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Hlaing NHMM, Lee H, Jeong Y, Park JM, Lee SJ, Lee JH. Influence of crown shade, translucency, and scan powder application on the trueness of intraoral scanners. J Dent 2024; 144:104969. [PMID: 38537881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural teeth and dental restorations present with various shades and levels of translucency. This study aimed to determine whether these variations in ceramic crowns and scan powder application affect the trueness of intraoral scanners. METHODS Eight identical premade resin typodonts, each prepared for a crown on the maxillary right second molar, were used. Eight lithium disilicate crowns, distinguished by two levels of translucency (high and low) and four shades (BL1, A2, A3, and A4), were fabricated to an identical design and cemented onto each typodont, providing eight distinct experimental groups (2 levels of translucency × 4 shades). Reference scans were acquired using a desktop scanner. Test scans were performed ten times for each experimental group using two different intraoral scanners (Medit i700 and CEREC Primescan AC), with and without the application of scan powder (n = 10). Three-dimensional metrology software was used to assess the trueness of the intraoral scan datasets. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and independent t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS For powder-free intraoral scan datasets, the crown shade did not significantly affect trueness within each translucency group (P = 1.000). For both intraoral scanners, compared with low translucency groups, higher marked deviations were exhibited by high translucency groups (P<.001). Scan powder use largely mitigated these differences (P>.05) and enhanced the trueness of the intraoral scan (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Shade did not significantly influence the trueness of intraoral scans. High-translucency crowns were scanned with less accuracy than were low-translucency crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Unlike tooth shade, translucency significantly affected the accuracy of intraoral scans. Therefore, considering the use of scan powder when scanning objects with high translucency may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hsu Myat Mon Hlaing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuwon Jeong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chugh A, Hattori M, Aboelez MA, Sumita YI, Wakabayashi N. Assessment of the color stability of two silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses upon exposure to cold beverages. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:116-119. [PMID: 38447982 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the color stability of different commercially available silicone materials for facial prostheses upon exposure to everyday beverages. It was hypothesized that the beverages would not alter the color of the silicone under conditions simulating daily exposure. METHODS Sixty specimens were fabricated using two materials - VST-50 and Silfy - and exposed to commercially available cold mineral water, tea, or coffee. Specimen color was evaluated on days 1 and 15. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer based on CIELab system and color differences were calculated as ΔE. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The mean ΔE values after 15 days of exposure to mineral water, cold green tea, and coffee were 1.016, 3.480, and 3.636 for VST-50 and 0.440, 0.798, and 1.425 for Silfy, respectively. Both materials showed significant differences in color, and VST-50 showed a greater color change than Silfy, especially for coffee. CONCLUSION Pigmented silicone elastomers have low color stability, leading to an overall color change in silicone prostheses when exposed to pigmented beverages. Color changes in such prostheses can be mitigated by selecting materials with better color stability to extend their longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Chugh
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences
| | - Mariko Hattori
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Marwa A Aboelez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
| | - Yuka I Sumita
- Division of General Dentistry 4, The Nippon Dental University Hospital
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Tejada-Casado M, Pérez MM, Della Bona A, Lübbe H, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ. Chroma-dependence of CIEDE2000 acceptability thresholds for dentistry. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:469-476. [PMID: 37861306 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine visual 50:50% color difference acceptability thresholds (AT) for regions of the dental color space with varying chromaticity. METHODS A 40-observer panel belonging to two different groups (dentists and laypersons) evaluated 144 dental resin composites pairs (divided in three different sets of 48 pairs according to chroma value: Low Chroma (LC), Medium Chroma (MC) and High Chroma (HC) placed 40 cm away and inside of a viewing cabinet (D65 Standard light source; diffuse/0° geometry). A Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy approximation was used for fitting the data points and calculate the 50:50% acceptability thresholds in CIEDE2000. A paired t-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance between thresholds differences and Bonferroni correction was applied. RESULTS The CIEDE2000 50:50% AT were ∆E00 = 2.84, ∆E00 = 2.31 and ∆E00 = 1.80 for LC, MC and HC sets of sample pairs, respectively. The 50:50% AT values were statistically significant between the different sets of sample pairs, as well as the 50:50% AT values obtained for different observer groups. CONCLUSIONS 50:50% CIEDE2000 acceptability thresholds for dentistry are significantly different depending on the chromaticity of the samples. Observers show higher acceptability for more achromatic samples (low chroma value) than for more chromatic samples. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The difference in the AT for distinct regions of the dental color space can assist professionals as a quality control tool to assess clinical performance and interpret visual and instrumental findings in clinical dentistry, dental research, and subsequent standardization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tejada-Casado
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María M Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Henning Lübbe
- Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Bad-Säckingen, Germany
| | - Razvan Ghinea
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physics, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Luis Javier Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Hampé-Kautz V, Roman T, Schwob T, Cournault B, Etienne O. In-vivo repeatability of three intra-oral spectrophotometers. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:520-526. [PMID: 38168888 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the repeatability of three spectrophotometers, based on the CIELCh factors and shadeguide reference measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Color analysis was performed using three devices: Rayplicker, Easyshade 4, and Easyshade V. Five repeated measures were performed by the same operator, on the right central maxillary incisor of 30 patients. The CIELCh factors were retrieved and the intra-class correlation was calculated. The Vita Classical and Vita 3D Master shadeguides were used to evaluate the respective Fleiss' Kappa factors. RESULTS Rayplicker and Easyshade V demonstrated strong intra-class correlation based on the CIELCh factors: 0.98, 0.99, and 0.91 for Rayplicker, and 0.95, 0.99, and 0.93 for Easyshade V, for the L*, C*, and h* parameters, respectively. Regarding the repeatability of the shadeguide data, while Easyshade 4 had the best repeatability when using the Vita Classical as a reference, Rayplicker and Easyshade V showed better repeatability when using the Vita 3D Master. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that both Rayplicker and Easyshade V are reliable devices for measuring CIELCh parameters. In terms of shadeguide references, the reliability of spectrophotometers is generally lower compared to the CIELCh measurements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Given their good repeatability, both the Rayplicker and the Easyshade V spectrophotometers are reliable tools for prosthetic dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Roman
- Robert Frank Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1121, Strasbourg, France
- Icube UMR7357, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Schwob
- Robert Frank Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bérangère Cournault
- Robert Frank Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1121, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Etienne
- Robert Frank Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1121, Strasbourg, France
- Icube UMR7357, Strasbourg, France
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Jouhar R, Ahmed MA, Heboyan A, Faheemuddin M, Mosaddad SA, Ahmed N. Analysis of shade-matching ability in dental students: a comparative study under clinical and correcting light conditions. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:169. [PMID: 38389076 PMCID: PMC10882879 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting the ideal tooth shade is essential to the success of aesthetic dental restorations. Students' cognitive abilities are involved in the multifaceted and intricate process of shade matching. Hence, the present study aimed to assess and compare the shade-matching ability of undergraduate dental students in various years of dental education under clinical and correcting light. METHODS This comparative cross-sectional study was instigated amongst male 4th, 5th, and 6th-year students of the dental complex of King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 72 male dental students assessed the shade under clinical (fluorescent light) and correcting light (handheld Dental Base Light) by using VITA Classical shade guides. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 (Armonk, NY, USA). The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between correct and incorrect shade matching under correcting and clinical light. RESULTS Out of 72 male students, 22(30.6%) were from the 4th year, 26(36.1%) were from the 5th year, and 24(33.3%) were from the 6th year, with a mean age of 22.92 ± 1.01 years. The majority of the 6th-year students selected shade of anterior tooth # 11 correctly under clinical and correcting light, and 3(12.5%) students selected incorrectly under clinical and correcting light, with a statistically significant association among them (p = 0.004). As far as the shade selection of the posterior tooth is concerned, a statistically significant difference was observed under clinical light among all clinical students (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION The clinical performance of dental students in shade matching improved with advancing years of dental education. Additionally, the shade matching ability of all groups of dental students was superior under correcting light compared to conditions under clinical light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Jouhar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
| | - Muhammad Faheemuddin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan
