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Crowley AP, Neville S, Sun C, Huang QE, Cousins D, Shirk T, Zhu J, Kilaru A, Liao JM, Navathe AS. Differential Hospital Participation in Bundled Payments in Communities with Higher Shares of Marginalized Populations. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08655-4. [PMID: 38319498 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicare's voluntary bundled payment programs have demonstrated generally favorable results. However, it remains unknown whether uneven hospital participation in these programs in communities with greater shares of minorities and patients of low socioeconomic status results in disparate access to practice redesign innovations. OBJECTIVE Examine whether communities with higher proportions of marginalized individuals were less likely to be served by a hospital participating in Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced (BPCI-Advanced). DESIGN Cross-sectional study using ordinary least squares regression controlling for patient and community factors. PARTICIPANTS Medicare fee-for-service patients enrolled from 2015-2017 (pre-BPCI-Advanced) and residing in 2,058 local communities nationwide defined by Hospital Service Areas (HSAs). Each community's share of marginalized patients was calculated separately for each of the share of beneficiaries of Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, or dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid. MAIN MEASURES Dichotomous variable indicating whether a given community had at least one hospital that ever participated in BPCI-Advanced from 2018-2022. KEY RESULTS Communities with higher shares of dual-eligible individuals were less likely to be served by a hospital participating in BPCI-Advanced than communities with the lowest quartile of dual-eligible individuals (Q4: -15.1 percentage points [pp] lower than Q1, 95% CI: -21.0 to -9.1, p < 0.001). There was no consistent significant relationship between community proportion of Black beneficiaries and likelihood of having a hospital participating in BPCI-Advanced. Communities with higher shares of Hispanic beneficiaries were more likely to have a hospital participating in BPCI-Advanced than those in the lowest quartile (Q4: 19.2 pp higher than Q1, 95% CI: 13.4 to 24.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Communities with greater shares of dual-eligible beneficiaries, but not racial or ethnic minorities, were less likely to be served by a hospital participating in BPCI-Advanced Policymakers should consider approaches to incentivize more socioeconomically uniform participation in voluntary bundled payments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Crowley
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Health Care Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sarah Neville
- The Commonwealth Fund, New York, NY, USA
- Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chuxuan Sun
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qian Erin Huang
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Cousins
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Torrey Shirk
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jingsan Zhu
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Austin Kilaru
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Liao
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Program on Policy Evaluation and Learning, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amol S Navathe
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Health Care Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chaiyachati K, Shea J, Ward M, Nelson M, Ghosh M, Reilly J, Kelly S, Chisholm D, Barbati Z, Hemmons J, Abdel-Rahman D, Ebert J, Xiong R, Snider C, Lee K, Friedman A, Meisel Z, Kilaru A, Asch D, Delgado MK, Morgan A. Patient and clinician perspectives of a remote monitoring program for COVID-19 and lessons for future programs. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-2234197. [PMID: 36451877 PMCID: PMC9709795 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2234197/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID Watch is a remote patient monitoring program implemented during the pandemic to support home dwelling patients with COVID-19. The program conferred a large survival advantage. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 85 patients and clinicians using COVID Watch to understand how to design such programs even better. Patients and clinicians found COVID Watch to be comforting and beneficial, but both groups desired more clarity about the purpose and timing of enrollment and alternatives to text-messages to adapt to patients’ preferences as these may have limited engagement and enrollment among marginalized patient populations. Because inclusiveness and equity are important elements of programmatic success, future programs will need flexible and multi-channel human-to-human communication pathways for complex clinical interactions or patients who do not desire tech-first approaches.
