1
|
Marriott LK, Shugerman SR, Chavez A, Crocker Daniel L, Martinez A, Zebroski DJ, Mishalanie S, Zell A, Dest A, Pozhidayeva D, Wenzel ES, Omotoy HL, Druker BJ, Shannon J. Knight Scholars Program: A Tiered Three-Year Mentored Training Program for Urban and Rural High School High School Students Increases Interest and Self-Efficacy in Interprofessional Cancer Research. J STEM Outreach 2022; 5:10.15695/jstem/v5i2.06. [PMID: 37179900 PMCID: PMC10174623 DOI: 10.15695/jstem/v5i2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer research training programs build our future biomedical workforce. Training is often centered for students residing close to research institutions, making access more challenging for rural students. A cancer research training program was developed for high school students residing in five geographical regions across Oregon. Training was tiered in duration and intensity across the three years, including a one-week Introduction program and subsequent 10-week summer research training programs (Immersion and Intensive). A total of 60 students participated in in-person and/or virtual training, with Immersion students receiving mentored shadowing experiences in clinical care, public health, and outreach in their home communities. Laboratory rotations at a research-intensive institution enabled students to sample research environments before selecting an area of interest for Intensive training the following summer. Aligning with Self-Determination Theory, the Knight Scholars Program aims to build competence, relatedness, and autonomy of its trainees in biomedical sciences. The program exposed students to a wide range of interprofessional careers and collaborative teams, enabling scholars to envision themselves in various paths. Results show strong gains in interest and research self-efficacy for both Introduction and Immersion scholars, with findings highlighting the importance of representation within mentoring and training efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Marriott
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - A Chavez
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - A Martinez
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - D J Zebroski
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - S Mishalanie
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - A Zell
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - A Dest
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - E S Wenzel
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - H L Omotoy
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - B J Druker
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - J Shannon
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mason CC, Khorashad JS, Tantravahi SK, Kelley TW, Zabriskie MS, Yan D, Pomicter AD, Reynolds KR, Eiring AM, Kronenberg Z, Sherman RL, Tyner JW, Dalley BK, Dao KH, Yandell M, Druker BJ, Gotlib J, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. Age-related mutations and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 30:906-13. [PMID: 26648538 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematologic malignancy nearly confined to the elderly. Previous studies to determine incidence and prognostic significance of somatic mutations in CMML have relied on candidate gene sequencing, although an unbiased mutational search has not been conducted. As many of the genes commonly mutated in CMML were recently associated with age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH) and aged hematopoiesis is characterized by a myelomonocytic differentiation bias, we hypothesized that CMML and aged hematopoiesis may be closely related. We initially established the somatic mutation landscape of CMML by whole exome sequencing followed by gene-targeted validation. Genes mutated in ⩾10% of patients were SRSF2, TET2, ASXL1, RUNX1, SETBP1, KRAS, EZH2, CBL and NRAS, as well as the novel CMML genes FAT4, ARIH1, DNAH2 and CSMD1. Most CMML patients (71%) had mutations in ⩾2 ARCH genes and 52% had ⩾7 mutations overall. Higher mutation burden was associated with shorter survival. Age-adjusted population incidence and reported ARCH mutation rates are consistent with a model in which clinical CMML ensues when a sufficient number of stochastically acquired age-related mutations has accumulated, suggesting that CMML represents the leukemic conversion of the myelomonocytic-lineage-biased aged hematopoietic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Mason
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J S Khorashad
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S K Tantravahi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T W Kelley
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M S Zabriskie
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A D Pomicter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K R Reynolds
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A M Eiring
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Z Kronenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R L Sherman
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - J W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B K Dalley
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K-H Dao
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J Gotlib
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agarwal A, MacKenzie RJ, Eide CA, Davare MA, Watanabe-Smith K, Tognon CE, Mongoue-Tchokote S, Park B, Braziel RM, Tyner JW, Druker BJ. Functional RNAi screen targeting cytokine and growth factor receptors reveals oncorequisite role for interleukin-2 gamma receptor in JAK3-mutation-positive leukemia. Oncogene 2014; 34:2991-9. [PMID: 25109334 PMCID: PMC4324389 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of cytokine and growth factor receptor-mediated signaling in leukemia pathogenesis, we designed a functional RNA interference (RNAi) screen targeting 188 cytokine and growth factor receptors that we found highly expressed in primary leukemia specimens. Using this screen, we identified interleukin-2 gamma receptor (IL2Rγ) as a critical growth determinant for a JAK3(A572V) mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia cell line. We observed that knockdown of IL2Rγ abrogates phosphorylation of JAK3 and downstream signaling molecules, JAK1, STAT5, MAPK and pS6 ribosomal protein. Overexpression of IL2Rγ in murine cells increased the transforming potential of activating JAK3 mutations, whereas absence of IL2Rγ completely abrogated the clonogenic potential of JAK3(A572V), as well as the transforming potential of additional JAK3-activating mutations such as JAK3(M511I). In addition, mutation at the IL2Rγ interaction site in the FERM domain of JAK3 (Y100C) completely abrogated JAK3-mediated leukemic transformation. Mechanistically, we found IL2Rγ contributes to constitutive JAK3 mutant signaling by increasing JAK3 expression and phosphorylation. Conversely, we found that mutant, but not wild-type JAK3, increased the expression of IL2Rγ, indicating IL2Rγ and JAK3 contribute to constitutive JAK/STAT signaling through their reciprocal regulation. Overall, we demonstrate a novel role for IL2Rγ in potentiating oncogenesis in the setting of JAK3-mutation-positive leukemia. In addition, our study highlights an RNAi-based functional assay that can be used to facilitate the identification of non-kinase cytokine and growth factor receptor targets for inhibiting leukemic cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Agarwal
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R J MacKenzie
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C A Eide
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K Watanabe-Smith
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C E Tognon
- 1] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S Mongoue-Tchokote
- 1] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B Park
- 1] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - R M Braziel
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J W Tyner
- 1] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B J Druker
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prins RC, Burke RT, Tyner JW, Druker BJ, Loriaux MM, Spurgeon SE. CX-4945, a selective inhibitor of casein kinase-2 (CK2), exhibits anti-tumor activity in hematologic malignancies including enhanced activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia when combined with fludarabine and inhibitors of the B-cell receptor pathway. Leukemia 2013; 27:2094-6. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Beadling C, Heinrich MC, Schuff K, Druker BJ, Corless CL. Mass spectroscopy-based cancer genotyping of 800 patients enrolled in a personalized cancer medicine registry. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
6
|