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Ristić IS, Gonzalez M, Garcia-Godoy F, Paravina R. Effect of group and individual education on shade matching competency of dental students. Am J Dent 2024; 37:9-12. [PMID: 38458976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of group and individual education on shade matching quality using a visual color competency test to match shade tab pairs from two Vita classical A1-D4 shade guides. METHODS 60 dental students, 21-25 years old (39 females, 21 males) participated in the study. All participants passed a color deficiency test before the experiment. The examination was voluntary and approved by the corresponding Ethics Committee. Students were randomly divided into three groups (n=20): one control group, NE (no education) and two experimental groups - GE (group education) and IE (individual education). The study was performed in three phases. In the "before" (B - Phase 1) and "after" (A - Phase 3) phase, all groups had to match 16 pairs of tabs from two Vita classical A1-D4 shade guides, with the shade designations hidden by custom letter markings. All tabs were mixed on a gray surface illuminated by color-correcting light. In Phase 2 (between B and A), GE had only group education, while IE received additional individual education and training. The control group did not participate in Phase 2. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and differences were compared using the one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA test, and Student t-test for dependent samples (α= 0.05). RESULTS The NE group matched 10.3 (3.2) and 10.4 (2.9) tab pairs in the before and after phases, respectively. Corresponding results for GE were 11.1 (2.2) and 14.4 (1.9) and 9.5 (3.6) and 15.0 (1.5) for IE, respectively. In Phase 1 (B), no statistically significant difference was recorded among the groups (P= 0.260). The experimental groups achieved a statistically significant improvement compared with the control group in Phase 3 (A) (P< 0.001). Both experimental groups achieved statistically significant improvement within the group after education, GE (P< 0.001) and IE (P< 0.001). Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that both experimental groups had statistically significant progress in shade matching. The group that received individual education (IE) made statistically significant progress compared with the group that received group education (GE). No statistically significant difference was found in the results of the control group between Phase 1 and Phase 3 of the study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Improving the shade matching ability facilitates the work of dentists and dental technicians and enhances the esthetics of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Ristić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Ni School of Medicine, Ni, Republic of Serbia
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rade Paravina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA,
- John M. Powers, Ph.D. Center for Biomaterials & Biomimetics (PCBB), Houston, Texas, USA
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Shah KK, Rajaraman V, Veeraiyan DN, Maiti S. A Systematic Review on Maxillofacial Prosthesis with Respect to Their Color Stability. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2024; 34:43-53. [PMID: 38505893 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2023048802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and analyze the findings of various studies that analyzed the changes in the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetic materials after the addition of various colorants and nanoparticles and assess the change in color after being subjected to either natural or artificial accelerated aging as well as outdoor aging. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA Statement). The primary objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the color stability of maxillofacial prosthesis. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of various colorants; pigments; opacifiers; UV absorbers-such as inorganic colorants (dry earth pigments); metal oxides; and organic colorants. The time period of the included studies extended from 2013 to 2023. Electronic database search identified a total of 217 studies. Ten studies were included to meet the research question. All 10 included studies analyzed the effect of various colorants and their exposure to various aging and weathering conditions. It was found that various pigments and nanoparticles had an effect on the color stability. Also weathering and aging conditions had a direct effect on the color stability as well. In terms of disinfection, although there was not much color difference observed, highest change in color stability was observed when rubbing or brushing of the prosthesis was carried out. In conclusion, the color stability of maxillofacial prosthetics is a critical factor that influences both patient satisfaction and the overall cosmetic look. The potential of pigments and nanoparticles to enhance the color stability of silicone-based maxillofacial prosthesis has received much research. By avoiding color fading and discoloration brought on by environmental variables including UV radiation, aging, and chemical exposure, the inclusion of various pigments and nanoparticles has been demonstrated to improve the color stability of silicone maxillofacial prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaishnavi Rajaraman
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy Veeraiyan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ristic IS, Boskovic M, Gonzalez MD, Paravina RD. Influence of individual education and training on quality of color matching in dentistry. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:116-123. [PMID: 37086204 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of the group and individual education of students on shade matching quality. Secondary study objective included a survey-assessment of quality and difficulty level of color matching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty dental student participants in Integrated Academic Studies of Dentistry at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš (26 female, 14 male) 21-25 years old, signed consent to voluntarily participate in the research. The Ethics Committee of the Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, approved the study under number 14/11-2019-2EO. They were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20), experimental (IE, individual education) and control (GE, group education). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 5). The study was performed in three phases. In Phase I (I) and III (III), students matched the shade of the maxillary central left incisor (#9) using three different shade guides. Each of the students served as a "patient" for shade matching, while the other members of the subgroup, individually (VMI ) and as a team (VMT ), visually matched the tooth shade. In Phase II (between phases I and III), group IE received standard group and individual education and training, while group GE had only group education. Shade matching results in before and after education were compared with results obtained by an intraoral spectrophotometer. CIELAB (∆E*), and CIDE2000 color differences (∆E00 ) were calculated. The color differences between VMI or VMT and ES readings were graded. In addition, the students rated the level of difficulty and quality of shade matching from 1 to 5, signifying the most to least difficult, and the worst to best match, respectively. Means and standard deviations were calculated. Differences were compared using the Student t-test. RESULTS Means (s.d.) of CIEDE2000 color differences for VMI before and after IE were 4.5 (1.5) and 3.3 (0.9), respectively. Corresponding values for group GE were 4.4 (1.4) and 4.0 (1.0), respectively. As compared with GE, group IE achieved 15% better results for the best matches and 27.5% for one of the three best matches in by-point comparison. Mean (s.d.) results for VMT in the experimental group before and after IE were 3.6 (2.4) and 2.8 (1.6), respectively. Corresponding results for the control group were 4.4 (2.1) and 3.5 (1.7), respectively. Group IE had statistically higher VMI and VMT scores than GE, while, for GE, only VMT scores were statistically higher. Group IE achieved better results in by-point comparison. After education and training, the students rated the shade matching as more precise and less difficult. Results were significantly better for Quality (IE) (sig = 0.010) and Difficulty (GE) (sig = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, the experimental group achieved significantly better results in individual color matching after education and training than the control group, while both groups made progress in team color matching. Both groups rated shade matching more accurate and easier after education. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Improving the quality of shade matching is expected to enhance the esthetics of dental restorations, increase patient satisfaction, and reduce color corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Ristic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Nis School of Medicine, Niš, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Boskovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Nis School of Medicine, Niš, Serbia
| | - Maria D Gonzalez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics & John M. Powers, PhD, Center for Biomaterials & Biomimetics, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rade D Paravina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics & John M. Powers, PhD, Center for Biomaterials & Biomimetics, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Gómez-Polo C, Martín-Casado AM, Montero J. Fifteen ceramic gingival samples: A proposed gingival shade guide. J Dent 2023; 138:104648. [PMID: 37536431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) To put forward a set of valid pink ceramic samples for subjective gingival colour selection in the Caucasian population, and (2) to assess the quality of the shade matches provided by the selected pink samples. METHODS The ceramic gingival shade samples (n = 133) were obtained by mixing pairs of basic colours from a single system. In each mixture, the proportions of the colours were altered in 10% increments, following the numerical order used by the manufacturers of the three colour systems under study (Heraceram, Vita VM9 and IPS Style). The CIELAB colour coordinates were recorded using spectrophotometry in three zones of healthy anterior gingiva (n = 360). The sample was randomly divided into two subsamples, each of which contained 180 participants. Subsample 1 was used to select the ceramic gingival samples that provided the best shade matches, using the k-means clustering method. Subsample 2 was used to assess the chromatic validity of the selected gingival samples, according to the coverage error. RESULTS To identify the ceramic gingival samples that best represented participants' gingival colour, the minimum colour differences (ΔEab∗, ΔE00) between the cluster centroids and the 133 gingival samples were calculated. Fifteen gingival samples were selected: 8 from the Heraceram system, 4 from the VM9 system, and 3 from the IPS Style system. Coverage errors for the 15 gingival samples fell below the gingival clinical acceptability thresholds in the three gingival zones examined. CONCLUSIONS The 15 ceramic gingival colour samples provide satisfactory coverage of the gingival colour space, with coverage errors below the ΔE00 clinical acceptability threshold of 2.9 units. These pink colour samples have the potential to provide good gingival shade matches in subjective colour selection. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mixing basic ceramic colours is a viable method for generating a series of pink shades that can be used as a physical gingival shade guide. The resulting guide provides valid results (under the acceptability thresholds) for subjective selection gingival colour selection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gómez-Polo
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Montero
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca 37007, Spain
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Dias SBF, Silveira JML, Pereira RMN, Cardoso AB, Pereira da Mata ADS, Marques DNDS. Cie L*A*B* Values in VITA Classical and VITA 3D Master by Two Dental Spectrophotometers. INT J PROSTHODONT 2023; 36:649. [PMID: 37921676 DOI: 10.11607/ijp.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the CIE L*a*b* values of two different dental shade guides using two shade-matching spectrophotometers. MATERIALS AND METHODS SpectroShade Micro (SS) and Easyshade (ES) (VITA Zahnfabrik) were tested. One calibrated operator performed 30 measurements of each tab from three batches of the two guides, VITA Classical (VC) and VITA 3D Shade Master (VM). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and intraclass coefficients (ICC) between the different batches were calculated. Results were given as mean and SD of the L*a*b* values and the respective color differences according to the CIEDE 2000 formula (ΔE00) for each of the shade tabs in the two spectrophotometers and then analyzed with independent student t test (α = .05). RESULTS A total of 1,440 and 2,610 measurements for VC and VM, respectively, were performed per spectrophotometer. There were statistically significant differences between the two devices for all L*a*b* values, with the exception of: L* for 3R1.5; a* for 2R1.5, 3L1.5, 2L2.5, 3M2, 3L2.5, 4L1.5, and 4L2.5; and b* for D3, 1M2, and 3M2. When assessing the same shade guide, differences in ΔE00 were detected between devices above the acceptability threshold (AT) (ΔE00 ≥ 1.8) for all shade tabs except for VC (C1, C2, D3, A3.5, C3, and A4) and VM (4M1, 3R2.5, 4L2.5, and 4M3). The overall mean of the interdevice ΔE00 was 2.2 ± 1.0 for VC and 2.5 ± 1.0 for VM. CONCLUSIONS The two dental spectrophotometers presented high ICC and ROC values, which validates their indication as auxiliary tools. However, there are discrepancies in the hues D (VC) and R (VM) with interdevice variability when evaluated for the L*a*b* component. Int J Prosthodont 2023;36:e38-e52.