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Spadaro A, Faude S, Lowenstein M, Thakrar A, Delgado M, Perrone J, Kilaru A. 282 Buprenorphine-Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal in the Emergency Department: A Case Series. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Feuerstein-Simon R, Strelau KM, Naseer N, Claycomb K, Kilaru A, Lawman H, Watson-Lewis L, Klusaritz H, Van Pelt AE, Penrod N, Srivastava T, Nelson HC, James R, Hall M, Weigelt E, Summers C, Paterson E, Aysola J, Thomas R, Lowenstein D, Advani P, Meehan P, Merchant RM, Volpp KG, Cannuscio CC. Design, Implementation, and Outcomes of a Volunteer-Staffed Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Initiative at an Urban Academic Medical Center. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2232110. [PMID: 36149656 PMCID: PMC9508658 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.32110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed nearly 6 million lives globally as of February 2022. While pandemic control efforts, including contact tracing, have traditionally been the purview of state and local health departments, the COVID-19 pandemic outpaced health department capacity, necessitating actions by private health systems to investigate and control outbreaks, mitigate transmission, and support patients and communities. OBJECTIVE To investigate the process of designing and implementing a volunteer-staffed contact tracing program at a large academic health system from April 2020 to May 2021, including program structure, lessons learned through implementation, results of case investigation and contact tracing efforts, and reflections on how constrained resources may be best allocated in the current pandemic or future public health emergencies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case series study was conducted among patients at the University of Pennsylvania Health System and in partnership with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were contacted to counsel them regarding safe isolation practices, identify and support quarantine of their close contacts, and provide resources, such as food and medicine, needed during isolation or quarantine. RESULTS Of 5470 individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 and received calls from a volunteer, 2982 individuals (54.5%; median [range] age, 42 [18-97] years; 1628 [59.4%] women among 2741 cases with sex data) were interviewed; among 2683 cases with race data, there were 110 Asian individuals (3.9%), 1476 Black individuals (52.7%), and 817 White individuals (29.2%), and among 2667 cases with ethnicity data, there were 366 Hispanic individuals (13.1%) and 2301 individuals who were not Hispanic (82.6%). Most individuals lived in a household with 2 to 5 people (2125 of 2904 individuals with household data [71.6%]). Of 3222 unique contacts, 1780 close contacts (55.2%; median [range] age, 40 [18-97] years; 866 [55.3%] women among 1565 contacts with sex data) were interviewed; among 1523 contacts with race data, there were 69 Asian individuals (4.2%), 705 Black individuals (43.2%), and 573 White individuals (35.1%), and among 1514 contacts with ethnicity data, there were 202 Hispanic individuals (12.8%) and 1312 individuals (83.4%) who were not Hispanic. Most contacts lived in a household with 2 to 5 people (1123 of 1418 individuals with household data [79.2%]). Of 3324 cases and contacts who completed a questionnaire on unmet social needs, 907 (27.3%) experienced material hardships that would make it difficult for them to isolate or quarantine safely. Such hardship was significantly less common among White compared with Black participants (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.16-0.25). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings demonstrate the feasibility and challenges of implementing a case investigation and contact tracing program at an academic health system. In addition to successfully engaging most assigned COVID-19 cases and close contacts, contact tracers shared health information and material resources to support isolation and quarantine, thus filling local public health system gaps and supporting local pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feuerstein-Simon
- Department of Family and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Katherine M. Strelau
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nawar Naseer
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kierstyn Claycomb
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Austin Kilaru
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Hannah Lawman
- Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Now with Novo Nordisk, Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | | | - Heather Klusaritz
- Department of Family and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Amelia E. Van Pelt
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nadia Penrod
- Penn Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Tuhina Srivastava
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Biomedical Graduate Studies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Hillary C.M. Nelson
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Richard James
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Moriah Hall
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Elaine Weigelt
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Courtney Summers
- Department of Family and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Emily Paterson
- Department of Family and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jaya Aysola
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center For Health Equity Advancement, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rosemary Thomas
