDS undergoing PGD with surrogacy, initially through stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequently through natural IVF.Discussion: In our experience, a subset of women with vEDS do wish to have biological, unaffected children through PGD despite being aware of the risks of pregnancy and delivery. Given the clinical heterogeneity in vEDS, these women could be considered on a case-by-case basis for PGD. Controlled studies with comprehensive patient monitoring evaluating the safety of PGD are essential to equitable healthcare provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Angwin
- London National Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Service, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare University NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neeti Ghali
- London National Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Service, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare University NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fleur Stephanie van Dijk
- London National Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Service, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare University NHS Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fleur Stephanie van Dijk,
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10
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Robinson LA, Collins ACZ, Murphy RA, Davies JC, Allsopp LP. Diversity and prevalence of type VI secretion system effectors in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1042505. [PMID: 36687572 PMCID: PMC9846239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major driver of morbidity and mortality in people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a molecular nanomachine that translocates effectors across the bacterial membrane into target cells or the extracellular environment enabling intermicrobial interaction. P. aeruginosa encodes three T6SS clusters, the H1-, H2- and H3-T6SS, and numerous orphan islands. Genetic diversity of T6SS-associated effectors in P. aeruginosa has been noted in reference strains but has yet to be explored in clinical isolates. Here, we perform a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the pangenome and T6SS effector genes in 52 high-quality clinical P. aeruginosa genomes isolated from CF patients and housed in the Personalised Approach to P. aeruginosa strain repository. We confirm that the clinical CF isolate pangenome is open and principally made up of accessory and unique genes that may provide strain-specific advantages. We observed genetic variability in some effector/immunity encoding genes and show that several well-characterised vgrG and PAAR islands are absent from numerous isolates. Our analysis shows clear evidence of disruption to T6SS genomic loci through transposon, prophage, and mobile genetic element insertions. We identified an orphan vgrG island in P. aeruginosa strain PAK and five clinical isolates using in silico analysis which we denote vgrG7, predicting a gene within this cluster to encode a Tle2 lipase family effector. Close comparison of T6SS loci in clinical isolates compared to reference P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 revealed the presence of genes encoding eight new T6SS effectors with the following putative functions: cytidine deaminase, lipase, metallopeptidase, NADase, and pyocin. Finally, the prevalence of characterised and putative T6SS effectors were assessed in 532 publicly available P. aeruginosa genomes, which suggests the existence of accessory effectors. Our in silico study of the P. aeruginosa T6SS exposes a level of genetic diversity at T6SS genomic loci not seen to date within P. aeruginosa, particularly in CF isolates. As understanding the effector repertoire is key to identifying the targets of T6SSs and its efficacy, this comprehensive analysis provides a path for future experimental characterisation of these mediators of intermicrobial competition and host manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Robinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice C. Z. Collins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan A. Murphy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C. Davies
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke P. Allsopp
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Angwin C, Ghali N, van Dijk FS. Case report: Two individuals with AEBP1-related classical-like EDS: Further clinical characterisation and description of novel AEBP1 variants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1148224. [PMID: 37144134 PMCID: PMC10151747 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1148224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: AEBP1-related classical-like EDS (clEDS type 2) is a rare type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) that was first reported in 2016. There are overlapping clinical features with TNXB-related classical-like EDS (or clEDS type 1), including skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and easy bruising. There are currently nine reported individuals with AEBP1-related clEDS type 2. This report confirms previous findings and provides additional clinical and molecular data on this group of individuals. Materials and methods: Two individuals (P1 and P2), with features of a rare type of EDS, were clinically assessed in the London national EDS service and underwent genetic testing. Results: Genetic testing in P1 revealed likely pathogenic AEBP1 variants: c.821del:p. (Pro274Leufs*18) and c.2248T>C:p. (Trp750Arg). In P2 pathogenic AEBP1 variants, c.1012G>T:p. (Glu338*) and c.1930C>T:p. (Arg644*) were identified. Discussion: These two individuals increased the reported number of individuals with AEBP1-related clEDS to 11 (six females and five males). There are shared features with previously reported individuals, including hypermobility (11/11), skin