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Bernauer JC, Schmidt A, Henderson BS, Ice LD, Khaneft D, O'Connor C, Russell R, Akopov N, Alarcon R, Ates O, Avetisyan A, Beck R, Belostotski S, Bessuille J, Brinker F, Calarco JR, Carassiti V, Cisbani E, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, De Leo R, Diefenbach J, Donnelly TW, Dow K, Elbakian G, Eversheim PD, Frullani S, Funke C, Gavrilov G, Gläser B, Görrissen N, Hasell DK, Hauschildt J, Hoffmeister P, Holler Y, Ihloff E, Izotov A, Kaiser R, Karyan G, Kelsey J, Kiselev A, Klassen P, Krivshich A, Kohl M, Lehmann I, Lenisa P, Lenz D, Lumsden S, Ma Y, Maas F, Marukyan H, Miklukho O, Milner RG, Movsisyan A, Murray M, Naryshkin Y, Perez Benito R, Perrino R, Redwine RP, Rodríguez Piñeiro D, Rosner G, Schneekloth U, Seitz B, Statera M, Thiel A, Vardanyan H, Veretennikov D, Vidal C, Winnebeck A, Yeganov V. Measurement of the Charge-Averaged Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Cross Section by the OLYMPUS Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:162501. [PMID: 33961478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the average of the electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering cross sections. This lepton charge-averaged cross section is insensitive to the leading effects of hard two-photon exchange, giving more robust access to the proton's electromagnetic form factors. The cross section was extracted from data taken by the OLYMPUS experiment at DESY, in which alternating stored electron and positron beams were scattered from a windowless gaseous hydrogen target. Elastic scattering events were identified from the coincident detection of the scattered lepton and recoil proton in a large-acceptance toroidal spectrometer. The luminosity was determined from the rates of Møller, Bhabha, and elastic scattering in forward electromagnetic calorimeters. The data provide some selectivity between existing form factor global fits and will provide valuable constraints to future fits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bernauer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Schmidt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B S Henderson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L D Ice
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - D Khaneft
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - C O'Connor
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Russell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Akopov
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R Alarcon
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - O Ates
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - A Avetisyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R Beck
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Belostotski
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - J Bessuille
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Brinker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J R Calarco
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - V Carassiti
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Cisbani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Roma and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ciullo
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Contalbrigo
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R De Leo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - J Diefenbach
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - T W Donnelly
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Dow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Elbakian
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - P D Eversheim
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Frullani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Roma and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ch Funke
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gavrilov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - B Gläser
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Görrissen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D K Hasell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hauschildt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ph Hoffmeister
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Holler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Ihloff
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Izotov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - R Kaiser
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G Karyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - J Kelsey
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kiselev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - P Klassen
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Krivshich
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - M Kohl
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - I Lehmann
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P Lenisa
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Lenz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lumsden
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ma
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Maas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Marukyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
| | - O Miklukho
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - R G Milner
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Movsisyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Murray
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Y Naryshkin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | | | - R Perrino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - R P Redwine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Seitz
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M Statera
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Thiel
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Vardanyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - C Vidal
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Winnebeck
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Yeganov
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan, Armenia
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2