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Abdalqadir M, Mohammed K, Azhdar B. The impact of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on the color stability of artificially aged heat-polymerized maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231205392. [PMID: 37814535 PMCID: PMC10566275 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231205392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The limited service life of craniofacial prostheses due to degradation and color instability is a significant challenge. This in vitro study aimed to determine how zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles affect the color stability of M511 heat temperature vulcanizing (HTV) maxillofacial silicone elastomers after artificial aging. ZrO2 nanoparticles were added at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt% to M511 HTV silicone elastomer. Two intrinsic silicone pigments were used (red and mocha). Silicone with pigment and without ZrO2 nanoparticles were used as the control. Eighty disk-shaped specimens were fabricated and divided into eight experimental groups, each containing ten specimens (n = 10). All specimens were subjected to artificial aging, and color changes were recorded at 252, 504, and 1008 h intervals. The L*a *b * values were measured using a colorimeter and the CIE-Lab system. To interpret the recorded color differences, a 50:50 percent perceptibility threshold (ΔE* = 1.1) and acceptability threshold (ΔE* = 3.0) were implemented. A one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 were used for the statistical analysis. We found that every evaluated specimen group exhibited a chromatic change (ΔE* > 0). The ΔE* values for the mocha pigments with and without ZrO2 nanoparticles were below the perceptible threshold (1.1 units). The ΔE* values of the red pigment with and without ZrO2 nanoparticles were significantly higher than the acceptable threshold (P < 0.000). According to the findings of this in vitro study, all the specimens underwent color changes (ΔE* > 0). The red pigment exhibited highly significant chromatic alterations. In contrast, mocha pigments with and without ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited the least color change and were below the perceptible threshold. ZrO2 nanoparticles provided important protection and showed a reduction in color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdalqadir
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Kaml Mohammed
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Bruska Azhdar
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
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Yilmaz B, Dede DÖ, Diker E, Fonseca M, Johnston WM, Küçükekenci AS. Effect of cross-polarization filters on the trueness of colors obtained with a single-lens reflex camera, macro lens, and a ring flash. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:878-885. [PMID: 37073977 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of cross-polarization filters on the colors of shade tabs obtained with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, macrolens, and a ring flash. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital images of four shade tables (1M1, 3L2.5, 3R2.5, and 5M3) from the VITA Toothguide 3D-Master shade guide were taken using a DSLR camera, 100 mm macrolens, and ring flash with two different cross-polarizing filters (Polar_eyes and Filtropolar), and without (Nonpolarizer; n = 7). The CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of digital images were calculated and remeasured with a spectroradiometer (SR). The color differences (ΔE00 ) between the SR and digital images were calculated and analyzed with the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS ΔE00 values of all test groups were higher than the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E00 > 1.80). While the ∆E00 values of Filtropolar (6.19 ± 0.44) and Polar_eyes (7.82 ± 0.23) groups were significantly higher than the Nonpolarizer (4.69 ± 0.32) for the 1M1 shade tab, ∆E00 value of Polar_eyes (6.23 ± 0.34) was significantly lower than Nonpolarizer (10.71 ± 0.48) group for 5M3 shade tab (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The color-matching results of tested digital photography techniques with and without cross-polarization were unacceptable, compared to a spectroradiometer. While digital photography with Polar_eyes cross-polarizing filter has closer results to the reference device for the low-in-value shade table (5M3), for the high-in-value shade table (1M1), improved results were obtained without a cross-polarizing filter. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The cross-polarization filters are increasingly used in dentistry for tooth color communication with digital photography techniques. However, the digital photography techniques with-without cross-polarization filterers should be improved to obtain clinically acceptable color-matching results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Emre Diker
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manrique Fonseca
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William Michael Johnston
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Kurt M, Kurt Z, Işık Ş. Using deep learning approaches for coloring silicone maxillofacial prostheses: A comparison of two approaches. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2023; 23:84-89. [PMID: 36588380 PMCID: PMC10088445 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_149_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to compare the performance of two deep learning algorithms, attention-based gated recurrent unit (GRU), and the artificial neural networks (ANNs) algorithm for coloring silicone maxillofacial prostheses. Settings and Design This was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods A total of 21 silicone samples in different colors were produced with four pigments (white, yellow, red, and blue). The color of the samples was measured with a spectrophotometer, then the LFNx01, aFNx01, and bFNx01 values were recorded. The relationship between the LFNx01, aFNx01, and bFNx01 values of each sample and the amount of each pigment in the compound of the same sample was used as the training dataset, entered into each algorithm, and the prediction models were obtained. While generating the prediction model for each sample, the data of the corresponding sample assigned as the target color were excluded. LFNx01, aFNx01, and bFNx01 values of each target sample were entered into the obtained models separately, and recipes indicating the ratios for mixing the four pigments were predicted. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) values between the original recipe used in the production of each silicone and the recipe created by both prediction models for the same silicone were calculated. Statistical Analysis Used Data were analyzed with the Student t-test (α=0.05). Results The mean RMSE values and MAE values for the ANN algorithm (0.029 ± 0.0152 and 0.045 ± 0.0235, respectively) were found significantly higher than the attention-based GRU model (0.001 ± 0.0005 and 0.002 ± 0.0008, respectively) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Attention-based GRU model provided better performance than the ANN algorithm with respect to the MAE and RMSE values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Kurt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Kurt
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şahin Işık
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Liu X, Guo X, Zhang Z, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhao H. The effect of color vision resolution on intra-oral shade-selection accuracy. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:1659-1669. [PMID: 36970918 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentists must be able to identify subtle color changes as shade-matching is crucial in aesthetic dentistry. OBJECTIVE To determine whether color discrimination ability is related to shade-matching accuracy among dentists. METHODS The sensitivity of the normal-color vision population to different colors was investigated using Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue (FM-100) test results. The FM-100 test was administered to 37 dentists at the Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University. Sensitivity of dentists with normal-color vision to different colors was investigated using the FM-100 test. Participants were instructed to arrange color caps of various colors according to the gradual change in colors and the results were scored. Visual shade matching test using Vita 3D-MASTER shade guide was performed to determine shade-matching accuracy. The relationship between color discrimination ability and shade-matching accuracy was analyzed. The number of misplaced color caps in the FM-100 test was also calculated. RESULTS The FM-100 test revealed that 16 and 21 participants had excellent and average color discrimination ability, respectively, and their shade-matching accuracies were 68.75% and 66.67%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the shade-matching accuracy between the two groups. No significant correlation was observed between the color discrimination ability and shade-matching accuracy. In addition, the number of wrong color caps on the 43-63 color tray with the transition from blue-green to blue-purple was the highest according to Friedman's test. CONCLUSION Color discrimination ability of dentists does not affect their visual shade-matching accuracy. Additionally, people with normal color vision are not sensitive to the transition from blue-green to blue-purple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Dental and Pulp Diseases, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- College of Dentistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Dental and Pulp Diseases, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huang Wu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Dental and Pulp Diseases, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jouhar R. Comparison of Shade Matching Ability among Dental Students under Different Lighting Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11892. [PMID: 36231194 PMCID: PMC9565139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Successful esthetic dentistry to meet patient satisfaction and produce a progressive impact on someone's personality cannot be succeeded without proper shade selection, both for direct or indirect restoration of dentition. The accurate shade selection is one of the most interesting phases of restoring the natural look of teeth. In clinical practices, dental students should be aware of the various light sources used for shade selection. The purpose of this research is to compare the shade matching ability of clinical and non-clinical students under clinical and correcting light. This comparative cross-sectional study was instigated amongst clinical and non-clinical students of the dental complex of King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, after obtaining ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee with reference number (KFU-REC-2022-MAR-EA000518). A total of 102 students assessed the shade under clinical (fluorescent light) and correcting light (handheld Dental Base Light) by using VITA Classical shade guides. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 (Armonk, NY, USA). The Chi-square test and t-test were used to evaluate the association between shade matching scores under correcting and clinical light. Out of 102 students, 41 (40.2%) were non-clinical and 61 (59.8%) were clinical, with a mean age of 21.66 ± 1.397 years. Shade matching scores were found significantly higher (p < 0.001) with the light-correcting device (2.29 ± 1.26) as compared to clinical light (1 ± 1.11) for non-clinical students. Similarly, clinical students also had significantly better (p < 0.001) shade matching with the light-correcting device (4.01 ± 1.34) in comparison to clinical light (2.47 ± 1.25). This study concluded that the shade matching scores under correcting light was significantly better than the results obtained by dental operatory light. Furthermore, it was also evidenced that clinical students' skills in matching shades were significantly improved under a correcting light source as compared to non-clinical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Jouhar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Ellakany P, Fouda SM, AlGhamdi MA, Aly NM. Influence of Dental Education on Esthetics Self-Perception and Shade Selection. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11547. [PMID: 36141818 PMCID: PMC9517312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A discrepancy is encountered between the esthetic self-perception and the actual need for treatment. The aim was to determine the influence of dental education on the patients' attitude, esthetic self-perceptions, and shade selection. This cross-sectional study asked participants to select the perceived shade of their incisors using a shade guide, and to complete a self-administered questionnaire assessing their attitude regarding teeth shade. The color coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) of their actual shades were recorded clinically, using a digital spectrophotometer. A Pearson correlation assessed the relation between the perceived and actual color coordinates. A linear regression assessed the association between the attitude towards the esthetic self-perception, background factors, and actual shades. A clinical shade selection was done digitally for 536 participants, comprising 40.1% preclinical dental students, 37.3% clinical dental students, and 22.6% non-dental participants. The perceived and actual a* and b* values were significantly correlated in the preclinical students, and L* and b* were correlated in the clinical students. Those who had not received any dental education showed better attitude scores than the clinical students. The color-matching skills were improved by education; therefore, this emphasizes the importance of teaching color selection in dental schools. Dental esthetic self-perception is also improved by increasing knowledge and skills through exposure to a variety of comprehensive dental cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
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Garg A, Raura N, Arora A, Shenoy R, Thomas M. Effect of ocular dominance, clinical experience, and sex on the accuracy of shade selection. Quintessence Int 2022; 53:320-327. [PMID: 34927404 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b2449807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the influence of ocular dominance, clinical experience, and sex on the accuracy of visual color matching. METHOD AND MATERIALS A total of 104 selected participants consisting of dental students and dental practitioners were allocated into two groups based on their clinical experience of using visual shade matching tabs for the selection of tooth shade. Both the inexperienced (IXP), as well as experienced participants (EXP), were then asked to correctly match the shades of five tabs (A2, A3.5, B1, C2, and D3) of a commonly used visual shade guide (Vitapan Classical shade guide, VITA Zahnfabrik) that were kept constant throughout the study. The participants documented the shade of those tabs using another set of shade guide using the right eye (left eye covered), left eye (right eye covered), as well as both eyes. Test for ocular dominance was performed using the Dolman method. The results were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test with a level of significance set at < .05. RESULTS The percentage of correct shade matching with the monocular dominant vision (53%) was significantly better as compared to the monocular non-dominant vision (12%) (P < .001) or binocular vision (44%) (P < .05). Sex had an influence in shade selection (P = .031). However, clinical experience was an insignificant aspect in shade matching (P = .078). CONCLUSIONS Knowing the clinician's dominant eye can be clinically relevant, as it can influence the accuracy of shade selection, irrespective of sex and clinical experience.
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Ceinos R, Bazos P, Tapia J. Determining color for the direct restorative approach. Int J Esthet Dent 2021; 16:494-513. [PMID: 34694076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When implementing a direct composite resin (CR) restoration, the determination of color can be a challenging step. The reproduction of tooth shade is often a source of frustration for the practitioner. Dental color can be complex, and its accurate reproduction requires not only a good understanding of color by the practitioner but also the use of appropriate methods to achieve it. It is important to remember what tooth color parameters one is able to mimic with CRs. The purpose of this article is to demystify the errors attributable to standard tools, ie, shade guides, and above all to suggest a number of measures to avoid such errors.
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Mahale H, Deshpande S, Radke U, Patil PG. Opacifiers on color stability of maxillofacial silicone under aging and Indian weathering conditions: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 129:805-810. [PMID: 34649721 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Resistance to long-term color change is a desirable property for facial prosthetic elastomers. Evidence for the color stability of maxillofacial silicones under aging and hot and humid Indian weathering conditions is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of adding opacifiers on the color stability of maxillofacial silicone under human aging and Indian weather conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 93 specimen disks were obtained from the A-2186, platinum-based, room-temperature vulcanized, maxillofacial silicone elastomer by using a Ø30×6-mm stainless-steel die. The specimens were divided into 3 main groups (n=30), C (control), T (titanium dioxide), and B (barium sulfate), and 1 additional specimen (n=1) from each group was stored in a closed box and further subgrouped as outdoor weathering (COut, TOut, BOut), acidic perspiration (CAcid, TAcid, BAcid), sebum (CSebum, TSebum, BSebum) (n=10), and visual comparison (CVis, TVis, BVis) (n=1). Baseline L∗, a∗, b∗ values were recorded by using a spectrophotometer and visual perception. The specimens were subjected to human and extraoral aging conditions, and the values were recorded again after 6 months. Data were analyzed statistically by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis with the Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS In group C, the mean color change for COut was 3.69 ±0.49; CAcid, 3.58 ±0.68; and CSebum, 7.53 ±0.22 (P<.001). In group T, the mean color change for TOut was 2.60 ±0.24; TAcid, 2.35 ±0.13; and TSebum, 4.91 ±0.44 (P<.001). In group B, BOut was 1.59 ±0.28, BAcid was 1.46 ±0.28, and BSebum was 4.03 ±0.71 (P<.001). The specimens containing barium sulfate showed the maximum color stability. The least color stability was observed in all specimens exposed to sebum solution and was significantly different (P<.001) from the outdoor weather and acidic perspiration specimens. Visually perceivable color changes were observed in specimens exposed to the sebum solution. CONCLUSIONS The addition of titanium dioxide and barium sulfate as opacifiers resulted in clinically acceptable color change when exposed to outdoor weathering and acidic perspiration but not in sebum solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saee Deshpande
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India
| | - Usha Radke
- Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India
| | - Pravinkumar G Patil
- Senior Lecturer in Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Raza FB, Kumar VA, Jacob A, Ali A. Assessment of a smartphone-based software application as a potential digital tool in tooth shade selection: a prospective clinical study. Quintessence Int 2021; 52:608-617. [PMID: 33688711 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b1044157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability of a newly developed software application (Shadent) in natural tooth shade selection. METHOD AND MATERIALS A smartphone device with the self-developed Shadent software (patent no. 201841046815, Intellectual Property of India) recorded tooth shades of the maxillary right central incisor and canine for 250 volunteers. A prospective, clinical, double-blind trial was conducted. The shade match obtained under the standardized condition from Shadent software was compared with the visual method and spectrophotometer. The digital recordings were captured by two master's candidates, while the visual shade match was evaluated by four master's candidates and one faculty member from the Department of Prosthodontics. Crosstab analysis assessed the relationship between the visual method of shade selection, a spectrophotometer, and the Shadent software. Cohen kappa was used to measure the agreement between the methods. RESULTS A kappa coefficient of 0.59 was observed between the visual assessment and the Shadent software, with an agreement percentage of 64.6%. A kappa coefficient of 0.65 was observed between the spectrophotometer and the Shadent software with an agreement of 69.3%. The software also had a better Cohen kappa agreement with the maxillary central incisor than the maxillary canine. CONCLUSIONS Shadent's reliability was comparable with the visual and spectrophotometric methods and offered repeatability with standardized light intensity.
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Bates MT, Chow JK, Powers JM, Kiat-Amnuay S. Color Stability and Mechanical Properties of Two Commonly Used Silicone Elastomers with e-Skin and Reality Coloring Systems. INT J PROSTHODONT 2021; 34:204-211. [PMID: 33882566 DOI: 10.11607/ijp.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the color stability and mechanical properties of two commonly used maxillofacial silicone elastomers after addition of pigments and opacifiers and before and after artificial aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study evaluated two maxillofacial silicone elastomers: A-2000 and M511. Two different pigment and opacifier systems (e-Skin and Reality Series) were used with the elastomers. Control groups (no pigment or opacifier) and experimental groups (each with subgroups containing additional pigments and/ or opacifiers) were fabricated for each of the silicone elastomers. A total of 51 specimens were evaluated for color stability, and 100 for mechanical properties. A spectrophotometer was used to assess CIE L*a*b* values before and after aging. CIELAB 50:50% perceptibility threshold (ΔE* = 1.1) and acceptability threshold (ΔE* = 3.0) were used to interpret color changes. A durometer and universal testing machine were used to evaluate the mechanical properties. ANOVA and Fisher least significant difference (LSD) test were performed to determine the statistical significance of the results (P < .05). RESULTS Significant differences in color measurements (ΔE*) were found for all silicone groups following artificial aging (P < .05). ΔE* values for the mixed pigment/opacifier subgroups of both elastomers were below the perceptibility threshold. Additionally, after aging, the hardness, tear strength, and tensile strength significantly increased for all silicone groups (P < .05), while percent elongation significantly decreased (P < .05). CONCLUSION Artificial aging affected the color stability and mechanical properties of the pigmented silicone elastomers with added opacifier. Overall, A-2000 with e-Skin group displayed the most color stability, with its mechanical properties being the least affected by artificial aging.