hyperextensibility (11/11), presence of atrophic scarring (9/11), and easy bruising (10/11). In P1, a chronic right vertebral artery dissection, mild dilatation of the splenic artery, aberrant subclavian artery, and tortuous iliac arteries were observed at the age of 63 years. Cardiovascular disease has been reported, including mitral valve prolapse (4/11), peripheral arterial disease (1/11), and aortic root aneurysm requiring surgical intervention (1/11). Hair loss has been reported in 6/11 individuals (five females and one male), only one of which was documented to have a formal diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia, while other individuals were described as having thinning of hair, male pattern hair loss, or unspecified alopecia. Conclusion: The clinical features of individuals with AEBP1-related EDS have not been fully elucidated yet. Hair loss is present in 6/11 individuals with AEBP1-related clEDS and appears to be a feature of this condition. This is the first time hair loss has been formally reported as a characteristic feature in a rare type of EDS. Cardiovascular surveillance seems warranted in this condition because 2/11 individuals have evidence of arterial aneurysm and/or dissection. Further descriptions of affected individuals are necessary to update diagnostic criteria and management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Angwin
- National Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Genetics and Genomics Division, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neeti Ghali
- National Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Genetics and Genomics Division, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fleur Stephanie van Dijk
- National Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Genetics and Genomics Division, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fleur Stephanie van Dijk,
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12
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Wouters E, Stek C, Swartz A, Buyze J, Schutz C, Thienemann F, Wilkinson RJ, Meintjes G, Lynen L, Nöstlinger C. Prednisone for the prevention of tuberculosis-associated IRIS (randomized controlled trial): Impact on the health-related quality of life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:983028. [PMID: 36275235 PMCID: PMC9581134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.983028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an important complication in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. The PredART-trial recently showed that prophylactic prednisone reduces the incidence of paradoxical TB-IRIS by 30% in a population at high risk. This paper reports the impact of the intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a secondary endpoint of the trial, measured by an amended version of the PROQOL-HIV instrument—the instrument’s validity and reliability is also assessed. Methods A total of 240 adult participants (antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve, TB-HIV co-infected with CD4 count ≤100 cells/μL) were recruited and randomized (1:1) to (1) a prednisone arm or (2) a placebo arm. In this sub-study of the PredART-trial we evaluated (1) the performance of an HIV-specific HR-QoL instrument amended for TB-IRIS, i.e., the PROQOL-HIV/TB in patients with HIV-associated TB starting ART (reliability, internal and external construct validity and invariance across time) and (2) the impact of prednisone on self-reported HR-QoL in this population through mixed models. Results The PROQOL-HIV/TB scale displayed acceptable internal reliability and good internal and external validity. This instrument, including the factor structure with the eight sub-dimensions, can thus be applied for measuring HR-QoL among HIV-TB patients at high risk for TB-IRIS. Prophylactic prednisone was statistically significantly associated only with the ‘Physical Health and Symptoms’-subscale: a four-week course of prednisone resulted in an earlier improvement in the physical dimension of HR-QoL compared to placebo. Conclusion We demonstrated that the PROQOL-HIV/TB scale adequately measures different aspects of self-reported HR-QoL in HIV-TB patients. Although more research is needed to understand how other domains related to HR-QoL can be improved, targeting patients at high risk for developing TB-IRIS with a four-week course of prednisone has a beneficial effect on the physical aspects of patient-reported quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Wouters
- Centre for Population, Family & Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Systems Research & Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Edwin Wouters,
| | - Cari Stek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison Swartz
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jozefien Buyze
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Shen C, Mireku MO, Di Simplicio M, Dumontheil I, Thomas MSC, Röösli M, Elliott P, Toledano MB. Bidirectional associations between sleep problems and behavioural difficulties and health-related quality of life in adolescents: Evidence from the SCAMP longitudinal cohort study. JCPP Adv 2022; 2:e12098. [PMID: 36941946 PMCID: PMC10021029 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems show associations with negative outcomes in both physical and mental health in adolescents, but the associations may be reciprocal. We aimed to assess bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms including behavioural difficulties (internalising and externalising difficulties) and low health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods A total of 6616 adolescents (52.4% females) across Greater London completed baseline assessments when they were aged 11-12 years, and 3803 of them (57.2% females) completed follow-up assessments at aged 13-15 years. Weekday and weekend sleep duration were derived from self-reported bedtime, sleep