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Meissner WG, Remy P, Giordana C, Maltête D, Derkinderen P, Houéto JL, Anheim M, Benatru I, Boraud T, Brefel-Courbon C, Carrière N, Catala H, Colin O, Corvol JC, Damier P, Dellapina E, Devos D, Drapier S, Fabbri M, Ferrier V, Foubert-Samier A, Frismand-Kryloff S, Georget A, Germain C, Grimaldi S, Hardy C, Hopes L, Krystkowiak P, Laurens B, Lefaucheur R, Mariani LL, Marques A, Marse C, Ory-Magne F, Rigalleau V, Salhi H, Saubion A, Stott SRW, Thalamas C, Thiriez C, Tir M, Wyse RK, Benard A, Rascol O. Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1176-1185. [PMID: 38598572 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2312323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS In this phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effect of lixisenatide on the progression of motor disability in persons with Parkinson's disease. Participants in whom Parkinson's disease was diagnosed less than 3 years earlier, who were receiving a stable dose of medications to treat symptoms, and who did not have motor complications were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to daily subcutaneous lixisenatide or placebo for 12 months, followed by a 2-month washout period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in scores on the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (range, 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater motor disability), which was assessed in patients in the on-medication state at 12 months. Secondary end points included other MDS-UPDRS subscores at 6, 12, and 14 months and doses of levodopa equivalent. RESULTS A total of 156 persons were enrolled, with 78 assigned to each group. MDS-UPDRS part III scores at baseline were approximately 15 in both groups. At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007). At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo. Other results relative to the secondary end points did not differ substantially between the groups. Nausea occurred in 46% of participants receiving lixisenatide, and vomiting occurred in 13%. CONCLUSIONS In participants with early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial but was associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Longer and larger trials are needed to determine the effects and safety of lixisenatide in persons with Parkinson's disease. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; LIXIPARK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03439943.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassilios G Meissner
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Philippe Remy
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Caroline Giordana
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - David Maltête
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Jean-Luc Houéto
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Thomas Boraud
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Nicolas Carrière
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Hélène Catala
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Olivier Colin
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Philippe Damier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Estelle Dellapina
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - David Devos
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Sophie Drapier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Margherita Fabbri
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Vanessa Ferrier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Solène Frismand-Kryloff
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Aurore Georget
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Christine Germain
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Stéphane Grimaldi
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Clémence Hardy
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Lucie Hopes
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Pierre Krystkowiak
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Brice Laurens
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Romain Lefaucheur
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Louise-Laure Mariani
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Ana Marques
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Marse
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Vincent Rigalleau
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Hayet Salhi
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Amandine Saubion
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Simon R W Stott
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Thalamas
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Thiriez
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Mélissa Tir
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Richard K Wyse
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Antoine Benard
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Olivier Rascol
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
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Sentilhes L, Sénat MV, Le Lous M, Winer N, Rozenberg P, Kayem G, Verspyck E, Fuchs F, Azria E, Gallot D, Korb D, Desbrière R, Le Ray C, Chauleur C, de Marcillac F, Perrotin F, Parant O, Salomon LJ, Gauchotte E, Bretelle F, Sananès N, Bohec C, Mottet N, Legendre G, Letouzey V, Haddad B, Vardon D, Madar H, Mattuizzi A, Daniel V, Regueme S, Roussillon C, Benard A, Georget A, Darsonval A, Deneux-Tharaux C. Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Cesarean Delivery. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1623-1634. [PMID: 33913639 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2028788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid has been associated with reduced postpartum blood loss after cesarean delivery in several small trials, but evidence of its benefit in this clinical context remains inconclusive. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned women undergoing cesarean delivery before or during labor at 34 or more gestational weeks to receive an intravenously administered prophylactic uterotonic agent and either tranexamic acid (1 g) or placebo. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, defined as a calculated estimated blood loss greater than 1000 ml or receipt of a red-cell transfusion within 2 days after delivery. Secondary outcomes included gravimetrically estimated blood loss, provider-assessed clinically significant postpartum hemorrhage, use of additional uterotonic agents, and postpartum blood transfusion. RESULTS Of the 4551 women who underwent randomization, 4431 underwent cesarean delivery, 4153 (93.7%) of whom had primary outcome data available. The primary outcome occurred in 556 of 2086 women (26.7%) in the tranexamic acid group and in 653 of 2067 (31.6%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.94; P = 0.003). There were no significant between-group differences in mean gravimetrically estimated blood loss or in the percentage of women with provider-assessed clinically significant postpartum hemorrhage, use of additional uterotonic agents, or postpartum blood transfusion. Thromboembolic events in the 3 months after delivery occurred in 0.4% of women (8 of 2049) who received tranexamic acid and in 0.1% of women (2 of 2056) who received placebo (adjusted risk ratio, 4.01; 95% CI, 0.85 to 18.92; P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Among women who underwent cesarean delivery and received prophylactic uterotonic agents, tranexamic acid treatment resulted in a significantly lower incidence of calculated estimated blood loss greater than 1000 ml or red-cell transfusion by day 2 than placebo, but it did not result in a lower incidence of hemorrhage-related secondary clinical outcomes. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; TRAAP2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03431805.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Sentilhes
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Marie V Sénat
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Maëla Le Lous
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Norbert Winer
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Patrick Rozenberg
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Gilles Kayem
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Eric Verspyck
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Florent Fuchs
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Elie Azria
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Denis Gallot
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Diane Korb
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Raoul Desbrière
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Camille Le Ray
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Céline Chauleur
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Fanny de Marcillac
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Franck Perrotin
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Olivier Parant
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Laurent J Salomon
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Emilie Gauchotte
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Florence Bretelle
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Nicolas Sananès
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Caroline Bohec
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Nicolas Mottet
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Guillaume Legendre
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Vincent Letouzey
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Bassam Haddad
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Delphine Vardon
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Hugo Madar
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Aurélien Mattuizzi
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Valérie Daniel
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Sophie Regueme
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Caroline Roussillon
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Antoine Benard
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Aurore Georget
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Astrid Darsonval
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
| | - Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.S., H.M., A.M.), the Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (S.R.), and the Euclid-French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN) Clinical Trials Platform, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (C.R.), Bordeaux University Hospital, and the Public Health Department, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux (A.B., A.G.), Bordeaux, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bicêtre University Hospital (M.V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trousseau Hospital (G.K.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Debré Hospital (D.K.), Port Royal Maternity Unit, Cochin Hospital (C.L.R.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (L.J.S.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University Hospital Department-Risks in Pregnancy (G.K., E.A., C.L.R., C.D.-T.), and the Maternity Unit, Paris Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Descartes University (E.A.), Paris, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (M.L.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Mère Enfant, University Hospital, and INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiology of Nutritional Adaptations, University of Nantes, Institut des Maladie de l'Appareil Digestif, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-Ouest, Nantes (N.W.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poissy/Saint-Germain Hospital, Poissy (P.R.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (E.V.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier (F.F.), INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unité 1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif (F.F.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Joseph Hospital (R.D.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université (F.B.), Marseille, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne (C.C.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (F.M.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tours University Hospital, Tours (F.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse (O.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy (E.G.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Médico-chirurgical et Obstétrical, Schiltigheim (N.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, François Mitterrand Hospital, Pau (C.B.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon (N.M.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.L.) and Pharmacy (V.D., A.D.), Angers University Hospital, Angers, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carémeau University Hospital, Nîmes (V.L.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Paris Est Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Inter-Communal de Créteil, Créteil (B.H.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Caen University Hospital, Caen (D.V.), and PPRIGO (Production Pharmaceutique pour la Recherche Institutionnelle du Grand Ouest), Brest University Hospital, Brest (V.D., A.D.) - all in France
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