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Klinke T, Bratner S, Hannak W, Boening K, Jakstat H. Influence of viewing distance on visual color differentiation in vitro. INT J PROSTHODONT 2021; 35:219–224. [PMID: 33769425 DOI: 10.11607/ijp.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether viewing distance influences the results of visual tooth color differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 65 students underwent both theoretical and practical training by a standardized lecture on the use of an internet learning module (Toothguide Trainer, VITA Zahnfabrik) and a standardized training program (Toothguide Training Box) for visual shade-taking. Each student matched 10 randomly selected shade tabs presented at different viewing distances (arm's length distance [AL, 70 cm] and AL/2 [35cm]) under lateral, non-glare lighting at a 45-degree angle with a color differentiation lamp. The results were recorded as to what extent the presented and selected tabs of the color determination matched. RESULTS The overall median values of perceived color difference (ΔE) were 1.6 for AL/2 and 3.2 for AL, and these values were significantly different (P < .001). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it was shown that the viewing distance had a significant influence on the color deviation in tooth color assessment. Therefore, a smaller viewing distance of 35 cm for shade determination is recommended.
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薛 盛, 王 宇, 许 桐, 姜 婷. [Study of masking ability of laminate veneers for discolored teeth]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 52:943-947. [PMID: 33047734 PMCID: PMC7653419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To select the most effective method among different masking treatments, such as different thickness and transparence, tissue surface's opaque coating, and opaque resin cement to restore discolored teeth esthetically by porcelain veneer. METHODS Four extracted intact maxillary central incisors were prepared for porcelain veneer restoration and each three heat pressed porcelain veneers from three thicknesses (0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm) and two transparency(high transparence, HT and low transparence, LT))in Vita shade A2 were fabricated for each tooth, in total of 72 pieces. The surfaces of three prepared teeth were then painted to mimic situations of severe dental fluorosis, severe tetracycline teeth, and necrotic teeth. Each of the veneers was temporarily cemented to the corresponding tooth surface using try-in cements with three different colors (transparent, opaque, and yellow), then used the shade guide (3D master) and electronic colorimeter (easy shade) to record the shade of each porcelain veneer through hue, lightness, and chroma reading. After that, high-transparence porcelain veneers in thickness of 0.8 mm was fused with a layer of opaque porcelain in tissue surface, and were shade matched again after cementation. Statistic treatments were performed to analyze the difference in each masking method. RESULTS For each 0.2 mm increase in the veneer thickness of porcelain, the average lightness was reduced by 1 unit, while the chroma was not changed which was independent of the type of the resin cements. When the thickness of the porcelain veneer was decreased to 0.8 mm, the opacity effect was not remarkable even if a low-transparence porcelain veneer was used. Transparent and yellow resin cements had poor opaque performance, while opaque resin cement could reduce the lightness by 2 units and the chroma was also reduced. The opaque layer of the tissue surface could be applied uniformly, and the lightness and chroma could be reduced to Vita 2M1 to 2M1.5 levels regardless of the color of resin cements, which suggested a stable opacity effect for different discolored teeth in this study. CONCLUSION For porcelain veneer restoration of discolored teeth, thickened veneers are the most effective means to display a natural transmittance and color. Tissue surface's opacity coatings and opaque resin cements can also be used to reduce grayscale and increase lightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- 盛豪 薛
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宇轩 王
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 桐楷 许
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 婷 姜
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
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薛 盛, 王 宇, 许 桐, 姜 婷. [Study of masking ability of laminate veneers for discolored teeth]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 52:943-947. [PMID: 33047734 PMCID: PMC7653419 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To select the most effective method among different masking treatments, such as different thickness and transparence, tissue surface's opaque coating, and opaque resin cement to restore discolored teeth esthetically by porcelain veneer. METHODS Four extracted intact maxillary central incisors were prepared for porcelain veneer restoration and each three heat pressed porcelain veneers from three thicknesses (0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm) and two transparency(high transparence, HT and low transparence, LT))in Vita shade A2 were fabricated for each tooth, in total of 72 pieces. The surfaces of three prepared teeth were then painted to mimic situations of severe dental fluorosis, severe tetracycline teeth, and necrotic teeth. Each of the veneers was temporarily cemented to the corresponding tooth surface using try-in cements with three different colors (transparent, opaque, and yellow), then used the shade guide (3D master) and electronic colorimeter (easy shade) to record the shade of each porcelain veneer through hue, lightness, and chroma reading. After that, high-transparence porcelain veneers in thickness of 0.8 mm was fused with a layer of opaque porcelain in tissue surface, and were shade matched again after cementation. Statistic treatments were performed to analyze the difference in each masking method. RESULTS For each 0.2 mm increase in the veneer thickness of porcelain, the average lightness was reduced by 1 unit, while the chroma was not changed which was independent of the type of the resin cements. When the thickness of the porcelain veneer was decreased to 0.8 mm, the opacity effect was not remarkable even if a low-transparence porcelain veneer was used. Transparent and yellow resin cements had poor opaque performance, while opaque resin cement could reduce the lightness by 2 units and the chroma was also reduced. The opaque layer of the tissue surface could be applied uniformly, and the lightness and chroma could be reduced to Vita 2M1 to 2M1.5 levels regardless of the color of resin cements, which suggested a stable opacity effect for different discolored teeth in this study. CONCLUSION For porcelain veneer restoration of discolored teeth, thickened veneers are the most effective means to display a natural transmittance and color. Tissue surface's opacity coatings and opaque resin cements can also be used to reduce grayscale and increase lightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- 盛豪 薛
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宇轩 王
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 桐楷 许
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 婷 姜
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stornatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Nimonkar SV, Sathe S, Belkhode VM, Pisulkar S, Godbole S, Nimonkar PV. Assessment of the Change in Color of Maxillofacial Silicone after Curing Using a Mobile Phone Colorimeter Application. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:458-462. [PMID: 32584286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the change in color of the maxillofacial silicone after curing using a mobile phone colorimeter application. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-piece metal mold was fabricated. Twenty five samples were made using M511, maxillofacial silicone. A jig was prepared to hold the mobile phone at a fix distance from the samples. The color was measured for each sample in terms of HSV (hue, saturation, value) with the mobile phone colorimeter application after manipulation and after polymerization of the samples. Data were statistically analyzed using the Student's paired t test and the software used in the analysis was SPSS 22.0 version. RESULTS The mean difference of hue was 1.32 ± 2.71, with p value 0.053. Mean differences in saturation was 0.72 ± 2.01, with p value 0.066. Mean differences in value were 2.16 ± 3.11, with a p value 0.002. The measure of value showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There was a significant change in the value of the color of the maxillofacial silicone after polymerization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increasing the value of the color by 2-3% at the time of manipulation of the maxillofacial silicone with the use of a mobile phone colorimeter application can help the clinician to reproduce the same color in the final prosthesis after curing to achieve a predictable esthetic outcome for a facial prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu V Nimonkar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +91 8830977678, e-mail:
| | - Seema Sathe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram M Belkhode
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sweta Pisulkar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surekha Godbole
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranali V Nimonkar
- Trauma Care Center, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Hampé-Kautz V, Salehi A, Senger B, Etienne O. A comparative in vivo study of new shade matching procedures. Int J Comput Dent 2020; 23:317-323. [PMID: 33491927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to compare six different methods of in vivo color matching: visual shade matching (3D-Master Linearguide shade guide) performed by 1) a novice practitioner, 2) an expert practitioner, 3) the new Rayplicker spectrometer, 4) the Trios III intraoral scanner, and 5) the Omnicam intraoral scanner compared with 6) the Easyshade V spectrophotometer, which was considered as the reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Color matching was performed using the 3D-Master references on the sound maxillary right central incisors of 40 subjects. The study first compared the number of colors found using each of the six methods. The references were then converted to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values, from which the difference ?E between either two methods ?was derived. Finally, the L* value was used to compare the luminosity measured by each of the six methods. RESULTS The Rayplicker showed the smallest ?E compared with the Easyshade V. The expert found a closer color to the Easyshade V than did the novice, and both were closer to the Easyshade V than the two intraoral scanners. The intraoral scanners showed notable differences compared with the Easyshade V. The intraoral scanners also offered a reduced choice of colors and recorded the highest luminosities compared with the other methods. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the color matching by the Rayplicker was closest to that of the Easyshade V. The good performance of this new device means that it is a challenging competitor for the Easyshade V. Finally, the new methods based on intraoral scanners were less reliable than the spectrophotometers and the visual shade matching.