onset latency and wake time. Sleep disturbance was assessed using a standardized sleep disturbance scale. Internalising and externalising difficulties were assessed using subscales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Cross-lagged structural equation modelling was used with multiple imputation to examine bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms. Results Females had greater internalising difficulties, worse HRQoL and more sleep disturbance than males. Persistent insufficient weekday and weekend sleep, and sleep disturbance (i.e., at both baseline and follow-up) were associated with internalising and externalising difficulties and low HRQoL at follow-up (ORs ranged from 1.53 to 3.63). Persistent externalising difficulties and low HRQoL were also associated with insufficient weekend sleep and sleep disturbance at follow-up (ORs ranged from 1.68 to 4.25). Using continuous variables, we found bidirectional associations between weekday sleep duration and HRQoL, weekend sleep duration and externalising score, sleep quality and internalising score, and sleep quality and HRQoL. The association magnitudes were mostly similar in the two directions. Conclusions Our study showed bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms during adolescence, indicating that early intervention and treatment on the first-occurring symptom may prevent the development of subsequent problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMRC Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and HazardsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael O. Mireku
- School of PsychologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
- Lincoln Sleep Research CentreUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Martina Di Simplicio
- Department of Brain SciencesDivision of PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Iroise Dumontheil
- Department of Psychological SciencesBirkbeck, University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMRC Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and HazardsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mireille B. Toledano
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMRC Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and HazardsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and WellbeingSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
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14
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Abstract
One of the most important and potentially long-lasting detrimental consequences of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea (FHA) is on skeletal homeostasis. Beyond oestrogen deficiency, FHA is associated with a cascade of additional neuro-endocrine and metabolic alterations, some adaptive, but which combine to disrupt skeletal homeostasis. Ultimately, this leads to a two-fold increased risk of fractures in women with FHA compared to healthy eumenorrhoeic women. Although the cornerstone of management of FHA-related bone loss remains recovery of menses via restoration of metabolic/psychological balance, there is rapidly developing evidence for hormonal manipulations (with a particular emphasis on route of administration) and other pharmacological treatments that can protect or improve skeletal homeostasis in FHA. In this mini-review, we provide an update on the pathophysiology, clinical management and future avenues in the field from a bone perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeshila Behary
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang H, Geng S, Ouyang M, Yadegari H, Xie F, Riley DJ. A Self-Reconstructed Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Pseudo-Amorphous Nickel Carbide @ Iron Oxide Network for Seawater Splitting. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200146. [PMID: 35338616 PMCID: PMC9131433 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, a sol-gel method is used to prepare a Prussian blue analogue (NiFe-PBA) precursor with a 2D network, which is further annealed to an Fe3 O4 /NiCx composite (NiFe-PBA-gel-cal), inheriting the ultrahigh specific surface area of the parent structure. When the composite is used as both anode and cathode catalyst for overall water splitting, it requires low voltages of 1.57 and 1.66 V to provide a current density of 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline freshwater and simulated seawater, respectively, exhibiting no obvious attenuation over a 50 h test. Operando Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that NiOOH2-x active species containing high-valence Ni3+ /Ni4+ are in situ generated from NiCx during the water oxidation. Density functional theory calculations combined with ligand field theory reveal that the role of high valence states of Ni is to trigger the production of localized O 2p electron holes, acting as electrophilic centers for the activation of redox reactions for oxygen evolution reaction. After hydrogen evolution reaction, a series of ex situ and in situ investigations indicate the reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and the evolution of Ni(OH)2 are the origin of the high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Materials and London Center for NanotechnologyImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Songyuan Geng
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Mengzheng Ouyang
- Department of Earth Science and EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Hossein Yadegari
- Department of Materials and London Center for NanotechnologyImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials and London Center for NanotechnologyImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - D. Jason Riley
- Department of Materials and London Center for NanotechnologyImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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16