Hochhaus A, O'Brien SG, Guilhot F, Druker BJ, Branford S, Foroni L, Goldman JM, Müller MC, Radich JP, Rudoltz M, Mone M, Gathmann I, Hughes TP, Larson RA. Erratum: Six-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Tyner JW, Rutenberg-Schoenberg ML, Erickson H, Willis SG, O'Hare T, Deininger MW, Druker BJ, Loriaux MM. Functional characterization of an activating TEK mutation in acute myeloid leukemia: a cellular context-dependent activating mutation. Leukemia 2009; 23:1345-8. [PMID: 19340004 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Tyner JW, Loriaux MM, Erickson H, Eide CA, Deininger J, MacPartlin M, Willis SG, Lange T, Druker BJ, Kovacsovics T, Maziarz R, Gattermann N, Deininger MW. High-throughput mutational screen of the tyrosine kinome in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2008; 23:406-9. [PMID: 18615102 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
MacPartlin M, Smith AM, Druker BJ, Honigberg LA, Deininger MW. Bruton's tyrosine kinase is not essential for Bcr-Abl-mediated transformation of lymphoid or myeloid cells. Leukemia 2008; 22:1354-60. [PMID: 18548107 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is the cause of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases with a crucial role in B-cell development, is consistently tyrosine phosphorylated in Bcr-Abl expressing murine pre B cells. BTK has been implicated in Bcr-Abl-mediated B-cell transformation and resistance to imatinib, implying that inhibiting BTK may be therapeutically beneficial. We decided to test whether BTK is a critical node in Bcr-Abl transformation and potential drug target in imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl-positive cells. We depleted BTK in Ba/F3 and 32D cells expressing native and kinase domain (KD) mutant (E255K and T315I) Bcr-Abl, using shRNA. BTK levels were reduced to <10% of controls. However, no differences in viability and cell proliferation were observed and the response to imatinib was not altered. Consistent with this, proliferation and viability were unaffected by inhibition of BTK with reversible (PC-005) and irreversible (PCI-31523) small molecule inhibitors. Lastly, BTK inhibition did not affect the ability of Bcr-Abl to transform primary murine hematopoietic cells in colony forming and B-cell transformation assays. Collectively this data argues against a critical role for BTK in Bcr-Abl-mediated leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M MacPartlin
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sherbenou DW, Wong MJ, Humayun A, McGreevey LS, Harrell P, Yang R, Mauro M, Heinrich MC, Press RD, Druker BJ, Deininger MW. Mutations of the BCR-ABL-kinase domain occur in a minority of patients with stable complete cytogenetic response to imatinib. Leukemia 2007; 21:489-93. [PMID: 17252009 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Residual leukemia is demonstrable by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who obtain a complete cytogenetic response (CCR) to imatinib. In patients who relapse during imatinib therapy, a high rate of mutations in the kinase domain of BCR-ABL have been identified, but the mechanisms underlying disease persistence in patients with a CCR are poorly characterized. To test whether kinase domain mutations are a common mechanism of disease persistence, we studied patients in stable CCR. Mutations were demonstrated in eight of 42 (19%) patients with successful amplification and sequencing of BCR-ABL. Mutation types were those commonly associated with acquired drug resistance. Four patients with mutations had a concomitant rise of BCR-ABL transcript levels, two of whom subsequently relapsed; the remaining four did not have an increase in transcript levels and follow-up samples, when amplifiable, were wild type. BCR-ABL-kinase domain mutations in patients with a stable CCR are infrequent, and their detection does not consistently predict relapse. Alternative mechanisms must be responsible for disease persistence in the majority of patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Codon/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutant Proteins/genetics
- Mutant Proteins/physiology
- Mutation
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Remission Induction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Treatment Refusal
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Sherbenou
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hochhaus A, Kantarjian H, Baccarani M, Cervantes F, Facon T, Goldberg S, Erben P, Countouriotis A, Ezzedine R, Druker BJ. Dasatinib in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib: Results of the CA180013 ’START-C’ Study. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6508 Background: Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a novel, oral, multi-targeted kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SRC kinases with proven preclinical and clinical activity against imatinib resistant BCR-ABL mutations. Methods: CA180013 is an open-label Phase II study of dasatinib in imatinib-resistant (IM-R) or -intolerant (IM-I) patients (pts) with CP-CML. Between February-August 2005, 424 pts were recruited from 75 centers worldwide. Dasatinib was given at 70 mg twice daily (BID) with dose escalation to 90 mg BID in pts lacking response, and dose reductions to 50 and 40 mg BID for toxicity. Evaluations were weekly blood counts for the first 12 weeks; bone marrow cytology and cytogenetics every 3 months. The primary endpoint was rate of major cytogenetic response (MCyR; ≤35% Philadelphia pos. metaphases) in IM-R pts. Results: Data are currently available from the first 186 pts (127 IM-R, 59 IM-I) accrued prior to May 12, 2005. Median age was 59 yrs (range 24–79); 46% were male. Median time from diagnosis of CML was 64 months. Of the IM-R pts, 72% received IM >3 yrs, and 72% had >600 mg/day of IM. Overall, 70% had received prior interferon alpha. 62 (33%) pts achieved a prior MCyR to IM. With ≥6 months of follow up, 168 (90%) pts had a complete hematologic response (CHR). MCyR were achieved in 83 (45%) pts including 40 (31%) of IM-R pts, and 43 (73%) of IM-I pts. Mutations in the BCR-ABL domain were found in 65/176 (37%) pts; 57 (88%) achieved CHR, and 24 (37%) MCyR. Molecular response analysis is ongoing. 160 (86%) pts remain on study without progression. Grade 3/4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia was reported in 83 (45%) pts and 85 (46%) pts with onset after 4–8 weeks of therapy in most pts. Temporary dose interruptions occurred in 146 (78%), and dose reductions in 96 (52%) pts with a median daily of 108 (range 19–169) mg. Non-hematologic toxicity consisted mainly of Grade 1/2 diarrhea, headache, superficial edema, and pleural effusion, with ≤2% Grade 3/4. There was no cross-intolerance between dasatinib and IM. Conclusions: Dasatinib demonstrated substantial hematologic and cytogenetic activity in IM-R and IM-I pts with CP-CML. An updated analysis of 424 pts with ≥6 months of follow up will be presented. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hochhaus
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - H. Kantarjian
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - M. Baccarani
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - F. Cervantes
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - T. Facon
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - S. Goldberg
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - P. Erben
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - A. Countouriotis
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - R. Ezzedine
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - B. J. Druker
- Med. Klinik Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Hospital Clinic I Provincial, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hosp. Reg. Univ., Lille, France; North New Jersey Cancer Assoc., Hackensack, NJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT; OHSU, Portland, OR