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Gou B, Arvieux J, Aulenbacher K, Ríos DB, Baunack S, Becker D, Capozza L, Deconinck W, Diefenbach J, Frascaria R, Gorchtein M, Gläser B, von Harrach D, Imai Y, Kabuß EM, Kothe R, Kowalski S, Kunne R, Maas FE, Merkel H, Espí MCM, Morlet M, Müller U, Ong S, Schilling E, Weinrich C, van de Wiele J, Zambrana M, Zimmermann I. Study of Two-Photon Exchange via the Beam Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry in Electron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Forward Angles over a Wide Energy Range. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:122003. [PMID: 32281834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new measurement of the beam transverse single spin asymmetry in electron-proton elastic scattering, A_{⊥}^{ep}, at five beam energies from 315.1 to 1508.4 MeV and at a scattering angle of 30°<θ<40°. The covered Q^{2} values are 0.032, 0.057, 0.082, 0.218, 0.613 (GeV/c)^{2}. The measurement clearly indicates significant inelastic contributions to the two-photon-exchange (TPE) amplitude in the low-Q^{2} kinematic region. No theoretical calculation is able to reproduce our result. Comparison with a calculation based on unitarity, which only takes into account elastic and πN inelastic intermediate states, suggests that there are other inelastic intermediate states such as ππN, KΛ, and ηN. Covering a wide energy range, our new high-precision data provide a benchmark to study those intermediate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gou
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J Arvieux
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - K Aulenbacher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Balaguer Ríos
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Baunack
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Becker
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Capozza
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Deconinck
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Diefenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Frascaria
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Gorchtein
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Gläser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D von Harrach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Imai
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E-M Kabuß
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kothe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Kowalski
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Kunne
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F E Maas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Merkel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M C Mora Espí
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Morlet
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - U Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Ong
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - E Schilling
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Weinrich
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J van de Wiele
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Zambrana
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Zimmermann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Ríos DB, Aulenbacher K, Baunack S, Diefenbach J, Gläser B, von Harrach D, Imai Y, Kabuß EM, Kothe R, Lee JH, Merkel H, Mora Espí MC, Müller U, Schilling E, Weinrich C, Capozza L, Maas FE, Arvieux J, El-Yakoubi MA, Frascaria R, Kunne R, Morlet M, Ong S, van de Wiele J, Kowalski S, Prok Y. New Measurements of the Beam Normal Spin Asymmetries at Large Backward Angles with Hydrogen and Deuterium Targets. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:012501. [PMID: 28731753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New measurements of the beam normal single spin asymmetry in the electron elastic and quasielastic scattering on the proton and deuteron, respectively, at large backward angles and at ⟨Q^{2}⟩=0.22 (GeV/c)^{2} and ⟨Q^{2}⟩=0.35 ( GeV/c)^{2} are reported. The experimentally observed asymmetries are compared with the theoretical calculation of Pasquini and Vanderhaeghen [Phys. Rev. C 70, 045206 (2004).PRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.70.045206]. The agreement of the measurements with the theoretical calculations shows a dominance of the inelastic intermediate excited states of the nucleon, πN and the Δ resonance. The measurements explore a new, important parameter region of the exchanged virtual photon virtualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Balaguer Ríos
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Aulenbacher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Baunack
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Diefenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Gläser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D von Harrach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Imai
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E-M Kabuß
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kothe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J H Lee
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Merkel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M C Mora Espí
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - U Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Schilling
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Weinrich
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Capozza
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 36, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F E Maas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.J. Becherweg 36, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Arvieux
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M A El-Yakoubi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R Frascaria
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R Kunne
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Morlet
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - S Ong
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J van de Wiele
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - S Kowalski
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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4