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AlAttar A, Chappell D, Kormushev P. Kinematic-Model-Free Predictive Control for Robotic Manipulator Target Reaching With Obstacle Avoidance. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:809114. [PMID: 35187095 PMCID: PMC8847437 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.809114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Model predictive control is a widely used optimal control method for robot path planning and obstacle avoidance. This control method, however, requires a system model to optimize control over a finite time horizon and possible trajectories. Certain types of robots, such as soft robots, continuum robots, and transforming robots, can be challenging to model, especially in unstructured or unknown environments. Kinematic-model-free control can overcome these challenges by learning local linear models online. This paper presents a novel perception-based robot motion controller, the kinematic-model-free predictive controller, that is capable of controlling robot manipulators without any prior knowledge of the robot’s kinematic structure and dynamic parameters and is able to perform end-effector obstacle avoidance. Simulations and physical experiments were conducted to demonstrate the ability and adaptability of the controller to perform simultaneous target reaching and obstacle avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad AlAttar
- Robot Intelligence Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Robotics Lab,Dubai Future Labs, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Ahmad AlAttar,
| | - Digby Chappell
- Robot Intelligence Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petar Kormushev
- Robot Intelligence Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Cavan EL, Hill SL. Commercial fishery disturbance of the global ocean biological carbon sink. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:1212-1221. [PMID: 34921472 PMCID: PMC9300016 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plankton drive a major sink of carbon across the global oceans. Dead plankton, their faeces and the faeces of plankton feeders, form a huge rain of carbon sinking to the seabed and deep ocean, reducing atmospheric CO2 levels and thus helping to regulate the climate. Any change in plankton communities, ecosystems or habitats will perturb this carbon sink, potentially increasing atmospheric CO2 . Fishing is a major cause of ocean ecosystem disturbance affecting all trophic levels including plankton, but its potential impact on the carbon sink is unknown. As both fisheries and the carbon sink depend on plankton, there is spatial overlap of these fundamental ecosystem services. Here, we provide the first global maps of this spatial overlap. Using an upper quartile analysis, we show that 21% of the total upper ocean carbon sink (export) and 39% of fishing effort globally are concentrated in zones of intensive overlap, representing 9% of the ocean surface area. This overlap is particularly evident in the Northeast Atlantic suggesting this region should be prioritized in terms of research and conservation measures to preserve the high levels of sinking carbon. Small pelagic fish dominate catches here and globally, and their exploitation could reduce important faecal pellet carbon sinks and cause trophic cascades affecting plankton communities. There is an urgent need to recognize that, alongside climate change, fishing might be a critical influence on the ability of the ocean to sequester atmospheric CO2 . Improved understanding of this influence, and how it will change with the climate, will be important for realizing a sustainable balance of the twin needs for productive fisheries and strong carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Cavan
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotBerkshireUK
| | - Simeon L. Hill
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
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Tarzia A, Lewis JEM, Jelfs KE. High-Throughput Computational Evaluation of Low Symmetry Pd 2 L 4 Cages to Aid in System Design*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20879-20887. [PMID: 34254713 PMCID: PMC8518684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical ditopic ligands can self-assemble into reduced-symmetry Pd2 L4 metallo-cages with anisotropic cavities, with implications for high specificity and affinity guest-binding. Mixtures of cage isomers can form, however, resulting in undesirable system heterogeneity. It is paramount to be able to design components that preferentially form a single isomer. Previous data suggested that computational methods could predict with reasonable accuracy whether unsymmetrical ligands would preferentially self-assemble into single cage isomers under constraints of geometrical mismatch. We successfully apply a collaborative computational and experimental workflow to mitigate costly trial-and-error synthetic approaches. Our rapid computational workflow constructs unsymmetrical ligands and their Pd2 L4 cage isomers, ranking the likelihood for exclusively forming cis-Pd2 L4 assemblies. From this narrowed search space, we successfully synthesised four new, low-symmetry, cis-Pd2 L4 cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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19