- Center For Health Equity Advancement, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Deborah Lowenstein
- Center For Health Equity Advancement, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Preeti Advani
- Center For Health Equity Advancement, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Patricia Meehan
- Center For Health Equity Advancement, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Raina M. Merchant
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kevin G. Volpp
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Health Care Management, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Carolyn C. Cannuscio
- Department of Family and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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van der Scheun FC, Nagelkerke MCM, Kilaru A, Shridhar V, Prasad R, van der Werf TS. Stigma among healthcare workers towards hepatitis B infection in Bangalore, India: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:736. [PMID: 31640692 PMCID: PMC6805630 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With about 50 million people infected with hepatitis B (HBV) in India the burden of disease is high. Stigma has been identified to have a major negative impact on screening, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B patients. The aim of this study was to assess the stigma in nurses and physicians in Bangalore, India; studies on stigma in HBV have only been published outside of India. METHODS Semi-structured in-depth-interviews were conducted in the period of March 20th and April 16th 2018 to study stigma and other problems in the care of hepatitis B patients. Stigma was pragmatically defined as a mark of disgrace associated with having a hepatitis B infection. Thirty physicians and nurses in different clinics and hospitals across the city of Bangalore were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball effect until theoretical saturation was reached. RESULTS The following themes were identified during the interviews: feelings when treating a patient; pregnancy and marriage; confidentiality; morality; improvement in care and the difference with HIV. The most stigma was discovered in the theme morality. The majority of our participants mentioned lack of awareness as biggest obstacle in health care of hepatitis B patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first qualitative study in India exploring hepatitis B stigma among health care workers. Stigma was found in certain themes, such as morality. Though, no unwillingness to treat was found. There was a general lack of awareness amongst patients according to our participants and could jeopardize proper treatment. These results will further help in developing strategies to tackle hepatitis B in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C van der Scheun
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M C M Nagelkerke
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Kilaru
- PCMH Restore Health Center, Bangalore, India
| | - V Shridhar
- PCMH Restore Health Center, Bangalore, India
| | - R Prasad
- PCMH Restore Health Center, Bangalore, India.,Academy of Family Physicians of India (AFPI), Karnataka, India
| | - T S van der Werf
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Lowenstein M, Kilaru A, Perrone J, Hemmons J, Abdel-Rahman D, Meisel ZF, Delgado MK. Barriers and facilitators for emergency department initiation of buprenorphine: A physician survey. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1787-1790. [PMID: 30803850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Lowenstein
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Austin Kilaru
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jeanmarie Perrone
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Hemmons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Dina Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Zachary F Meisel
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - M Kit Delgado
- The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Center for Emergency Care Policy and Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Griffis HM, Band RA, Ruther M, Harhay M, Asch DA, Hershey JC, Hill S, Nadkarni L, Kilaru A, Branas CC, Shofer F, Nichol G, Becker LB, Merchant RM. Employment and residential characteristics in relation to automated external defibrillator locations. Am Heart J 2016; 172:185-91. [PMID: 26856232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is generally poor and varies by geography. Variability in automated external defibrillator (AED) locations may be a contributing factor. To inform optimal placement of AEDs, we investigated AED access in a major US city relative to demographic and employment characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective analysis of a Philadelphia AED registry (2,559 total AEDs). The 2010 US Census and the Local Employment Dynamics database by ZIP code was used. Automated external defibrillator access was calculated as the weighted areal percentage of each ZIP code covered by a 400-m radius around each AED. Of 47 ZIP codes, only 9% (4) were high-AED-service areas. In 26% (12) of ZIP codes, less than 35% of the area was covered by AED service areas. Higher-AED-access ZIP codes were more likely to have a moderately populated residential area (P = .032), higher median household income (P = .006), and higher paying jobs (P =. 008). CONCLUSIONS The locations of AEDs vary across specific ZIP codes; select residential and employment characteristics explain some variation. Further work on evaluating OHCA locations, AED use and availability, and OHCA outcomes could inform AED placement policies. Optimizing the placement of AEDs through this work may help to increase survival.