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Henderson BS, Ice LD, Khaneft D, O'Connor C, Russell R, Schmidt A, Bernauer JC, Kohl M, Akopov N, Alarcon R, Ates O, Avetisyan A, Beck R, Belostotski S, Bessuille J, Brinker F, Calarco JR, Carassiti V, Cisbani E, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, De Leo R, Diefenbach J, Donnelly TW, Dow K, Elbakian G, Eversheim PD, Frullani S, Funke C, Gavrilov G, Gläser B, Görrissen N, Hasell DK, Hauschildt J, Hoffmeister P, Holler Y, Ihloff E, Izotov A, Kaiser R, Karyan G, Kelsey J, Kiselev A, Klassen P, Krivshich A, Lehmann I, Lenisa P, Lenz D, Lumsden S, Ma Y, Maas F, Marukyan H, Miklukho O, Milner RG, Movsisyan A, Murray M, Naryshkin Y, Perez Benito R, Perrino R, Redwine RP, Rodríguez Piñeiro D, Rosner G, Schneekloth U, Seitz B, Statera M, Thiel A, Vardanyan H, Veretennikov D, Vidal C, Winnebeck A, Yeganov V. Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:092501. [PMID: 28306315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The OLYMPUS Collaboration reports on a precision measurement of the positron-proton to electron-proton elastic cross section ratio, R_{2γ}, a direct measure of the contribution of hard two-photon exchange to the elastic cross section. In the OLYMPUS measurement, 2.01 GeV electron and positron beams were directed through a hydrogen gas target internal to the DORIS storage ring at DESY. A toroidal magnetic spectrometer instrumented with drift chambers and time-of-flight scintillators detected elastically scattered leptons in coincidence with recoiling protons over a scattering angle range of ≈20° to 80°. The relative luminosity between the two beam species was monitored using tracking telescopes of interleaved gas electron multiplier and multiwire proportional chamber detectors at 12°, as well as symmetric Møller or Bhabha calorimeters at 1.29°. A total integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb^{-1} was collected. In the extraction of R_{2γ}, radiative effects were taken into account using a Monte Carlo generator to simulate the convolutions of internal bremsstrahlung with experiment-specific conditions such as detector acceptance and reconstruction efficiency. The resulting values of R_{2γ}, presented here for a wide range of virtual photon polarization 0.456<ε<0.978, are smaller than some hadronic two-photon exchange calculations predict, but are in reasonable agreement with a subtracted dispersion model and a phenomenological fit to the form factor data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Henderson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L D Ice
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - D Khaneft
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C O'Connor
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Russell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Schmidt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Bernauer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Kohl
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - N Akopov
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R Alarcon
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - O Ates
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - A Avetisyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R Beck
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Belostotski
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - J Bessuille
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Brinker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J R Calarco
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - V Carassiti
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Cisbani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Roma and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G Ciullo
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Contalbrigo
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R De Leo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J Diefenbach
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - T W Donnelly
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Dow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Elbakian
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - P D Eversheim
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Frullani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Roma and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ch Funke
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gavrilov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - B Gläser
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Görrissen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D K Hasell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hauschildt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ph Hoffmeister
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Holler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Ihloff
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Izotov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - R Kaiser
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Karyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Kelsey
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kiselev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - P Klassen
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Krivshich
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - I Lehmann
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Lenisa
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Lenz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lumsden
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ma
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Maas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Marukyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - O Miklukho
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - R G Milner
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Movsisyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M Murray
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Naryshkin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | | | - R Perrino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R P Redwine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - U Schneekloth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Seitz
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Statera
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Thiel
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Vardanyan
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D Veretennikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - C Vidal
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Winnebeck
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Yeganov
- Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
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5