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Garcia E, Lightley J, Kumar S, Kalita R, Gőrlitz F, Alexandrov Y, Cook T, Dunsby C, Neil MAA, Roufosse CA, French PMW. Application of direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to the histological analysis of human glomerular disease. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:438-445. [PMID: 34018698 PMCID: PMC8363924 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) following immunofluorescence (IF) imaging is a vital tool for the diagnosis of human glomerular diseases, but the implementation of EM is limited to specialised institutions and it is not available in many countries. Recent progress in fluorescence microscopy now enables conventional widefield fluorescence microscopes to be adapted at modest cost to provide resolution below 50 nm in biological specimens. We show that stochastically switched single-molecule localisation microscopy can be applied to clinical histological sections stained with standard IF techniques and that such super-resolved IF may provide an alternative means to resolve ultrastructure to aid the diagnosis of kidney disease where EM is not available. We have implemented the direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy technique with human kidney biopsy frozen sections stained with clinically approved immunofluorescent probes for the basal laminae and immunoglobulin G deposits. Using cases of membranous glomerulonephritis, thin basement membrane lesion, and lupus nephritis, we compare this approach to clinical EM images and demonstrate enhanced imaging compared to conventional IF microscopy. With minor modifications in established IF protocols of clinical frozen renal biopsies, we believe the cost-effective adaptation of conventional widefield microscopes can be widely implemented to provide super-resolved image information to aid diagnosis of human glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Garcia
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College London Photonics Satellite LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Ranjan Kalita
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Frederik Gőrlitz
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yuriy Alexandrov
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College London Photonics Satellite LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Terry Cook
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christopher Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College London Photonics Satellite LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Mark AA Neil
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College London Photonics Satellite LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Candice A Roufosse
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paul MW French
- Photonics Group, Physics DepartmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College London Photonics Satellite LaboratoryFrancis Crick InstituteLondonUK
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20
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Mobayen G, Dhutia A, Clarke C, Prendecki M, McAdoo S, Keniyopoullos R, Malik T, Laffan M, Willicombe M, McKinnon T. Severe COVID-19 is associated with endothelial activation and abnormal glycosylation of von Willebrand factor in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12582. [PMID: 34532629 PMCID: PMC8435526 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major clinical feature of severe coronavirus diease 2019 (COVID-19) is microvascular thrombosis linked to endothelial cell activation. Consistent with this, a number of studies have shown that patients with severe COVID-19 have highly elevated plasma levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) that may contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype. In the current study, we investigated the extent of endothelial activation in patients receiving hemodialysis who had either mild or severe COVID-19. METHODS Plasma VWF, ADAMTS-13, angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), and syndecan-1 levels were determined by ELISA. The sialic acid content of VWF was investigated using a modified ELISA to measure elderberry bark lectin, specific for sialic acid residues, binding to VWF. RESULTS Patients receiving hemodialysis with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher plasma levels of VWF and lower ADAMTS-13. VWF levels peaked and were sustained during the first 10 days after positive confirmation of infection. While Ang2 trended toward being higher in severely ill patients, this did not reach significance; however, severely ill patients had significantly higher soluble syndecan-1 levels, with high levels related to risk of death. Finally, higher VWF levels in severely ill patients were correlated with lower VWF sialic acid content. CONCLUSIONS Severe COVID-19 in patients undergoing hemodialysis is associated with both acute and sustained activation of the endothelium, leading to alteration of the VWF/ADAMTS-13 axis. Lower VWF sialic acid content represents altered VWF processing and further confirms the disturbance caused to the endothelium in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golzar Mobayen
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Amrita Dhutia
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Candice Clarke
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Maria Prendecki
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Stephen McAdoo
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Renos Keniyopoullos
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Talat Malik
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Michael Laffan
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Michelle Willicombe
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for Inflammatory DiseaseCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
| | - Thomas McKinnon
- Department of Immunology and InflammationCentre for HaematologyCommonwealth BuildingHammersmith CampusImperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUK
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21