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Druker BJ, Guilhot F, O’Brien S, Larson RA. Long-term benefits of imatinib (IM) for patients newly diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP): The 5-year update from the IRIS study. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6506 Background: IM was proven to be superior to IFN+Ara-C for newly diagnosed patients (pts) with CML-CP (O’ Brien et al, NEJM 2003). 1,106 pts were randomized between June 2000 and Jan 2001 to either IM 400 mg or IFN+Ara-C with 553 pts to each treatment. This abstract is based on data collected up to 54 months after last patient had been recruited on IM. 60-months (5-year) data will be available for presentation. Methods: Evaluations included complete hematologic response (CHR), complete/partial cytogenetic response (CCyR/PCyR - defined as 0% / 1–35% Ph+ metaphases respectively), major cytogenetic response (MCyR=CCyR+ PCyR), major molecular response (MMR) - defined as ≥ 3 log reduction of BCR-ABL transcript levels from the standardized baseline, time to progression - defined as loss of CHR/MCyR, evolution to accelerated phase/blast crisis (AP/BC), or death due to any cause during treatment, and overall survival. Results: With a median follow-up of 54-months, 72% of the 553 randomized pts remain on initial IM treatment (5% of pts discontinued due to adverse events, 9.5% due to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect and 11% due to other reasons another 2.5% crossed over to IFN+Ara-C). Overall, the cumulative best response rates of CHR, MCyR and CCyR are 97%, 88% and 82%, respectively. The overall estimated survival was 90% (93% when censored at bone marrow transplant). An estimated 84% of pts have not progressed on treatment and 93% of pts were free from progression to AP/BC. The annual rate of progression to AP/BC of < 1% in the fourth year was lower than each of the first three years (1.5, 2.8, and 1.6%, respectively). Of the pts with MCyR at 12 months (n=436), an estimated 96% were free of progression to AP/BC at 54 months whereas it was only 81% for the 73 pts who did not achieve a MCyR at 12 months (p< 0.001). No patient with a MMR within 12 months progressed to AP/BC within 54 months. Conclusions: This analysis confirms the high rates and durability of responses to IM. Encouragingly, the rate of progression in the fourth year was lower than in each of the preceding three years. Results further demonstrate the beneficial effect of cytogenetic and molecular responses on long-term outcomes. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Druker
- HHMI/Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; University Hospital La Miletrie, Poitiers, France; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - F. Guilhot
- HHMI/Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; University Hospital La Miletrie, Poitiers, France; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - S. O’Brien
- HHMI/Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; University Hospital La Miletrie, Poitiers, France; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R. A. Larson
- HHMI/Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; University Hospital La Miletrie, Poitiers, France; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chuah C, Barnes DJ, Kwok M, Corbin A, Deininger MWN, Druker BJ, Melo JV. Zoledronate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Leukemia 2005; 19:1896-904. [PMID: 16167056 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although imatinib mesylate has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), resistance to the drug, manifesting as relapse after an initial response or persistence of disease, remains a therapeutic challenge. In order to overcome this, alternative or additional targeting of signaling pathways downstream of Bcr-Abl may provide the best option for improving clinical response. Bisphosphonates, such as zoledronate, have been shown to inhibit the oncogenicity of Ras, an important downstream effector of Bcr-Abl. In this study, we show that zoledronate is equally effective in inhibiting the proliferation and clonogenicity of both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells, regardless of their mechanism of resistance. This is achieved by the induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, through the inhibition of prenylation of Ras and Ras-related proteins by zoledronate. The combination of imatinib and zoledronate also augmented the activity of either drug alone and this occurred in imatinib-resistant CML cells as well. Since zoledronate is already available for clinical use, these results suggest that it may be an effective addition to the armamentarium of drugs for the treatment of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chuah
- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crossman LC, O'Hare T, Lange T, Willis SG, Stoffregen EP, Corbin AS, O'Brien SG, Heinrich MC, Druker BJ, Middleton PG, Deininger MWN. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region of ABL and its effects on sensitivity to imatinib. Leukemia 2005; 19:1859-62. [PMID: 16151465 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a gene polymorphism (K247R) within or close to the P-loop of BCR-ABL, which leads to the substitution of arginine for lysine. We investigated the allelic frequency of K247R by screening 157 CML patients and 213 healthy blood donors with conventional sequencing, restriction enzyme digest and single strand conformational polymorphism analysis, and found the arginine allele to be rare. Three out of five CML patients with the arginine allele of K247R failed to achieve a major cytogenetic response to imatinib, suggesting that the arginine allele may have reduced sensitivity. However, despite K247R's position in or near to the P-loop, biochemical and cellular assays of imatinib and dasatinib sensitivity showed no alteration compared to wild type. Clinicians should be aware that possession of the arginine allele of K247R does not reflect a mutation that necessitates a change in the therapeutic strategy, unless there are other signs of inadequate response to drug.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arginine
- Benzamides
- Blood Donors
- Case-Control Studies
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Crossman
- Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Demehri S, Paschka P, Schultheis B, Lange T, Koizumi T, Sugimoto T, Branford S, Lim LC, Kegel T, Martinelli G, Hochhaus A, Druker BJ, Deininger MWN. e8a2 BCR-ABL: more frequent than other atypical BCR-ABL variants? Leukemia 2005; 19:681-4. [PMID: 15703785 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Grossmann AH, Kolibaba KS, Willis SG, Corbin AS, Langdon WS, Deininger MWN, Druker BJ. Catalytic domains of tyrosine kinases determine the phosphorylation sites within c-Cbl. FEBS Lett 2005; 577:555-62. [PMID: 15556646 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic (SH1) domains of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) demonstrate specificity for peptide substrates. Whether SH1 domains differentiate between tyrosines in a physiological substrate has not been confirmed. Using purified proteins, we studied the ability of Syk, Fyn, and Abl to differentiate between tyrosines in a common PTK substrate, c-Cbl. We found that each kinase produced a distinct pattern of c-Cbl phosphorylation, which altered the phosphotyrosine-dependent interactions between c-Cbl and CrkL or phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K). Our data support the concept that SH1 domains determine the final sites of phosphorylation once PTKs reach their target proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Grossmann
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L592 Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deininger MWN, McGreevey L, Willis S, Bainbridge TM, Druker BJ, Heinrich MC. Detection of ABL kinase domain mutations with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Leukemia 2004; 18:864-71. [PMID: 14973502 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the ABL kinase domain (KD) are common in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who develop resistance to imatinib. We developed an RT-PCR-based denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) assay to detect mutations of the ABL KD. Validation experiments using mixtures of wild type and mutant amplicons showed that the D-HPLC assay could detect mutant transcripts when they represented at least 15% of the total, and was thus twice as sensitive as automated sequencing. When D-HPLC was applied to 30 cDNAs from patients with imatinib resistance that had previously been characterized for KD mutations by direct sequencing of BCR-ABL RT-PCR products, there was concordance in 97% of samples. Resequencing confirmed the original mutations in all cases. In addition, sequencing of individual clones detected a mutation in one sample that had been mutation-positive by D-HPLC but wild type by conventional sequencing. In serial samples from the same individuals, D-HPLC detected mutations as early as 260 days before hematological relapse. D-HPLC is suitable for routine clinical monitoring of CML patients for emergence of KD mutations and may be useful for optimizing therapy. Early detection of emerging mutant clones may aid in guiding decisions regarding alternative treatment options.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Benzamides
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/standards
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- DNA Mutational Analysis/standards
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins v-abl/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W N Deininger
- Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201-L592, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Dwyer ME, Gatter KM, Loriaux M, Druker BJ, Olson SB, Magenis RE, Lawce H, Mauro MJ, Maziarz RT, Braziel RM. Demonstration of Philadelphia chromosome negative abnormal clones in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia during major cytogenetic responses induced by imatinib mesylate. Leukemia 2003; 17:481-7. [PMID: 12646934 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate, an Abl-specific kinase inhibitor, produces sustained complete hematologic responses (CHR) and major cytogenetic responses (MCR) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, but long-term outcomes in these patients are not yet known. This article reports the identification of clonal abnormalities in cells lacking detectable Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome/BCR-ABL rearrangements from seven patients with chronic- or accelerated-phase CML, who were treated with imatinib. All seven patients were refractory or intolerant to interferon therapy. Six of seven patients demonstrated MCR and one patient, who had a cryptic translocation, achieved low-level positivity (2.5%) for BCR-ABL by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The median duration of imatinib treatment before the identification of cytogenetic abnormalities in BCR-ABL-negative cells was 13 months. The most common cytogenetic abnormality was trisomy 8, documented in three patients. All patients had varying degrees of dysplastic morphologic abnormalities. One patient exhibited increased numbers of marrow blasts, yet consistently demonstrated no Ph-positive metaphases and the absence of morphologic features of CML. The presence of clonal abnormalities in Ph-negative cells of imatinib-treated CML patients with MCR and CHR highlights the importance of routine metaphase cytogenetic testing and long-term follow-up of all imatinib-treated patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Benzamides
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Clone Cells/drug effects
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Trisomy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E O'Dwyer
- Division of Hematology and Ocology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland 97201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hochhaus A, Kreil S, Corbin AS, La Rosée P, Müller MC, Lahaye T, Hanfstein B, Schoch C, Cross NCP, Berger U, Gschaidmeier H, Druker BJ, Hehlmann R. Molecular and chromosomal mechanisms of resistance to imatinib (STI571) therapy. Leukemia 2002; 16:2190-6. [PMID: 12399961 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2002] [Accepted: 07/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase by imatinib (STI571, Glivec/Gleevec) is a promising new therapeutic strategy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Despite significant hematologic and cytogenetic responses, resistance occurs, particularly in patients with advanced disease. We sought to determine the underlying mechanisms. Sixty-six patients with CML in myeloid blast crisis (n = 33), lymphoid blast crisis (n = 2), accelerated phase (n = 16), chronic phase (n = 13), and BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 2) resistant to imatinib were investigated. Median duration of imatinib therapy was 148 days (range 6-882). Patients were evaluated for genomic amplification of BCR-ABL, overexpression of BCR-ABL transcripts, clonal karyotypic evolution, and mutations of the imatinib binding site in the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain. Results were as follows: (1) Median levels of BCR-ABL transcripts, were not significantly changed at the time of resistance but 7/55 patients showed a >10-fold increase in BCR-ABL levels; (2) genomic amplification of BCR-ABL was found in 2/32 patients evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization; (3) additional chromosomal aberrations were observed in 19/36 patients; (4) point mutations of the ABL tyrosine kinase domain resulting in reactivation of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase were detected in 23/66 patients. In conclusion, although the heterogeneous development of imatinib resistance is challenging, the fact that BCR-ABL is active in many resistant patients suggests that the chimeric oncoprotein remains a good therapeutic target. However, patients with clonal evolution are more likely to have BCR-ABL-independent mechanisms of resistance. The observations warrant trials combining imatinib with other agents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Chromosome Aberrations/drug effects
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hochhaus
- III. Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The treatment recommendations for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are evolving rapidly. In the past year, pegylated interferon and STI571 (Gleevec, imatinib mesylate), a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, have become commercially available and non-myeloablative stem cell transplants continue to be refined. Clinicians and patients face a bewildering array of treatment options for CML. In this article Dr. Sawyer reviews the clinical results with STI571 and ongoing investigations into mechanisms of resistance to STI571. Given the newness of STI571, a practical overview on the administration of STI571 is presented by Drs. Druker and Ford, focusing on aspects such as optimal dose, management of common side effects, and potential drug interactions. The most recent data on interferon-based regimens are reviewed by Dr. Baccarani in the third section. In the last section Dr. Goldman presents recent results of allogeneic stem cell transplants, including the reduced intensity conditioning regimens. Lastly, the proposed place of each of these treatments in the management of CML patients is addressed to assist in deciding amongst treatment options for CML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201-3098, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
La Rosée P, O'Dwyer ME, Druker BJ. Insights from pre-clinical studies for new combination treatment regimens with the Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec) in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a translational perspective. Leukemia 2002; 16:1213-9. [PMID: 12094245 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2002] [Accepted: 03/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clinical phase I/II studies with the Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec, formerly STI571) for the treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) demonstrated the safety and the remarkable efficacy of this molecularly targeted agent. However, a significant proportion of patients treated in the chronic phase of the disease after having failed interferon alpha (IFN) remain predominantly Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph(+)), suggesting a risk of later relapses. Furthermore, results in blast crisis patients revealed a high frequency of relapses or resistance to imatinib. To circumvent resistance, improve response rates, or prolong survival, pre-clinical evaluations of combinations of imatinib with other agents have been pursued. Some of these have already been translated into clinical studies. Here, we first summarize evidence from pre-clinical studies on new combination regimens with imatinib in the treatment of CML. Second, we analyze preliminary clinical data of ongoing combination studies. Finally, we provide a summary of approaches that use novel antileukemic agents with molecularly characterized modes of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P La Rosée
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Portland 97201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SWSam Jackson Park Road, L592, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Druker BJ. Investigator profile. Brian J. Druker, M.D. Interview by Vicki P. Glaser. J Hematother Stem Cell Res 2001; 10:721-4. [PMID: 11798498 DOI: 10.1089/152581601317210818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The choice of primary treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) diagnosed in chronic phase has become exceedingly difficult. There is little doubt that allogeneic stem cell transplantation can eradicate the leukemia and that a graft-versus-leukemia effect makes a major contribution to this result; conversely, only a minority of patients are eligible for transplantation, which still carries an appreciable risk for death or protracted illness. For most patients, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) prolongs life to some degree in comparison with hydroxyurea, but it is associated with considerable toxicity. The newly introduced tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 induces complete hematologic remission in almost all patients and is associated with a very high rate of cytogenetic response; its capacity to prolong life in comparison with IFN-alpha is not yet established. Here are reviewed some factors that predict survival after nontransplantation therapy and after allografting for CML in chronic phase. Two contrasting options are considered for managing the patient with newly diagnosed disease, and it can be concluded that, for now, allogeneic stem cell transplantation soon after diagnosis should continue to be offered as an option for selected patients. Further experience with the use of STI571 as a single agent or in combination with other antileukemic agents may alter the picture in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Goldman
- Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hochhaus A, Kreil S, Corbin A, La Rosée P, Lahaye T, Berger U, Cross NC, Linkesch W, Druker BJ, Hehlmann R, Gambacorti- Passerini C, Corneo G, D'Incalci M. Roots of clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy. Science 2001; 293:2163. [PMID: 11569495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Point Mutation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hochhaus
- III. Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Binding Sites
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Drug Resistance
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Models, Molecular
- Piperazines/chemical synthesis
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Buchdunger
- Novartis Pharma AG, Research Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Therapeutic agent STI571 (signal transduction inhibitor number 571) is a rationally developed, potent, and selective inhibitor for abl tyrosine kinases, including bcr-abl, as well c-kit and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Results of clinical trials to date have demonstrated the crucial role of the bcr-abl tyrosine kinase in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) pathogenesis and the potential of anticancer agents designed to target specific molecular abnormalities in human cancer. An initial phase I study of STI571 included 83 Ph(+) CML patients who had failed interferon-based therapy. Patients were required to be in chronic phase, defined liberally as less than 15% blasts in blood or bone marrow. Patients were treated with once-daily oral doses of STI571 in 14 successive dose cohorts ranging from 25-1,000 mg. In this phase I study, no dose-limiting toxicity was encountered and toxicity at all dose levels was minimal. The threshold for a maximally effective dose was found at 300 mg; for patients treated at or above this level, complete hematologic response was seen in 98% of patients, with complete cytogenetic responses in 13% and major cytogenetic responses in 31%. With a median duration of follow-up of 310 days, ongoing responses are evident in 96% of patients. In the phase II study of the accelerated phase of CML, 233 patients were treated with either 400 or 600 mg of STI571. With similar follow-up to the chronic phase trial, 91% of patients showed a hematological response; 63% of patients achieved a complete hematological response but not all patients had recovery of peripheral blood counts. In addition to the phase II clinical trials with STI571, a phase III trial randomizing newly diagnosed patients to either interferon with low-dose s.c. cytosine arabinoside versus STI571 is ongoing; this trial accrued rapidly and data collection is ongoing. Integration of STI571 into CML treatment algorithms will require long-term follow-up data from the ongoing phase II and III clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Mauro
- Leukemia Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mauro MJ, O'Dwyer ME, Druker BJ. ST1571, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia: validating the promise of molecularly targeted therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2001; 48 Suppl 1:S77-8. [PMID: 11587372 DOI: 10.1007/s002800100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl fusion protein has been established as the causative molecular event in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Thus the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase is an ideal target for pharmacologic inhibition. ST1571 (formerly CGP57148B), is an Abl-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor that in preclinical studies selectively kills Bcr-Abl-containing cells in vitro and in vivo. The results of clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of molecularly targeted therapies, and ST1571 is emerging as a new therapeutic agent for CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Mauro
- Leukemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein is the cause of malignant transformation in almost all cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), making BCR-ABL an ideal target for pharmacological inhibition. Signal transduction inhibitor (STI571) (formerly CGP57 148B), is an ABL specific, tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In preclinical studies, it has been shown to selectively kill BCR-ABL expressing cells, both in-vitro and in vivo. The results of clinical studies to date are highly encouraging and STI571 promises to be an important addition to the therapy of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E O'Dwyer
- Leukaemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Druker BJ. Current treatment approaches for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer J 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S14-8. [PMID: 11504279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that progresses through distinct phases characterized by progressive loss of the differentiation of the malignant clone. Over the past 4 decades, it has been established that the Bcr-Abl protein, created as a consequence of a (9:22) chromosomal translocation, is the cause of the disease. Bcr-Abl functions as a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase, and this kinase activity is absolutely required for the transforming function of the Bcr-Abl protein. Thus, a specific inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase would be predicted to be an effective and selective therapeutic agent for CML. STI571, an Abl-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown remarkable activity in all phases of CML. The clinical features, molecular pathogenesis, and current treatment options of CML are reviewed along with the development of STI571, the phase I clinical results, and the application of this paradigm to other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Leukemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 exemplifies the successful development of a rationally designed, molecularly targeted therapy for the treatment of cancer. This review details the steps in the development of this agent and highlights why this drug has been so successful in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Future directions including the mechanisms and management of resistance and new therapeutic strategies are discussed. Finally, the literature supporting the use of STI571 in other malignancies, including solid tumors is briefly reviewed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Design
- Drug Evaluation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E O'Dwyer
- Leukemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University L592, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem-cell disorder characterized by the (9:22) translocation and resultant production of the constitutively activated bcr-abl tyrosine kinase. Characterized clinically by marked myeloid proliferation, it invariably terminates in an acute leukemia. Conventional therapeutic options include interferon-based regimens and stem-cell transplantation, with stem-cell transplantation being the only curative therapy. Through rational drug development, STI571, a bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as a paradigm for gene product-targeted therapy, offering new hope for expanded treatment options for patients with CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Mauro