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Balaguer Ríos D, Aulenbacher K, Baunack S, Diefenbach J, Gläser B, von Harrach D, Imai Y, Kabuß EM, Kothe R, Lee J, Merkel H, Mora Espí M, Müller U, Schilling E, Weinrich C, Capozza L, Maas F, Arvieux J, El-Yakoubi M, Frascaria R, Kunne R, Ong S, van de Wiele J, Kowalski S, Prok Y. Measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in the quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering and improved determination of the magnetic strange form factor and the isovector anapole radiative correction. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Baunack S, Aulenbacher K, Balaguer Ríos D, Capozza L, Diefenbach J, Gläser B, von Harrach D, Imai Y, Kabuss EM, Kothe R, Lee JH, Merkel H, Mora Espí MC, Müller U, Schilling E, Stephan G, Weinrich C, Arvieux J, El-Yakoubi MA, Frascaria R, Kunne R, Maas FE, Morlet M, Ong S, van de Wiele J, Kowalski S, Prok Y, Taylor S. Measurement of strange quark contributions to the vector form factors of the proton at Q2 = 0.22 (GeV / c)2. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:151803. [PMID: 19518619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in elastic electron scattering on hydrogen at backward angles and at a four momentum transfer of Q;{2} = 0.22 (Ge V / c);{2} is reported here. The measured asymmetry is A_{LR} = (-17.23 +/- 0.82_{stat} +/- 0.89_{syst}) x 10;{-6}. The standard model prediction assuming no strangeness is A_{0} = (-15.87 +/- 1.22) x 10;{-6}. In combination with previous results from measurements at forward angles, it is possible to disentangle for the first time the strange form factors at this momentum transfer, G_{E};{s} = 0.050 +/- 0.038 +/- 0.019 and G_{M};{s} = -0.14 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baunack
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Maas FE, Aulenbacher K, Baunack S, Capozza L, Diefenbach J, Gläser B, Hammel T, von Harrach D, Imai Y, Kabuss EM, Kothe R, Lee JH, Lorente A, Schilling E, Schwaab D, Sikora M, Stephan G, Weber G, Weinrich C, Altarev I, Arvieux J, El-Yakoubi M, Frascaria R, Kunne R, Morlet M, Ong S, van de Wiele J, Kowalski S, Plaster B, Suleiman R, Taylor S. Evidence for strange-quark contributions to the nucleon's form factors at Q2=0.108 (GeV/c)2. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:152001. [PMID: 15904134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons off unpolarized protons with the A4 apparatus at MAMI in Mainz at a four momentum transfer value of Q(2)=0.108 (GeV/c)(2) and at a forward electron scattering angle of 30 degrees <theta(e)<40 degrees . The measured asymmetry is A(LR)(e-->p)=[-1.36+/-0.29(stat)+/-0.13(syst)]x10(-6). The expectation from the standard model assuming no strangeness contribution to the vector current is A(0)=(-2.06+/-0.14)x10(-6). We have improved the statistical accuracy by a factor of 3 as compared to our previous measurements at a higher Q2. We have extracted the strangeness contribution to the electromagnetic form factors from our data to be G(s)(E)+0.106G(s)(M)=0.071+/-0.036 at Q(2)=0.108 (GeV/c)(2). We again find the value for G(s)(E)+0.106G(s)(M) to be positive, this time at an improved significance level of two sigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Maas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, JJ Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Maas FE, Aulenbacher K, Baunack S, Capozza L, Diefenbach J, Gläser B, Imai Y, Hammel T, von Harrach D, Kabuss EM, Kothe R, Lee JH, Sanchez-Lorente A, Schilling E, Schwaab D, Stephan G, Weber G, Weinrich C, Altarev I, Arvieux J, Elyakoubi M, Frascaria R, Kunne R, Morlet M, Ong S, Vandewiele J, Kowalski S, Suleiman R, Taylor S. Measurement of the transverse beam spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering and the inelastic contribution to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:082001. [PMID: 15783877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on a measurement of the asymmetry in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons off unpolarized protons, A( perpendicular), at two Q2 values of 0.106 and 0.230 (GeV/c)(2) and a scattering angle of 30 degrees <theta(e)<40 degrees . The measured transverse asymmetries are A( perpendicular)(Q(2)=0.106 (GeV/c)(2))=(-8.59+/-0.89(stat)+/-0.75(syst))x10(-6) and A( perpendicular)(Q(2)=0.230 (GeV/c)(2))=(-8.52+/-2.31(stat)+/-0.87(syst))x10(-6). The first errors denote the statistical error and the second the systematic uncertainties. From comparison with theoretical estimates of A( perpendicular) we conclude that piN-intermediate states give a substantial contribution to the imaginary part of the two-photon amplitude. There is no obvious reason why this should be different for the real part of the two-photon amplitude, which enters into the radiative corrections for the Rosenbluth separation measurements of the electric form factor of the proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Maas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, J.-J.-Becherweg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Gläser B, Shirneshan K, Bink K, Wirth J, Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Bartz U, Zoll B, Bohlander SK. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo balanced X;autosome translocation: Evidence for predominant inactivation of the derivative X chromosome in a girl with multiple malformations. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 126A:229-36. [PMID: 15054834 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the characterization of a de novo, apparently balanced translocation t(X;15)(p11.3;q26) detected in a girl with multiple congenital malformations. Replication banding studies on Epstein-Barr virus transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed non-random X chromosome inactivation with predominant inactivation of the derivative X chromosome. Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we located the breakpoints to a 30 kb region on the short arm of the X chromosome band p11.3 and to a 160 kb region defined by BAC RP11-89K11 on the long arm of chromosome 15. Our data suggest that the disruption/disturbance of plant homeo domain (PHD) zinc finger gene KIAA0215 or of another gene (RGN, RNU12, P17.3, or RBM10) in the breakpoint region on the X chromosome is not well tolerated and leads to the selection of cells with an active non-rearranged X chromosome.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Female
- Genes, Recessive/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant, Newborn
- Karyotyping
- Sex Chromosome Aberrations
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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11
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12