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Sayers NS, Anujan P, Yu HN, Palmer SS, Nautiyal J, Franks S, Hanyaloglu AC. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induces Lipid Droplets via Gαi/o and β-Arrestin in an Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798866. [PMID: 35185785 PMCID: PMC8850301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR, represents a paradigm for receptor signaling systems that activate multiple and complex pathways. Classically, FSHR activates Gαs to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, but its ability to activate other G proteins, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling is well documented in many different cell systems. The pleiotropic signal capacity of FSHR offers a mechanism for how FSH drives multiple and dynamic downstream functions in both gonadal and non-gonadal cell types, including distinct diseases, and how signal bias may be achieved at a pharmacological and cell system-specific manner. In this study, we identify an additional mechanism of FSH-mediated signaling and downstream function in the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line. While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. The low expression levels may attribute to the lack of Gαs/cAMP signaling as increasing FSHR expression resulted in FSH-mediated activation of the Gαs pathway. Unlike prior reports for FSH-mediated Gαs/cAMP signaling, FSH-mediated Gαi/o signaling was not affected by inhibition of dynamin-dependent receptor internalization. While chronic FSH did not alter cell viability, FSH was able to increase lipid droplet size. The β-arrestins are key adaptor proteins known to regulate FSHR signaling. Indeed, a rapid, FSH-dependent increase in interactions between β-arrestin1 and Gαi1 was observed via NanoBiT complementation in Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, both inhibition of Gαi/o signaling and siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2 significantly reduced FSH-induced lipid droplet accumulation, implying a role for a Gαi/o/β-arrestin complex in FSH functions in this cell type. As FSH/FSHR has been implicated in distinct hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial cancer, analysis of the cancer genome database from 575 human endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors revealed that a subpopulation of samples expressed FSHR. Overall, this study highlights a novel mechanism for FSHR signal pleiotropy that may be exploited for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh S. Sayers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry N. Yu
- CanWell Pharma Inc., Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Stephen S. Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin C. Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aylin C. Hanyaloglu,
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22
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Bolton L, Mills C, Wallace S, Brady MC. Aerosol generating procedures, dysphagia assessment and COVID-19: A rapid review. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2020; 55:629-636. [PMID: 32478950 PMCID: PMC7300802 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Bolton
- Speech & Language Therapy ServiceImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Claire Mills
- Speech & Language Therapy DepartmentLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
- Academic Unit of Health EconomicsUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Sarah Wallace
- Speech & Language Therapy Department, Wythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Marian C. Brady
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research UnitGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK
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23
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Colige A, Monseur C, Crawley JTB, Santamaria S, de Groot R. Proteomic discovery of substrates of the cardiovascular protease ADAMTS7. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8037-8045. [PMID: 30926607 PMCID: PMC6527163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease ADAMTS7 functions in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cardiovascular system. However, its physiological substrate specificity and mechanism of regulation remain to be explored. To address this, we conducted an unbiased substrate analysis using terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS). The analysis identified candidate substrates of ADAMTS7 in the human fibroblast secretome, including proteins with a wide range of functions, such as collagenous and noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, proteases, and cell-surface receptors. It also suggested that autolysis occurs at Glu-729-Val-730 and Glu-732-Ala-733 in the ADAMTS7 Spacer domain, which was corroborated by N-terminal sequencing and Western blotting. Importantly, TAILS also identified proteolysis of the latent TGF-β-binding proteins 3 and 4 (LTBP3/4) at a Glu-Val and Glu-Ala site, respectively. Using purified enzyme and substrate, we confirmed ADAMTS7-catalyzed proteolysis of recombinant LTBP4. Moreover, we identified multiple additional scissile bonds in an N-terminal linker region of LTBP4 that connects fibulin-5/tropoelastin and fibrillin-1-binding regions, which have an important role in elastogenesis. ADAMTS7-mediated cleavage of LTBP4 was efficiently inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-4, but not by TIMP-1 and less efficiently by TIMP-2 and TIMP-3. As TIMP-4 expression is prevalent in cardiovascular tissues, we propose that TIMP-4 represents the primary endogenous ADAMTS7 inhibitor. In summary, our findings reveal LTBP4 as an ADAMTS7 substrate, whose cleavage may potentially impact elastogenesis in the cardiovascular system. We also identify TIMP-4 as a likely physiological ADAMTS7 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Biology, GIGA, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Monseur
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Biology, GIGA, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - James T B Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rens de Groot
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom.