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Mine Y, Suzuki S, Eguchi T, Murayama T. Applying deep artificial neural network approach to maxillofacial prostheses coloration. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 64:296-300. [PMID: 31554602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation replaces missing structures to recover the function and aesthetics relating to facial defects or injuries. Deep learning is rapidly expanding with respect to applications in medical fields. In this study, we apply the artificial neural network (ANN)-based deep learning approach to coloration support for fabricating maxillofacial prostheses. METHODS We compared two machine learning algorithms, ANN-based deep learning and the random forest algorithm, to determine the compounding amount of pigment. We prepared 52 silicone elastomer specimens of varying colors and measured the CIE 1976 L* a* b* color space information using a spectrophotometer on the input dataset. The output of these algorithms indicated the compounding amount of four pigments. According to the algorithms' pigment compounding predictions, we prepared the specimens for validation analysis and measured the CIE 1976 L* a* b* values. We determined the color differences between the real skin color of five research participants (22.3 ± 1.7 years) and that of the silicone elastomer specimens fabricated based on the algorithm predictions using the CIEDE00 ΔE00 color system. RESULTS The color differences (ΔE00 value) between the real skin color and silicone elastomer validation specimens were 3.45 ± 0.87 (ANN) and 5.54 ± 1.41 (random forest), which indicates that the deep ANN approach produced superior results with respect to the ΔE00 value compared with the random forest algorithm. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that applying deep ANN is a promising technique for the coloration of maxillofacial prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Translational Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Suzuki
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toru Eguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murayama
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Brown KM, Gillespie G. Overcoming Restorative Challenges With Novel Single-Shade Composite: Case Reports. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2019; 40:7-9. [PMID: 31730359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Brown
- Private Practice, Bellevue, Washington; Accredited, American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry
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Lazar R, Culic B, Gasparik C, Lazar C, Dudea D. The accuracy of dental shade matching using cross-polarization photography. Int J Comput Dent 2019; 22:343-351. [PMID: 31840142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a polarizing filter on the accuracy of dental shade matching using digital photography. A comparison was performed using ΔEab parameters between CIE L*a*b* values obtained from digital images taken under two different conditions (with direct light and with polarized light) and the values given by the dental spectrophotometer SpectroShade Micro, which is considered to be the standard. Color differences (ΔEab) calculated between the parameters recorded with the dental spectrophotometer and polarized photography were below or at the level of the 50:50% acceptability threshold of 2.7 in 23% of the cases. Interdevice agreement found between the dental spectrophotometer and polarized photography exceeded 0.82 for all the three parameters recorded. Digital photography with polarizing filters might be a useful tool for dental shade matching.
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Bennie KR, Thokoane MG, Owen CP. Metamerism of Three Different Pigments for Facial Prostheses and a Method to Improve Shade Evaluation. INT J PROSTHODONT 2018; 31:607–609. [PMID: 30192353 DOI: 10.11607/ijp.5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the illuminant metamerism of three different pigments used for maxillofacial prostheses under three different illumination sources and to standardize subjective shade-matching and observation protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine silicone shade tabs were constructed for three volunteers who had light, medium, and dark skin tones using make-up, oil paint, or silicone pigments (three shade tabs per volunteer). A shade recipe was recorded during session one, and further tabs were constructed by following the recipe at two subsequent sessions. Using an observation protocol, expert examiners rated the shade match under three different illuminants. RESULTS The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability revealed acceptable reliability (ICC > 0.6). Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < .05) for pigments and illuminants and for the interaction of pigments with illuminant on the raters' scores. CONCLUSION Illuminant metamerism affected the appearance of the silicone shade tabs. Oil paint with fluorescent or incandescent illumination had the worst effect. It was found possible to construct a consistent shade guide and to recommend an observation protocol, which should be repeatable if similarly experienced examiners are used.
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Pohlen B, Hawlina M, Pompe MT, Kopač I. Do Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Color-Vision Deficiencies Influence Shade-Matching Ability? INT J PROSTHODONT 2018; 31:239-247. [PMID: 29723318 DOI: 10.11607/ijp.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of color-vision deficiencies and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) on visual shade-matching ability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of participants were investigated: a control group (n = 68); a group with protanomalia (n = 10); a group with deuteranomalia (n = 19); and a group with type 1 DM (n = 13). Color vision was evaluated monocularly using the Ishihara test, Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue (FM100H) test, Hardy Rand Rittler (HRR) test, and with an HMC Anomaloskop MR (Rayleigh and Moreland tests). The final exam was on a Toothguide Training Box (TTB) and consisted of 15 lightness-chroma-hue tasks. The color difference (ΔE*ab) and the shade-matching score (ΣΔE*ab) were computed, and the correct lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (h*) selections were counted. The means and standard deviations for the ΣΔE*ab, ΔE*ab, L*, C*, h*, Ishihara, HRR, FM100H, and Rayleigh and Moreland tests were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analyses and a comparison of means (α = .05). The data analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 for Windows (IBM). RESULTS The control group selected the shade tab on the TTB significantly better (ΣΔE*ab = 31.57 ± 13.50) than the group with protanomalia (ΣΔE*ab = 55.50 ± 12.36; P < .0001) and the group with deuteranomalia (ΣΔE*ab = 59.18 ± 16.35; P < .0001), but not significantly better than the group with type 1 DM (ΣΔE*ab = 39.43 ± 11.46; P = .368). The group with type 1 DM selected the shade tab on the TTB significantly better than the group with protanomalia (P = .038) and the group with deuteranomalia (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Participants with color-vision deficiencies are less accurate at shade matching than the control group and the group with type 1 DM.
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Donly KJ, Sasa I, Contreras CI, Mendez MJC. Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Primary Molar Crowns: 24-Month Results. Pediatr Dent 2018; 40:253-258. [PMID: 30345963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of a new primary zirconia molar crown compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs). Methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed as a split-mouth study. Fifty three- to seven-year-old children were recruited to provide a total of 50 pairs of teeth requiring primary molar crowns, with each participant receiving a SSC and zirconia crown. Restorations were evaluated at six-month, 12-month, and 24-month recall appointments examining the following criteria: gingival health; estimate of extent the crown was high in occlusion; surface roughness; staining on crown surface; wear of opposing arch tooth; color match; anatomic form; marginal integrity; marginal discoloration; proximal contact area; secondary caries at crown margin; and parent/guardian satisfaction with crown appearance. Results: The 24-month follow-up included 39 patients (78 percent). Seventy crowns (70 percent) were evaluated; of the 36 zirconia crowns and 34 SSCs, there were no failures at the 24-month evaluation. The only significant difference in the parameters evaluated was in parental satisfaction with the zirconia crown preference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Current 24-month results indicate that zirconia primary molar crowns perform similarly to an established stainless steel crown for restoration of primary molar teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Donly
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
| | - Issa Sasa
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Isabel Contreras
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Jose Cervantes Mendez
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Xu YX. [Comparison of the color difference between teeth underwent cold light whitening and two kinds of shade guides]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018; 50:543-546. [PMID: 29930427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate which shade guide, Vitapan Classical or Vita Bleachedguide 3DMaster, is better matched with the color of teeth in judging whitening effect, by comparing the color difference between shade tabs and corresponding teeth underwent cold light tooth whitening. METHODS A total of 60 patients underwent Beyond cold light tooth whitening from May 2014 to April 2016. The patients were divided into two experimental groups according to the shade guide used. Vitapan Classical shade guide was used to judge whitening effect in one group, and Vita Bleachedguide 3DMaster shade guide was used in another. Shade matching was carried out before and after whitening in both the two groups, and the results were recorded by digital photographs. Shade matching procedures were carried out by two doctors independently. If they chose the same tab, it would be seen as the shade matching result; While if they chose different tabs, another doctor would be invited to make a decision. Photographs were taken in preset conditions: intraoral photos of the full dentition in the front, and the proportion of shooting was 1:3; aperture was F22; shutter speed was 1/200; intensity of flash was M/8; ISO value was 200. The photographs were analyzed by Photoshop software. Chromatic values were measured, and color difference values were calculated. Measuring of chromatic values was carried out by three doctors independently, and all the photos were measured twice by each doctor. Six measure results of each photo were recorded, and the maximum and the minimum were excluded, then the mean was seen as the final result. The color difference values were compared by independent-sample t test. Besides, changes of shade tabs after whitening in the two groups were recorded. RESULTS Color difference value was 5.06±1.71 in Vitapan Classical group, and 3.39±1.36 in Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=4.68,P<0.001). Change of shade tabs was 3.63±1.75 in Vitapan Classical group, and 2.23±1.01 in Vita Bleachedguide 3DMaster group. CONCLUSION Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master is better matched with the color of teeth, so it is preferred in judging the effect of cold light tooth whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Xu
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine 10 different shades of pink ceramic to determine which one best matches the mean color of human gingiva. Bar-shaped zirconia samples were fabricated and veneered with 1 of 10 pink zirconia veneering ceramics. The color of the gingiva at the central maxillary incisors of 20 healthy volunteers was compared to the pink veneering ceramics using a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade, MHT). The obtained color parameters L*, a*, and b* (CIELAB) of the gingiva and the ceramics were used to calculate the color difference (ΔE). Mean ΔE values were descriptively analyzed and compared to the threshold value for visibility of color differences of gingiva (ΔE = 3.1). The lowest pink ceramic ΔE value obtained (closest to the mean ΔE of all the volunteers' gingiva) was 6.2. All the tested ceramics exhibited a color difference above the threshold value for visibility.