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Meins M, Schlickum S, Wilhelm C, Missbach J, Yadav S, Gläser B, Grzmil M, Burfeind P, Laccone F. Identification and characterization of murine Brunol4, a new member of the elav/bruno family. Cytogenet Genome Res 2003; 97:254-60. [PMID: 12438720 DOI: 10.1159/000066619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are involved in post-transcriptional processes like mRNA stabilization, post-transcriptional modification, and transport and have been suggested to play an important role in developmental gene regulation. We report here the cloning and characterization of Brunol4, a novel mouse cDNA closely related to the elav-type family of genes encoding for RNA-binding proteins and a subfamily recently named after the bruno gene of Drosophila. Murine Brunol4 is localized near the centromere of chromosome 18. The cDNA sequence of Brunol4 is separated by 12 introns and the size of Brunol4 may be around 250 kb due to the large size of several introns. Brunol4 expression is detectable in the developing embryo and, later on becomes mainly restricted to cerebral structures, in particular the cerebellum where it persists in the adult organism. We predict a role of Brunol4 and the respective human homologue in differentiation and maintenance of neuronal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Rosenbusch B, Schneider M, Gläser B, Brucker C. Cytogenetic analysis of giant oocytes and zygotes to assess their relevance for the development of digynic triploidy. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:2388-93. [PMID: 12202429 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.9.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to assess the role of binucleate giant oocytes for generating digynic triploidy, we studied their frequency, maturation patterns and chromosomal complements at metaphase II (MII) or after fertilization. METHODS Uncleaved, giant zygotes were incubated with podophyllotoxin and vinblastine, treated with hypotonic solution and fixed by a gradual fixation method. Giant MII oocytes were directly subjected to hypotonic treatment. The chromosomes were stained with Giemsa. RESULTS A total of 7065 oocytes were collected during the study period, of which 18 (0.26%) were classified as giant cells. When considering only those patients in whom giant cells were identified (among other normal sized cells) a giant cell frequency of 18/237 (7.6%) was found. Nine cells underwent a union of the nuclei during maturation to MII and four of them became fertilized showing two pronuclei. Seven oocytes maintained the binucleate state to MII and one of them was fertilized showing three pronuclei. Ten unfertilized cells were available for cytogenetic analysis and proved to be diploid. All five giant zygotes revealed triploidy. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that giant oocytes may play an important, yet underestimated role in causing digynic triploidy. We recommend the exclusion of giant oocytes from IVF trials and that giant cells should be discarded, even if they carry the regular number of two pronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rosenbusch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
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14
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Trappe R, Buddenberg P, Uedelhoven J, Gläser B, Buck A, Engel W, Burfeind P. The murine BTB/POZ zinc finger gene Znf131: predominant expression in the developing central nervous system, in adult brain, testis, and thymus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 296:319-27. [PMID: 12163020 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Znf131/ZNF131 protein belongs to the superfamily of POK proteins containing a BTB/POZ domain in its N-terminal part and 5 typical C2H2 zinc fingers and an additional C2HC zinc finger structure in its C-terminal region. In mouse and human two alternatively spliced transcripts are expressed from the Znf131/ZNF131 gene, resulting from intraexonic splicing. While the longer transcript encodes for three double zinc finger structures the shorter transcript lacks the region coding for the first zinc finger. Although the murine Znf131 gene is ubiquitously expressed, expression analysis applying whole mount in situ hybridization showed a predominant expression in the developing central nervous system with strongest signals in the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain areas and in the neural tube. Further dominant expression was seen in embryonic limb buds. In human adult tissues a predominant expression of ZNF131 was seen in different brain areas, i.e., the occipital and temporal lobe, the nucleus caudatus, hippocampus, and the cerebellum as well as in testis and thymus. Therefore, it is possible that Znf131/ZNF131 plays a role during development and organogenesis as well as in the function of the adult central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Trappe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, Göttingen, Germany.
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15
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Trappe R, Ahmed M, Gläser B, Vogel C, Tascou S, Burfeind P, Engel W. Identification and characterization of a novel murine multigene family containing a PHD-finger-like motif. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:816-26. [PMID: 12054543 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The genes Phf5a and Phf5b-ps are the first two members of a novel murine multigene family that is highly conserved during evolution and belongs to the superfamily of PHD-finger genes. The Phf5 gene family contains an active locus on mouse chromosome 15, region E and several processed pseudogenes on different chromosomes. The active locus, Phf5a, is expressed ubiquitously in pre- and postnatal murine tissues and encodes a protein of 110 amino acids. The protein is localized in the nucleus in a non-homogenous pattern as the nucleolar subcompartment is almost free of Phf5a. The molecular and biological functions of Phf5a are unknown up-to-date, but the systematic deletion of its yeast homolog is lethal, pointing out that the protein is required for cell viability. Interpretation of our data and review of the literature suggest both basic and essential cellular functions of the Phf5a protein, possibly acting as a chromatin-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Trappe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, Göttingen D37073, Germany.