- Leukemia Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, OP28, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, Peng B, Buchdunger E, Ford JM, Lydon NB, Kantarjian H, Capdeville R, Ohno-Jones S, Sawyers CL. Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1031-7. [PMID: 11287972 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200104053441401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3548] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCR-ABL is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that causes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Since tyrosine kinase activity is essential to the transforming function of BCR-ABL, an inhibitor of the kinase could be an effective treatment for CML. METHODS We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalating trial of STI571 (formerly known as CGP 57148B), a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. STI571 was administered orally to 83 patients with CML in the chronic phase in whom treatment with interferon alfa had failed. Patients were successively assigned to 1 of 14 doses ranging from 25 to 1000 mg per day. RESULTS Adverse effects of STI571 were minimal; the most common were nausea, myalgias, edema, and diarrhea. A maximal tolerated dose was not identified. Complete hematologic responses were observed in 53 of 54 patients treated with daily doses of 300 mg or more and typically occurred in the first four weeks of therapy. Of the 54 patients treated with doses of 300 mg or more, cytogenetic responses occurred in 29, including 17 (31 percent of the 54 patients who received this dose) with major responses (0 to 35 percent of cells in metaphase positive for the Philadelphia chromosome); 7 of these patients had complete cytogenetic remissions. CONCLUSIONS STI571 is well tolerated and has significant antileukemic activity in patients with CML in whom treatment with interferon alfa had failed. Our results provide evidence of the essential role of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity in CML and demonstrate the potential for the development of anticancer drugs based on the specific molecular abnormality present in a human cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Benzamides
- Blood Cell Count
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phosphorylation
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/adverse effects
- Piperazines/pharmacokinetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/adverse effects
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Druker BJ, Sawyers CL, Kantarjian H, Resta DJ, Reese SF, Ford JM, Capdeville R, Talpaz M. Activity of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1038-42. [PMID: 11287973 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200104053441402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1911] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCR-ABL, a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase, is the product of the Philadelphia chromosome. This enzyme is present in virtually all cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) throughout the course of the disease, and in 20 percent of cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). On the basis of the substantial activity of the inhibitor in patients in the chronic phase, we evaluated STI571 (formerly known as CGP 57148B), a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, in patients who had CML in blast crisis and in patients with ALL who had the Ph chromosome. METHODS In this dose-escalating pilot study, 58 patients were treated with STI571; 38 patients had a myeloid blast crisis and 20 had ALL or a lymphoid blast crisis. Treatment was given orally at daily doses ranging from 300 to 1000 mg. RESULTS Responses occurred in 21 of 38 patients (55 percent) with a myeloid-blast-crisis phenotype; 4 of these 21 patients had a complete hematologic response. Of 20 patients with a lymphoid blast crisis or ALL, 14 (70 percent) had a response, including 4 who had complete responses. Seven patients with a myeloid blast crisis continue to receive treatment and remain in remission from 101 to 349 days after starting the treatment. All but one patient with a lymphoid blast crisis or ALL has relapsed. The most frequent adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, edema, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 is well tolerated and has substantial activity in the blast crises of CML and in Ph-positive ALL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis/blood
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/enzymology
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Blood Cell Count
- Disease-Free Survival
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Pilot Projects
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/adverse effects
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/enzymology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/adverse effects
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guris DL, Fantes J, Tara D, Druker BJ, Imamoto A. Mice lacking the homologue of the human 22q11.2 gene CRKL phenocopy neurocristopathies of DiGeorge syndrome. Nat Genet 2001; 27:293-8. [PMID: 11242111 DOI: 10.1038/85855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions within human chromosome 22q11 are the genetic basis of DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), the most common deletion syndrome (1 in 4,000 live births) in humans. CRKL maps within the common deletion region for DGS/VCFS (ref. 2) and encodes an SH2-SH3-SH3 adapter protein closely related to the Crk gene products. Here we report that mice homozygous for a targeted null mutation at the CrkL locus (gene symbol Crkol for mice) exhibit defects in multiple cranial and cardiac neural crest derivatives including the cranial ganglia, aortic arch arteries, cardiac outflow tract, thymus, parathyroid glands and craniofacial structures. We show that the migration and early expansion of neural crest cells is unaffected in Crkol-/- embryos. These results therefore indicate an essential stage- and tissue-specific role for Crkol in the function, differentiation, and/or survival of neural crest cells during development. The similarity between the Crkol-/- phenotype and the clinical manifestations of DGS/VCFS implicate defects in CRKL-mediated signaling pathways as part of the molecular mechanism underlying this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Guris
- The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by the (9:22) translocation and resultant production of the constitutively activated bcr-abl tyrosine kinase. Characterized clinically by marked myeloid proliferation, it invariably terminates in an acute leukemia. Interferon-based regimens and stem cell transplantations are the standard therapeutic options, with stem cell transplantation being the only curative therapy. As therapy for CML improves, molecular methods of monitoring response will become integrated in patient treatment. Through rational drug development, STI571, a bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as targeted therapy that offers new hope for expanded treatment options for patients with CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Mauro
- Leukemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein has been established as the causative molecular event in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Thus, the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is an ideal target for pharmacological inhibition. STI571 (formerly CGP57148B), is an ABL-specific inhibitor of tyrosine kinase that, in preclinical studies, selectively killed BCR-ABL-containing cells in vitro and in vivo. Clinical studies have shown the potential of this specifically targeted therapy, and STI571 is emerging as an important new therapeutic agent for chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E O'Dwyer
- Leukemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The bcr-abl fusion protein is present in the vast majority of cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia, and the deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of this protein is essential for leukemic transformation. Thus, bcr-abl is an ideal target for pharmacologic inhibition. In preclinical studies, ST1571 (formerly CGP57148B), an abl-specific, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, selectively killed bcr-abl-expressing cells both in vitro and in vivo. In early clinical trials of ST1571, encouraging results have been obtained, and there is already a suggestion that ST1571 may soon need to be incorporated into treatment algorithms for chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E O'Dwyer
- Leukemia Program, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Thiesing JT, Ohno-Jones S, Kolibaba KS, Druker BJ. Efficacy of STI571, an abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in conjunction with other antileukemic agents against bcr-abl-positive cells. Blood 2000; 96:3195-9. [PMID: 11050003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a malignancy of a hematopoietic stem cell, is caused by the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. STI571(formerly CGP 57148B), an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has specific in vitro antileukemic activity against Bcr-Abl-positive cells and is currently in Phase II clinical trials. As it is likely that resistance to a single agent would be observed, combinations of STI571 with other antileukemic agents have been evaluated for activity against Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines and in colony-forming assays in vitro. The specific antileukemic agents tested included several agents currently used for the treatment of CML: interferon-alpha (IFN), hydroxyurea (HU), daunorubicin (DNR), and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). In proliferation assays that use Bcr-Abl-expressing cells lines, the combination of STI571 with IFN, DNR, and Ara-C showed additive or synergistic effects, whereas the combination of STI571 and HU demonstrated antagonistic effects. However, in colony-forming assays that use CML patient samples, all combinations showed increased antiproliferative effects as compared with STI571 alone. These data indicate that combinations of STI571 with IFN, DNR, or Ara-C may be more useful than STI571 alone in the treatment of CML and suggest consideration of clinical trials of these combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Thiesing
