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Russell BK, McGeown J, Beard BL. Developing AI enabled sensors and decision support for military operators in the field. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00039-7. [PMID: 36934030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors enable down range data collection of physiological and cognitive performance of the warfighter. However, autonomous teams may find the sensor data impractical to interpret and hence influence real-time decisions without the support of subject matter experts. Decision support tools can reduce the burden of interpreting physiological data in the field and incorporate a systems perspective where noisy field data can contain useful additional signals. We present a methodology of how artificial intelligence can be used for modeling human performance with decision-making to achieve actionable decision support. We provide a framework for systems design and advancing from the laboratory to real world environments. The result is a validated measure of down-range human performance with a low burden of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Russell
- Sports Performance Institute of New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Ambient Cognition Limited, Aukland, New Zealand.
| | - J McGeown
- Matai Medical Research Institute Inc, New Zealand
| | - B L Beard
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA
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Tang H, Russell BK, Maksimchuk A, Campbell PT, Manuel MJE, Willingale L. Scintillator detector characterization for laser-driven proton beam imaging. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:123304. [PMID: 33380001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatial resolution and imaging characteristics of plastic scintillators are characterized using laser-driven proton beams. Laser-driven proton beams typically have broad energy spectra and are accompanied by relativistic electrons and high-energy photons, both potentially contributing to background noise. Different types and thicknesses of Eljen Technology scintillators are compared to determine their intrinsic point spread function. Point-projection imaging of a mesh is used to compare the imaging resolution of the scintillator to the usual imaging detector, radiochromic film, and is found to be reasonably comparable and sufficient for many experimental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tang
- Gerard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B K Russell
- Gerard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Gerard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P T Campbell
- Gerard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - L Willingale
- Gerard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Campbell PT, Walsh CA, Russell BK, Chittenden JP, Crilly A, Fiksel G, Nilson PM, Thomas AGR, Krushelnick K, Willingale L. Magnetic Signatures of Radiation-Driven Double Ablation Fronts. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:145001. [PMID: 33064539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In experiments performed with the OMEGA EP laser system, magnetic field generation in double ablation fronts was observed. Proton radiography measured the strength, spatial profile, and temporal dynamics of self-generated magnetic fields as the target material was varied between plastic, aluminum, copper, and gold. Two distinct regions of magnetic field are generated in mid-Z targets-one produced by gradients from electron thermal transport and the second from radiation-driven gradients. Extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations including radiation transport reproduced key aspects of the experiment, including field generation and double ablation front formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Campbell
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B K Russell
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J P Chittenden
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Crilly
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Fiksel
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Willingale
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Manuel MJE, Tang H, Russell BK, Willingale L, Maksimchuk A, Green JS, Alfonso EL, Jaquez J, Carlson L, Neely D, Ma T. Enhanced spatial resolution of Eljen-204 plastic scintillators for use in rep-rated proton diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:103301. [PMID: 33138566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pixelated scintillator has been designed, fabricated, and tested using a laser-accelerated proton source for use in proton diagnostics at rep-rated laser facilities. The work presented here demonstrates the enhanced spatial resolution of thin, organic scintillators through a novel pixelation technique. Experimental measurements using laser-generated protons incident onto 130 μm-thick scintillators indicate a >20% reduction in the scintillator point spread function (PSF) for the detectors tested. The best performing pixelated detector reduced the ∼200 μm PSF of the stock material to ∼150 μm. The fabrication technique may be tailored to reduce the pixel size and achieve higher spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - H Tang
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B K Russell
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Willingale
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E L Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - L Carlson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - D Neely
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Abstract
Recent comparisons of growth curves and incidence of low birth weight are available for Caucasians and African-Americans or Hispanics. To compare size at birth in Hispanics with African-Americans in an inner-city population, we analyzed data on mother-infant pairs admitted to Jacobi Medical Center from January 1, 1995 until May 31, 1997 and those with a gestational age less than 34 weeks admitted from June 1, 1997 until December 31, 1997. The population mostly included mothers covered by Medicaid. The study sample included 2852 infants (1641 Hispanics and 1211 African-Americans). Among singletons, the incidence of teenage pregnancy was higher and those of premature delivery and low birth weight were lower in Hispanics than in African-Americans. Among full-term singletons, boys were heavier than girls (difference 116 g, confidence interval (CI) 57,174, p < 0.001 after adjusting for gestational age, gender, and teenage pregnancy), and Hispanics were heavier than African-Americans (adjusted difference 70 g, Confidence Interval (CI) 11,128, p = 0.019). Additional studies are needed to assess the effect of race on neonatal size after adjusting for differences in prepregnancy weight, weight gain, parity, social class, or other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cazano
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Division of Neonatology, Bronx, New York, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the cost of a lactation program can be reduced without significantly affecting the incidence of breastfeeding. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective analysis of breastfeeding among all 7942 mothers whose neonates were admitted to the well baby nursery at Jacobi Medical Center (JMC) over a 44-month period. We used multiway frequency analysis to compare the incidence of breastfeeding in three successive models of counseling: (1) full-time lactation coordinator, (2) obstetric personnel trained in breastfeeding counseling and full-time lactation coordinator, and (3) obstetric personnel and half-time lactation coordinator. Mothers were further classified into three groups according to location of prenatal care and attendance at breastfeeding education sessions. RESULTS Breastfeeding increased with the initiation of education and the involvement of obstetric personnel and did not significantly decrease when the lactation coordinator became half-time. The transition to model 3 resulted in decreased costs without significantly affecting the incidence of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding was significantly associated with counseling by obstetric personnel, with prenatal care at JMC, and with breastfeeding education sessions. CONCLUSION Involving obstetric personnel in breastfeeding counseling may enhance the effectiveness of a lactation program. In our population, the most cost-conscious model included counseling by trained obstetric personnel and a half-time lactation coordinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Russell
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
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Kuhn MJ, Pencek T, Pearson DH, Russell BK, Long SD. Percutaneous catheter placement for cyst drainage in the subarachnoid space. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993; 14:178-80. [PMID: 8427084 PMCID: PMC8334433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A technique for percutaneous catheter drainage of cystic masses in the subarachnoid space was developed and shown to be safe and effective in an 18-year-old boy with life-threatening, recurrent neuroenteric cysts that compressed the brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Percutaneous drainage through a C1-C2 approach was performed on 11 separate occasions. Decompression was always accomplished and no infection or other complication occurred, even with continuous catheter drainage for 9 months. This technique provides opportunities for interventional neuroradiologic therapy in the subarachnoid space. It appears to be suited for percutaneous drainage of intraspinal and intracranial cysts when surgery is not indicated due to intractability or inaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kuhn
- Department of Radiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62704
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Russell BK, Mantovani JG, Anderson VE, Warmack RJ, Ferrell TL. Experimental test of the Mie theory for microlithographically produced silver spheres. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:2151-2154. [PMID: 9941663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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