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16
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Abstract
We have isolated a human genomic and cDNA clone that encodes a protein of 403 amino acids and belongs to the family of the FOX transcription factors (previously called HNF-3/forkhead transcription factors). The 2.7-kb transcript of the human FOXQ1 gene is expressed predominantly in the stomach, trachea, bladder and salivary gland. Additionally, overexpression of human FOXQ1 was shown in colorectal adenocarcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines. The FOXQ1 gene is located on chromosome 6p23-25. Databank analysis shows 82% homology with the mouse Foxq1 gene (formerly Hfh-1L) and with a revised sequence of the rat FoxQ1 gene (formerly HFH-1). The DNA-binding motif, named HNF-3/forkhead domain, is well conserved, showing 100% identity in human, mouse, and rat. The human protein sequence contains two putative transcriptional activation domains, which share a high amino acid identity with the corresponding mouse and rat domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bieller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Gläser B, Myrtek D, Rumpler Y, Schiebel K, Hauwy M, Rappold GA, Schempp W. Transposition of SRY into the ancestral pseudoautosomal region creates a new pseudoautosomal boundary in a progenitor of simian primates. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:2071-8. [PMID: 10484777 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.11.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated the prosimian lemur homologues for STS and SRY. FISH unambiguously co-localized STS with SHOX, IL3RA, ANT3 and PRK into the meiotic X-Y pairing region (PAR) of lemurs. In contrast to the close proximity of SRY to the pseudoautosomal boundary (PAB) on the Y chromosome in simian primates, SRY maps distant from the PAR in lemurs. Most interestingly, we were able to determine a DNA sequence divergence of 12.5% between the human and lemur SRY HMG box. This divergence directs to a 52 million year period of separate evolution of human and lemur SRY genes. Phylogenetically, this time period falls in between the times that prosimians and New World monkeys branched from the human lineage. Thus, we conclude that approximately 52 million years ago a transposition of SRY into the ancestral eutherian PAR distal to STS and PRK defined a new PAB in a simian progenitor. By this event, STS and PRK, amongst other genes, were excluded from the X-Y crossover process and thus became susceptible to rearrangements and/or deterioration on the Y chromosome in simian primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Gläser B, Yen PH, Schempp W. Fibre-fluorescence in situ hybridization unravels apparently seven DAZ genes or pseudogenes clustered within a Y-chromosome region frequently deleted in azoospermic males. Chromosome Res 1998; 6:481-6. [PMID: 9865787 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009256613348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using the technique of 'fibre-FISH' (fluorescence in situ hybridization), we describe the direct visualization of seven longer DAZ signal stretches and in addition a maximum of four isolated single DAZ signals on Y-chromatin fibres of four different individuals. These seven longer DAZ signal stretches may represent seven DAZ genes or pseudogenes, whereas the single DAZ signals may represent truncated DAZ genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Gläser B, Grützner F, Willmann U, Stanyon R, Arnold N, Taylor K, Rietschel W, Zeitler S, Toder R, Schempp W. Simian Y chromosomes: species-specific rearrangements of DAZ, RBM, and TSPY versus contiguity of PAR and SRY. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:226-31. [PMID: 9501307 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The three human male specific expressed gene families DAZ, RBM, and TSPY are known to be repetitively clustered in the Y-specific region of the human Y Chromosome (Chr). RBM and TSPY are Y-specifically conserved in simians, whereas DAZ cannot be detected on the Y chromosomes of New World monkeys. The proximity of SRY to the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is highly conserved and thus most effectively stabilizes the pseudoautosomal boundary on the Y (PABY) in simians. In contrast, the non-recombining part of the Y Chrs, including DAZ, RBM, and TSPY, was exposed to species-specific amplifications, diversifications, and rearrangements. Evolutionary fast fixation of any of these variations was possible as long as they did not interfere with male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Assum G, Pasantes J, Gläser B, Schempp W, Wöhr G. Concerted evolution of members of the multisequence family chAB4 located on various nonhomologous chromosomes. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:58-63. [PMID: 9434947 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During the last years it became obvious that a lot of families of long-range repetitive DNA elements are located within the genomes of mammals. The principles underlying the evolution of such families, therefore, may have a greater impact than anticipated on the evolution of the mammalian genome as a whole. One of these families, called chAB4, is represented with about 50 copies within the human and the chimpanzee genomes and with only a few copies in the genomes of gorilla, orang-utan, and gibbon. Members of chAB4 are located on 10 different human chromosomes. FISH of chAB4-specific probes to chromosome preparations of the great apes showed that chAB4 is located, with only one exception, at orthologous places in the human and the chimpanzee genome. About half the copies in the human genome belong to two species-specific subfamilies that evolved after the divergence of the human and the chimpanzee lineages. The analysis of chAB4-specific PCR-products derived from DNA of rodent/human cell hybrids showed that members of the two human-specific subfamilies can be found on 9 of the 10 chAB4-carrying chromosomes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the members of DNA sequence families can evolve as a unit despite their location at multiple sites on different chromosomes. The concerted evolution of the family members is a result of frequent exchanges of DNA sequences between copies located on different chromosomes. Interchromosomal exchanges apparently take place without greater alterations in chromosome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Assum