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Buchdunger E, Cioffi CL, Law N, Stover D, Ohno-Jones S, Druker BJ, Lydon NB. Abl protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000; 295:139-45. [PMID: 10991971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STI571 (formerly known as CGP 57148B) is a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. STI571 selectively inhibits the Abl and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine kinases in vitro and blocks cellular proliferation and tumor growth of Bcr-abl- or v-abl-expressing cells. We have further investigated the profile of STI571 against related receptor tyrosine kinases. STI571 was found to potently inhibit the kinase activity of the alpha- and beta-PDGF receptors and the receptor for stem cell factor, but not the closely related c-Fms, Flt-3, Kdr, Flt-1, and Tek tyrosine kinases. Additionally, no inhibition of c-Met or nonreceptor tyrosine kinases such as Src and Jak-2 has been observed. In cell-based assays, STI571 selectively inhibited PDGF and stem cell factor-mediated cellular signaling, including ligand-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation, inositol phosphate formation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and proliferation. These results expand the profile of STI571 and suggest that in addition to chronic myelogenous leukemia, STI571 may have clinical potential in the treatment of diseases that involve abnormal activation of c-Kit or PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Buchdunger
- Novartis Pharma AG, Oncology Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Heinrich MC, Griffith DJ, Druker BJ, Wait CL, Ott KA, Zigler AJ. Inhibition of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase activity by STI 571, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Blood 2000; 96:925-32. [PMID: 10910906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STI 571 (formerly known as CGP 57148B) is a known inhibitor of the c-abl, bcr-abl, and platelet-derived growth-factor receptor (PDGFR) tyrosine kinases. This compound is being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. We sought to extend the activity profile of STI 571 by testing its ability to inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of c-kit, a receptor structurally similar to PDGFR. We treated a c-kit expressing a human myeloid leukemia cell line, M-07e, with STI 571 before stimulation with Steel factor (SLF). STI 571 inhibited c-kit autophosphorylation, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and activation of Akt without altering total protein levels of c-kit, MAP kinase, or Akt. The concentration that produced 50% inhibition for these effects was approximately 100 nmol/L. STI 571 also significantly decreased SLF-dependent growth of M-07e cells in a dose-dependent manner and blocked the antiapoptotic activity of SLF. In contrast, the compound had no effect on MAP kinase activation or cellular proliferation in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We also tested the activity of STI 571 in a human mast cell leukemia cell line (HMC-1), which has an activated mutant form of c-kit. STI 571 had a more potent inhibitory effect on the kinase activity of this mutant receptor than it did on ligand-dependent activation of the wild-type receptor. These findings show that STI 571 selectively inhibits c-kit tyrosine kinase activity and downstream activation of target proteins involved in cellular proliferation and survival. This compound may be useful in treating cancers associated with increased c-kit kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Heinrich
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alsayed Y, Modi S, Uddin S, Mahmud N, Druker BJ, Fish EN, Hoffman R, Platanias LC. All-trans-retinoic acid induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the CrkL adapter in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2000; 28:826-32. [PMID: 10907644 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a potent inducer of differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in vitro and in vivo. It also exhibits synergistic effects with interferons on the induction of differentiation and growth inhibition in vitro. Recent studies showed that interferons engage a signaling pathway involving the CBL proto-oncogene and the CrkL adapter, which mediates interferon-induced growth inhibitory signals. The objective of this study was to determine whether the CBL-CrkL pathway is activated by treatment of the NB-4 and HL-60 acute leukemia cell lines with RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of RA treatment on CBL and CrkL phosphorylation, as well as on protein-protein interactions, were determined in studies involving immunoprecipitations of cell extracts with specific antibodies and Western blots. In addition, glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins were used in binding studies to determine whether the SH2 domain of CrkL interacts with CBL in a RA-dependent manner and whether Rapl is activated by RA. RESULTS Treatment of NB-4 or HL-60 cells with RA resulted in strong tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, which was time and dose dependent. Similarly, RA induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the CrkL adapter and the association of CrkL with CBL. The RA-dependent interaction of CrkL with CBL was mediated by binding of the SH2 domain of CrkL to tyrosine phosphorylated CBL, suggesting that CBL provides a docking site for engagement of CrkL in a RA-activated cellular pathway. The guanine exchange factor C3G was found to be associated with CrkL at similar levels before and after RA treatment, but Rapl activation downstream of C3G was not inducible by RA. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the CBL-CrkL pathway is one of the mediators of the effects of RA on APL cells and suggest that one of the mechanisms of synergy between RA and interferons may involve regulation of components of this signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Alsayed
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago and West Side Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wilbanks AM, Mahajan S, Frank DA, Druker BJ, Gilliland DG, Carroll M. TEL/PDGFbetaR fusion protein activates STAT1 and STAT5: a common mechanism for transformation by tyrosine kinase fusion proteins. Exp Hematol 2000; 28:584-93. [PMID: 10812249 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TEL/PDGFbetaR is a tyrosine kinase fusion protein associated with the pathogenesis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The following experiments were undertaken to understand the mechanisms whereby TEL/PDGFbetaR transforms cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Activation of JAK and STAT proteins was studied in an interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, Ba/F3, transformed to IL-3 independence by TEL/PDGFbetaR. RESULTS TEL/PDGFbetaR activates STAT1 and STAT5 in transformed Ba/F3 cells through a JAK-independent pathway. Activation of STAT proteins requires the kinase activity of TEL/PDGFbetaR. JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 are not phosphorylated by TEL/PDGFbetaR. However, TEL/PDGFbetaR can phosphorylate STAT5 in transiently transfected COS cells, suggesting that TEL/PDGFbetaR may itself be the kinase involved in tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT proteins. In contrast, native PDGFbetaR stimulated by PDGF ligand does not activate STAT proteins to a significant degree in this hematopoietic context. STAT1 and STAT5 also are activated by TEL/ABL and TEL/JAK2 fusion proteins associated with human leukemia. CONCLUSIONS STAT activation may be a common mechanism of transformation by leukemogenic tyrosine kinase fusion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Wilbanks
