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Kosiborod MN, Petrie MC, Borlaug BA, Butler J, Davies MJ, Hovingh GK, Kitzman DW, Møller DV, Treppendahl MB, Verma S, Jensen TJ, Liisberg K, Lindegaard ML, Abhayaratna W, Ahmed FZ, Ben-Gal T, Chopra V, Ezekowitz JA, Fu M, Ito H, Lelonek M, Melenovský V, Merkely B, Núñez J, Perna E, Schou M, Senni M, Sharma K, van der Meer P, Von Lewinski D, Wolf D, Shah SJ. Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity-Related Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1394-1407. [PMID: 38587233 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2313917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and are characterized by a high symptom burden. No approved therapies specifically target obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in persons with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We randomly assigned patients who had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30 or more, and type 2 diabetes to receive once-weekly semaglutide (2.4 mg) or placebo for 52 weeks. The primary end points were the change from baseline in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS; scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating fewer symptoms and physical limitations) and the change in body weight. Confirmatory secondary end points included the change in 6-minute walk distance; a hierarchical composite end point that included death, heart failure events, and differences in the change in the KCCQ-CSS and 6-minute walk distance; and the change in the C-reactive protein (CRP) level. RESULTS A total of 616 participants underwent randomization. The mean change in the KCCQ-CSS was 13.7 points with semaglutide and 6.4 points with placebo (estimated difference, 7.3 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 10.4; P<0.001), and the mean percentage change in body weight was -9.8% with semaglutide and -3.4% with placebo (estimated difference, -6.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -7.6 to -5.2; P<0.001). The results for the confirmatory secondary end points favored semaglutide over placebo (estimated between-group difference in change in 6-minute walk distance, 14.3 m [95% CI, 3.7 to 24.9; P = 0.008]; win ratio for hierarchical composite end point, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.29 to 1.94; P<0.001]; and estimated treatment ratio for change in CRP level, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.80; P<0.001]). Serious adverse events were reported in 55 participants (17.7%) in the semaglutide group and 88 (28.8%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes, semaglutide led to larger reductions in heart failure-related symptoms and physical limitations and greater weight loss than placebo at 1 year. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; STEP-HFpEF DM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04916470.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Kosiborod
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Mark C Petrie
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Javed Butler
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Melanie J Davies
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Daniél V Møller
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Marianne B Treppendahl
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Subodh Verma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Thomas J Jensen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Karoline Liisberg
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Marie L Lindegaard
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Walter Abhayaratna
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Fozia Z Ahmed
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Tuvia Ben-Gal
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Vijay Chopra
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Justin A Ezekowitz
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Michael Fu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Lelonek
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Bela Merkely
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Julio Núñez
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Eduardo Perna
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Morten Schou
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Michele Senni
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Kavita Sharma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Dirk Von Lewinski
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (M.N.K.); the School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (M.C.P.), the Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester (M.J.D.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester (F.Z.A.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.); the Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J.B.); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.); Novo Nordisk, Søborg (G.K.H., D.V.M., M.B.T., T.J.J., K.L., M.L.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev (M. Schou) - both in Denmark; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Section on Geriatrics and Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), and the University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.A.E.) - both in Canada; the College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (W.A.); the Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (T.B.-G.); Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.F.); the Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan (H.I.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.L.); the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, and CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) Cardiovascular - both in Valencia, Spain (J.N.); Instituto de Cardiologia J.F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina (E.P.); ASST (Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy (M. Senni); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.V.L.); Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (D.W.); and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.)
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Meissner WG, Remy P, Giordana C, Maltête D, Derkinderen P, Houéto JL, Anheim M, Benatru I, Boraud T, Brefel-Courbon C, Carrière N, Catala H, Colin O, Corvol JC, Damier P, Dellapina E, Devos D, Drapier S, Fabbri M, Ferrier V, Foubert-Samier A, Frismand-Kryloff S, Georget A, Germain C, Grimaldi S, Hardy C, Hopes L, Krystkowiak P, Laurens B, Lefaucheur R, Mariani LL, Marques A, Marse C, Ory-Magne F, Rigalleau V, Salhi H, Saubion A, Stott SRW, Thalamas C, Thiriez C, Tir M, Wyse RK, Benard A, Rascol O. Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1176-1185. [PMID: 38598572 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2312323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS In this phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effect of lixisenatide on the progression of motor disability in persons with Parkinson's disease. Participants in whom Parkinson's disease was diagnosed less than 3 years earlier, who were receiving a stable dose of medications to treat symptoms, and who did not have motor complications were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to daily subcutaneous lixisenatide or placebo for 12 months, followed by a 2-month washout period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in scores on the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (range, 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater motor disability), which was assessed in patients in the on-medication state at 12 months. Secondary end points included other MDS-UPDRS subscores at 6, 12, and 14 months and doses of levodopa equivalent. RESULTS A total of 156 persons were enrolled, with 78 assigned to each group. MDS-UPDRS part III scores at baseline were approximately 15 in both groups. At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007). At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo. Other results relative to the secondary end points did not differ substantially between the groups. Nausea occurred in 46% of participants receiving lixisenatide, and vomiting occurred in 13%. CONCLUSIONS In participants with early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial but was associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Longer and larger trials are needed to determine the effects and safety of lixisenatide in persons with Parkinson's disease. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; LIXIPARK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03439943.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassilios G Meissner
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Philippe Remy
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Caroline Giordana
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - David Maltête
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Jean-Luc Houéto
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Isabelle Benatru
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Thomas Boraud
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Nicolas Carrière
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Hélène Catala
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Olivier Colin
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Philippe Damier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Estelle Dellapina
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - David Devos
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Sophie Drapier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Margherita Fabbri
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Vanessa Ferrier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Solène Frismand-Kryloff
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Aurore Georget
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Christine Germain
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Stéphane Grimaldi
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Clémence Hardy
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Lucie Hopes
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Pierre Krystkowiak
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Brice Laurens
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Romain Lefaucheur
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Louise-Laure Mariani
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Ana Marques
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Marse
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Vincent Rigalleau
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Hayet Salhi
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Amandine Saubion
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Simon R W Stott
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Thalamas
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Claire Thiriez
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Mélissa Tir
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Richard K Wyse
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Antoine Benard
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
| | - Olivier Rascol
- From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.)
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