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Grande D, Gollust SE, Pany M, Seymour J, Goss A, Kilaru A, Meisel Z. Translating research for health policy: researchers' perceptions and use of social media. Health Aff (Millwood) 2014; 33:1278-85. [PMID: 24907363 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As the United States moves forward with health reform, the communication gap between researchers and policy makers will need to be narrowed to promote policies informed by evidence. Social media represent an expanding channel for communication. Academic journals, public health agencies, and health care organizations are increasingly using social media to communicate health information. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now regularly tweets to 290,000 followers. We conducted a survey of health policy researchers about using social media and two traditional channels (traditional media and direct outreach) to disseminate research findings to policy makers. Researchers rated the efficacy of the three dissemination methods similarly but rated social media lower than the other two in three domains: researchers' confidence in their ability to use the method, peers' respect for its use, and how it is perceived in academic promotion. Just 14 percent of our participants reported tweeting, and 21 percent reported blogging about their research or related health policy in the past year. Researchers described social media as being incompatible with research, of high risk professionally, of uncertain efficacy, and an unfamiliar technology that they did not know how to use. Researchers will need evidence-based strategies, training, and institutional resources to use social media to communicate evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grande
- David Grande is an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia
| | - Sarah E Gollust
- Sarah E. Gollust is an assistant professor in the Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis
| | - Maximilian Pany
- Maximilian Pany is an undergraduate student at Swarthmore College, in Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Seymour
- Jane Seymour is a graduate student in public health at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Adeline Goss
- Adeline Goss is a student at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Austin Kilaru
- Austin Kilaru is a student at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Meisel
- Zachary Meisel is an assistant professor of emergency medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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Merchant RM, Asch DA, Hershey JC, Griffis HM, Hill S, Saynisch O, Leung AC, Asch JM, Lozada K, Nadkarni LD, Kilaru A, Branas CC, Stone EM, Starr L, Shofer F, Nichol G, Becker LB. A Crowdsourcing Innovation Challenge to Locate and Map Automated External Defibrillators. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6:229-36. [PMID: 23481522 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.113.000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raina M. Merchant
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - David A. Asch
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - John C. Hershey
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Heather M. Griffis
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Shawndra Hill
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Olivia Saynisch
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Alison C. Leung
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Jeremy M. Asch
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Kirk Lozada
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Lindsay D. Nadkarni
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Austin Kilaru
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Charles C. Branas
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Eric M. Stone
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Larry Starr
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Frances Shofer
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Graham Nichol
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
| | - Lance B. Becker
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (R.M.M., H.M.G., O.S., A.C.L., J.M.A, K.L., L.D.N., A.S.K., E.M.S., F.S., L.B.B), The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (R.M.M., D.A.A.), The Wharton School (D.A.A., J.C.H., S.H.), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (C.C.B.), and Organizational Dynamics (L.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; The Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.A.A.); and University of Washington–Harborview Center for
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Chesi A, Kilaru A, Fang X, Cooper AA, Gitler AD. The role of the Parkinson's disease gene PARK9 in essential cellular pathways and the manganese homeostasis network in yeast. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34178. [PMID: 22457822 PMCID: PMC3311584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
YPK9 (Yeast PARK9; also known as YOR291W) is a non-essential yeast gene predicted by sequence to encode a transmembrane P-type transport ATPase. However, its substrate specificity is unknown. Mutations in the human homolog of YPK9, ATP13A2/PARK9, have been linked to genetic forms of early onset parkinsonism. We previously described a strong genetic interaction between Ypk9 and another Parkinson's disease (PD) protein α-synuclein in multiple model systems, and a role for Ypk9 in manganese detoxification in yeast. In humans, environmental exposure to toxic levels of manganese causes a syndrome similar to PD and is thus an environmental risk factor for the disease. How manganese contributes to neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here we describe multiple genome-wide screens in yeast aimed at defining the cellular function of Ypk9 and the mechanisms by which it protects cells from manganese toxicity. In physiological conditions, we found that Ypk9 genetically interacts with essential genes involved in cellular trafficking and the cell cycle. Deletion of Ypk9 sensitizes yeast cells to exposure to excess manganese. Using a library of non-essential gene deletions, we screened for additional genes involved in tolerance to excess manganese exposure, discovering several novel pathways involved in manganese homeostasis. We defined the dependence of the deletion strain phenotypes in the presence of manganese on Ypk9, and found that Ypk9 deletion modifies the manganese tolerance of only a subset of strains. These results confirm a role for Ypk9 in manganese homeostasis and illuminates cellular pathways and biological processes in which Ypk9 likely functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Austin Kilaru