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rao N, Lupher ML, Ota S, Reedquist KA, Druker BJ, Band H. The linker phosphorylation site Tyr292 mediates the negative regulatory effect of Cbl on ZAP-70 in T cells. J Immunol 2000; 164:4616-26. [PMID: 10779765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protooncogene product Cbl has emerged as a negative regulator of tyrosine kinases. We have shown previously that Cbl binds to ZAP-70 through its N-terminal tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) domain. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of Cbl in Jurkat T cells decreases the TCR-induced phosphorylation of ZAP-70 and other cellular phosphoproteins. Coexpression of Cbl with ZAP-70 in COS cells reproduced the Cbl-induced reduction in the level of phosphorylated ZAP-70. The effect of Cbl was eliminated by the TKB-inactivating G306E mutation in Cbl as well as by a phenylalanine mutation of Tyr292 within the TKB domain binding site on ZAP-70. Notably, the oncogenic Cbl-70Z/3 mutant associated with ZAP-70, but did not reduce the levels of phosphorylated ZAP-70. Overexpression of Cbl, but not Cbl-G306E, in Jurkat T cells led to a decrease in the TCR-induced NF-AT luciferase reporter activity. Overexpression of the TKB domain itself, but not its G306E mutant, functioned in a dominant-negative manner and led to an increase in NF-AT reporter activity. Cbl-70Z/3-overexpressing cells exhibited an increase in both basal and TCR-induced NF-AT luciferase reporter activity, and this trend was reversed by the G306E mutation. Finally, by reconstituting a ZAP-70-deficient Jurkat T cell line, p116, we demonstrate that wild-type ZAP-70 is susceptible to the negative regulatory effect of Cbl, whereas the ZAP-70-Y292F mutant is resistant. Together, our results establish that the linker phosphorylation site Tyr292 mediates the negative regulatory effect of Cbl on ZAP-70 in T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rao
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oda A, Ikeda Y, Ochs HD, Druker BJ, Ozaki K, Handa M, Ariga T, Sakiyama Y, Witte ON, Wahl MI. Rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Bruton's tyrosine/Tec kinases in platelets induced by collagen binding or CD32 cross-linking. Blood 2000; 95:1663-70. [PMID: 10688822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the platelet nonintegrin collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI, evokes a signaling response similar to that induced by antigen receptor activation in B and T lymphocytes. A key transducer of the lymphocyte signaling pathways is the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)/Tec kinase family, which connects receptors to the elevation of intracellular-free calcium levels. An important signaling function for Btk in collagen-induced platelet activation in vitro was recently demonstrated by other researchers using Btk-deficient platelets from patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Since Btk-deficiency does not induce an overt platelet-based bleeding disorder in vivo, collagen receptor responses may include other Btk/Tec kinase family members in normal platelets. Both Btk and Tec had increased tyrosine following stimulation of collagen receptors or CD32 cross-linking. Data from kinetic analyses and inhibitor studies and the use of phosphopeptide-specific antibodies recognizing 2 Btk regulatory phosphorylated tyrosine residues suggest a mechanism for coordinate recruitment of Btk and Tec through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif, Src family kinases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In XLA platelets, collagen treatment increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Tec and several other signaling proteins, including Lyn, Fyb, Slp-76, and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein. This indicates that important elements of the collagen signaling pathway proximal and distal to Btk and Tec are preserved despite the lack of functional Btk. The results are consistent with the conclusion that activation of Tec may sustain XLA platelet function in vivo, while some in vitro assays of nonintegrin collagen receptor signaling through the Btk/Tec kinase family reflect the additive dosage of the transducers. (Blood. 2000;95:1663-1670)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Oda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Blood Center, Keio University, Keio, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify tyrosine phosphorylated proteins that interact with CrkL in Bcr-Abl-expressing cells and analyze the function of that association. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunoprecipitation of CrkL was performed on lysates from parental cells (Rat-1, MO7e, or 32D) or Bcr-Abl-expressing cells (Rat-1p185, MO7p210, 32Dp210, K562) followed by immunoblotting for pTyr, Stat5, or CrkL. Interactions were confirmed in vitro using GST-CrkL fusion proteins. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed on K562 nuclear extracts using a beta-casein promoter-derived probe. Supershift analysis was performed with CrkL, Stat5, Stat1, Grb2, and peptide-blocked CrkL and Stat5 antibodies. CrkL localization in Rat-1 and Rat-1p185 cells was detected with indirect immunofluorescence. Transcriptional activation was analyzed in COS7 cells transfected with a Stat-responsive luciferase reporter construct and Bcr-Abl, kinase-defective Bcr-Abl, CrkL, or Grb2. RESULTS We show that, in Bcr-Abl-expressing cells, CrkL+ interacts with tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5. Additionally, in the presence of Bcr-Abl, CrkL is found in the nucleus, can be detected in a Stat5/DNA complex, and increases transcriptional activation from a Stat-responsive reporter construct. CONCLUSION This suggests a novel role for CrkL, functioning as a nuclear adaptor protein that can associate with and activate Stat proteins in Bcr-Abl-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rhodes
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
IFN-gamma transduces signals by activating the IFN-gamma receptor-associated Jak-1 and Jak-2 kinases and by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Stat-1 transcriptional activator. We report that IFN-gamma activates a distinct signaling cascade involving the c-cbl protooncogene product, CrkL adapter, and small G protein Rap1. During treatment of NB-4 human cells with IFN-gamma, c-cbl protooncogene product is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine and provides a docking site for the src homology 2 domain of CrkL, which also undergoes IFN-gamma-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. CrkL then regulates activation of the guanine exchange factor C3G, with which it interacts constitutively via its N terminus src homology 3 domain. This results in the IFN-gamma-dependent activation of Rap1, a protein known to exhibit tumor suppressor activity and mediate growth inhibitory responses. In a similar manner, Rap1 is also activated in response to treatment of cells with type I IFNs (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta), which also engage CrkL in their signaling pathways. On the other hand, IFN-gamma does not induce formation of nuclear CrkL-Stat5 DNA-binding complexes, which are induced by IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, indicating that pathways downstream of CrkL are differentially regulated by different IFN subtypes. Taken altogether, our data demonstrate that, in addition to activating the Stat pathway, IFN-gamma activates a distinct signaling cascade that may play an important role in the generation of its growth inhibitory effects on target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Alsayed
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- B J Druker
- Division of Hematology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of Abl kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) to the altered adhesive properties and cytoskeletal defects in a Bcr-Abl transformed fibroblast cell model. MATERIALS ANID METHODS: Two fibroblast cell lines stably transfected with Bcr-Abl were compared to their parental counterparts for alterations in their adhesive properties in an attachment assay and for abnormalities in their cytoskeletal architecture by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells then were treated with specific inhibitors of either the Abl kinase CGP57148 or the PI3-kinase LY294002 to determine whether these treatments would restore normal cytoarchitecture and adhesion. RESULTS [corrected] Significant defects in cytoskeletal architecture were observed using this fibroblast model of Bcr-Abl expression. Specific changes include loss of stress fibers and focal adhesions, which correlated with an adhesive defect. [corrected] Treatment of Bcr-Abl expressing cells with CGP57148, but not LY294002, resulted in reversion of cells to a near-normal phenotype, as assessed by immunofluorescence and attachment of Bcr-Abl transformed fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase but not PI3- kinase activity is required for maintenance of cytoskeletal rearrangements resulting from Bcr-AbI expression. Further, inhibition of Abl kinase restored normal adhesive properties to the Bcr-Abl-expressing cells, demonstrating the contribution of Bcr-Abl kinase activity to abnormal cytoskeletal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Gaston
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|