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Najafi-Abrandabadi S, Vahidi F, Janal MN. Effects of a shade-matching light and background color on reliability in tooth shade selection. Int J Esthet Dent 2018; 13:198-206. [PMID: 29687098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a shade-matching light (Rite-Lite-2, AdDent) and different viewing backgrounds on reliability in a test of shade tab matching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four members of the Prosthodontic faculty matched 10 shade tabs selected for a range of shades against the shade guide. All raters were tested for color blindness and were calibrated prior to the study. Matching took place under four combinations of conditions: with operatory light or the shade-matching light, and using either a pink or a blue background. Reliability was quantified with the kappa statistic, separately for agreement of value, hue, and chroma for each shade tab. RESULTS In general, raters showed fair to moderate levels of agreement when judging the value of the shade tabs, but could not agree on the hue and chroma of the stimuli. The pink background led to higher levels of agreement than the blue background, and the shade-matching light improved agreement when used in conjunction with the pink but not the blue background. CONCLUSIONS Moderate levels of agreement were found in matching shade tab value. Agreement was generally better when using the pink rather than the blue background, regardless of light source. The use of the shade-matching light tended to amplify the advantage of the pink background.
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Mourouzis P, Koulaouzidou E, Palaghias G, Helvatjoglu-Antoniades M. Color match of luting composites and try-in pastes: the impact on the final color of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate restorations. Int J Esthet Dent 2018; 13:98-109. [PMID: 29379906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Color matching of the restoration to the adjacent teeth can be difficult due to the translucency of the ceramic and the visual exposure of the polymerized resin cement through the ceramic material. The aim of this study was to identify color differences between try-in pastes and the corresponding luting resin composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials tested were Variolink Veneer, Variolink Try-In, Variolink Esthetic LC, and Variolink Esthetic Try-In. Blocks of IPS e.max CAD were bisected along the vertical axis, producing specimens of different thicknesses. The surfaces to be evaluated were finely polished with a metallographic machine using 6000 grit SiC paper. The IPS e.max CAD specimens cemented with resin cement or with the try-in pastes were superimposed on a resin composite specimen reproducing the tooth structure. Evaluation of the color differences between the try-in pastes and polymerized cements of the same shade was performed with a spectrophotometer and a visual evaluation by three observers. RESULTS The measurements showed that for shades of Variolink Veneer and Variolink Esthetic LC resin cements and the corresponding try-in pastes there were significant color differences (ΔE > 2.23). Among the groups of different thicknesses, specimens of 0.5-mm thickness exhibited the highest ΔE values, while the specimens of 2-mm thickness exhibited the lowest. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that dentists should not rely on try-in pastes for the final color evaluation because they do not perfectly match the color shade of the cement used for the final luting of ceramic restorations. The originality of this study was the interpretation of color differences utilizing both a scientific spectrophotometer and visual observation.
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Steinbrenner H. Multichromatic and highly translucent hybrid ceramic Vita Enamic. Int J Comput Dent 2018; 21:239-250. [PMID: 30264053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vita Enamic is a durable hybrid ceramic that can be processed with efficient computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) support. The porous sintered feldspar ceramic block that is infiltrated with polymer does not require a ceramic furnace after being ground out. Instead, it only needs to be finished and polished. This makes one-time chairside treatment possible. In addition to the well-known monochromatic Vita Enamic blocks, a multichromatic version with integrated shade gradient and a super-translucent version have been developed. The goal of this application study is to demonstrate these new indications with their material benefits in the anterior and posterior regions using four different case studies.
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Villavicencio-Espinoza CA, Narimatsu MH, Furuse AY. Using Cross-Polarized Photography as a Guide for Selecting Resin Composite Shade. Oper Dent 2017; 43:113-120. [PMID: 29148913 DOI: 10.2341/16-227-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of single discolored maxillary anterior teeth is still a difficult task, as not only shape and surface characterization play an important role in the success of the treatment, but the propagation of light throughout the restorative material does as well. In some cases, small changes in morphology, color, and brightness will be noticeable. These factors are sometimes very tricky, and shade guides alone are difficult to use for color selection. This article proposes a protocol of employing cross-polarization imaging for improving the accuracy of the shade selection of resin composites. The step-by-step technique is presented for the restoration of a single discolored tooth.
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Brokos Y, Stavridakis M, Krejci I. Digital Photographic Procedure for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Tooth Shade Analysis. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2017; 38:e1-e4. [PMID: 28862463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current commercially available restorative materials vary in their esthetic properties, depending on brand and shade. Variations are related not only to basic color parameters such as hue, chroma, and value, but also to other important properties that affect the overall esthetic restorative outcome, such as opalescence, fluorescence, translucency, and metamerism. Fluorescence and bluish opalescence, though associated with the ingredients and chemical composition of the material, may be controlled and refined by a proper layering technique if that pretreatment analysis has been performed with the aid of appropriate photographic techniques. Digital cameras and dental photography have long been imperative tools for clinicians in their daily practice. Traditionally, digital photography has been used for recordkeeping, documentation, presentation, and informing patients of their oral status before and after treatment. Today, evolved techniques facilitate clinicians' ability to compare the esthetic properties of restorative materials with those of natural teeth for delivery of natural-looking restorations. Moreover, documentation obtained before and after restoration may be used for more comprehensive information for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Brokos
- University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Private Practice, Rhodes, Greece
| | - Minos Stavridakis
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Private Practice, Athens, Greece
| | - Ivo Krejci
- Chairman and Professor, Division of Cariology and Endodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Shetty RM, Bhat AN, Gupta N, Mehta D, Srivatsa G, Singh I. Comparison between Color Spaces of Vita Lumin Shade Guide with Natural Teeth in Bengaluru Population using Spectrocolorimeter: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:683-687. [PMID: 28816190 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to compare the color space of Vita Lumin shade guide (SG) with the natural teeth of the local population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 maxillary central incisors (100 patients) were subjected to color measurement with a spectrocolorimeter. For each tooth, L*, a*, b* values were recorded. All the shade tabs of Vita Lumin SG were analyzed with a spectrocolorimeter to define the color space covered by the Vita Lumin SG. The L*a*b* values of natural teeth were plotted on separate scattered diagrams and compared. RESULTS About two out of three attributes (luminance and blue spectrum) of the local population of Bengaluru displayed a broader range than those available in Vita Lumin SG. CONCLUSION The local population requires an SG with an extended range, covering a higher luminance spectrum and broader blue spectrum. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Esthetic restorations require accurate shade matching with the adjacent natural teeth, SGs being the mean of shade selection and communication should be comparable to the natural teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit M Shetty
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, e-mail:
| | - Adarsh N Bhat
- Private Practioner, Bhat's Dental Clinic, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Deepak Mehta
- Private Practioner, Dental Bloom, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gopalakrishna Srivatsa
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ipsha Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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McLaren EA, Figueira J, Goldstein RE. A Technique Using Calibrated Photography and Photoshop for Accurate Shade Analysis and Communication. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2017; 38:106-113. [PMID: 28156124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the critical aspects of controlling the shade-taking environment and discusses various modalities introduced throughout the years to acquire and communicate shade information. Demonstrating a highly calibrated digital photographic technique for capturing shade information, this article shows how to use Photoshop® to standardize images and extract color information from the tooth and shade tab for use by a ceramist for an accurate shade-matching restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A McLaren
- Professor, Founder, and Director, UCLA Postgraduate Esthetics; Director, UCLA Center for Esthetic Dentistry; Founder and Director, UCLA Master Dental Ceramist Program, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California; Private Practice, Prosthodontics and Esthetic Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johan Figueira
- Private Practice, Caracas and Isla de Margarita, Venezuela, and Los Angeles, California
| | - Ronald E Goldstein
- Clinical Professor of Oral Rehabilitation, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Private Practice, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of color training on the dental shade matching quality of dental students of both gender and to study the need to include lectures and exercises about shade selection in the undergraduate dental curriculum. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty junior dental students from the College of Dentistry at King Saud University participated in the present study and were distributed randomly into four testing groups. They were asked to match the color of four target shade tabs from the VITA Linearguide 3D-MASTER. Group 1 attended a brief lecture and a training exercise about dental shade matching, Group 2 only attended the lecture, and Group 3 only performed the training exercise. Group 4 did not participate in the lecture or the training exercise and served as a control. Exact matching rates were calculated and analyzed to determine the pre- and post-test matching values. Three way repeated measures analysis of variance, paired t test, and independent t-test were used to compare shade matching quality, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test values for the students' dental shade matching qualities for all of the test groups. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of the dental shade matching training about color and dental shade matching for improving the students' shade matching quality was proven for both genders. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Training can improve shade matching quality of dental students. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:346-351, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan F Alfouzan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam M Alqahtani
- Teaching Assistance, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam A Tashkandi
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hein S, Tapia J, Bazos P. eLABor_aid: a new approach
to digital shade management. Int J Esthet Dent 2017; 12:186-202. [PMID: 28653050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary dental patients present with high expectations and demand seamless optical integration of restorative interventions. As a result, clinicians and technicians are required to develop methodologies that remain practical yet increase the accuracy and objectivity of shade analysis and estimation. There have been significant advances in digital technologies over the past 20 years, with digital photography being at the forefront. Digital photography has made an immediate and profound impact on applied clinical dentistry, primarily due to instantaneous image visualization and distribution. However, standardization protocols in terms of image acquisition and objective analysis remain equivocal. By utilizing reflective cross-polarized light digital photography with a standardized white balance gray reference card serving as the known reference, in conjunction with a specific digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera profile and digital photographic processing software working in the CIE L*a*b* (1976) color space, one can achieve standardized image acquisition and subsequent objective image analysis. The goal of this systematic approach is to identify the most efficient and effective means to generate consistent and optimum visual integration and restorative outcomes through numerical quantification, in order to enable clinicians and technicians to work predictably even when they are in different geographic locations.
