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Shmakova A, Tsimailo I, Kozhevnikova Y, Gérard L, Boutboul D, Oksenhendler E, Tuaillon E, Rivault A, Germini D, Vassetzky Y, Beaumelle B. HIV-1 Tat is present in the serum of people living with HIV-1 despite viral suppression. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106994. [PMID: 38447753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), individuals with HIV still face health risks, including cancers, cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases. An HIV protein, Tat, is potentially involved in these HIV-related diseases. Previous studies demonstrated circulating Tat in the blood of untreated people with HIV. Here, we measured Tat levels in the serum of cART-treated people with HIV to examine the effect of cART on Tat production. METHODS Serum samples from 63 HIV-positive and 20 HIV-seronegative individuals were analyzed using an ELISA assay that detected Tat concentrations above 2.5 ng/mL. RESULTS Among HIV-positive individuals, the Tat level ranged from 0 to 14 ng/mL. 25.4% (16 out of 63) exceeded the 2.5 ng/mL cut-off, with a median HIV Tat level of 4.518 [3.329-8.120] ng/mL. No correlation was revealed between Tat levels and CD4+ T cell counts, serum HIV RNA, p24 antigen, or anti-Tat levels. CONCLUSIONS Despite cART, circulating HIV Tat persists and may contribute to HIV-related diseases. This emphasizes the need for further research on the mechanisms of Tat action in non-infected cells where it can penetrate upon circulation in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shmakova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800 France; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - Ivan Tsimailo
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800 France
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800 France
| | - Laurence Gérard
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, 75012 France
| | - David Boutboul
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, 75012 France
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, 75012 France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Montpellier University, INSERM U1058, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Rivault
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
| | - Diego Germini
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800 France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800 France; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 119334 Russia.
| | - Bruno Beaumelle
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
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Robert L, Rivault A, Moczar M, Miskulin M, Robert AM. [Diabetes and connective tissue: demonstration of deregulation of the biosyntheses of the intercellular matrix using a biopsy method]. Journ Annu Diabetol Hotel Dieu 1976:35-44. [PMID: 1011424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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