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Antony A. Cooper
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xiong Y, Coombes CE, Kilaru A, Li X, Gitler AD, Bowers WJ, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Moore DJ. GTPase activity plays a key role in the pathobiology of LRRK2. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000902. [PMID: 20386743 PMCID: PMC2851569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with late-onset, autosomal-dominant, familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and also contribute to sporadic disease. The LRRK2 gene encodes a large protein with multiple domains, including functional Roc GTPase and protein kinase domains. Mutations in LRRK2 most likely cause disease through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. The expression of human LRRK2 variants in cultured primary neurons induces toxicity that is dependent on intact GTP binding or kinase activities. However, the mechanism(s) underlying LRRK2-induced neuronal toxicity is poorly understood, and the contribution of GTPase and/or kinase activity to LRRK2 pathobiology is not well defined. To explore the pathobiology of LRRK2, we have developed a model of LRRK2 cytotoxicity in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein domain analysis in this model reveals that expression of GTPase domain-containing fragments of human LRRK2 are toxic. LRRK2 toxicity in yeast can be modulated by altering GTPase activity and is closely associated with defects in endocytic vesicular trafficking and autophagy. These truncated LRRK2 variants induce similar toxicity in both yeast and primary neuronal models and cause similar vesicular defects in yeast as full-length LRRK2 causes in primary neurons. The toxicity induced by truncated LRRK2 variants in yeast acts through a mechanism distinct from toxicity induced by human alpha-synuclein. A genome-wide genetic screen identified modifiers of LRRK2-induced toxicity in yeast including components of vesicular trafficking pathways, which can also modulate the trafficking defects caused by expression of truncated LRRK2 variants. Our results provide insight into the basic pathobiology of LRRK2 and suggest that the GTPase domain may contribute to the toxicity of LRRK2. These findings may guide future therapeutic strategies aimed at attenuating LRRK2-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Xiong
- NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Candice E. Coombes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Austin Kilaru
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiaojie Li
- NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William J. Bowers
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TMD); (DJM)
| | - Darren J. Moore
- NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (TMD); (DJM)
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Kilaru A, Griffiths PL, Ganapathy S, Ghosh S. Community-based nutrition education for improving infant growth in rural Karnataka. Indian Pediatr 2005; 42:425-32. [PMID: 15923688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a nutrition education intervention designed to improve infant growth and feeding practices. DESIGN An intervention study using monthly nutrition education delivered by locally trained counsellors targeted at caregivers of infants aged 5-11 months. Comparison of outcomes for 2 groups--one non-intervention group of infants enrolled in 1997 that did not receive the intervention in the first year of life, and an intervention group of infants enrolled 1998-1999 that received the nutrition education. SETTING 11 randomly selected and 2 purposively selected villages of south Karnataka. SUBJECTS 138 Infants (n = 69 intervention) aged 5-11 months. METHODS Families were administered a monthly questionnaire on feeding and child care behavior, and study infants were weighed at this time, using the SECA solar scales, developed for UNICEF. Logistic regression was used to examine differences between intervention and non-intervention infants in infant feeding behavior outcomes. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement was found in weight velocity for female infants in the intervention group. These infants were also more likely to exhibit at least four positive feeding behaviors--intervention infants had a higher mean daily feeding frequency (more likely to be fed solids at least four times a day (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 1.96, 10.00), higher dietary diversity (more likely to receive a more diverse diet OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.28, 7.69), and were more likely to be fed foods suggested by the counsellors such as bananas (OR = 10.00, 95% = 2.78, 33.3) compared to non-intervention infants. CONCLUSION Nutrition education and counselling was significantly associated with increased weight velocity among girls and improved feeding behavior among both boys and girls. These results provide further evidence that community-based nutrition programs that emphasise appropriate feeding and care behavior can be used to prevent and address early childhood malnutrition in poor households.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kilaru
- Belaku Trust, 697 15th Cross Road, J.P. Nagar Phase II, Bangalore 560 078, Karnataka, India.
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