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Lehmann K, Devigus A, Wentaschek S, Igiel C, Scheller H, Paravina R. Comparison of visual shade
matching and electronic color
measurement device. Int J Esthet Dent 2017; 12:396-404. [PMID: 28717795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the performance of visual shade matching and spectrophotometric measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 observers matched pairs of corresponding shade tabs from two VITA classical A1-D4 shade guides. The tab identifiers on one shade guide were masked. Lack of visible color differences between the corresponding tabs was confirmed by means of an intraoral spectrophotometer. Means and standard deviations were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05) with a Bonferroni correction was performed to detect significance of differences between groups. RESULTS A total of 72.5% of tab pairs (or 11.6 tabs) were matched using the visual method, and 98.9% were matched using the spectrophotometer (P < 0.001). Female observers showed significantly better results than male observers (P = 0.027). Both genders showed the highest visual scores in group B, followed by groups C, A, and D. CONCLUSIONS Instrumental shade-matching systems have the potential to improve color matching in dentistry. Results were influenced by gender. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The dental spectrophotometer exhibited a significantly higher percentage of correct matches of corresponding shade tabs compared with conventional visual shade matching.
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Magne P. Noninvasive bilaminar CAD/CAM composite resin veneers:
a semi-(in)direct approach. Int J Esthet Dent 2017; 12:134-154. [PMID: 28653047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct composite resin restorations have been recognized for their valuable clinical service and respect of intact hard tissue. The cost-effectiveness and inherent minimally invasive approach of resin-based materials means that they are also gaining popularity for use in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) procedures. Several cases from the student clinics at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC are presented that could have been resolved either with direct composite resin restorations or with indirect porcelain veneers. A novel semi-indirect CAD/CAM approach, characterized by its absolute noninvasiveness and simplicity, was chosen instead. The bilaminar restoration consists of a customized histoanatomical CAD/CAM dentin base (incisoproximal cutback), and a generic enamel skin. The patients can be treated either in one clinical session (semi-directly) or in two clinical sessions (semi-indirectly). The purpose of this article is to present another tool from the anterior restorative armamentarium to bridge the gap between direct and indirect techniques.
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Lakhanpal S, Neelima MS. Accuracy of Three Shade-matching Devices in Replicating the Shade of Metal Ceramic Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:1003-1008. [PMID: 27965487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In restorative dentistry, the clinician commonly encounters the challenge of replicating the color of natural teeth due to the subjectivity of perceptual evaluation. Recent advances in photography and computing have resulted in the widespread use of the digital camera for color imaging. These instruments can be used effectively for shade matching and communication to yield predictable results. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 20 freshly extracted noncarious premolars. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values of the tooth were obtained through a spectrophotometer, digital camera, and digital camera with a polarizer. Shade selection was carried out using VITA 3D Master and calculating the Euclidian distance. The fabricated metal ceramic crowns were then evaluated to check the shade replication by comparing the CIE L*a*b* values of the crowns with the reference shade tab images. RESULTS The three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparative analysis using Bonferroni test reveals that the difference in the mean L*a* values between spectrophotometer and polarization dental imaging modality (PDIM) was insignificant. The difference in the mean L*a*b* of spectrophotometer and digital camera was statistically significant. The mean ΔE for metal ceramic crowns and shade tabs was 4.2 that was greater than the clinically acceptable level (3.2). CONCLUSION A statistically significant correlation was found to exist between the spectrophotometer and PDIM for all CIE L*, a*, and b* color coordinates. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study was undertaken to assess the shade-matching ability of three shade-matching devices, such as spectrophotometer, digital camera, and PDIM, in the accuracy of replication of metal ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Lakhanpal
- Department of Prosthodontist, Clove Dental, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Menon S Neelima
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, P.S.M. College of Dental Science and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur, Kerala, Phone: +919447839034, e-mail:
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Barath VS, Faber FJ, Westland S, Niedermeier W. Spectrophotometric Analysis of All-ceramic Materials and Their Interaction with Luting Agents and Different Backgrounds. Adv Dent Res 2016; 17:55-60. [PMID: 15126208 DOI: 10.1177/154407370301700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two All-Ceramic (AC) materials—Empress 2 (EMP) (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and In-Ceram ALUMINA (ICA) (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany)—were analyzed, along with the effects of 3 luting agents— viz. Zinc Phosphate cement (ZNPO, PhospaCEM PL, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC, Ketac-Cem Radiopaque, ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany), and Compolute (COMP, ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany)—on the final color, using the CIELab system. Color differences (DeltaL, Deltaa, Deltab, and DeltaE) were calculated for samples with luting agents and for samples without luting agents with standard white and black backgrounds, with the use of a spectrophotometer, Luci 100 (Dr. Lange, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA for DeltaL, Deltaa, Deltab, and DeltaE within both the AC systems, with and without luting agents, showed significant contributions of the background (p < 0.05). EMP was seen to be more translucent than ICA. Darker ceramics showed less color variation. Luting agents altered the final color of the restoration. ZNPO was least translucent, followed by GIC and COMP. Marginal increases in thicknesses of ICA samples (0.4 mm) do not show a statistically significant color difference. No method exists to predict the outcome of an AC restoration based on consideration of the luting agent and the background color.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Barath
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School (Zentrum für Zahn, Mund und Kieferheilkunde), University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 32, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Manauta J, Salat A, Putignano A, Devoto W, Villares CF, Hardan LS. Natural, polarized light and the choice of composite: a key to success in shade matching of direct anterior restorations- Part II. Odontostomatol Trop 2016; 39:5-15. [PMID: 30240180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With time, natural and polarized light proved their importance and utility in dental photography. After studying the physical properties of natural and polarized light, in the first part of this article, to understand their correlation with dental materials and natural teeth and how to use them in the best combination, this second part will illustrate the importance of a polarized image in color matching, how to manipulate it and how to apply it in clinical cases.
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Manauta J, Salat A, Putignano A, Devoto W, Villares CF, Hardan LS. Natural, polarized light and the choice of composite: a key to success in shade matching of direct anterior restorations- Part I. Odontostomatol Trop 2016; 39:11-19. [PMID: 30239179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biggest challenge while restoring anterior teeth is shade matching. Hue, chroma, value, opacity, translucency, intensity and anatomy must be seen to be reproduced. To see we need light, knowing that there is a strong relation between the nature of light and the components of natural teeth. This article enlightens the way to do the shade matching and the stratification of anterior teeth by choosing the relevant materials to mimic the nature. The physical properties of natural and polarized light will be studied to understand their correlation with dental materials and natural teeth to use them in the best combination.
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Gurrea J, Gurrea M, Bruguera A, Sampaio CS, Janal M, Bonfante E, Coelho PG, Hirata R. Evaluation of Dental Shade Guide Variability Using Cross-Polarized Photography. INT J PERIODONT REST 2016; 36:e76-81. [PMID: 27560681 DOI: 10.11607/prd.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated color variability in the A hue between the VITA Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik) shade guide and four other VITA-coded ceramic shade guides using a Canon EOS 60D camera and software (Photoshop CC, Adobe). A total of 125 photographs were taken, 5 per shade tab for each of 5 shades (A1 to A4) from the following shade guides: VITA Classical (control), IPS e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent), IPS d.SIGN (Ivoclar Vivadent), Initial ZI (GC), and Creation CC (Creation Willi Geller). Photos were processed with Adobe Photoshop CC to allow standardized evaluation of hue, chroma, and value between shade tabs. None of the VITA-coded shade tabs fully matched the VITA Classical shade tab for hue, chroma, or value. The VITA-coded shade guides evaluated herein showed an overall unmatched shade in all tabs when compared with the control, suggesting that shade selection should be made using the guide produced by the manufacturer of the ceramic intended for the final restoration.
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