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24
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Jennings E, Esposito D, Rittinger K, Thurston TLM. Structure-function analyses of the bacterial zinc metalloprotease effector protein GtgA uncover key residues required for deactivating NF-κB. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15316-15329. [PMID: 30049795 PMCID: PMC6166728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The closely related type III secretion system zinc metalloprotease effector proteins GtgA, GogA, and PipA are translocated into host cells during Salmonella infection. They then cleave nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor subunits, dampening activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby suppressing host immune responses. We demonstrate here that GtgA, GogA, and PipA cleave a subset of NF-κB subunits, including p65, RelB, and cRel but not NF-κB1 and NF-κB2, whereas the functionally similar type III secretion system effector NleC of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli cleaved all five NF-κB subunits. Mutational analysis of NF-κB subunits revealed that a single nonconserved residue in NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 that corresponds to the P1' residue Arg-41 in p65 prevents cleavage of these subunits by GtgA, GogA, and PipA, explaining the observed substrate specificity of these enzymes. Crystal structures of GtgA in its apo-form and in complex with the p65 N-terminal domain explained the importance of the P1' residue. Furthermore, the pattern of interactions suggested that GtgA recognizes NF-κB subunits by mimicking the shape and negative charge of the DNA phosphate backbone. Moreover, structure-based mutational analysis of GtgA uncovered amino acids that are required for the interaction of GtgA with p65, as well as those that are required for full activity of GtgA in suppressing NF-κB activation. This study therefore provides detailed and critical insight into the mechanism of substrate recognition by this family of proteins important for bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Jennings
- From the Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ and
| | - Diego Esposito
- the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa L M Thurston
- From the Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ and
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25
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Esposito D, Günster RA, Martino L, El Omari K, Wagner A, Thurston TLM, Rittinger K. Structural basis for the glycosyltransferase activity of the Salmonella effector SseK3. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5064-5078. [PMID: 29449376 PMCID: PMC5892559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Salmonella-secreted effector SseK3 translocates into host cells, targeting innate immune responses, including NF-κB activation. SseK3 is a glycosyltransferase that transfers an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety onto the guanidino group of a target arginine, modulating host cell function. However, a lack of structural information has precluded elucidation of the molecular mechanisms in arginine and GlcNAc selection. We report here the crystal structure of SseK3 in its apo form and in complex with hydrolyzed UDP-GlcNAc. SseK3 possesses the typical glycosyltransferase type-A (GT-A)-family fold and the metal-coordinating DXD motif essential for ligand binding and enzymatic activity. Several conserved residues were essential for arginine GlcNAcylation and SseK3-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activation. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed SseK3's preference for manganese coordination. The pattern of interactions in the substrate-bound SseK3 structure explained the selection of the primary ligand. Structural rearrangement of the C-terminal residues upon ligand binding was crucial for SseK3's catalytic activity, and NMR analysis indicated that SseK3 has limited UDP-GlcNAc hydrolysis activity. The release of free N-acetyl α-d-glucosamine, and the presence of the same molecule in the SseK3 active site, classified it as a retaining glycosyltransferase. A glutamate residue in the active site suggested a double-inversion mechanism for the arginine N-glycosylation reaction. Homology models of SseK1, SseK2, and the Escherichia coli orthologue NleB1 reveal differences in the surface electrostatic charge distribution, possibly accounting for their diverse activities. This first structure of a retaining GT-A arginine N-glycosyltransferase provides an important step toward a better understanding of this enzyme class and their roles as bacterial effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Esposito
- From the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Regina A Günster
- the Section of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Luigi Martino
- From the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Kamel El Omari
- the Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Wagner
- the Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa L M Thurston
- the Section of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- From the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom,
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