Obturator dislocation of the hip with ipsilateral femoral neck fracture: A case report

Obturator dislocation of the hip associated with ipsilateral femoral neck fracture is an unusual injury. We report a case of a 40-year-old man with such a combination of injuries which was treated with an open reduction and internal fixation. He has a good follow-up result. There was no evidence of avascular necrosis on radiographs after 3 years.

Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome due to intramuscular lipoma

Lipomas are extremely common benign soft tissue tumors that are usually subcutaneous and asymptomatic. However, an intramuscular lipoma, occurring adjacent to the proximal radius, may easily cause paralysis of the posterior interosseous nerve because of a specific anatomical relationship of these structures in that area. In this report, we describe an unusual case of a 48-year-old-woman with a posterior interosseous nerve syndrome due to an intramuscular lipoma. The patient had good recovery after surgery and rehabilitation physiotherapy.

Giant cell tumour of the flexor tendon sheath of the hand: analysis of 27 cases

Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a slowly progressing benign tumour arising from synovial cells of tendon sheaths. It is one of the most common soft tissue tumours in the hand. We report a retrospective study of 27 proven GCTTS of the hand. The mean length of follow-up was 4.5 years (17 months-8.5 years). Radiographic findings are useful and may prove of great diagnostic value. The positive diagnosis was provided by the pathology examination after complete excision that was performed in all patients. The recurrence was noted in two surgically managed cases. The excision should be meticulous and complete in order to avoid recurrence.

Aesthetic and adhesive cementation for contemporary porcelain crowns

The evolution of aesthetic restorative materials has led to the development of new preparation designs and cementation protocols. While conventional cements were able to provide mechanical and macromechanical retention for restorations with limited aesthetic expectations, resin cements with micromechanical retention have been formulated as aesthetic alternatives. The objective of the present article is to establish the differences between conventional and adhesive crown cementation techniques, as well as to provide guidelines for reducing postoperative sensitivity and improving aesthetic and functional results.

Clinical considerations for aesthetic laboratory-fabricated inlay/onlay restorations: a review

The continued evolution of adhesive technology and materials has increased the application of composite materials for the direct and indirect restoration of posterior dentition. While these innovations cannot address every restorative challenge, such developments do allow clinicians to use conservative preparation designs and varying surface treatments in their efforts to achieve functional and aesthetic results. This discussion details the comprehensive clinical protocol required to use laboratory-fabricated resin systems for inlay/onlay restorations.

Selection and ideal tridimensional implant position for soft tissue aesthetics

While single-tooth replacement can be accomplished with predictability using implant therapy, this procedure is challenging in the anterior region where numerous criteria must be evaluated by the restorative team. The available height of bone, soft tissue volume, and three-dimensional position of the anticipated implant restoration are among the numerous concerns that must be addressed prior to the initiation of treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review for the selection and placement of implants in the aesthetic region and illustrates these principles with a case presentation.

Aesthetic soft tissue integration and optimized emergence profile: provisionalization and customized impression coping

In the anterior region, the successful replacement of a single tooth with an implant-supported restoration is one of the most difficult treatment options due to numerous functional and biological requisites. Such prostheses should also satisfy the increasing aesthetic demands of patients who expect the definitive restoration to mimic the natural dentition and their supporting gingival tissues. This article highlights the importance of the provisional restoration as the critical element for aesthetic success and gingival integration. Its perfect replication in the definitive restoration requires the use of optimized transference techniques.

The double guidance concept

The function in implant-supported restorations is now predictably achieved, and the emphasis has shifted to aesthetics. Simultaneously with this change in focus, the direction toward prosthetic restorations as the ultimate objective of implant procedures has evolved. The anticipated prosthesis now dictates the placement and angulation of the implant, thereby improving the function and, above all, the aesthetics of the final result. The purpose of this article is to discuss the concept of guidance for optimized management of hard and soft tissues, during the surgical procedure and during tissue healing. Particular attention is given to the reformation of the papillae.

The evolution of aesthetic restorative materials for inlays and onlays: a review

Composite and ceramic restorations are well-accepted treatment modalities for anterior as well as posterior regions, and numerous systems are available. This article presents the historical development of tooth-colored restorations from their incipience in 1882 to the second generation laboratory composites of today. The causes of failures in the early ceramics are discussed, and the search to delineate the optimal qualities of ceramics is outlined, listing the improvements of each new generation. The inherent obstacle of ceramic brittleness is reviewed along with the specific requirements of preparation. The learning objective of this article is to present the development of tooth-colored restorations in a concise form and indicate the characteristics of the materials currently available.

Versatility and aesthetics of the IPS Empress all-ceramic system

With the reestablishment of function no longer a clinical issue, the aesthetic challenge takes precedence, with patients expecting natural-looking results. Since the late 1980s, a leucite-reinforced pressed-glass ceramic (IPS Empress, Ivoclar Williams, Amherst, NY) has been utilized in the anterior region for full crowns and veneers and in the posterior region for crowns, inlays and onlays. This article presents results achieved with the IPS Empress all-ceramic system, which features a unique combination of strength and natural light transmission qualities that resemble the characteristics of natural teeth.

Improving aesthetics of implant-supported restorations

Osseointegration and adhesion have dramatically improved the treatment modalities, and reinstatement of function is now achieved routinely. Aesthetics has emerged as a prerequisite to the acceptance of the final result, demanded by the patient, and the standards of excellence in prosthetic restorations. This article discusses the treatment planning criteria, including tissue augmentation, implant selection, and healing abutments; it also suggests a modification in the sequence of treatment planning by placing the provisional restoration at second-stage surgery. This "custom-guided" tissue healing serves to achieve natural aesthetics in soft tissues. The learning objective of this article is to familiarize the reader with the principles of custom-guided tissue healing and to address the aesthetic challenge.

Custom-guided tissue healing for improved aesthetics in implant-supported restorations

Implant dentistry and the latest generation adhesive restorations have been dramatic innovations in dental treatment. In addition to function, aesthetics has emerged as an indispensable prerequisite in the acceptance of the final result, demanded by the patient and the standards of excellence in prosthetic restorations. When replacing a single tooth in the anterior region, this prerequisite presents a particular challenge. The types of implant and healing abutment utilised influence the aesthetics which can be achieved. This article suggests a modification in the sequence of treatment planning, placing the temporary restoration at the second stage. This "custom-guided" tissue healing, along with the incorporation of anatomically shaped components, serves to achieve natural aesthetics in hard and soft tissues.

A pin-assisted retention technique for resin-bonded restorations

The value of pins for auxiliary retention has been demonstrated many times. The use of pins with resin-bonded restorations allows for improved aesthetics and less tooth reduction while increasing resistance to dislodging forces. Clinical and technical procedures for resin-bonded bridges with pin-assisted retention are presented.

[Ceramic bonded veneers. Toward a minimal prosthesis]

For years, odontology for aesthetic purposes meant significant tissue mutilation. Now, with bonded porcelain veneers, it is possible to achieve both an aesthetic result and a veneer preparation while restoring the function of anterior teeth. The clinical forms of such thin bonded restorations may vary considerably, from a simple veneer to a 3/4 crown. Although after five years of experience, prosthetic "enamelling" appears to be totally reliable, only long-term clinical results will determine the fatigue of thinly applied ceramics.