- Abteilung Humangenetik, Universität Ulm, Germany
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Toder R, Gläser B, Schiebel K, Wilcox SA, Rappold G, Graves JA, Schempp W. Genes located in and near the human pseudoautosomal region are located in the X-Y pairing region in dog and sheep. Chromosome Res 1997; 5:301-6. [PMID: 9292234 DOI: 10.1023/b:chro.0000038760.84605.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We cloned and mapped the dog and/or sheep homologues of two human pseudoautosomal genes CSF2RA and ANT3. We also cloned and mapped dog and/or sheep homologues of STS and PRKX, which are located nearby on the differential region of the human X and have related genes or pseudogenes on the Y. STS, as well as CSF2RA, mapped to the tips of the short arm of the sheep X and Y (Xp and Yp), and STS and PRKX, as well as ANT3, mapped to the tips of the dog Xp and Y long arm (Yq). These locations within the X-Y pairing regions suggest that the regions containing all these human Xp22.3-Xpter genes are pseudoautosomal in dog and sheep. This supports the hypothesis that a larger pseudoautosomal region (PAR) shared by eutherian groups was disrupted by chromosomal rearrangements during primate evolution. The absence of STS and ANT3 from the sex chromosomes in two prosimian lemur species must therefore represent a recent translocation from their ancestral PAR, rather than retention of a smaller ancestral PAR shared by mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toder
- School of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. edu.au
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Gläser B, Grützner F, Taylor K, Schiebel K, Meroni G, Tsioupra K, Pasantes J, Rietschel W, Toder R, Willmann U, Zeitler S, Yen P, Ballabio A, Rappold G, Schempp W. Comparative mapping of Xp22 genes in hominoids--evolutionary linear instability of their Y homologues. Chromosome Res 1997; 5:167-76. [PMID: 9246409 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018490713273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several genes located within or proximal to the human PAR in Xp22 have homologues on the Y chromosome and escape, or partly escape, inactivation. To study the evolution of Xp22 genes and their Y homologues, we applied multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to comparatively map DNA probes for the genes ANT3, XG, ARSD, ARSE (CDPX), PRK, STS, KAL and AMEL to prometaphase chromosomes of the human species and hominoid apes. We demonstrate that the genes residing proximal to the PAR have a highly conserved order on the higher primate X chromosomes but show considerable rearrangements on the Y chromosomes of hominoids. These rearrangements cannot be traced back to a simple model involving only a single or a few evolutionary events. The linear instability of the Y chromosomes gives some insight into the evolutionary isolation of large parts of the Y chromosomes and thus might reflect the isolated evolutionary history of the primate species over millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Gläser B, Hierl T, Taylor K, Schiebel K, Zeitler S, Papadopoullos K, Rappold G, Schempp W. High-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization of human Y-linked genes on released chromatin. Chromosome Res 1997; 5:23-30. [PMID: 9088640 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018437301461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genes within the differential region of the human Y chromosome do not recombine, and therefore the determination of their location depends on physical mapping. Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contigs spanning the euchromatic region of the human Y have become a powerful tool for the generation of an overlapping clone map. With this approach, however, complete physical mapping is difficult in Y euchromatic regions that are rich in repetitive sequences. We have, therefore, made use of the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique as an alternative strategy for physically mapping the PRKY and AMELY genes as well as the TSPY, RBM and DAZ gene families to human Y chromosomes in prometaphase and to extended Y chromatin in interphase. From our results, the following order of gene sequences in interval 3 of the short arm of the human Y chromosome is suggested: TSPY major with few RBM sequences interspersed-PRKY-AMELY-TSPY minor with few RBM sequences interspersed-cen. On the long arm, RBM sequences appear to be distributed over wide regions of intervals 5 and 6 with few TSPY sequences interspersed. Distal to an RBM signal cluster, a large cluster of DAZ signals is located with only a few DAZ and RBM signals overlapping in between the two clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Schiebel K, Mertz A, Winkelmann M, Gläser B, Schempp W, Rappold G. FISH localization of the human Y-homolog of protein kinase PRKX (PRKY) to Yp11.2 and two pseudogenes to 15q26 and Xq12-->q13. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1997; 76:49-52. [PMID: 9154127 DOI: 10.1159/000134514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the isolation of a new subfamily of serine-threonine protein kinases. This subfamily was shown to consist of at least four members. Sequencing and FISH mapping of all 4 members now reveals that the Y-homolog (PRKY) of the previously mapped PRKX gene (Xp22.3) is located in Yp11.2, in close vicinity to AMELY. The other two copies reside on Xq12-->q13 (PRKXP2) and 15q26 (PRKXP1, containing CA repeat STS D15S87) and represent pseudogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schiebel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Conrad C, Hierl T, Gläser B, Taylor K, Zeitler S, Chandley AC, Schempp W. High-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization of RBM- and TSPY-related cosmids on released Y chromatin in humans and pygmy chimpanzees. Chromosome Res 1996; 4:201-6. [PMID: 8793204 DOI: 10.1007/bf02254960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Applying two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) we simultaneously hybridized RBM- and TSPY-related cosmids to Y chromosomes in prophase and to released Y chromatin in interphase nuclei of man and pygmy chimpanzee. Whereas, even on prophasic Y chromosomes, no resolution of the overlapping RBM and TSPY signal clusters could be achieved, the RBM and TSPY signals are completely separated from each other in our maximum released Y chromatin stretches in interphase nuclei. These results unequivocally lend support to the view that the RBM and TSPY families have an interspersed organization on the Y chromosomes of man and higher apes. Thus, the distribution of RBM and TSPY signals might well go back to a common organization of these genes next to each other on an ancient Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Conrad
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiberg, Germany
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26
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Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Gläser B, Dreyer C. A naturally occurring short variant of the FTZ-F1-related nuclear orphan receptor xFF1rA and interactions between domains of xFF1rA. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9:872-86. [PMID: 7476970 DOI: 10.1210/mend.9.7.7476970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The FTZ-F1-related nuclear orphan receptors xFF1rA and B were identified previously in Xenopus laevis by cDNA cloning. In addition to two cDNAs that encode full-length receptor proteins, a third cDNA encodes a form of xFF1rA truncated at the C terminus. Transcripts encoding the short form of the receptor are present at much lower levels than mRNAs encoding the full-length receptors. Significant activation of reporter genes in xFF1rA-transfected HeLa cells requires two or more copies of a FTZ-F1-responsive element (FRE). However, in vitro, recombinant xFF1rA protein binds FRE monomers and dimers with apparently equal affinity. In cotransfection studies, full-length xFF1rA activates transcription, in contrast to xFF1rAshort. In vitro, xFF1rAshort binds to FRE with a lower efficiency than xFF1rA. A partial truncation of the E domain reduces the DNA-binding activity of domain C, suggesting that parts of the E domain might interact with the DNA-binding domain C. In parallel with the loss of DNA-binding efficiency, such truncations lead to loss of transcriptional activation. For transcriptional activation, either the A/B domain or the complete E domain is required, as shown by recombination of different domains of xFF1rA with the DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Coexpression of the truncated form xFF1rAshort decreases transcriptional activation by xFF1rA, but not by the active Gal4-xFF1rA fusion protein that contains domain E. This indicates that xFF1rAshort interferes with xFF1A by competition for FRE binding. An excess of xFF1rAshort is required, presumably due to its poor FRE-binding activity. The function of the E domain in regulating DNA-binding and transcriptional activation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ellinger-Ziegelbauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung für Zellbiologie, Tuebingen, Germany
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27
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Schempp W, Binkele A, Arnemann J, Gläser B, Ma K, Taylor K, Toder R, Wolfe J, Zeitler S, Chandley AC. Comparative mapping of YRRM- and TSPY-related cosmids in man and hominoid apes. Chromosome Res 1995; 3:227-34. [PMID: 7606360 DOI: 10.1007/bf00713047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Using chromosomal in situ hybridization it has been demonstrated that specific members of the YRRM and the TSPY families are multicopy and Y chromosome specific in hominoids. After hybridization with the YRRM-related cosmid A5F and the TSPY-related cosmids cos36 and cY91, a reverse and complementary pattern of main and secondary signals is detected on the Y chromosomes of the human, the pygmy chimpanzee and the gorilla, while the location of signals coincides on the Y chromosomes of the chimpanzee, both orang-utan subspecies and the white hand gibbon. This complementary distribution of YRRM and TSPY sequences on the hominoid Y chromosomes possibly originates from a similar sequence motif that is shared by and evolutionarily conserved between certain members of both gene families and/or repeated elements flanking those genes. Otherwise this complementary distribution could go back to a common organization of these genes next to each other on an ancient Y chromosome which was disrupted by chromosomal rearrangements and amplification of one or other of the genes at each of the locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schempp
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Reinhardt R, Graf H, Gläser B. [The odontoma from an orthodontic viewpoint]. Stomatol DDR 1984; 34:158-61. [PMID: 6597984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Gläser B, Reinhardt R, Reinhardt W. [Cross-bite in temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome]. Stomatol DDR 1981; 31:589-92. [PMID: 6948447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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